专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版

2026-10-20
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专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 主语 / 考点二 谓语 / 考点三 宾语 / 考点四 表语 / 考点五 宾语补足语 / 考点六 定语 / 考点七 状语 / 考点八 八种基本句子结构/ 考点九 简单句、并列句与主从复合句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题以译林牛津版必修第一册 Unit 1和Unit 2为命题蓝本,是整学期语法体系的"地基"。期中考试对这两单元的考查并非孤立设题,而是把语法点嵌入真实语篇,集中体现在语法填空、阅读理解长难句分析、完形填空语义搭配以及书面表达的句子结构四个题型上。 从难度分布看,句子成分的辨认、八种基本句型的识别属于基础送分题;真正的拉分点集中在三处:一是"定语 vs 状语"的辨析,二是"宾语补足语 vs 双宾语"的区分,三是"并列句 vs 主从复合句"的判断(并列连词与从属连词的取舍)。主干提取能力是后续学习从句、非谓语动词的前提,务必在期中前夯实。 识记 准确说出主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语的划分与常见构成;牢记 SV、SVP、SVO、SVOO、SVOA、SVOC、存现句等基本句子结构;熟记并列连词 and、but、or、so、for 的功能。 理解 精准辨析易混成分:定语与状语、宾语补足语与双宾语、表语与状语;理清简单句、并列句、主从复合句在结构上的本质差异;区分并列连词与从属连词所引导的句子类型。 应用 能在语法填空中判断空格所充当的成分并据此填空;能拆分阅读理解中的长难句主干;能写出结构正确、逻辑通顺的简单句、并列句和主从复合句。 考点一 主语 句子所陈述的对象,即发出动作或被描述的人或事物。 Volunteer work cultivates a strong sense of responsibility. 志愿服务培养了强烈的责任感。(名词短语作主语) Confucius, a great ancient thinker, shaped generations of Chinese. 孔子,一位伟大的古代思想家,影响了世代中国人。(专有名词作主语) Two thirds of the graduates admitted by key universities plan to pursue further studies. 三分之二被重点大学录取的学生打算继续深造。(数词短语作主语) Reflecting regularly on one’s own mistakes proves remarkably effective. 定期反思自己的错误被证明非常有效。(动名词短语作主语) ⚠️概念辨析 当主语偏长时,常用 it 打头充当形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式/动名词/主语从句)挪到句末。 例:It is useful to use the Internet. 中 it 是形式主语,to use the Internet 才是真正主语。 ⚠️避坑指南 There be 句中的 there 只是引导词,不能作主语;真正的主语是 be 动词后面的名词,如 There are numerous challenges in front of us. 中真正的主语是 numerous challenges。 考点二 谓语 谓语是谓语部分的核心动词,交代主语做什么,或主语具有何种特征、状态。 Most of my classmates take an active part in after-school activities. 我的大部分同学积极参加课后活动。(take part in 为实义动词短语作谓语) The prospects of the project remain uncertain. 这个项目的前景仍不确定。(remain 为系动词作谓语,其后接表语) ⚠️避坑指南 谓语只指核心动词本身,不含系动词后面的表语。be / become / feel / get / look / seem 等系动词之后用来说明主语的成分是表语,切勿误判为宾语。 考点三 宾语 宾语一般表示动作的承受对象。有些动词后可跟两个宾语:指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 Schools should attach great importance to students’ mental health. 学校应高度重视学生的心理健康。(students’ mental health 为宾语) The teacher promised us an extra lecture on grammar. 老师答应给我们加讲一节语法课。(us 为间接宾语,an extra lecture 为直接宾语) ⚠️概念辨析 双宾语中“人”与“物”并非同一对象,二者无主表关系,如 Jack offered me some advice 里 me ≠ advice;而复合宾语中宾语与宾补指同一对象、可还原成主表关系,如 Music makes me relaxed(me = relaxed)。 考点四 表语 表语位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征或状态。高频系动词:be、become、feel、get、look、seem。 The outcome of the experiment was rather disappointing. 实验的结果相当令人失望。(rather disappointing 为表语) She looks confident about the coming interview. 她对即将到来的面试显得很有信心。(confident 为表语) 考点五 补语 补语对主语或宾语作补充说明,分为主语补语与宾语补足语,去掉后句意往往不完整。 The dedicated teacher was made head of the department. 这位敬业的老师被任命为系主任。(head of the department 为主语补语) The thrilling novel kept us on the edge of our seats. 这部惊险的小说让我们始终紧张不已。(on the edge of our seats 为宾语补足语) 考点六 状语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词乃至整句,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等。 The researchers examined every piece of evidence very carefully. 研究人员非常仔细地检查了每一项证据。(carefully 为方式状语) Fortunately, the tense situation has improved considerably. 幸运的是,紧张的局面已经大为好转。(Fortunately 修饰整句) ⚠️概念辨析 定语锁定名词/代词,多半紧挨被修饰词;状语则修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句,位置相对灵活。对比:a large library 中 large 修饰 library,是定语;plans … carefully 中 carefully 修饰动词 plans,是状语。 考点七 定语 定语修饰、限定名词或代词;单词、短语、从句均可充当,短语和从句作定语时通常后置。 She made a remarkable achievement in the national contest. 她在全国比赛中取得了非凡的成就。(remarkable 为前置定语) We still have a lot of difficulties to overcome before the experiment succeeds. 在实验成功之前我们仍有许多困难要克服。(to overcome 为后置定语) 考点八 八种基本句子结构 句型1 主谓(SV):主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)。 The thick fog gradually cleared. 浓雾渐渐散去了。 句型2 主系表(SVP / SP):主语 + 连系动词 + 表语。 Her explanation sounded convincing. 她的解释听起来令人信服。 句型3 主谓宾(SVO):主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。 Many teenagers underestimate the power of persistence. 许多青少年低估了坚持的力量。 句型4 主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语 + 动词 + 间宾 + 直宾。 The coach offered the players some encouragement. 教练给了队员们一些鼓励。 句型5 主谓宾补(SVOC):主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。 We found the lecture thought-provoking. 我们发现这场讲座发人深省。 句型6 主谓状(SVA):主语 + 谓语 + 状语。 The volunteers worked tirelessly. 志愿者们不知疲倦地工作。 句型7 主谓宾状(SVOA):主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语。 We appreciated the speech enormously. 我们非常欣赏这场演讲。 句型8 存现句(There be):引导词 there + be + 主语 + 状语。 There exists a growing concern about the environment. 人们日益关注环境问题。 ⚠️避坑指南 结构判读三步走 一找谓语动词;二看谓语是及物、不及物还是系动词;三按"缺什么补什么"定结构——动词后"人+物"是双宾,动词后用来补充说明宾语的是宾补,系动词后是表语。 考点九 简单句、并列句与主从复合句 简单句:只含一套主谓结构。 My experienced mentor devotes himself entirely to scientific research. 我经验丰富的导师全身心投入科学研究。 并列句:用并列连词 and / but / or / so / for 连接两个及以上简单句。 The scheme sounded practical, and everyone present nodded. 这个方案听起来很可行,在场的人都点头赞同。(and 表并列) He has made great progress, but he is still far from satisfied. 他取得了很大进步,但仍远不满足。(but 表转折) Shall I post the book to you, or will you pick it up? 是我把书寄给你,还是你来取?(or 表选择) They think differently, so they solved the problem in different ways. 他们想法不同,所以用不同方式解决了问题。(so 表结果) I cannot describe Mary, for I have never met her. 我说不出玛丽的样子,因为我从未见过她。(for 表原因) 主从复合句:由一个主句加一个或多个从句组成;从句不能独立,充当主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。 I firmly believe that perseverance will eventually pay off. 我坚信坚持终会有回报。(that 引导宾语从句) As the deadline approached, the team worked far more intensively. 随着截止日期临近,团队工作得紧张多了。(as 引导时间状语从句) ⚠️概念辨析 并列句 vs 主从复合句 并列句靠并列连词(and/but/or/so/for)拼接,各分句地位平等、可各自成句;主从复合句靠从属连词(that/as/because/when 等)引导,从句不能独立,只能充当主句某个成分。判别看连接词即可。 ⚠️避坑指南 逗号不能连接两个简单句 两个简单句之间必须有并列连词或从属连词,仅用逗号相连即为"逗号粘连"错误。误:I like English, it is useful. 正:I like English, for it is useful. 基础固本练(限时:20分钟) 一、写出下列句中黑体部分在句子中的成分。 1.We exchange ideas with foreign exchange students on campus. ________ 2.His first impression of the senior high school was wonderful. ________ 3.The teacher’s words impressed all the new students deeply. ________ 4.Han Jing felt anxious on her first day of senior high school. ________ 5.The school will hold a lecture about registration tomorrow. ________ 6.We found the new campus beautiful and lively. ________ 7.Outgoing students are more likely to make new friends quickly. ________ 8.She came to the campus at last after getting lost. ________ 9.My dream is to design a new building for our school. ________ 10.The noise from the lab made him annoyed. ________ 二、观察以下句子,选择合适的句式结构并把相应的字母填到句子后面的横线上。 A.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.) B.主语+不及物动词+状语(S+Vi.+A) C.主语+系动词+表语(S+Link v.+P) D.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt.+O) E.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+InO+DO) F.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+OC) G.主语+及物动词+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+A) H.存现句(There be句型及其变式句) 11.Our school lies in the centre of the city. ________ 12.My dream has come true. ________ 13.I want to make a good first impression. ________ 14.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. ________ 15.There is an old man living alone. ________ 16.We had our chemistry class in the science lab. ________ 17.The teacher let the students do cool experiments. ________ 18.The teacher showed us how to do the experiment. ________ 三、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句 19.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ________ 20.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ________ 21.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? ________ 22.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. ________ 23.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ________ 24.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ________ 25.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ________ 26.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? ________ 27.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ________ 28.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ________ 综合进阶练(限时:20分钟) 一、语法填空 A Bite of China No trip would be complete without experiencing the local food culture. Actually, China has various kinds of delicious food, 1 (include) a wide variety of local snacks (小吃). Without a doubt, for the majority of the foreigners I contacted, and myself included, Peking Duck, Dim Sum, Mongolian Hot Pot were the favorite Chinese 2 (dish). China is a place 3 the food is not only delicious, but the 4 (cheap) I’ve ever found. 5 my last night in Beijing before returning to the States, I went to a Peking Duck restaurant that had been suggested for me to try. What a beautiful place! Splendid woodblock prints on the walls, fresh flowers in the vases on the table, 6 (attract) silverware (镀银餐具) and beautiful chopsticks. I was handed 7 menu and found most of the prices 8 (be) especially low for the high quality of the food. The duck came in whole or half, along with all the little decorations that you know if you’ve ever eaten Peking Duck — a little tortilla (玉米饼) to put the sliced duck and vegetables in, chopped onion and sauce. Anyway, I ended up ordering a whole duck and thought I’d just take the rest back to my hotel 9 (eat) later if I couldn’t finish it. Unbelievably, in the end there was none of the whole duck 10 (leave) on the plate. Umm, yummy! 二、书面表达 请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题,写一篇不少于六句且60字以上的小作文。 要求:1.运用英语的五个基本句型及There be句型。 2.包含简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。 3.短文中含有状语从句,宾语从句和定语从句。 4.字迹工整,语言规范。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 主语 / 考点二 谓语 / 考点三 宾语 / 考点四 表语 / 考点五 宾语补足语 / 考点六 定语 / 考点七 状语 / 考点八 八种基本句子结构/ 考点九 简单句、并列句与主从复合句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题以译林牛津版必修第一册 Unit 1和Unit 2为命题蓝本,是整学期语法体系的"地基"。期中考试对这两单元的考查并非孤立设题,而是把语法点嵌入真实语篇,集中体现在语法填空、阅读理解长难句分析、完形填空语义搭配以及书面表达的句子结构四个题型上。 从难度分布看,句子成分的辨认、八种基本句型的识别属于基础送分题;真正的拉分点集中在三处:一是"定语 vs 状语"的辨析,二是"宾语补足语 vs 双宾语"的区分,三是"并列句 vs 主从复合句"的判断(并列连词与从属连词的取舍)。主干提取能力是后续学习从句、非谓语动词的前提,务必在期中前夯实。 识记 准确说出主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语的划分与常见构成;牢记 SV、SVP、SVO、SVOO、SVOA、SVOC、存现句等基本句子结构;熟记并列连词 and、but、or、so、for 的功能。 理解 精准辨析易混成分:定语与状语、宾语补足语与双宾语、表语与状语;理清简单句、并列句、主从复合句在结构上的本质差异;区分并列连词与从属连词所引导的句子类型。 应用 能在语法填空中判断空格所充当的成分并据此填空;能拆分阅读理解中的长难句主干;能写出结构正确、逻辑通顺的简单句、并列句和主从复合句。 考点一 主语 句子所陈述的对象,即发出动作或被描述的人或事物。 Volunteer work cultivates a strong sense of responsibility. 志愿服务培养了强烈的责任感。(名词短语作主语) Confucius, a great ancient thinker, shaped generations of Chinese. 孔子,一位伟大的古代思想家,影响了世代中国人。(专有名词作主语) Two thirds of the graduates admitted by key universities plan to pursue further studies. 三分之二被重点大学录取的学生打算继续深造。(数词短语作主语) Reflecting regularly on one’s own mistakes proves remarkably effective. 定期反思自己的错误被证明非常有效。(动名词短语作主语) ⚠️概念辨析 当主语偏长时,常用 it 打头充当形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式/动名词/主语从句)挪到句末。 例:It is useful to use the Internet. 中 it 是形式主语,to use the Internet 才是真正主语。 ⚠️避坑指南 There be 句中的 there 只是引导词,不能作主语;真正的主语是 be 动词后面的名词,如 There are numerous challenges in front of us. 中真正的主语是 numerous challenges。 考点二 谓语 谓语是谓语部分的核心动词,交代主语做什么,或主语具有何种特征、状态。 Most of my classmates take an active part in after-school activities. 我的大部分同学积极参加课后活动。(take part in 为实义动词短语作谓语) The prospects of the project remain uncertain. 这个项目的前景仍不确定。(remain 为系动词作谓语,其后接表语) ⚠️避坑指南 谓语只指核心动词本身,不含系动词后面的表语。be / become / feel / get / look / seem 等系动词之后用来说明主语的成分是表语,切勿误判为宾语。 考点三 宾语 宾语一般表示动作的承受对象。有些动词后可跟两个宾语:指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 Schools should attach great importance to students’ mental health. 学校应高度重视学生的心理健康。(students’ mental health 为宾语) The teacher promised us an extra lecture on grammar. 老师答应给我们加讲一节语法课。(us 为间接宾语,an extra lecture 为直接宾语) ⚠️概念辨析 双宾语中“人”与“物”并非同一对象,二者无主表关系,如 Jack offered me some advice 里 me ≠ advice;而复合宾语中宾语与宾补指同一对象、可还原成主表关系,如 Music makes me relaxed(me = relaxed)。 考点四 表语 表语位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征或状态。高频系动词:be、become、feel、get、look、seem。 The outcome of the experiment was rather disappointing. 实验的结果相当令人失望。(rather disappointing 为表语) She looks confident about the coming interview. 她对即将到来的面试显得很有信心。(confident 为表语) 考点五 补语 补语对主语或宾语作补充说明,分为主语补语与宾语补足语,去掉后句意往往不完整。 The dedicated teacher was made head of the department. 这位敬业的老师被任命为系主任。(head of the department 为主语补语) The thrilling novel kept us on the edge of our seats. 这部惊险的小说让我们始终紧张不已。(on the edge of our seats 为宾语补足语) 考点六 状语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词乃至整句,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等。 The researchers examined every piece of evidence very carefully. 研究人员非常仔细地检查了每一项证据。(carefully 为方式状语) Fortunately, the tense situation has improved considerably. 幸运的是,紧张的局面已经大为好转。(Fortunately 修饰整句) ⚠️概念辨析 定语锁定名词/代词,多半紧挨被修饰词;状语则修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句,位置相对灵活。对比:a large library 中 large 修饰 library,是定语;plans … carefully 中 carefully 修饰动词 plans,是状语。 考点七 定语 定语修饰、限定名词或代词;单词、短语、从句均可充当,短语和从句作定语时通常后置。 She made a remarkable achievement in the national contest. 她在全国比赛中取得了非凡的成就。(remarkable 为前置定语) We still have a lot of difficulties to overcome before the experiment succeeds. 在实验成功之前我们仍有许多困难要克服。(to overcome 为后置定语) 考点八 八种基本句子结构 句型1 主谓(SV):主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)。 The thick fog gradually cleared. 浓雾渐渐散去了。 句型2 主系表(SVP / SP):主语 + 连系动词 + 表语。 Her explanation sounded convincing. 她的解释听起来令人信服。 句型3 主谓宾(SVO):主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。 Many teenagers underestimate the power of persistence. 许多青少年低估了坚持的力量。 句型4 主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语 + 动词 + 间宾 + 直宾。 The coach offered the players some encouragement. 教练给了队员们一些鼓励。 句型5 主谓宾补(SVOC):主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。 We found the lecture thought-provoking. 我们发现这场讲座发人深省。 句型6 主谓状(SVA):主语 + 谓语 + 状语。 The volunteers worked tirelessly. 志愿者们不知疲倦地工作。 句型7 主谓宾状(SVOA):主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语。 We appreciated the speech enormously. 我们非常欣赏这场演讲。 句型8 存现句(There be):引导词 there + be + 主语 + 状语。 There exists a growing concern about the environment. 人们日益关注环境问题。 ⚠️避坑指南 结构判读三步走 一找谓语动词;二看谓语是及物、不及物还是系动词;三按"缺什么补什么"定结构——动词后"人+物"是双宾,动词后用来补充说明宾语的是宾补,系动词后是表语。 考点九 简单句、并列句与主从复合句 简单句:只含一套主谓结构。 My experienced mentor devotes himself entirely to scientific research. 我经验丰富的导师全身心投入科学研究。 并列句:用并列连词 and / but / or / so / for 连接两个及以上简单句。 The scheme sounded practical, and everyone present nodded. 这个方案听起来很可行,在场的人都点头赞同。(and 表并列) He has made great progress, but he is still far from satisfied. 他取得了很大进步,但仍远不满足。(but 表转折) Shall I post the book to you, or will you pick it up? 是我把书寄给你,还是你来取?(or 表选择) They think differently, so they solved the problem in different ways. 他们想法不同,所以用不同方式解决了问题。(so 表结果) I cannot describe Mary, for I have never met her. 我说不出玛丽的样子,因为我从未见过她。(for 表原因) 主从复合句:由一个主句加一个或多个从句组成;从句不能独立,充当主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。 I firmly believe that perseverance will eventually pay off. 我坚信坚持终会有回报。(that 引导宾语从句) As the deadline approached, the team worked far more intensively. 随着截止日期临近,团队工作得紧张多了。(as 引导时间状语从句) ⚠️概念辨析 并列句 vs 主从复合句 并列句靠并列连词(and/but/or/so/for)拼接,各分句地位平等、可各自成句;主从复合句靠从属连词(that/as/because/when 等)引导,从句不能独立,只能充当主句某个成分。判别看连接词即可。 ⚠️避坑指南 逗号不能连接两个简单句 两个简单句之间必须有并列连词或从属连词,仅用逗号相连即为"逗号粘连"错误。误:I like English, it is useful. 正:I like English, for it is useful. 基础固本练(限时:20分钟) 一、写出下列句中黑体部分在句子中的成分。 1.We exchange ideas with foreign exchange students on campus. ________ 2.His first impression of the senior high school was wonderful. ________ 3.The teacher’s words impressed all the new students deeply. ________ 4.Han Jing felt anxious on her first day of senior high school. ________ 5.The school will hold a lecture about registration tomorrow. ________ 6.We found the new campus beautiful and lively. ________ 7.Outgoing students are more likely to make new friends quickly. ________ 8.She came to the campus at last after getting lost. ________ 9.My dream is to design a new building for our school. ________ 10.The noise from the lab made him annoyed. ________ 【答案】 1.宾语 2.主语 3.谓语 4.表语 5.宾语 6.宾语补足语 7.主语 8.状语 9.表语 10.宾语补足语 【解析】1.句意:我们在校园里与外国交换生交流想法。本句为主谓宾结构,黑体部分为名词,在句子中作宾语。 2.句意:他对这所高中的第一印象非常好。本句为主系表结构,黑体部分在句子中作主语。 3.句意:老师的话给所有新生留下了深刻的印象。本句为主谓宾结构,黑体部分为动词,在句子中作谓语。 4.句意:韩静在高中第一天感到焦虑不安。本句为主系表结构,黑体部分为形容词,在句子中作表语。 5.句意:学校明天将举办一场关于注册的讲座。本句为主谓宾结构,黑体部分为名词短语,在句子中作宾语。 6.句意:我们发现新校园既美丽又充满活力。本句为主谓宾宾补结构,黑体部分为形容词短语,在句子中作宾语补足语。 7.句意:性格外向的学生更有可能迅速结交新朋友。本句为主系表结构,黑体部分为名词短语,在句子中作主语。 8.句意:迷路之后,她终于来到了校园。黑体部分为介词短语,在句子中作状语。 9.句意:我的梦想是为我们学校设计一座新建筑。本句为主系表结构,黑体部分为动词不定式短语,在句子中作表语。 10.句意:实验室传来的噪音让他很恼火。本句为主谓宾宾补结构,黑体部分为形容词,在句子中作宾语补足语。 二、观察以下句子,选择合适的句式结构并把相应的字母填到句子后面的横线上。 A.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.) B.主语+不及物动词+状语(S+Vi.+A) C.主语+系动词+表语(S+Link v.+P) D.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt.+O) E.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+InO+DO) F.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+OC) G.主语+及物动词+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+A) H.存现句(There be句型及其变式句) 11.Our school lies in the centre of the city. ________ 12.My dream has come true. ________ 13.I want to make a good first impression. ________ 14.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. ________ 15.There is an old man living alone. ________ 16.We had our chemistry class in the science lab. ________ 17.The teacher let the students do cool experiments. ________ 18.The teacher showed us how to do the experiment. ________ 【答案】 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.H 16.G 17.F 18.E 【解析】11.句意:我们的学校位于市中心。主语为Our school,谓语为lies,in the centre of the city作地点状语。结构为B.主语+不及物动词+状语(S+Vi.+A)。 12.句意:我的梦想实现了。主语为My dream,谓语为has come true。结构为A.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.)。 13.句意:我想给人留下良好的第一印象。主语为I,谓语为want,动词不定式短语to make a good first impression作宾语。结构为D.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt.+O)。 14.句意:我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。主语为I,didn’t feel为系动词的否定形式,awkward or frightened为表语。结构为C.主语+系动词+表语(S+Link v.+P)。 15.句意:有一位老人独自生活。本句为there be句型存现句,结构为H.存现句(There be句型及其变式句)。 16.句意:我们在科学实验室上化学课。主语为We,谓语为had,宾语为our chemistry class,in the science lab为地点状语。结构为G.主语+及物动词+宾语+状语(S+Vt.+O+A)。 17.句意:老师让学生们做了很酷的实验。主语为The teacher,谓语为let,宾语为the students,do cool experiments为省略不定式符号to的不定式结构作宾语补足语。结构为F.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt.+O+OC)。 18.句意:老师向我们展示了如何进行实验。主语为The teacher,谓语为showed,间接宾语为us,how to do the experiment为疑问词+动词不定式结构作直接宾语。结构为E.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+InO+DO)。 三、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句 19.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ________ 20.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ________ 21.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? ________ 22.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. ________ 23.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ________ 24.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ________ 25.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ________ 26.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? ________ 27.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ________ 28.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ________ 【答案】 19.简单句 20.主从复合句 21.简单句 22.简单句 23.并列句 24.主从复合句 25.并列句 26.主从复合句 27.简单句 28.简单句 【解析】19.考查句子种类。句意:我们经常在星期五下午学习中国历史。分析句子结构可知,句中只有一套主谓,这是一个主谓宾状的简单句。故填:简单句。 20.考查句子种类。句意:给我让座的那个男孩叫汤姆。分析句子结构可知,句中含有一个由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词boy,这是一个主从复合句。故填:主从复合句。 21.考查句子种类。句意:这个房间里有一把椅子,是吗?分析句子结构可知,这是一个反意疑问句,同样只有一套主谓,这是一个简单句。故填:简单句。 22.考查句子种类。句意:我哥哥和我早上七点半去学校,晚上七点回家。分析句子结构可知,句中第一个并列连词and并列了两个主语,第二个and并列了两个谓语和宾语,均属于并列结构,因此这是一个存在并列主语和并列谓语宾语的简单句。故填:简单句。 23.考查句子种类。句意:他在一班,我在二班。分析句子结构可知,并列连词and并列了两个简单句,故这是一个并列句。故填:并列句。 24.考查句子种类。句意:他还是个孩子的时候就喜欢画画。分析句子结构可知,句中存在一个when引导的时间状语从句,故这是一个主从复合句。故填:主从复合句。 25.考查句子种类。句意:他既没有改变主意,也不会改变主意。分析句子结构可知,这是一个由并列连词neither…nor…连接的并列句。故填:并列句。 26.考查句子种类。句意:他在会上说的话很重要,是吗?分析句子结构可知,句中存在一个what引导的主语从句,故这是一个主从复合句。故填:主从复合句。 27.考查句子种类。句意:农夫正在教男孩如何种树。分析句子结构可知,句中只有一套主谓结构,而后面的连词how接的to do不定式作句子的直接宾语,故这是个主谓宾宾的简单句。故填:简单句。 28.考查句子种类。句意:汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。分析句子结构可知,both…and…在句中并列了两个主语,其谓语只有一个,故这还是一个简单句。故填:简单句。 综合进阶练(限时:20分钟) 一、语法填空 A Bite of China No trip would be complete without experiencing the local food culture. Actually, China has various kinds of delicious food, 1 (include) a wide variety of local snacks (小吃). Without a doubt, for the majority of the foreigners I contacted, and myself included, Peking Duck, Dim Sum, Mongolian Hot Pot were the favorite Chinese 2 (dish). China is a place 3 the food is not only delicious, but the 4 (cheap) I’ve ever found. 5 my last night in Beijing before returning to the States, I went to a Peking Duck restaurant that had been suggested for me to try. What a beautiful place! Splendid woodblock prints on the walls, fresh flowers in the vases on the table, 6 (attract) silverware (镀银餐具) and beautiful chopsticks. I was handed 7 menu and found most of the prices 8 (be) especially low for the high quality of the food. The duck came in whole or half, along with all the little decorations that you know if you’ve ever eaten Peking Duck — a little tortilla (玉米饼) to put the sliced duck and vegetables in, chopped onion and sauce. Anyway, I ended up ordering a whole duck and thought I’d just take the rest back to my hotel 9 (eat) later if I couldn’t finish it. Unbelievably, in the end there was none of the whole duck 10 (leave) on the plate. Umm, yummy! 【答案】 1.including 2.dishes 3.where 4.cheapest 5.On 6.attractive 7.a 8.were 9.to eat 10.left 【解析】本文以作者在北京品尝北京烤鸭的亲身经历为主,介绍中国丰富的饮食文化,展现出中国美食味美价廉的特点。 1.考查介词。句意:事实上,中国有各种各样的美味食物,包括各式各样的地方小吃。_______ (include) a wide variety of local snacks作状语,起补充说明的作用,要将动词include变成介词including,意为“包括”。 2.考查名词。句意:毫无疑问,对我接触过的大多数外国人以及我自己而言,北京烤鸭、广式点心、蒙古火锅都是最受喜爱的中国菜肴。Chinese作定语修饰所填词,要填名词;主语Peking Duck, Dim Sum, Mongolian Hot Pot是三种食物,要将名词dish变成复数形式dishes。 3.考查定语从句。句意:中国是这样一个地方:这里的食物不仅美味,而且价格是我见过最低的。_______ the food is not only delicious, but the _______ (cheap) I’ve ever found是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词place;先行词是地点名词,所填关系词在该从句中作地点状语,要填关系副词where。 4.考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是这样一个地方:这里的食物不仅美味,而且价格是我见过最低的。the ______ (cheap)后省略了名词food,与前文的food对应,其后接了定语从句I’ve ever found;定语从句用于限定范围,在“我所见过的所有事物”中进行比较,要将形容词cheap变为形容词最高级cheapest。 5.考查介词。句意:在我返回美国前、待在北京的最后一晚,我去了一家别人推荐我尝试的北京烤鸭店。空后接my last night作时间状语,表示某个具体的晚上要用介词on;它放在句首时首字母要大写,写作On。 6.考查形容词。句意:墙上挂着精美的木版画,桌上的花瓶里插着鲜花,还有精致的镀银餐具和漂亮的筷子。所填词作定语修饰名词silverware,要将动词attract变成形容词attractive。 7.考查冠词。句意:服务员递给我一份菜单,我发现对于这种高品质的食物来说,大部分菜品的价格都格外低廉。所填词修饰单数可数名词menu,要填冠词;该名词首次出现,要用不定冠词表示泛指,且它以辅音音素开头,要用不定冠词a。 8.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:服务员递给我一份菜单,我发现对于这种高品质的食物来说,大部分菜品的价格都格外低廉。most of the prices ______ (be) especially low for the high quality of the food是省略that的宾语从句,作found的宾语;found是find的过去式,可知其后的宾语从句也要用一般过去时陈述过去的情况;宾语从句的主语most of the prices是复数名词,be动词要填were。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意:总之,我最终点了一整只烤鸭,想着如果吃不完,就把剩下的带回酒店晚点吃。句中有谓语动词,提示词eat是动词,其前无并列连词,要变成非谓语动词;把烤鸭带回酒店的目的是之后食用,要填动词不定式to eat作目的状语。 10.考查非谓语动词。句意:令人难以置信的是,最后整只鸭子被吃得一干二净,盘子里一点都没剩下。句中有谓语was,_______ (leave) on the plate作后置定语修饰none of the whole duck,none of the whole duck与leave之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,要用过去分词left表示被动含义。 二、书面表达 请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题,写一篇不少于六句且60字以上的小作文。 要求:1.运用英语的五个基本句型及There be句型。 2.包含简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。 3.短文中含有状语从句,宾语从句和定语从句。 4.字迹工整,语言规范。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Mr. Lee is my favorite teacher. He is a tall man with black hair, black eyes and a big mouth. He is kind to me and he always helps me with my study patiently. My classmates also love him very much. He is never angry with his students even when they have done something wrong. He not only taught us English but also a lot of useful knowledge that is not in the textbooks. He often says that if you sail against the current, you will go backwards. He usually tries to convince the student who makes mistakes. 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生以“My Favorite Teacher”为题,按要求写一篇小作文。 1.词汇积累 善良的:nice→kind 耐心地:with patience→patiently 犯错:make mistakes→do something wrong 说服:persuade→convince 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句:My classmates also love him very much. 拓展句:The truth is that my classmates also love him very much. 【点睛】[高分句型1] He often says that if you sail against the current, you will go backwards. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] He usually tries to convince the student who makes mistakes. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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专题01 句子成分、基本句型与句子种类(期中复习讲义)高一英语上学期译林版
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