考点串讲01 句子成分与八大基本句子结构(精讲精练)-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲(译林版2020)

2024-09-24
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语译林版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 基本句型,句子成分
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2024-2025
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2024-09-24
更新时间 2024-09-29
作者 TP-lucky
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2024-09-24
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来源 学科网

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专题01句子成分与八大基本句子结构(考点串讲)   句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分),常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语,对主语进行描述,通常位于句子后面(部分),谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当,必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外,介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗? He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后,是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的,常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前,故称之为前置定语;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后,故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语,用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞,我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞,走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语+谓语(SV)(谓语动词为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义) The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 2. 主谓宾: 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)(谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,它必须跟一个宾语) We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人? 3. 主系表: 主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)(谓语动词是系动词) 变化类系动词:become/grow/run/get/fal (终止类系动词:prove/turn out) This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)(谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语),前一个为间接宾语(通常指人),后一个为直接宾语(通常指物))(句子结构可以是: “主+谓+间宾+直宾”或“主+谓+直宾+to/for+间宾”。) Mr. Smith lent me his car.=Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.=Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 5. 主谓宾补: 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)(谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词) The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想? I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 提醒:可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语+谓语+状语(SVA)(谓语动词也为不及物动词,但其后必须带有状语,否则结构不全,意义不完整。) They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 7. 主谓宾状: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)(谓语动词是及物动词,其后不但必须有宾语,而且宾语之后必须带状语)。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子(there为引导词,无词义;be为谓语动词,根据情况可以有单复数的变化,也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。) [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词,本身无词义。动词be是谓语,有时态变化,也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 句子成分与划分主干是中考基础知识部分会涉及到的一类重要考点。在复杂成分的句子中学生容易分析不准确,造成主干划分失误。 1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:不管任务有多难,我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知,该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句,主语为“we”,谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”,“this month”为句子的宾语,划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意:奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知,该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 3.Trees turn green when spring comes. A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:当春天来临时,树木变绿。分析句子结构可知,Trees为主语,turn为系动词,green为表语;when spring comes为时间状语从句,状语从句中spring为主语,comes为谓语。故选A项。 4.He made it clear that he would leave the city. A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语,made是谓语,it是形式宾语,clear是宾语补足语,that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 5.He broke a piece of glass. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查成分。句意:他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语,主语为he;a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 二.写出下面句子的基本句型。 1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 【答案】1.主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:您的航班将在下午5点起飞。“Your flight”为句子的主语,“will leave”为句子的谓语,“at 5:00 pm”为句子的时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)。 2.She loves the library because she loves books. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她喜欢图书馆,因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语,“loves”为句子的谓语,“the library”为句子的宾语,“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)。 3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 【答案】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa”为句子的主语,“often”为频率副词作状语,“tells”为句子的谓语,“us”为间接宾语,“stories”为直接宾语,“about Chairman Mao”为“stories”的后置定语,“on Sundays”为时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)。 4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 【答案】主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:没有老师的帮助,做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help”为句子的主语,“is”为系动词,“very difficult”为表语。故答案为:主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)。 5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She”为句子的主语,“likes”为谓语,“the children”为宾语,“to read newspapers and books”为宾语补足语,“in the reading-room”为地点状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A)。 一、单项选择 1.All of us considered him honest. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语 2.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.定语 3.Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3198 metres above sea level. A.主语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.状语 4.By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful world. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 5.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 6.The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. A.主语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. A.状语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语 8.You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 9.This is where we disagree with each other. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 10. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.状语 11.They sent the injured to hospital. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.状语 二. 判断下列教材中句子的画线部分在句中所作的成分 1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 2.In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 3.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. 4.Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 5.A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 6.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 二.画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1.All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. 2.Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. 3.Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 4.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 5.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. 6.The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. 7.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. 8.Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday. 三.选出下面句子的基本句型,把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A.主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B.主谓宾补(SVOC) C.主系表(SVP)    D.主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2.She loves the library because she loves books. 3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 四.完成句子 1.One of the requirements of this post is to be able to travel frequently and work (在巨大的压力下). We were when we reached the top of the mountain. 3.The influence of Roman architecture is throughout the city. 罗马建筑的影响在整个城市中显而易见。 4.Sharing personal information online is an invitation for identity theft if not done securely. 如果不安全地分享个人信息,那无异于是邀请身份盗窃。 5.The theater owner allowed free rehearsals to the struggling production company. 剧院老板出于好心允许这家挣扎中的制作公司免费排练。 6.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来,我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . 7.对于那些很少在公众场合讲话的人来说,克服害羞是相当困难的。 for those people who seldom speak in public. 8.Everyone should be taught to be honest and responsible and (你也不例外). 9.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来,我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . 10.The artist after spending days perfecting the sculpture. 艺术家连续数天完善雕塑后感到筋疲力尽。 11.The artist because the deadline for the exhibition was approaching fast. 艺术家因为展览的截止日期临近而倍感压力。 12.他们不可能给你提供这个机会的。(question) It for them to offer you the chance. 13.We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子) 14.We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子) 15.She’s a wonderful skater; ______________________ (她的水平是一流的). (technique) ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01句子成分与八大基本句子结构(考点串讲)   句子成分与八大基本句子结构 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主要有下面的七种基本成分。 1. 主语(subject) 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分),常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 2. 谓语(verb) 谓语,对主语进行描述,通常位于句子后面(部分),谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当,必须体现为某一时态形式。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。 He will come next week. 他下星期来。 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。 3. 宾语(object) 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。故宾语一般放在及物动词之后。另外,介词后也会跟宾语。宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句等充当。 Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗? He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做个好梦。 We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要知道其他人在做什么。 4. 表语(predicative) 表语在系动词之后,是用来说明主语的。表语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 Everything here is expensive. 这里的一切东西都很贵。 The match became very exciting. 比赛变得非常激烈。 This map may be of great help. 这张地图可能有很大帮助。 His plan is to seek work in the city. 他的计划是到城里找工作。 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 我的第一个想法是你应该隐藏你的感情。 5. 定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰名词、代词的,常译为“……的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前,故称之为前置定语;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后,故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)及从句等充当。 They are women workers. 她们是女工。 Mary is a beautiful girl. 玛丽是一个漂亮的女孩。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 I have nothing to eat. 我没有东西吃。 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人在这里签名。 6. 补语(complement) 补语分为主语补语和宾语补语,用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部主席。 They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 We try to make our country strong. 我们努力使我们的国家强大。 We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切都井井有条。 I should advise you to get the chance. 我劝你争取这个机会。 I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。 7. 状语(adverbial) 状语表示谓语行为的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I left the village five years ago. 我五年前离开了这个村庄。 I arrived late because of the traffic jam. 因为交通堵塞,我迟到了。 We'll have to get up early to catch the train. 我们得早起去赶火车。 The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 学生们边唱歌边跳舞,走进了教室。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 八大基本句子结构 1. 主谓: 主语+谓语(SV)(谓语动词为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义) The door closed.门关了。 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。 2. 主谓宾: 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)(谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,它必须跟一个宾语) We teach English. 我们教英语。 Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人? 3. 主系表: 主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)(谓语动词是系动词) 变化类系动词:become/grow/run/get/fal (终止类系动词:prove/turn out) This is an EnglishChinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 Her face turned red. 她的脸红了。 4. 主谓宾宾: 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)(谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语),前一个为间接宾语(通常指人),后一个为直接宾语(通常指物))(句子结构可以是: “主+谓+间宾+直宾”或“主+谓+直宾+to/for+间宾”。) Mr. Smith lent me his car.=Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.=Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。 5. 主谓宾补: 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)(谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词) The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 We saw him out. 我们看见他出去了。 He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想? I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 提醒:可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语: 如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。 6. 主谓状: 主语+谓语+状语(SVA)(谓语动词也为不及物动词,但其后必须带有状语,否则结构不全,意义不完整。) They lived in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 The girl disappeared in the distance. 女孩在远处消失了。 7. 主谓宾状: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)(谓语动词是及物动词,其后不但必须有宾语,而且宾语之后必须带状语)。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸。 She put all the books on the desk.她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 8. 存现句: 引导词there引导的句子(there为引导词,无词义;be为谓语动词,根据情况可以有单复数的变化,也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。) [名师点津]there在该结构中是个引导词,本身无词义。动词be是谓语,有时态变化,也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。 There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There lived a temple on the hill. 在山上有座庙宇。 句子成分与划分主干是中考基础知识部分会涉及到的一类重要考点。在复杂成分的句子中学生容易分析不准确,造成主干划分失误。 1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:不管任务有多难,我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知,该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句,主语为“we”,谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”,“this month”为句子的宾语,划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意:奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知,该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 3.Trees turn green when spring comes. A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:当春天来临时,树木变绿。分析句子结构可知,Trees为主语,turn为系动词,green为表语;when spring comes为时间状语从句,状语从句中spring为主语,comes为谓语。故选A项。 4.He made it clear that he would leave the city. A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语,made是谓语,it是形式宾语,clear是宾语补足语,that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 5.He broke a piece of glass. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查成分。句意:他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语,主语为he;a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 二.写出下面句子的基本句型。 1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 【答案】1.主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:您的航班将在下午5点起飞。“Your flight”为句子的主语,“will leave”为句子的谓语,“at 5:00 pm”为句子的时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)。 2.She loves the library because she loves books. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她喜欢图书馆,因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语,“loves”为句子的谓语,“the library”为句子的宾语,“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)。 3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 【答案】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa”为句子的主语,“often”为频率副词作状语,“tells”为句子的谓语,“us”为间接宾语,“stories”为直接宾语,“about Chairman Mao”为“stories”的后置定语,“on Sundays”为时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)。 4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 【答案】主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:没有老师的帮助,做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help”为句子的主语,“is”为系动词,“very difficult”为表语。故答案为:主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)。 5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A) 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She”为句子的主语,“likes”为谓语,“the children”为宾语,“to read newspapers and books”为宾语补足语,“in the reading-room”为地点状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A)。 一、单项选择 1.All of us considered him honest. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我们都认为他是诚实的。分析句子可知,All of us在本句中作主语; considered为谓语;him为宾语;honest为宾补,对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。 2.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:日本制造的汽车比德国制造的汽车更好。本句为主系表结构。划线词为非谓语动词,为过去分词作后置定语。表示“日本制造的汽车”。故选D。 3.Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3198 metres above sea level. A.主语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:青海湖是中国最大的内陆咸水湖,海拔3198米。the largest inland body of salt water in China是主语Qinghai Lake的同位语,对主语补充说明,故选B。 4.By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful world. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句法成分。句意:通过打开一本小说,我可以放下我的负担,进入一个美妙的世界。本句中By opening a novel为方式状语,主语为I,画线部分由情态动词can和动词短语leave behind构成,为谓语,其后的my burdens为宾语;并列连词and表顺承关系,连接并列的谓语动词enter 。故选B。 5.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查成分。句意:站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。划线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词girl。故选D。 6.The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. A.主语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:成功的秘诀在于从零开始并坚持不懈。划线词作主语,为主系表结构,不定式作表语。故选A。 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. A.状语 B.同位语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我们不久将把我们的城市建设成与你们的城市一样。此处是“make+宾语+宾补”结构,our city是宾语,what your city is now是宾语补足语,故选D。 8.You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:你会在高中享受个人成长。you是主语;will enjoy是谓语;personal growth是宾语;at high school是状语。故填C项。 9.This is where we disagree with each other. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:这就是我们意见不一致的地方。this是主语;is是系动词;where we disagree with each other是where引导的表语从句。故选D项。 10. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.状语 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意:如果我明天不忙,我就和你一起踢足球。划线部分为if引导的条件状语从句,作状语,故选D。 11.They sent the injured to hospital. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.状语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:他们把伤员送到医院。the injured表示“受伤的人,伤员”,用于动词sent后,作句子宾语。故选C项。 二. 判断下列教材中句子的画线部分在句中所作的成分 1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 2.In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 3.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. 4.Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 5.A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 6.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 【答案】1.表语 2.宾语 3.宾语 4.宾语 5.表语 6.宾语 【解析】 1.考查句子成分。句意:最重要的是,使用肢体语言的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。using body language in a way位于be动词后,是动名词短语作表语,故填“表语”。 2.考查句子成分。句意:在法国,遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。meaning zero是动名词短语作介词as的宾语,故填“宾语”。 3.考查句子成分。句意:然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免做这个手势,因为这被认为是不礼貌的。making this gesture是动名词短语作avoid的宾语,故填“宾语”。 4.考查句子成分。句意:在其他地方,人们喜欢在见到别人时握手、鞠躬或点头。shaking hands是动名词短语作动词favour的宾语,故填“宾语”。 5.考查句子成分。句意:说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是饭后用手在肚子上转圈圈。moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal位于be动词后,是动名词短语作表语,故填“表语”。 6.考查句子成分。句意:如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。seeing the smiling face of a good friend是动名词短语作介词than的宾语,故填“宾语”。 二.画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能 1.All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. 2.Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. 3.Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. 4.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 5.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. 6.The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. 7.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. 8.Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday. 【答案】 1.All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest. NP(主语)                            NP(宾语) 24.Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them. NP(主语)                   AdjP(表语) 25.Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. AdjP(状语)                NP(宾语) NP(宾语) 26.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China. AdjP(宾补)         NP(主语)          AdjP(表语) 2.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. AdvP(修饰动词was raining)   NP(宾语) 3.The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. NP(主语)   NP(宾语)     AdjP(表语)           NP(宾语) 4.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. NP(主语) AdjP(表语)  AdvP(修饰动词understand) NP(主语) 30.Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday. NP(同位语)                  NP(宾语) 【解析】 1.考查句子成分。句意:所有的学生都被邀请参加英语演讲比赛。分析句子结构可知,“All the students”是名词短语,作主语;“the English speech contest”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为All the students (NP(主语)),the English speech contest (NP(宾语))。 2.考查句子成分。句意:大多数小孩子天生对周围的一切都好奇。分析句子结构可知,“Most of the little children”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“naturally curious about everything around them”是形容词短语,作表语。故答案为Most of the little children(NP(主语)),naturally curious about everything around them(AdjP(表语))。 3.考查句子成分。句意:无论晴雨,他六点钟起床,到公园里散步。分析句子结构可知,“Wet or fine”是形容词短语,作状语;“a walk”是名词短语,作宾语;“the park”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为Wet or fine(AdjP(状语)),a walk(NP(宾语)),the park(NP(宾语))。 4.考查句子成分。句意:我发现数学非常简单和有趣,因为英国的教材没有中国先进。分析句子结构可知,“quite easy and enjoyable”是形容词短语,作宾语补足语;“the teaching material”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“less advanced”是形容词短语,作表语。故答案为quite easy and enjoyable(AdjP(宾补) ),the teaching material( NP(主语)),less advanced(AdjP(表语))。 5.考查句子成分。句意:我们搬家的那天雨下得很大。分析句子结构可知,“very heavily”是副词短语,作状语,修饰was raining;“the day we moved”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为very heavily(AdvP(修饰动词was raining)),the day we moved(NP(宾语))。 6.考查句子成分。句意:男孩走进一家又大又整洁的鞋店,买了一双鞋。分析句子结构可知,“The boy”是名词短语,作主语;“a shoe store”是名词短语,作宾语;由系动词可知,“big and tidy”是形容词短语,作表语;“a pair of shoes”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为The boy(NP(主语)),a shoe store(NP(宾语)),big and tidy(AdjP(表语)),a pair of shoes(NP(宾语))。 7.考查句子成分。句意:这个男孩太小,听不懂他妈妈说的话。分析句子结构可知,“The boy”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“too young”是形容词短语,作表语;“clearly enough”是副词短语,作状语,修饰动词understand;“his mother”是名词短语,作what引导的宾语从句中的主语。故答案为The boy(NP(主语)),too young(AdjP(表语)),clearly enough(AdvP(修饰动词understand)),his mother(NP(主语))。 8.考查句子成分。句意:我们学校的校长史密斯先生将出席下星期五举行的一个会议。分析句子结构可知,“the head teacher of our school”是名词短语,作Mr Smith的同位语;“a meeting to be held next Friday”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为the head teacher of our school(NP(同位语)),a meeting to be held next Friday(NP(宾语))。 三.选出下面句子的基本句型,把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A.主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B.主谓宾补(SVOC) C.主系表(SVP)    D.主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2.She loves the library because she loves books. 3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 【答案】1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B 【解析】68.考查句子成分。句意:您的航班将于下午5点起飞。分析句子可知,Your flight 为主语;will leave为谓语;at 5:00 pm为时间状语。故选D项。 69.考查句子成分。句意:她喜欢图书馆,因为她喜欢书。分析句子可知,She为主语;loves 为谓语;the library 为宾语;because she loves books为原因状语。故选E项。 70.考查句子成分。句意:我们爷爷经常在星期天告诉我们讲毛主席的故事。分析句子可知,Our grandpa为主语; tells为谓语; us为间接宾语;stories about Chairman Mao 为直接宾语。故选A项。 71.考查句子成分。句意:没有老师的帮助做今天的家庭作业很难。分析句子可知,To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help 为主语;is为系动词; very difficult为表语。故选C项。 72.考查句子成分。句意:她喜欢孩子们在阅览室看报纸和书。分析句子可知,She为主语; likes为谓语; the children 为宾语; to read newspapers and books in the reading-room为宾补。故选B项。 四.完成句子 1.One of the requirements of this post is to be able to travel frequently and work (在巨大的压力下). 【答案】under great pressure 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:这个职位的其中一个要求就是能够频繁出差,并在巨大压力下工作。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处应用短语under great pressure“在巨大的压力下”作状语,修饰动词work,故填under great pressure。 2.到达山顶时,我们气喘吁吁。 We were when we reached the top of the mountain. 【答案】out of breath 【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语“气喘吁吁”为out of breath,作表语。故填out of breath。 3.The influence of Roman architecture is throughout the city. 罗马建筑的影响在整个城市中显而易见。 【答案】in evidence 【详解】考查介词。“显而易见”为“in evidence”,作表语。故填in evidence。 4.Sharing personal information online is an invitation for identity theft if not done securely. 如果不安全地分享个人信息,那无异于是邀请身份盗窃。 【答案】no more than 【详解】考查固定短语。本题考查固定短语no more than,意为“只不过;仅仅”,作状语。故填no more than。 5.The theater owner allowed free rehearsals to the struggling production company. 剧院老板出于好心允许这家挣扎中的制作公司免费排练。 【答案】out of kindness 【详解】考查介词短语。“出于好心”为短语out of kindness,作状语,故填out of kindness。 6.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来,我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . 【答案】that we saw Lily in the passenger seat 【详解】考查强调句型。结合汉语意思,同时分析句子成分可以发现,本句是一个强调句型,强调句式的构成是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其它”,本句中强调部分是时间状语从句“only when the car pulled up in front of our house”,填入that符合题意。句子在陈述过去的事实,为一般过去时。“我们”为we;“看到”为see;“莉莉”为Lily,为主谓宾结构。“在乘客位置”为in the passenger seat,作状语。故填that we saw Lily in the passenger seat。 7.对于那些很少在公众场合讲话的人来说,克服害羞是相当困难的。 for those people who seldom speak in public. 【答案】Overcoming shyness is quite difficult 【详解】考查动名词做主语和句子结构。空处为主系表结构,此处主语应用动名词形式,克服害羞为“overcome shyness”,首字母大写;是为“is”;相当困难的为“quite difficult”。故填Overcoming shyness is quite difficult。 8.Everyone should be taught to be honest and responsible and (你也不例外). 【答案】you are no exception 【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意:每个人都应该被教导要诚实和有责任心,你也不例外。“你也不例外”在陈述事实,为一般现在时,且为主系表结构。不例外为“ no exception”。故填you are no exception。 9.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来,我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . 【答案】that we saw Lily in the passenger seat 【详解】考查强调句型。结合汉语意思,同时分析句子成分可以发现,本句是一个强调句型,强调句式的构成是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其它”,本句中强调部分是时间状语从句“only when the car pulled up in front of our house”,填入that符合题意。句子在陈述过去的事实,为一般过去时。“我们”为we;“看到”为see;“莉莉”为Lily,为主谓宾结构。“在乘客位置”为in the passenger seat,作状语。故填that we saw Lily in the passenger seat。 10.The artist after spending days perfecting the sculpture. 艺术家连续数天完善雕塑后感到筋疲力尽。 【答案】felt worn out 【详解】考查动词和形容词短语。根据汉语提示可知,句子需要系动词feel“感到”,本句陈述过去的事实,所以用一般过去时态。worn out“筋疲力尽的,形容词短语作表语。故填felt worn out。 11.The artist because the deadline for the exhibition was approaching fast. 艺术家因为展览的截止日期临近而倍感压力。 【答案】was stressed out 【详解】考查形容词短语。根据汉语提示可知,空处可用短语be stressed out“压力过大”。根据从句中的“was approaching”可知,本句话表示过去的状态,所以用一般过去时态,主语为单数。故填was stressed out。 12.他们不可能给你提供这个机会的。(question) It for them to offer you the chance. 【答案】is out of the question 【详解】考查短语。固定短语:out of the question(不可能的);it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故填is out of the question。 13.We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子) 【答案】We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 【详解】分析原句可知,find后是that引导的宾语从句,将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构,其中“宾语”是形式宾语,用it,important做宾补,说明宾语的性质或状态,句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 14.We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子) 【答案】We believe him to be honest. 【详解】分析原句可知,believe后是that引导的宾语从句,将句子转换为"believe+宾语+宾补"结构,其中“宾语”是him,honest做him的补足语,故改为We believe him to be honest. 15.She’s a wonderful skater; ______________________ (她的水平是一流的). (technique) 【答案】her technique is superb 【详解】考查形容词。句意:她是个很棒的滑冰运动员;她的技术很高超。本句话使用主系表结构。根据提示可知,“她的水平”的英文表达为“her technique”,在句中作主语。句子描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态,be动词用is。“一流的”可用形容词“superb”,在句中作表语。故填her technique is superb。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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考点串讲01 句子成分与八大基本句子结构(精讲精练)-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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考点串讲01 句子成分与八大基本句子结构(精讲精练)-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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考点串讲01 句子成分与八大基本句子结构(精讲精练)-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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