第一部分 专题六 情态动词与虚拟语气-【成功方案】2027年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习学生用书

6.washing考查非谓语动词。句意：邱的方法包括用温水 4.could考查情态动词。句意：我们在果蝇大脑中发现的 清洗以分离胶质来修复纸张，这一做法当场震惊了在场 原理—逻辑和组织—可能与人类大脑中的原理相 的人。include后接动词时应用动名词形式作宾语。 同。根据空后动词原形be可知，空格处应填入情态动 7.shocked考查动词时态。句意：同上。本句描述过去发 词。根据句意，此处表示推测，意为“可能”。故填could。 生的事件，应用一般过去时，主语Qiu's methods与 5.must考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必 shock之间为主动关系。 须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结 8.completely考查副词。句意：大英博物馆馆长罗森夫 构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动 人对邱锦仙令人难以置信的技艺感到非常震惊。修饰 词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得 形容词amazed应用副词completely. stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间 9.to restore考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代绘画因尺 的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办 幅大、材料复杂、色彩多样、构图丰富而难以修复。此处 法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 为“be difficult to do”结构，不定式用主动形式表被动 6.shall考查情态动词。句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒， 含义。 学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一，点大家都已接受。在 10.an考查冠词。句意：修复是一个极其耗费时间和精 第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。 力的过程。process为可数名词，此处泛指“一个过程”， 故填shall。 且extremely以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 7.must句意：为什么我做作业的时候你总是要打断我？ 专题六情态动词与虚拟语气 句子强调对方在自己做作业这个特定时间总是打断自 己这一行为，带有一种抱怨的语气，应用情态动词must 走进高考 表示“偏偏、非得”，用来表达说话人对对方反复做某事 l.be treated考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊 的厌烦情绪。 重，应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat'“对 8.shll句意：依据社团规章，每位成员必须遵守条例、尊 待”构成被动关系，用be treated表被动，且位于情态动 重其他成员。用于规章制度、条约中，表示强制规定，意 词should后，be用原形。故填be treated。 为“应当、必须”，用shall。 2.be done考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地 9.must考查情态动词表推测。句意：她一定挣了很多 方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词 钱，因为她昨天又买了一辆新车。解析：根据“for she do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动 bought a second new car yesterday'”(因为她昨天又买了 语态，故填be done. 一辆新车)可知，这是基于她买车这一事实对她挣钱情 3.be offered考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然 况的肯定推测。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定 而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时 推测，意为“一定做过某事”，must在句中表达这种强烈 能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”， 的肯定推测语气。故填must。 和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausa- 10.needn't have come考查情态动词的完成式用法。句 ges。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填beof- 意：你本不必专程来我办公室的：我本可以通过邮件把 fered, 文件发给你。根据后句“我本可邮件发送文件”可知， 4.be employed考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的 前句强调“专程跑来”的行为没有必要，需用“needn't 抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们 have十过去分词”结构表示“本不必做却做了某事”。故 对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与 填needn't have come employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词 二虚拟语气 can后接动词原形。故填be employed. 1.were;would take对现在虚拟，if从句be动词一律用 5.would have had句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否 were;主句用would十动词原形。句意：如果我是你，我 则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据 会抓住这次机会。 missed可知，此处是与过去事实相反的假设。其主句结 2.studied;could pass now提示与现在事实相反，从句谓 构为：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时 语用过去式，主句could十动词原形。 十其他。 3.had come;would have met yesterday表过去，从句用 基础演练 had done,主句would have done。实际昨天没来，没见到 一情态动词 朋友。 1.may/might句意：这种药可能正在被送去测试，但我不 4.wouldn't have missed;had got this morning为过去时 确定。根据句意可知，此处表示“推测”，且根据后文“T'm 间，对过去虚拟，从句had done,主句would have done。. not sure”,此处表示不太确定的推测，故应用情态动词 5.should raing;would put tomorrow对将来虚拟，从句可 may/might'“可能”。 用should do,主句would-十动词原形。 2.can/could句意：史密斯先生做什么事都准时。他怎么 6.were to fly;might take对将来不可能发生的事虚拟，从 可能在重要会议上迟到了呢？“How can/could it be 句用were to do,.主句might-十动词原形。 that.”是常用句型，表示“怎么可能…”，用于表达对 7.Were原句If I were free,省略if,把were提前构成 已发生事情的惊讶或难以置信。其中“can”和“could'”均可 倒装。 表示可能性，“oould”语气稍显委婉或更强调惊讶程度。 8.Had原句If he had known the truth,省略if,had提前 3.might/may句意：雨后路面很滑。我可能会因为这个 倒装。 原因而晚，点到达约会地，点，所以请等我一下。此处表示 9.would have failed last term为过去时间，without表“要 推测、可能性可用might或may。 是没有”，含蓄对过去虚拟，用would have done。. 251 lO.would arrive now表现在，but for含蓄虚拟现在，主句 9.paid/should pay句意：我们早该重视山区孩童的教育 would do。 问题了。It's high time that从句固定虚拟，谓语用过去 l1.would have helped前面过去时，otherwise暗示过去本 式或should do(should不可省略)。 可以帮忙却没帮，对过去虚拟。 l0.would have suffered句意：要不是智能农田传感器，去 12.would be对将来情况虚拟，or相当于if we don't 年夏天旱灾会让农户蒙受巨大损失。but for含蓄虚 hurry up,主句would do。 拟，对过去事实虚拟，用would have done。 l3.(should)finish suggest表“建议”，宾语从句用 (should)do虚拟。 1.should情态动词：句意“如果你想要减少碳排放，在家 14.(should)be insist表“坚决要求”，从句使用(should) 就应该避免浪费电”，情态动词should表示“应该”，提建 十动词原形。 议。 l5.(should)attend固定句型It is necessary that...,从 2.will reduce时态：by changing daily lifestyles表通过改 句用(should)doa 变生活方式将会产生的结果，将来含义，填will reduce。 l6.(should)miss It is a pity that从句，虚拟结构 3.keeping非谓语：现在分词作伴随状语，主语many fam- (should)十动词原形。 ilies和keep为主动关系，填keeping。 17.could now与现在相反，wish从句用一般过去时；can 三 对应过去式could。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇励志哲理记叙文。文章围 18.hadn't made yesterday与过去事实相反，wish从句用 绕挫折与成长展开，打破学生惧怕失败的心态，阐述失败 had done. 的教育意义与成长价值，传递积极的成长观。 19.knew主句一般现在时，与现在事实相反，从句用过 1.A动词辨析。很多青少年惧怕失败，想方设法规避风 去式 险与挑战。avoid规避；take承担；face面对；create创 20.had heard just now过去时间，与过去事实相反，从句 造。故选A。 用had done。 2.B名词辩析。人们将失败视为软弱、无能的象征。 2l.stayed would rather十主语，对现在/将来虚拟，从句用 weakness弱，点；strength优势；luck运气；honor荣誉。 动词过去式。 故选B。 22.hadn't told yesterday对过去虚拟，从句用had done。. 3.C名词辨析。失败是青少年最好的老师，让人成长。 23.went/should go固定句型，从句谓语用动词过去式或 teacher老师；burden负担；reward奖励；barrier障碍。 should+动词原形(should不可省)。 故选C 24.made/should make同上，表“早该做决定了”，使用虚 4.A名词辨析。每一次失败都能带来宝贵的经验。ex 拟语气。 perience经验；pressure压力；praise赞扬；trouble麻烦。 创新演练 故选A。 5.B动词辨析。复盘不足、调整方法。adjust调整；repeat l.had carried句意：如果研究人员早一个月开展实验，他 重复；abandon地弃；remember记住。故选B。 们本可以发现这款全新草药配方。主句would have 6.A形容词辨析。敢于直面失败的人更有可能收获成 done提示对过去虚拟，从句用had done结构。 功。likely可能的：unwilling不情愿的：unable不能的： 2.had broken句意：这幅破损古画看上去仿佛多年前就 uncertain不确定的。故选A。 碎成了碎片。asf引导虚拟语气，“碎掉”发生在主句谓 7.C短语辨析。畏惧退缩、逃避困难就无法成长进步」 语之前，对过去虚拟用had done。 shrink from退缩；insist on坚持；stick to坚守；turn to求 3.couldn't have achieved句意：倘若没有大推力运载火 助。故选C。 箭，我们去年不可能顺利完成登月任务。without引导 8.C副词辨析。勇敢面对挫折是学生必备能力。bravely 含蓄虚拟，时间状语last year表对过去虚拟，用couldn't 勇敢地；casually随意地；negatively消极地；secretly秘密 have done. 地。故选C。 4.(should)be recorded句意：有人建议将这项古老技艺 9.B动词辨析。冷静接纳失败、分析原因、吸取教训。c 录制为数字影像留给后人。suggest表“建议”，宾语从句 cept接纳；refuse拒绝；ignore忽视；fear畏惧。故选B。 用(should)do;技艺是被记录，被动语态(should) l0.A动词辨析。不要让失败击垮自己。defeat击败；in be recorded。 spire激励；encourage鼓励；motivate驱动。故选A. 5.had protected句意：如果我们早些好好保护湿地，珍稀 1l.B动词辨析。借由失败完善自我、变得更强。improve 水鸟如今就不会逐渐消失。错综虚拟：从句对过去虚拟 提升；relax放松；treat对待；forgive原谅。故选B。 (had done)),主句对现在虚拟(would do)。 12.C动词辨析。成长从不意味着永不失败。fail失败； 6.had invested句意：我真希望政府去年能投入更多资金 study学习；progress进步；try尝试。故选C。 保护古籍。would rather后从句，谈及过去的愿望，虚拟 13.A动词辨析。成长是不断纠错、自我蜕变的过程。 语气用had done, transform蜕变；doubt怀疑；hide隐藏；forgive原谅。 7.had been applied句意：倘若十年前太阳能就得到广泛 故选A。 应用，如今碳排放会低很多。错综虚拟，从句对过去虚 14.B名词辨析。失败意味着需要更多时间与耐心打磨 拟，能源与应用为被动，填had been applied。 自己。time时间；money金钱；freedom自由；award奖 8.had grown句意：这位青年创作者谈起剪纸，仿佛自幼 项。故选B。 成长在民间艺术古村。实际并非如此，as though对过去 15.A动词辨析。勇敢拥抱失败，终会收获成功。achieve 事实虚拟，用had grown。 获得；abandon放弃；witness见证。故选A。 252 专题七动词的时态和语态 5.has worked/.has been working考查动词时态。句意： 自1994年以来，圣地亚哥动物园一直与四川保护中心合 走进高考 作开展物种行为和疾病预防的合作研究。此处时间状 1.were考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯 语是Since1994,因此可以使用现在完成时has worked 都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语， 或现在完成进行时has been working,表示动作发生在 时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态，主语“trans- 过去持续到现在，或者持续到将来。故填has worked/, portation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式。 has been working. 2.to be held考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统 6.have been organizing考查现在完成进行时与主谓一 节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。 致。句意：地方政府自2018年以来一直在学校组织免费 固定句型“itis十adj.+for sb./th.to do sth.”中不定 表演，帮助学生了解皮影戏的文化意义。根据时间状语 式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代 since2018和语境“一直组织”可知，此处需用现在完成 Dai)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。 进行时；主语local governments为复数，助动词用have。 3.are revealed;tries第一空，考查动词语态。句意：她补 故填have been organizing。 充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会 7.is shifting考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国不再只关 暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时， 注数量，而是正在向质量和创新转型。根据“is now un- 且主语The players'personalities与动词reveal'“揭示，显 dergoing”及语境可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动 示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语 作，应用现在进行时；主语China为第三人称单数，be动 态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。第二 词用is。 空，考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是 8.is cycling考查时态。句意：一天，当她骑自行车去学校 尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊 的时候，她遇到了一个名叫Souta的英俊学生，他原来是 重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般 一个“关闭者” 一个负责“关闭另一个世界的门”的 现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语 人。该空是从句谓语动词，动作cycle是由she发出，She 需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 和cycle是主动关系，后文主句谓语bumps用的是一般 4.w阳ks考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的 现在时，该空表正在进行的动作，因此这里要用现在进 丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的 旅程…。walk sb.through意为“带领某人穿过…”， 行时。故填is cycling。. 9.will make考查一般将来时。句意：毫无疑问，互联网 空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般 现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应 将使我们的生活更方便在很多方面在未来。that引导同 位语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，且与其主语the In 用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 ternet之间为主动关系：根据时间状语in the future可 5.being pushed考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市 的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就 知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will make。. 像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某 l0.will support考查谓语动词。句意：我想在明天的会 事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被 议上大多数家长都会支持这个新计划。此空为宾语从 动形式，作宾语」 句的谓语动词，根据时间状语tomorrow可知，此处应 基础演练 为一般将来时，结合句意，support与主语most parents l.creates考查时态。句意：雄伟的苍山与温柔的洱海之 之间为主动关系。故填will support。 间奇妙的相互映衬，共同构成了一幅生动的自然画卷， 11.will have found考查时态。句意：到2030年，科学家 为审美教育提供了理想的背景 一一个与大自然亲密 们将找到一种更有效的方法来解决环境问题。根据时 接触、领略永恒之美的机会。陈述事实用一般现在时， 间状语“By the year2030”可知，此处强调动作在将来 主语为interaction,谓语用三单形式。 的时间(2030年)前完成，应用将来完成时。故填w山 2.requires考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“文化吸引力不 have found。 需要翻译，”媒体指出，强调了向真正参与的转变。r 12.will have finished考查时态。句意：马丁从星期一开 quire(需要)在句中作谓语，与主语Cultural appeal之间 始就非常努力地做报告，他相信他能在星期五之前完 是主动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，主语 成。由句意可知，“by Friday'”是将来的时间词，完成报 是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 告会在将来的周五前完成，所以用将来完成时，即w山 3.have expressed考查时态。句意：已有20多家国内太 have finished。故填will have finished。 阳能企业表示愿意与研究团队合作，加速产业化进程」 l3.will be gathering考查时态。句意：下周末的这个时 空处作句子的谓语，此处表示已经发生的事情对现在的 候，全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家，享受一顿美味的自 影响，应用现在完成时，主语Over20 domestic solar 制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间，点”(Next weekend companies是复数，助动词用have。 at this time)正在发生的动作，强调将来具体时刻的持 4.has traveled/has travelled考查动词时态和主谓一致。 续状态，需用将来进行时(will be十现在分词)，故填 句意：自2021年进入清华大学以来，他在中国各地进行 will be gathering。 了广泛旅行，访问了上海、山西、浙江、新疆和内蒙古，亲 l4.will be having考查时态。句意：明天晚上7点到8点 自体验了这个国家的地区和民族文化。since引导时间 之间你最好不要给经理打电话；那时他将有一个重要 状语从句（或介词短语）时，主句通常用现在完成时，表 的会议。根据between7and8 tomorrow evening可知， 示从过去开始持续到现在的动作。主语为he,故填has 此处是指未来具体时刻正在发生的事情，故用将来进 traveled(美式拼写)或has travelled(英式拼写). 行时will be doing,故填will be having。 253艺考生文化课成功方案 专题六情态动 走进高考 l.(2025·八省联考卷)Every language is worthy of respect and should (treat)equally. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do)with such a beautiful place?They wondered out loud. 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)However,though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer)in smaller packs. 4.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ)today to draw attention to important truths. 5.(2ol9·江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sight seeing,or we (have)a good time together. 考点梳理 考点一表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生 的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并 不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以 说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定 句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事 情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） We may go to the cinema tonight,but we are not sure yet. 今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。（实际可 能性，不用can) 34 词与虚拟语气 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性 (1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次 比较： 词形 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 must 必定，必然 / should 按说应该 应该不会 ought to 按说应该 应该不会 can 不可能 有可能吗？ 语气比 could 微弱的可能 不可能 can弱 也未可知， may 或许，也许 可能不 也说不定 比may not might 比may还弱 还弱 (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may,must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑问句或 感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；coud 既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 常见： 肯定句must>should>may>might 否定句can not>.-should not>may not>might not 疑问句can/could This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这不可能是他干的。（表不相信） This may not be done by him. 这可能不是他干的。（表不确定） Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守时。开幕式他怎 么可能会迟到呢？（表示疑惑、惊讶） I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。（表肯定） -Are you coming to Jeff's party? 你要来杰弗的聚会吗？ -I'm not sure.I might go to the concert instead. (表不确定) 我不确定，我可能要去音乐会。 考点二表示必要性 must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”。 (1)must十do sth..(现在或将来)必须做某事 (2)don't have to do sth./don't need to do sth./ needn't do sth.(现在或将来)不必做某事 (3)表示过去没必要做某事时，分为以下情况： ①neen't have done sth.本来不必做而做了某事 2didn't have to do sth./didn't need to do sth. It was not necessary to do sth.(过去) 不必做某事（不强调是否做了） You needn't have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那对你的身体没好处。 ※l.mustn't have p.p形式不存在 因为： (1)mustn't表禁止，动作未发生。 (2)must表推测，可能性全部否定用can't。 2.must近些年常考其“偏要”“非要”之意。 3.must n.必需之物；必做之事。 DWith the development of society,a computer has become a must. 2Homework seems a must for every student. should也可以表示必要性，意为“（义务上）应 该”。should表示必要性时，在语气上比must (必须)弱。“should-十动词原形”，表示现在或将 来应该做（的必要性）；“should-+have+过去分 词”，表示过去本该做（的必要性）。 3 第一部分语法知识备考 考点三表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你向对方(you)请示或提出 建议时用： DShall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we...? ②Shall he/she/hey..? ③Would/Will you..? Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外边等着可以吗？ Would you do me a favor? 请帮我一下，好吗？ 2.shall(尤其用于二、三人称时)可表示威胁、命令、 允诺、决心（涉及法律规定时常用shall) It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须待 在自己的座位上。（规则或规定） 考点四情态动词的其他用法要点 1.表能力 can本能或较容易获得的能力 be able to较难获得的能力或某种具体的能力 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个 人都逃了出去。 2.cannot but-十do sth表示“不得不/只好做某事”。 I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。 3.may well和may as well结构。 (1)“may wel+动词原形”是一种常用结构，意 为“完全能，很可能”，相当于“be very likely to十 动词原形”。 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。 (2)“may as well十动词原形”意为“最好，满可 以，倒不如”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。 5 艺考生文化课成功方案 4.cannot(或can never等)与enough连用表示 “再…也不为过”。 5.may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 can...have May you be happy. done/cannot 祝你幸福。 have done 6.should表示惊讶 wh特殊疑问句中 惊讶 that名词性从句中 常与wonder,surprise,astonish,shock,amaze, strange,curious等表吃惊的词语连用。 could have DTom looked back but who should sit behind? done Just his exwife. 汤姆回头看，可谁竟会坐在他后面？他前妻。 2It's strange that you should have arrived so early. 奇怪了，你来得这么早。 ③-That's unfair! 那不公平！ might have I'm really sorry.You should say such words. done 真遗憾。你居然说出这样的话来。 考点五 情态动词+have done 情态动词 用法 例句 +have done 表示对过去已 should/ought 经发生的行为 The ground is wet.It must have to have done 进行推测，意为 must have rained last done “一定做了某 night 事” 表示对过去已 发生行为的推 Sorry I'm late.I might 测，意为“也许 may/might have turned off the needn't have 或许已经（没 have done alarm clock and gone done 有)…”。 back to sleep again. 般用于肯定句 或否定句中。 36 1.I can't find him any- 表示对过去发 where.When can she 生的行为的怀 have gone? 疑和不肯定，通 2.The boy can't have 常用于否定句 finished reading the 和疑问句中。 book so soon because (can换成could it is difficult even to 时语气委婉) an adult. 可用于肯定句 中，表示“可能 1.He could have killed 已经…”之 himself driving at a 意，此外，还可 dangerous speed. 以表示过去能 2.You could have done 做而没有做的 better,but you were 事，“本来能够 too careless 做而没有做”。 表示本来可 1.You should not swim 能…，但实际 in that sea.You 上没有发生的 might have been eat- 事情。另外，还 en by a shark. 可以表示“本来 2.He might have given 可以做某事”之 him more help,though 意，含有轻微的 he was busy. 责备语气。 用于肯定句时， 1.You shouldn't have 表示本该做某 done it so carelessly. 事而实际上未 2.You ought to have 做，用于否定句 returned the book 时，则表示不该 earlier. 做的事反而 3.You ought not to have 做了。 refused his offer. 表示做了本来 1.You needn't have 不必去做的事， watered the plants, “没必要做而做 for it is going to 了”。注意： rain. didn't need to 2.I didn't need to buy do表示“没必要 the dictionary.I had a 做而实际上也 copy at home. 没有做某事”。 考点六虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 意义 虚拟条件句 主句 f+主语+动词过 主语+should/would/, 与现在事实 去式(be动词用 could/might+动词 相反的假设 were) 原形 主语+should/would/ 与过去事实 If+主语+had+ could/might have 相反的假设 过去分词 过去分词 ①If+主语+动 词过去式 主语+should./would/ 与将来事实 ②f+主语+were could/.might+动词 相反的假设 to十动词原形 原形 ③f+主语+ should+动词原形 If we had time now,we would read it again. 要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。（事实上 我们现在没有空) If I had taken his advice,I would not have made such a mistake, 如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。 (与过去事实相反) If she should come,I would ask her for help. 万一她来的话，我就请她帮忙。（事实上她来的 可能性很小) 使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点： 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为 所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件 句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相 应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。 2.if省略句 在条件句中如果含有were,had,should,可省略 if,把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装 句式。 37 第一部分语法知识备考 If I were at school again,I would study harder. =Were I at school again,I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。 If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.=Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早些，你就能赶上公共汽车。 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式 时，不能用动词的缩略形式。 我们可以说：Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense,I would go abroad now. 3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有 with,without,but for. Without your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,...=If it had not been for your help,...=Had it not been for your help,... 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 4.含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出 现f引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条 件句。 I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词) 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it. 他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一无 所知。（连词） I should have given you more help,but I was too busy. 我本应该帮帮你，但我（那时）太忙了。（连词） 艺考生文化课成功方案 考点七虚拟语气在其他场合的应用 1.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 (1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示 一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形 式为： “过去时（表示现在不可能实现的愿望） 过去完成时（表示过去不可能实现的愿望） could/would/.might-+动词原形（表示将来 不可能实现的愿望) I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。 -How much of the foreign expert's speech have you understood? 外国专家的演讲你懂多少？ -Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English. 一几乎什么也不懂，要是我过去更刻苦学习英 语就好了。 (2)表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令等的动词， lsuggest,recommend,insist,demand,order, require等构成的宾语从句中常用“(should+) do”结构。 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以 下的孩子骑车上学。 (3)would rather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语 气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。其谓语动词构 成形式为： 一般过去时（表示现在或将来的情况） 过去完成时（表示过去的情况） 8 George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I'd rather he focused more on its culture. 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我 宁愿他更多地谈它的文化（方面的情况）。 2.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 It's important/strange/natural/necessary... that.句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语 动词常用“should十动词原形”，should可以 省略。 It is strange that he(should)react in this way. 很奇怪，他竟然作出这样的反应。 3.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 Itis(high/about)time(that).,.句型中，定语从 句的谓语动词用过去式，或用should+动词原形 (其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“（现 在)该…”，用来表示提议。 It is(high)time that you went to school. 你该去上学了。 4.asif/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句 中常用虚拟语气。 He stood up and offered her his seat,as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。 【温馨提示】如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么 从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It looks as if it's going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨。 5.if only引导的感叹句中，常用虚拟语气，表示愿 望。意为“要是…就好了”。 Look at the trouble we're in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议 就好了。 三考向破译 L.(2026·日照一模)Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. 解析考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一 种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武 器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词 Handshaking,为单数，而谓语动词是have star- ted,且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一 种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。 2.(2026·济宁一模)They have missed the plane,or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.(用适当的词填空) 解析考查情态动词。句意：他们可能错过了飞 机，或者由于某种原因被阻止来。由“or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason”可知，句子表示“他们可能错过了飞机， 或者由于某种原因被阻止来”，空格处是对过去 的推测，表示“可能做过某事”，是may have done,因此空格处是may。 3.(2026·福州二模)IfI (have)time to- morrow,I will participate in the volunteer activity. 解析句意为“如果我明天有空，我就参加志愿 活动”。对将来虚拟，从句可用过去式、should do、were to do三种形式。 4.(2026·威海二模)If you prepare) well for the interview before,you would not be nervous now. 解析句意为“如果你当初好好准备面试，现在 就不会紧张了”。before指代过去，从句用had done;now说明主句对现在虚拟。 5.(2026·湘潭一模) she to start tomor- row,she would arrive at the destination on time. 3 第一部分语法知识备考 解析句意为“如果她明日动身，就能准时抵达 目的地”。将来虚拟were to do结构，省略if, were提前倒装。 6.(2026·常德一模)But for your encouragement,I would not (gain)such great progress in study. 解析句意为“要不是你的鼓励，我的学习不会 取得这么大进步”。but for表“要不是”，暗含过 去虚拟，主句用would have done。. 7.(2o26·济宁一模)It seemed as if all the beauti- ful memories of childhood (occur)just yesterday. 解析根据句意：“好像所有的美好的童年回忆 都是昨天出现的。”由seemed可知是对过去事实 的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。 8.(2026·福州二模)I'd rather my parents (pay)less attention to my grades and more to my mental state. 解析根据句意：“我宁愿我的妈妈对我的学习 成绩不那么关注，而是关注我的精神状态。”在这 句话中，would rather从句对现在情况虚拟，用 一般过去式。 9.(原创题)（虚拟条件)fit (rain) tomorrow,we would put off the picnic. 解析根据句意：“如果明天下雨，我们就取消野 餐”，在这个主句中would put off为虚拟时态，可 以判断这个地方从句用将来虚拟结构。 l0.(原创题)I would have bought the gift for you, but I (forget)your birthday. 解析前半句为虚拟假设，but后是真实发生 的过去动作，用陈述语气。 答案1.may/might2.may3.had/should have/ were to have 4.had prepared 5.Were 6.have gained 7.had occurred 8.paid 9.rained/should rain/were to rain 10.forgot 艺考生文化课成功方案 基础演练 情态动词 1.The medicine be on the way to be tested, but I'm not sure. 2.Mr.Smith is on time for everything.How it be that he was late for the important meeting? 3.The road is slippery after the rain.I be a little late for the appointment,so please wait for me. 4.The principles we are finding in the fruit fly() brainthe logic and organization- be the same as those in human brains. 5.But grocery store bread stay fresh dur- ing long shipping and storage times.So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. 6.It has been accepted that all the students put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. 7.Why you always interrupt me when I am doing my homework? 8.According to the club's regulations,every member abide by the rules and respect other members. 9.She have earned a lot of money,for she bought a second new car yesterday. 10.You (come)all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. 二 虚拟语气 1.If I (be)you,I (take)this chance. 2.If he (study)harder now,he (pass)the exam easily. 3.If you (come)yesterday,you (meet)my old friend. 4.She (not miss)the train if she (get)up earlier this morning. 5.If it (rain)tomorrow,we (put)off the sports meeting. 6.If I (fly)to Mars some day,I (take)many photos. be)I free,I would go shopping with you. 8. have)he known the truth,he wouldn't have argued with her. 9.Without your help,I (fail)last term. 10.But for the heavy rain,we (arrive)on time now. 11.I was busy then,otherwise I (help)you. 12.Hurry up!Or we (be)late for class. 13.The teacher suggested that we (finish)homework before dinner. 14.He insisted that he (be)right. 15.It is necessary that he (attend)the meeting. 16.It's a pity that she (miss)the won- derful show. 17.I wish I (can)swim like a fish now. 18.He wishes he (not make)that stupid mistake yesterday. 19.He talks as if he (know)everything. 20.She cried as if she (hear)some bad news just now. 21.I'd rather you stay)at home tonight. 22.I'd rather you (not tell)him the secret yesterday. 23.It's high time that we (go)to bed. 24.It's high time that you (make)a decision. 创新演练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 l.(2026·山东济南·一模)If the researchers (carry)out the experiment one month earlier,they would have found the new herbal formula. 2.(2026·浙江杭州·二模)The damaged ancient painting looks as if it break)into pieces years ago. 3.(2026·四川成都·一模)Without the powerful carrier rocket,we (achieve)the lunar landing task successfully last year. 4.(2026·福建宁德·二模)It is suggested that the old craft (record)in digital videos for future generations. 5.(2026·江苏苏州·一模)Ifwe (pro- tect)the wetland well earlier,rare water birds would not be disappearing now. 6.(2026·河南郑州·三模)I would rather the government (invest)more money in ancient book protection last year. 7.(2026·广东广州·二模)If solar energy (apply)widely ten years ago,carbon emissions would be much lower at present. 8.(2026·湖南长沙·一模)The young creator talks about Chinese paper-cutting as though he (grow)up in a traditional folk art village. 9.(2026·河北石家庄·二模)It's high time that we (pay)more attention to children's education in mountain villages. l0.(2o26·安徽合肥·一模)But for the intelligent farm sensors,farmers (suffer)huge losses in the drought last summer. 第一部分语法知识备考 二、语法填空 (2026·山东济南·三模)阅读下面短文，在空白处 填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More people start to live a low-carbon life to protect the earth.Instead of driving private cars, plenty of citizens prefer cycling or walking for short trips.If you want to cut down carbon waste, you 1. avoid wasting electricity at home. Turning off unused lights is a small but useful habit.By changing daily lifestyles,we 2. (reduce)pollution step by step.Many families also choose reusable bags instead of plastic ones, 3. (keep)plastic pollution under control. 三、完形填空 (2o26·安徽·三模)Failure is an unavoidable part of growth.Many teenagers fear failure and try every means to 1 risks and challenges.They regard failure as a sign of 2 and feel frustrated and discouraged after failing.However,failure is actually the best 3 for teenagers. Success always hides behind repeated failures. Every failure provides us with valuable 4, helping us find out our shortcomings and 5 our methods.Those who dare to fail are more 6 to embrace success.If we always 7 difficulties, we will never make progress or gain real growth. Facing failure 8 is an essential ability for modern students.Instead of feeling upset,we should 9 failure calmly,analyze reasons and draw lessons.We should not let failure 10 us, but use it to 11 ourselves and become stronger. Growth is not a process of never 12 but a process of constantly correcting mistakes and 13 ourselves.Failure does not mean you are incompe- tent;it only means you need more 14 and 艺考生文化课成功方案 patience.Embrace failure bravely,and you will finally 15 brilliant success. 1.A.avoid B.take C.face D.create 2.A.strength B.weakness C.luck D.honor 3.A.burden B.reward C.teacher D.barrier 4.A.experience B.pressure C.praise D.trouble 5.A.repeat B.adjust C.abandon D.remember 6.A.likely B.unwilling C.unable D.uncertain 7.A.insist on B.stick to C.shrink from D.turn to 专题七 动词 走进高考 l.(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and com munication (be)underdeveloped at that time,it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 2.（2026·全国I卷)Daji,or big open air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar,for example,on dates with five or sev- en as the last digit.It is also common for them (hold)during traditional Chinese holi- days such as the Spring Festival and the Mid- Autumn Festival,as well as other local festivals. 3.(2025·全国I卷)“The players'personalities (reveal)during the game,and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,"she adds."A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two 8.A.casually B.negatively C.bravely D.secretly 9.A.refuse B.accept C.ignore D.fear 10.A.defeat B.inspire C.encourage D.motivate 11.A.relax B.improve C.treat D.forgive 12.A.studying B.progressing C.failing D.trying 13.A.transforming B.doubting C.hiding D.forgiving 14.A.money B.time C.freedom D.award 15.A.achieve B.abandon C.witness D.witness 的时态和语态 points as a gesture(姿态)of respect for the other side.” 4.(2024·新高考I卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,... 5.(2026·浙江1月)My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks.I re- member (push)in a supermarket trol- ley(手推车)over the uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 考点梳理 1.学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用 的语境，一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了 解了八种常用时态的一些常用规则后，要留心以 英语为母语者在实际生活中如何使用各种时态 和语态。