专题03 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期外研版

专题03定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 本质与结构 / 考点二 关系代词 / 考点三 关系副词 / 考点四 介词+关系代词 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦高考英语语法填空、阅读长难句理解和应用文写作中的定语从句。命题常考查关系词的指代对象与句法功能，并将“which指代整句” “as表示正如” “介词＋关系代词”等组合设为区分度较高的考点。 识记 说清限制性定语从句的功能；掌握who / whom / whose / which / as / when / where。 理解 以先行词和从句缺少的成分为依据，辨析which与as、where / when与which、介词＋关系代词及数量结构。 应用 准确完成语法填空；迅速提取长难句主干；在应用文和读后续写中用限制性定语从句。 考点一 本质与结构 定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent）。 构成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句（关系词紧跟先行词，既"引导"从句，又"指代"先行词，并在从句中"充当成分"）。 分类：限制性定语从句（不加逗号）、非限制性定语从句（加逗号）。 判断步骤： ① 找到关系词前面被修饰的名词 / 代词 → 先行词； ② 把先行词"放回"从句，看从句缺什么 → 主语、宾语、表语、定语； ③ 缺成分用关系代词，不缺成分（表时间 / 地点）用关系副词。 考点二 关系代词 代词 先行词 充当定从成分 who 人 主语/宾语 e.g. Yesterday I helped an old man [who got lost]. (who充当定从主语) whom 人 宾语 e.g. The men [whom you met just now] is my friend.(whom充当定从宾语) which 物 主语/宾语 e.g. This is the pen [which she bought] yesterday.(which充当定从宾语) whose 人/物 定语（先行词所有格’s） e.g. I have a friend [whose father is a doctor].(whose = 先行词friend’s) that 人/物 主语/宾语 e.g. Is he the man [that wants to see you?](that充当定从主语) as 人/物 主语/宾语(和same/such/so/as连用) e.g. He’s not such a fool [as he looks]. (as充当定从宾语) 注： 1. 一般情况下，关系代词引导的定语从句都是不完整的（缺主语或宾语）。which,whom,who,that引导的定语从句，如缺宾语（或者说连接词充当定从的宾语），连接词可以省略。 2. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 whose + n. = of whom/which + the + n. = the + n. + of whom/which e. g. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. → The classroom of which the door/ the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 3. 限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，只能用that，不能用which的几种情况 （1） 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由等修饰时。 e.g. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. There is little that I can do for you. （2） 当先行词被以下词修饰时： 1）every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much e.g. All that can be done has been done. 2）序数词 e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3）形容词最高级 e.g. This is the best film that I have seen. 4）the very, the only e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 3. 当先行词既有人，也有物时 e.g. Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 考点三 关系副词 关系副词一般在定语从句中充当状语成分，因此其引导的定语从句结构一般是完整的。 副词词 先行词 充当定从成分 when 时间 时间状语 e.g. I still remember the day [when we first met]. where 地点 地点状语 e.g. The house [where I lived ten years ago] has been pulled down. why 原因（reason/cause等） 主语/宾语 e.g. I don’t know the reason [why he looks unhappy today]. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。 e.g. I still remember the day on which/when I first came to the school. The house in which/where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I don’t know the reason for which/why he looks unhappy today. 考点四 介词+关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。 e.g. 他曾经就读的那所学校现在非常的有名。 The school that/which he used to study in is very famous. The school in which he used to study is very famous. Practise 昨天我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。 Yesterday we visit the West Lake that/which Hang zhou is famous for Yesterday we visit the West Lake for which Hang zhou is famous 注意： 1. 含有介词的 固定短语 一般不拆开使用，e.g. look for, look after, take care of等。 2. 介词 + 代词中连接词只能用 whom 先行词 人 which 先行词 物 whose 先行词 所有格’s e.g. The man with whom you talked is my friend. The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. The boss in whose company I work is my brother. 3. of + 代词 可以被some/both/all等不定代词修饰，充当从句成分。 e.g. I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied. 我看到三张折叠床，期中两张已经有人占了。 We have ten people in the room，all of whom are girls. 我们房间里有10个人，都是女孩。 ⚠️避坑指南 1. 介词由搭配及语义决定；介词前置时，指人用whom，指物用which，不用that。 The programme, for which the school raised funds, will begin soon. 2. “数词／all／some／most／none＋of＋whom/which”表示整体中的部分。指人用whom，指物用which。 The club welcomed thirty new members, eight of whom were exchange students. They designed five posters, two of which were selected for the exhibition. 注：“..., some of whom ...”是定语从句；“..., and some of them ...”是并列句。没有and时，不可直接写“..., some of them ...”连接两个完整分句。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 层级一：基础夯实篇,填入合适的关系词；不需要填词时填写符号“/”。 1. The young man ________ helped me carry my luggage is a volunteer. 2. The notebook ________ I used to take notes got lost last week. 3. This is the small village ________ my grandma spent her childhood. 4. The reason ________ he turned down the offer was lack of time. 5. All ________ we require is continuous effort and self‑confidence. 6. The girl ________ handwriting stands out in our class won the speech contest. 7. I still recall the day ________ I joined the school volunteer group. 8. The novel ________ cover is light green belongs to my deskmate. 9. This is the most touching story ________ I have ever read. 10. The neighbours ________ live opposite our house are warm‑hearted. 11. We toured the exhibition hall ________ was completed last spring. 12. The professor ________ we admire most often gives us useful advice. 13. There is nothing ________ can stop us from chasing our dreams. 14. The community park ________ we jog every evening is peaceful. 15. This is the only solution ________ works for the present problem. 16. The boy ________ I chatted with just now is my distant cousin. 17. I prefer films ________ deliver positive energy to teenagers. 18. The moment ________ we gather again will be unforgettable. 19. The flat ________ windows face east is bright and comfortable. 20. Anyone ________ breaks the community rules will receive a warning. 层级二：能力提升篇 1. He succeeded in the national competition, ________ made his whole family proud. 2. This is the senior student ________ we have learned many valuable qualities. 3. ________ is mentioned above, team work plays an important role in our daily life. 4. The research project ________ they have worked for three years finally came to an end. 5. We climbed up to the tower, ________ we could overlook the whole coastal city. 6. The young writer ________ works focus on teenagers’ growth gains wide popularity. 7. I will never forget those days ________ we cooperated and struggled side by side. 8. The topic ________ they argued for hours has been settled at last. 9. She bought an electric bicycle, ________ cost her almost one thousand yuan. 10. The chemical factory ________ my uncle works attaches great importance to safety. 11. The expert to ________ you turned for help will give a lecture next Monday. 12. ________ was expected, our class won first prize in the group competition. 13. The suggestion ________ they agreed at the meeting will be carried out soon. 14. There stand dozens of tall trees in the yard, ________ several are pear trees. 15. The reason ________ he explained to the manager sounded quite unreasonable. 参考答案 层级一：基础夯实篇 1. who/that 解析：先行词man指人，从句缺少主语。 2. that/which / 解析：先行词notebook指物，从句缺宾语，关系词可省略。 3. where/in which 解析：village为地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 4. why/for which 解析：reason作先行词，从句缺原因状语。 5. that 解析：不定代词all作先行词，定语从句只用that。 6. whose 解析：所属关系，the girl’s handwriting。 7. when/on which 解析：the day时间名词，从句完整，缺时间状语。 8. whose 解析：所属关系，the novel’s cover。 9. that 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，只用that。 10. who/that 解析：先行词neighbours指人，从句作主语。 11. which/that 解析：先行词hall指物，从句缺主语。 12. whom/who/that / 解析：先行词professor指人，从句缺宾语，可省略。 13. that 解析：不定代词nothing作先行词，只用that。 14. where/in which 解析：park地点，从句完整，缺地点状语。 15. that 解析：先行词被the only修饰，只用that。 16. whom/who/that / 解析：先行词boy，作介词with的宾语，可省略。 17. that/which 解析：先行词films，从句缺主语。 18. when/at which 解析：moment时间名词，从句完整，缺时间状语。 19. whose 解析：所属关系，the flat’s windows。 20. who 解析：先行词anyone指人，从句缺主语。 层级二：能力提升篇 1. which 解析：逗号隔开非限制性定语从句，指代整件事，不能用that。 2. from whom 解析：固定搭配learn from sb；介词后指人只能用whom。 3. As 解析：as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，译为“正如”。 4. on which 解析：固定搭配work on the project，介词提前。 5. from which 解析：from the tower“从高塔上”，介词后用which。 6. whose 解析：所属关系，the writer’s works。 7. when/during which 解析：days表时间，从句主谓完整，缺时间状语。 8. about which 解析：argue about sth“争论某事”，介词提前。 9. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代bicycle。 10. where/in which 解析：factory地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 11. whom 解析：介词to之后，指人只能用whom。 12. As 解析：as was expected，固定表达“正如预料”。 13. to which 解析：agree to the suggestion同意提议，介词提前。 14. of which 解析：整体与部分关系，several of the trees。 15. that/which / 解析：陷阱：reason作先行词，explain缺少宾语，不用why；关系词可省略。 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 1. The way ________ he deals with tough challenges deserves our respect. 2. Who is the young lady over there ________ is communicating with our headmaster? 3. All that can be done ________ (have) been done for the coming activity. 4. This is the very reference book ________ I have been searching for months. 5. The news spread quickly across the campus, ________ excited every one of us. 6. I still keep the hand‑written letter ________ he sent me four years ago. 7. The small town lies at the foot of a forest, ________ many rare animals live. 8. The traveller and his pet dog ________ we ran into on the path were really lovely. 9. The advice ________ he put forward at the conference was well‑received. 10. We are living in an age ________ digital information spreads at high speed. 11. The elderly painter ________ works show local folk culture has won wide praise online. 12. ________ is often the case, travelling can broaden teenagers’ horizons. 13. This is the most touching travel journal ________ I have ever read. 14. The small mountain town ________ we spent our spring vacation is well‑known for its tea gardens. 15. The reason ________ he offered for cancelling the trip sounded unbelievable. 16. There are dozens of ancient buildings in this scenic spot, some ________ date back to the Ming Dynasty. 17. The way ________ teenagers plan their tours reflects their living attitudes. 18. We reached the top of the hill, ________ we could overlook the whole valley below. 19. All ________ is needed for a pleasant journey is careful preparation and a positive mind. 20. The guide and his pet dog ________ we met at the entrance of the scenic spot were really impressive. 参考答案： 1. that/in which / 解析：the way的特殊用法；how不可引导定语从句。 2. that 解析：主句以Who开头提问，为避免重复，只用that。 3. has 解析：all指代“所有事情”视为单数，谓语动词用has。 4. that 解析：先行词被the very修饰，必须用that。 5. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情。 6. that/which / 解析：letter在从句作sent的宾语，关系词可以省略。 7. in which/where 解析：live in the forest，从句缺地点状语。 8. that 解析：先行词同时包含人+动物，只能用that。 9. that/which / 解析：advice作put forward的宾语，可省略。 10. when/in which 解析：age表示“时代”，表时间，从句完整，缺时间状语。 11. whose 解析：所属关系，the painter’s works；whose在从句作定语修饰works。 12. As 解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，放句首；As is often the case 情况常常如此，固定句式。 13. that 解析：先行词被最高级the most touching修饰，只能用that。 14. where/in which 解析：先行词town地点；从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。 15. that/which / 解析：陷阱题：reason在从句中作offered的宾语，不用why；关系词作宾语可省略。 16. of which 解析：整体‑部分结构：some of the ancient buildings；介词后指物用which。 17. that/in which / 解析：先行词the way，定语从句固定三种表达；how不能引导定语从句。 18. from which / where 解析：“从山顶可以俯瞰山谷”；from which = where，在从句作地点状语。 19. that 解析：先行词为不定代词all，定语从句只用that。 20. that 解析：先行词同时包含人（the guide）和事物（his pet dog），只能用that。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 本质与结构 / 考点二 关系代词 / 考点三 关系副词 / 考点四 介词+关系代词 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦高考英语语法填空、阅读长难句理解和应用文写作中的定语从句。命题常通过考查关系词的指代对象与句法功能，并将“which指代整句” “as表示正如” “介词＋关系代词”等组合设为区分度较高的考点。 识记 说清限制性定语从句的功能；掌握who / whom / whose / which / as / when / where。 理解 以先行词和从句缺少的成分为依据，辨析which与as、where / when与which、介词＋关系代词及数量结构。 应用 准确完成语法填空；迅速提取长难句主干；在应用文和读后续写中用限制性定语从句。 考点一 本质与结构 定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent）。 构成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句（关系词紧跟先行词，既"引导"从句，又"指代"先行词，并在从句中"充当成分"）。 分类：限制性定语从句（不加逗号）、非限制性定语从句（加逗号）。 判断步骤： ① 找到关系词前面被修饰的名词 / 代词 → 先行词； ② 把先行词"放回"从句，看从句缺什么 → 主语、宾语、表语、定语； ③ 缺成分用关系代词，不缺成分（表时间 / 地点）用关系副词。 考点二 关系代词 代词 先行词 充当定从成分 who 人 主语/宾语 e.g. Yesterday I helped an old man [who got lost]. (who充当定从主语) whom 人 宾语 e.g. The men [whom you met just now] is my friend.(whom充当定从宾语) which 物 主语/宾语 e.g. This is the pen [which she bought] yesterday.(which充当定从宾语) whose 人/物 定语（先行词所有格’s） e.g. I have a friend [whose father is a doctor].(whose = 先行词friend’s) that 人/物 主语/宾语 e.g. Is he the man [that wants to see you?](that充当定从主语) as 人/物 主语/宾语(和same/such/so/as连用) e.g. He’s not such a fool [as he looks]. (as充当定从宾语) 注： 1. 一般情况下，关系代词引导的定语从句都是不完整的（缺主语或宾语）。which,whom,who,that引导的定语从句，如缺宾语（或者说连接词充当定从的宾语），连接词可以省略。 2. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 whose + n. = of whom/which + the + n. = the + n. + of whom/which e. g. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. → The classroom of which the door/ the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 3. 限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，只能用that，不能用which的几种情况 （1） 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由等修饰时。 e.g. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. There is little that I can do for you. （2） 当先行词被以下词修饰时： 1）every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much e.g. All that can be done has been done. 2）序数词 e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3）形容词最高级 e.g. This is the best film that I have seen. 4）the very, the only e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 3. 当先行词既有人，也有物时 e.g. Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 考点三 关系副词 关系副词一般在定语从句中充当状语成分，因此其引导的定语从句结构一般是完整的。 副词词 先行词 充当定从成分 when 时间 时间状语 e.g. I still remember the day [when we first met]. where 地点 地点状语 e.g. The house [where I lived ten years ago] has been pulled down. why 原因（reason/cause等） 主语/宾语 e.g. I don’t know the reason [why he looks unhappy today]. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。 e.g. I still remember the day on which/when I first came to the school. The house in which/where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I don’t know the reason for which/why he looks unhappy today. 考点四 介词+关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。 e.g. 他曾经就读的那所学校现在非常的有名。 The school that/which he used to study in is very famous. The school in which he used to study is very famous. Practise 昨天我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。 Yesterday we visit the West Lake that/which Hang zhou is famous for Yesterday we visit the West Lake for which Hang zhou is famous 注意： 1. 含有介词的 固定短语 一般不拆开使用，e.g. look for, look after, take care of等。 2. 介词 + 代词中连接词只能用 whom 先行词 人 which 先行词 物 whose 先行词 所有格’s e.g. The man with whom you talked is my friend. The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. The boss in whose company I work is my brother. 3. of + 代词 可以被some/both/all等不定代词修饰，充当从句成分。 e.g. I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied. 我看到三张折叠床，期中两张已经有人占了。 We have ten people in the room，all of whom are girls. 我们房间里有10个人，都是女孩。 ⚠️避坑指南 1. 介词由搭配及语义决定；介词前置时，指人用whom，指物用which，不用that。 The programme, for which the school raised funds, will begin soon. 2. “数词／all／some／most／none＋of＋whom/which”表示整体中的部分。指人用whom，指物用which。 The club welcomed thirty new members, eight of whom were exchange students. They designed five posters, two of which were selected for the exhibition. 注：“..., some of whom ...”是定语从句；“..., and some of them ...”是并列句。没有and时，不可直接写“..., some of them ...”连接两个完整分句。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 层级一：基础夯实篇,填入合适的关系词；不需要填词时填写符号“/”。 1. The young man ________ helped me carry my luggage is a volunteer. 2. The notebook ________ I used to take notes got lost last week. 3. This is the small village ________ my grandma spent her childhood. 4. The reason ________ he turned down the offer was lack of time. 5. All ________ we require is continuous effort and self‑confidence. 6. The girl ________ handwriting stands out in our class won the speech contest. 7. I still recall the day ________ I joined the school volunteer group. 8. The novel ________ cover is light green belongs to my deskmate. 9. This is the most touching story ________ I have ever read. 10. The neighbours ________ live opposite our house are warm‑hearted. 11. We toured the exhibition hall ________ was completed last spring. 12. The professor ________ we admire most often gives us useful advice. 13. There is nothing ________ can stop us from chasing our dreams. 14. The community park ________ we jog every evening is peaceful. 15. This is the only solution ________ works for the present problem. 16. The boy ________ I chatted with just now is my distant cousin. 17. I prefer films ________ deliver positive energy to teenagers. 18. The moment ________ we gather again will be unforgettable. 19. The flat ________ windows face east is bright and comfortable. 20. Anyone ________ breaks the community rules will receive a warning. 层级二：能力提升篇 1. He succeeded in the national competition, ________ made his whole family proud. 2. This is the senior student ________ we have learned many valuable qualities. 3. ________ is mentioned above, team work plays an important role in our daily life. 4. The research project ________ they have worked for three years finally came to an end. 5. We climbed up to the tower, ________ we could overlook the whole coastal city. 6. The young writer ________ works focus on teenagers’ growth gains wide popularity. 7. I will never forget those days ________ we cooperated and struggled side by side. 8. The topic ________ they argued for hours has been settled at last. 9. She bought an electric bicycle, ________ cost her almost one thousand yuan. 10. The chemical factory ________ my uncle works attaches great importance to safety. 11. The expert to ________ you turned for help will give a lecture next Monday. 12. ________ was expected, our class won first prize in the group competition. 13. The suggestion ________ they agreed at the meeting will be carried out soon. 14. There stand dozens of tall trees in the yard, ________ several are pear trees. 15. The reason ________ he explained to the manager sounded quite unreasonable. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 1. The way ________ he deals with tough challenges deserves our respect. 2. Who is the young lady over there ________ is communicating with our headmaster? 3. All that can be done ________ (have) been done for the coming activity. 4. This is the very reference book ________ I have been searching for months. 5. The news spread quickly across the campus, ________ excited every one of us. 6. I still keep the hand‑written letter ________ he sent me four years ago. 7. The small town lies at the foot of a forest, ________ many rare animals live. 8. The traveller and his pet dog ________ we ran into on the path were really lovely. 9. The advice ________ he put forward at the conference was well‑received. 10. We are living in an age ________ digital information spreads at high speed. 11. The elderly painter ________ works show local folk culture has won wide praise online. 12. ________ is often the case, travelling can broaden teenagers’ horizons. 13. This is the most touching travel journal ________ I have ever read. 14. The small mountain town ________ we spent our spring vacation is well‑known for its tea gardens. 15. The reason ________ he offered for cancelling the trip sounded unbelievable. 16. There are dozens of ancient buildings in this scenic spot, some ________ date back to the Ming Dynasty. 17. The way ________ teenagers plan their tours reflects their living attitudes. 18. We reached the top of the hill, ________ we could overlook the whole valley below. 19. All ________ is needed for a pleasant journey is careful preparation and a positive mind. 20. The guide and his pet dog ________ we met at the entrance of the scenic spot were really impressive. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $