Unit 1 句子成分和基本句子结构讲义 2022-2023学年牛津译林版高中英语必修第一册

句子成分和基本句子结构 句子成分 句子的主要成分有主语(S),谓语(V),宾语(O),表语(P),定语(Attr),状语(A),补语(C)等。 1. 主语:指句子所谈论的主体 Learning English well isn’t as hard as you think. 2. 谓语:说明主语所做的主要动作或主语的特征和状态(由动词来表示) The students are playing football on the playground. ( Be 动词 (am, is, are) 感官动词 (taste, look, sound, smell, feel , ) 表示变化的词 (keep, stay, turn, get) 其它: seem, make )补充:哪些词作谓语? ( (1) 系动词 (2) 情态动词 (can, can’t, could, must, mustn’t, should, shouldn’t, may, might, need, have to 等 ) (3) 实义动词 ( run , invite, help, design, row, raise, grow 等 ) ) 动词分类 3. 宾语:指动作的对象。有些动词后面可以接两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(IO),表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(DO)。 He is going to buy some bread. Could you lend me your bike? 补充:宾语跟在实义动词之后或者介词之后。 He always goes to school with me. 4. 表语:连系动词后面的成分称为表语。 I feel much better. 5. 定语:修饰名词或代词 The woman who is talking with a foreigner is our sales manager. Jingjiang is a beautiful city. 6. 状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。 He sat there quietly. He practices spoken English every morning. 7. 补语:补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状况,分为主语补语和宾语补语。 He asked me to come back soon