Unit 2 Communication阅读理解&阅读问答（热点题型专练）英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

Unit 2 Communication 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——人际交往） 热点题型概览 核心模块 阅读理解（选择题） 阅读问答（任务型阅读・简答题） 题型解读 1. 中考标准设置：一篇短文配 4–5 道单项选择题；体裁以说明文、建议类记叙文为主； 2. 核心题型：细节查找、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、作者观点态度； 3. 文本围绕作息管理、科学运动、均衡膳食、心理调节、青少年健康误区展开。 1. 中考主流题型：一篇短文配 5 道简答题，分简答与完整句作答两类，有严格词数限制； 2. 考查信息筛选、语言转述、概括表达能力；常出现 why /what/how 类特殊疑问句； 3. 素材以健康科普、生活建议、青少年心理成长短文为主。 解题技巧 1. 先通读题干，圈画人名、名词、动作等关键词； 2. 带着关键词回原文定位对应段落句子； 3. 定位后对比选项，排除明显错误项，锁定答案； 4. 全部做完再通读核对逻辑。 1. 划出问句关键词，快速锁定原文答题区域； 2. 根据题目要求，判断需要短语简答还是完整句子； 3. 摘抄原文后进行同义改写、精简，不整段抄写； 4. 写完检查语法、时态、大小写、标点。 命题预测 - 单元话题 1. 人际相处：有效倾听技巧、团队合作矛盾化解、亲子沟通冲突 2. 情绪心理：合理疏导愤怒、拒绝盲目内卷（剧场效应）、缓解社交压力 3. 生活实用：清晰指路技巧、数字线上沟通利弊对比 4. 传统文化：高山流水知音文化、传统交友内涵结合现代交际 1. 社交沟通：数字时代线上线下沟通平衡、改善人际关系的实用方法 2. 青少年成长：校园交友难题、学生与父母的沟通矛盾 3. 心理成长：情绪管理、如何应对被孤立、理性看待竞争 4. 传统文化：“知音” 内涵、传统交友故事背后的相处道理。 命题预测 - 核心考点 1. 高频题型：细节定位、生词词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、文章结构辨析、作者态度 2. 语言考点：同义句转换、代词指代辨析、形副词辨析、条件 / 让步状语从句、长难句拆解 3. 设题陷阱：all/never/only 等绝对化表述干扰项；区分原文事实与作者主观观点 1. 答题能力：原文信息筛选、内容同义转述、多细节综合概括 2. 问答规范：what/why/how 特殊疑问词对应回答逻辑、问答时态与人称统一 3. 语法考点：非谓语动词、交际类固定搭配、句子基础语法 4. 格式要求：词数限制精简作答、完整句书写规范、大小写与标点正误考查 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Why Listening Matters When people talk about good communication, they often focus on speaking skills. However, listening is just as important, if not more important. A good listener can make others feel valued and understood. Here are some reasons why listening matters. First, listening helps you understand others better. When you truly listen, you can learn about other people’s thoughts, feelings, and needs. This understanding can help you build stronger relationships. Second, listening shows respect. When you give someone your full attention, you are telling them that you care about what they have to say. This can make the other person feel appreciated. Third, listening can prevent misunderstandings. Many conflicts happen because people don't listen to each other carefully. By listening actively, you can avoid unnecessary arguments. Many people think that listening is easy. In fact, it requires effort and practice. A good listener not only hears the words but also pays attention to the speaker’s tone of voice and body language. So next time you are in a conversation, remember: listen more, speak less, and you will become a better communicator. 1．What do people often focus on when they talk about good communication? A．Listening skills. B．Speaking skills. C．Body language. D．Writing skills. 2．According to the passage, what can listening help you do? A．Win arguments. B．Speak more fluently. C．Understand others better. D．Remember more information. 3．Why does listening show respect? A．Because it makes the listener smarter. B．Because it shows you care about what others say. C．Because it helps you make more friends. D．Because it is easier than speaking. 4．What can active listening help prevent? A．Making new friends. B．Learning new skills. C．Misunderstandings. D．Feeling tired. 5．What does the writer suggest at the end of the passage? A．Speak more and listen less. B．Listen more and speak less. C．Never interrupt others. D．Always agree with others. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要阐述了倾听在沟通中的重要性，列举了倾听有助于更好地理解他人、表示尊重以及防止误解等原因，并建议大家在交流中多听少说。 【详解】1．根据第一段第一句“When people talk about good communication, they often focus on speaking skills.”可知，当人们谈论良好的沟通时，他们通常关注说话技巧。 2．根据第二段第二句“First, listening helps you understand others better.”可知，倾听能帮助你更好地理解他人。 3．根据第二段“Second, listening shows respect. When you give someone your full attention, you are telling them that you care about what they have to say.”可知，倾听表示尊重是因为它表明你在乎别人说的话。 4．根据第二段“Third, listening can prevent misunderstandings.”可知，积极倾听有助于防止误解。 5．根据文章最后一句“So next time you are in a conversation, remember: listen more, speak less...”可知，作者建议多听少说。 Passage 2 A Lesson in Teamwork Last term, our class was divided into groups to work on a science project. My group had four members: Zhang Wei, Li Na, Chen Hao and me. At first, everything seemed fine. However, problems soon appeared. Zhang Wei wanted to do the project in his own way and refused to listen to others. Li Na felt that her ideas were always ignored. Chen Hao was quiet and never shared his opinions. As a result, we couldn’t agree on anything and fell behind other groups. Our teacher, Ms. Wang, noticed our difficulty. She called us together and said, “Good communication is the key to successful teamwork. You need to listen to each other, respect different opinions, and work together to find solutions.” She encouraged Chen Hao to speak up and reminded Zhang Wei to be more open-minded. After that talk, we started to change. We set up regular meetings to share our ideas. Everyone got a chance to speak. We discussed our disagreements openly and found compromises. Finally, our project was completed on time and received a high grade. We learned that good communication can turn a team from failing to succeeding. 1．What was the problem in the group at first? A．They didn’t have enough time. B．They couldn’t agree with each other. C．They didn’t like the project topic. D．They didn’t have a group leader. 2．Who encouraged Chen Hao to speak up? A．Zhang Wei. B．Li Na. C．Ms. Wang. D．The writer. 3．What does the underlined word “compromises” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．妥协；折中 B．争执 C．竞争 D．放弃 4．What was the result after the group improved their communication? A．They decided to work alone. B．They fell further behind. C．They finished the project successfully. D．They asked the teacher to do the project. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Good communication can help solve problems in a team. B．Quiet people should never be asked to speak up. C．Teamwork is not as important as individual work. D．Disagreements always lead to failure. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个科学项目小组从沟通不畅、意见不合，到在老师引导下改善沟通，最终成功完成项目的经历。 【详解】1．第二段指出“we couldn’t agree on anything and fell behind other groups”，因此小组最初的问题是无法达成一致意见。 2．第三段指出“She encouraged Chen Hao to speak up”，结合前文“Our teacher, Ms. Wang, noticed our difficulty”可知，鼓励陈浩发言的人是Ms. Wang。 3． 最后一段指出“We discussed our disagreements openly and found compromises”，结合前文描述小组从无法达成一致到通过讨论解决问题，compromises意为“妥协；折中”。 4．最后一段指出“Finally, our project was completed on time and received a high grade”，说明改善沟通后小组成功完成了项目。 5．最后一段指出“We learned that good communication can turn a team from failing to succeeding”，由此可推断良好沟通有助于解决团队问题。 Passage 3 Tips for Better Communication Communication is a bridge that connects people. Here are some useful tips to improve your communication skills. First, listen actively. When someone is talking, give them your full attention. Don’t interrupt or think about what you are going to say next. Nodding and making eye contact show that you are listening. Second, think before you speak. Choose your words carefully to avoid hurting others’ feelings. If you are angry, take a moment to calm down before you respond. Third, be honest but kind. It’s important to tell the truth, but you should also consider how your words might affect others. Finally, ask questions. Asking questions shows that you are interested in what others have to say and helps you understand them better. Remember, good communication takes practice. The more you practice, the better you will become at connecting with others. 1．What does the writer suggest doing when someone is talking? A．Think about what to say next. B．Give them full attention. C．Interrupt if you disagree. D．Look at your phone. 2．According to the passage, what should you do if you are angry? A．Speak louder to show your anger. B．Keep your anger to yourself. C．Calm down before responding. D．Walk away without saying anything. 13．Why does the writer suggest asking questions? A．To show you know more than others. B．To make the conversation longer. C．To show interest and understand others better. D．To test whether others are telling the truth. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tip for better communication? A．Listen actively. B．Think before speaking. C．Speak as fast as possible. D．Be honest but kind. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why communication is difficult. B．To provide tips for improving communication skills. C．To describe different types of communication. D．To tell a story about good communication. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了提高沟通技巧的几条建议，包括积极倾听、三思而后言、诚实友善以及提问。 【详解】1．文章第二段第二句“When someone is talking, give them your full attention.”指出，当别人说话时，应给予他们全部注意力。 2．文章第二段第七句“If you are angry, take a moment to calm down before you respond.”指出，生气时应先冷静下来再回应。 3．文章第二段最后一句“Asking questions shows that you are interested in what others have to say and helps you understand them better.”指出，提问表明你对他人的话感兴趣，并帮助你更好地理解他们。 4．文章第二段分别提到了“listen actively”（积极倾听）、“think before you speak”（三思而后言）、“be honest but kind”（诚实且友善）、“ask questions”（提问），未提到“speak as fast as possible”（尽可能快地说）。 5．文章第一段最后一句“Here are some useful tips to improve your communication skills.”点明主旨，全文围绕提高沟通技巧的建议展开。 Passage 4 Turning Conflict into Connection Conflict is a natural part of any relationship. Whether at home, school, or work, disagreements will happen. How we respond to conflict can either damage or strengthen our relationships. When someone criticizes us, our first instinct is often to defend ourselves. We want to explain why we are right and they are wrong. However, this response usually makes the situation worse. The other person feels unheard and becomes more frustrated. What if we tried a different approach? Instead of defending, we could say “thank you.” This does not mean we agree with the criticism. It means we appreciate the other person’s honesty and willingness to share their thoughts with us. A response like “Thank you for sharing your opinion” can completely change the tone of a conversation. It shows that we respect the other person’s perspective, even if we disagree. Over time, this habit can transform our relationships. People feel safer sharing their honest thoughts with us. They trust us more. They know we will listen, not attack. This creates a positive cycle where both parties feel heard and valued. So next time you face criticism or conflict, remember: a “thank you” might be the most powerful response you can give. 1．What is the first instinct of many people when they are criticized? A．To say thank you. B．To defend themselves. C．To walk away. D．To agree immediately. 2．What happens when people defend themselves against criticism? A．The conflict is resolved quickly. B．The situation usually becomes worse. C．The other person feels understood. D．Everyone feels satisfied. 3．What does saying “thank you” to criticism mean according to the passage? A．You agree with the criticism. B．You are avoiding the problem. C．You appreciate the other person’s honesty. D．You think the criticism is wrong. 4．What does the underlined word “perspective” in the third paragraph mean? A．态度 B．观点；视角 C．问题 D．方法 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why conflict is bad. B．To tell readers to avoid criticism. C．To suggest using “thank you” as a positive response to conflict. D．To describe different types of conflict. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述人际冲突普遍存在，面对批评时本能辩解会加剧矛盾，倡导用“thank you”回应批评，以此改善人际关系、化解冲突。 【详解】1．第二段指出：“When someone criticizes us, our first instinct is often to defend ourselves.”，这直接说明多数人被批评时的第一本能是为自己辩解。 2．第二段指出：“However, this response usually makes the situation worse.”，点明人们辩解回击批评时，局面往往会变得更糟糕。 3．根据第三段“This does not mean we agree with the criticism. It means we appreciate the other person’s honesty and willingness to share their thoughts with us.”可知，说“谢谢”并不代表同意批评，而是感谢对方的坦诚以及愿意分享想法。 4．根据第三段“It shows that we respect the other person’s perspective, even if we disagree.”可知，即使我们不同意对方的看法，也应该尊重对方的perspective。结合上下文可知，perspective指对事情的看法或角度，即“观点；视角”。 5．根据第三段“Instead of defending, we could say ‘thank you.’”以及最后一段“So next time you face criticism or conflict, remember: a ‘thank you’ might be the most powerful response you can give.”可知，文章主要建议人们在面对冲突时用“谢谢”作为积极回应。 Passage 5 Overcoming Group Challenges Group projects are common in schools. They help students learn to cooperate and communicate. However, they can also bring challenges. Some group members may not contribute equally. Some may miss meetings or fail to complete their tasks on time. What should you do when faced with these problems? The first step is to communicate openly. Talk to the person who is falling behind. Find out if there is a reason for their behavior. Perhaps they are struggling with the material or facing personal difficulties. Instead of blaming them, offer help and support. If the problem continues, you may need to talk to your teacher. Teachers can provide guidance and help resolve conflicts. Remember, the goal of group work is not just to finish the project, but also to learn how to work with others. Every challenge is an opportunity to improve your communication and problem-solving skills. 1．What is the first step to deal with group problems according to the passage? A．Talk to the teacher immediately. B．Communicate openly with the person. C．Ignore the problem and move on. D．Do all the work yourself. 2．What might be a reason for a group member falling behind? A．They are lazy. B．They don’t like the teacher. C．They are struggling with the material. D．They want to do the project alone. 3．What should you do if the problem continues after talking to the person? A．Give up the project. B．Talk to the teacher for help. C．Ask other group members to leave. D．Report the person to the principal. 4．What does the underlined word “resolve” in the last paragraph mean? A．制造 B．解决 C．忽视 D．分析 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe different types of group projects. B．To suggest ways to handle group challenges. C．To explain why group work is important. D．To tell a story about a successful group. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇关于如何应对学校小组项目挑战的指南。文章指出了小组合作中常见的问题（如成员贡献不均），并提供了具体的解决步骤，包括开放沟通、寻求老师帮助等，旨在帮助学生提升合作和解决问题的能力。 【详解】1．根据第二段“The first step is to communicate openly. Talk to the person who is falling behind.”可知，处理小组问题的第一步是与落后的人进行开放沟通。 2．根据第二段“Perhaps they are struggling with the material or facing personal difficulties.”可知，成员落后的原因可能是难以理解学习材料或面临个人困难。 3．根据第三段“If the problem continues, you may need to talk to your teacher.”可知，如果沟通后问题仍然存在，需要向老师寻求帮助。 4．根据画线词所在句“Teachers can provide guidance and help resolve conflicts.”可知，老师可以提供指导并帮助“解决”冲突。resolve在此处意为“解决”。 5．通读全文可知，文章标题为“Overcoming Group Challenges”，内容主要提供了面对小组挑战时的建议和方法，而非描述类型、解释重要性或讲故事。 Passage 6 Communication in the Digital Age In today’s world, we have more ways to communicate than ever before. We can send text messages, make video calls, post on social media, and send emails. However, has digital communication made our relationships better or worse? On the one hand, digital communication has many advantages. It allows us to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away. It is fast and convenient. We can share news and photos instantly. On the other hand, it also has some disadvantages. When we communicate online, we cannot see the other person’s facial expressions or hear their tone of voice. This can lead to misunderstandings. Moreover, some people spend so much time on their phones that they forget to communicate face to face with the people around them. Experts suggest that we should find a balance. Use digital tools to connect with others, but don’t forget the importance of real-life conversations. A simple face-to-face talk can often solve problems that messages cannot. Remember, communication is not just about sending information — it’s about building understanding and trust. 1．What are some advantages of digital communication mentioned in the passage? ______________________________________________________________________ 2．What can lead to misunderstandings when we communicate online? _______________________________________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of spending too much time on phones? _________________________________________________________________________ 4．What do experts suggest we should do? _________________________________________________________________________ 5．What is the main purpose of communication according to the last paragraph? ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． It allows us to stay in touch with faraway friends and family, and it is fast and convenient. 2． We cannot see the other person’s facial expressions or hear their tone of voice. 3． People may forget to communicate face to face with the people around them. 4． They suggest that we should find a balance — use digital tools but also value real-life conversations. 5．The main purpose of communication is to build understanding and trust. 【导语】本文主要讲述数字时代不同沟通方式的利弊，介绍数字化交流的优缺点，并给出专家建议，点明沟通的核心意义。 【详解】1．第二段直接写明数字化沟通的优势：“It allows us to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away. It is fast and convenient. We can share news and photos instantly”，答案从原文直接提取对应信息。 2．第二段中间给出成因说明：“When we communicate online, we cannot see the other person’s facial expressions or hear their tone of voice. This can lead to misunderstandings”，答案为原文直接摘录的内容。 3．第二段末尾点明长时间使用手机的弊端：“Moreover, some people spend so much time on their phones that they forget to communicate face to face with the people around them”，答案直接引用本段对应的事实信息。 4．第三段首句呈现专家建议：“Experts suggest that we should find a balance. Use digital tools to connect with others, but don’t forget the importance of real-life conversations”，整合语句得到对应答案。 5．第三段结尾给出沟通的核心目的：“Remember, communication is not just about sending information — it’s about building understanding and trust”，依据尾段原文信息提炼作答。 Passage 7 阅读并回答问题 Making friends as a teenager can be challenging, especially when you’re shy or new to a school. However, friendship is an important part of growing up, and there are many ways to build meaningful connections with others. One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you. Whether it’s a sports team, a music club, or an art class, being in a group with shared interests gives you a natural topic to talk about. When you do what you love, you’ll meet people who enjoy the same things, and conversations will feel much easier. Another important tip is to be a good listener. When someone is talking to you, give them your full attention. Ask follow-up questions to show that you care about what they’re saying. People appreciate those who listen carefully, and they will be more willing to open up to you in return. Don’t be afraid to take the first step. Smile and say hello to someone new every day. A simple greeting can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship. You don’t have to be perfect or funny—just be yourself. Authenticity (真实性) is always more attractive than trying to be someone you’re not. Lastly, be patient. True friendships take time to develop. Don’t expect to have a best friend after one conversation. Keep showing up, keep being kind, and keep making small efforts. Over time, those small efforts will grow into lasting friendships. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What is one of the best ways to make friends according to the passage? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why should we be a good listener when talking with others? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer advise us to do every day? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．How long does it take to develop true friendships? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think joining a club is helpful for making friends? Why? (自拟一句话作答) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Join in interesting activities. 2．To get others to open up. 3．Greet someone new. 4．It takes time. 5．Yes, because we share interests. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年交友存在难度，介绍了几种建立友谊的方法。 【详解】1．第二段直接给出“One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you”。因此答案是原文中的信息，概括得出即可。 2．第三段明确指出“People appreciate those who listen carefully, and they will be more willing to open up to you in return”，好的倾听者会让他人更愿意向你敞开心扉，这是原文中的具体信息，概括得出即可。 3．第四段明确给出“Smile and say hello to someone new every day”，建议每天对新认识的人微笑问好，这是原文中的具体行为信息，概括得出即可。 4．第五段开头直接给出“True friendships take time to develop”，点明真正的友谊需要时间发展，这是原文中的关键信息，概括得出即可。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。结合文章内容和自己对参加社团交友的看法、理由，合理作答即可。 Passage 8 I’m Li Ming, a Grade 9 student. My life has changed a lot since I entered junior high school. In primary school, I had little homework and I could play with my friends every day. But now, I have to spend most of my time on study. I have so much homework that I often stay up late. This makes me feel very tired and stressed. I also have trouble communicating with my parents. They always ask me about my grades and push me to study harder. They don’t understand that I need time to relax and do things I like, like playing basketball. I often argue with them, but it doesn’t help. Last month, my teacher talked to me. She told me to communicate with my parents honestly. She also advised me to make a plan for study and hobbies. I followed her advice. I talked to my parents about my feelings and made a daily plan. Now, my parents understand me better. I can spend one hour playing basketball every day and my grades are still good. I feel much happier now. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How did Li Ming spend his time in primary school? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why does Li Ming often stay up late now? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What trouble does Li Ming have with his parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Who gave Li Ming advice to solve his problems? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What changes have taken place in Li Ming’s life after following the advice? (请用一句话回答) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． He had little homework and could play with his friends every day. 2． Because he has so much homework. 3． He has trouble communicating with his parents; they always ask about his grades and push him to study harder, and they don't understand his need for relaxation. 4． His teacher. 5．His parents understand him better, and he can spend one hour playing basketball every day, so his grades are still good and he feels much happier. 【导语】本文讲述了九年级学生李明进入初中后学业压力增大、与父母沟通困难，后来在老师建议下坦诚交流并制定日常计划，最终改善了亲子关系、平衡了学习与爱好，并重获快乐的过程。 【详解】1．第一段第二句“In primary school, I had little homework and I could play with my friends every day.”明确描述了李明小学时作业少、每天能和朋友玩耍的状态。 2．第一段第三句和第四句提到“But now, I have to spend most of my time on study. I have so much homework that I often stay up late.”他现在作业太多，导致经常熬夜。 3．第二段第一句明确说“I also have trouble communicating with my parents.”他们总是问成绩、逼他更努力学习，并且不理解他需要休息和做喜欢的事。这些内容完整概括了亲子间的矛盾。 4．第三段第二句“Last month, my teacher talked to me. She told me to communicate with my parents honestly.”明确指出是他的老师给了他建议。 5．最后一段最后三句写道“Now, my parents understand me better. I can spend one hour playing basketball every day and my grades are still good. I feel much happier now.”他的父母能更好地理解他，他可以每天花费一个小时打篮球，他的成绩仍然很好，他感到更高兴，这些内容完整地呈现了变化，用一句话概括即可。 Passage 9 Dear Diary I don’t understand what’s happening. Nora and Bella were my friends, but now they don’t talk to me. Whenever I try to get close, they just walk away. School used to be fun, but now it feels like the hardest place. What should I do? Evelyn Do you have the same problem as Evelyn? Don’t worry. These tips might help you. First of all, stop asking yourself why. Sometimes, people act this way for strange reasons. It could be because you dressed differently, or did well on a test. Or maybe the person starting it all just wanted to look cool or powerful. Some people simply choose to be unkind, but that doesn’t mean you’re a bad person. Since you can’t just leave school, the best thing to do is learn how to adjust. If no one talks to you during the break, just keep yourself busy. You can preview the next lesson, go get a drink, or simply take a moment to relax. Actually, being alone can be a great chance to improve yourself. You can learn new skills or work on your grades. On the way to becoming a better person, you’ll naturally attract new friends. Think about telling your parents or teachers what’s happening. Adults have been through things like this before. They might really give you a hand. And if it’s hard to make friends in your own class, look elsewhere. Kids from other classes, neighbours, or people from hobby clubs could all become good friends. You can spend time with them on weekends. Here’s the truth: junior high is just a short time in your whole life. You won’t even see most of these classmates after graduation. So don’t let a group of passers-by (路人) take away your good days. 根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。 1．What problem does Evelyn face? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．What does the writer advise Evelyn to do if she has no one to talk to during breaks at school? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who can Evelyn turn to for help when she is in trouble at school? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Why shouldn’t Evelyn care too much about her unfriendly classmates? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．If you were Evelyn, what other ways would you use to cheer yourself up and make new friends? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Her friends don’t talk to her. 2．Keep herself busy. 3．Parents and teachers. 4．Because junior high is only a short period of her life, and she will not meet most of these classmates after graduation. 5．Join hobby clubs. 【导语】主要讲述了Evelyn在学校遇到的交友困境，以及作者针对这一问题给予她的具体建议和心理疏导。 【详解】1．第一段提到“Nora and Bella were my friends, but now they don’t talk to me.”。答案是原文直接信息。 2．第三段明确给出了建议“If no one talks to you during the break, just keep yourself busy.”。这是原文中的具体建议信息，直接提取。 3．根据文章第四段“Think about telling your parents or teachers what’s happening.”和“They might really give you a hand.”。据此提炼答案Parents and teachers。 4．根据文章第五段“junior high is just a short time in your whole life. You won’t even see most of these classmates after graduation.”。答案是原文，直接提取信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实或结合实际情况，合理作答即可。 Passage 10 阅读短文，根据短文内容用完整的句子回答下列问题。答案写在答卷的相应位置上。 Good communication is an important skill for all of us to learn. It helps us build good relationships with others. Improving these skills isn’t difficult—here are a few tips to try. One important part of communication is knowing how to start a conversation. We can begin with something around us, like the weather or a nice coffee shop nearby. Asking a simple question also works well, such as “What’s your favorite subject?” or “Did you enjoy the school activity?” Another easy way is to make small talk. First, reply to what the other person says, then gently change the topic, and finally ask a question to keep the conversation going. It’s also important to choose suitable topics (合适的话题). In our daily conversations, we can talk about the happy thing, like a fun weekend plan or a movie we enjoyed. But we should avoid the serious topic. If we want the conversation to go deeper, we can share our own feelings first—for example, saying, “I also felt nervous before that exam.” Being a good listener is just as important. During the conversation, we should look at the speaker and nod to show we’re following along. If we don’t understand something, it’s helpful to ask a question to make sure we’ve got it right. When it’s time to say goodbye, we can express our enjoyment of the talk to leave a good impression (印象). With a little practice, we can improve our communication skills. We can then use these skills to build better relationships in our daily lives. 1．What does good communication help us do? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．In how many ways can we start a conversation? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Which is a more suitable topic, the happy thing or the serious topic? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Why should we express our enjoyment of the talk? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．How can we improve our communication skills? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It helps us build good relationships with others. 2．We can start a conversation in three/3 ways. 3．The happy thing is a more suitable topic. 4．We should express our enjoyment of the talk to leave a good impression/because we can leave a good impression. 5．We can improve our communication skills with/through a little practice/by practicing more. 【导语】本文通过介绍良好沟通的重要性，详细列举了开启对话、选择话题、认真倾听等提升沟通技巧的实用方法，帮助人们在日常生活中建立良好人际关系。 【详解】1．文章第一段明确指出：“It helps us build good relationships with others.”，这是良好沟通带来的帮助，可直接提取。 2．文章第二段明确写道开启对话的三种方式：“We can begin with something around us…Asking a simple question also works well…Another easy way is to make small talk.”，从身边事物谈起、提问简单问题、进行闲聊，因此共有三种方法。 3．文章第三段明确指出：“we can talk about the happy thing...But we should avoid the serious topic.”，可知开心的事是更合适的话题。 4．文章第四段明确写道：“we can express our enjoyment of the talk to leave a good impression.”，这是主动表达交谈愉悦感的原因，可直接提取。 5．文章最后一段明确指出：“With a little practice, we can improve our communication skills.”，说明可以通过练习提升沟通能力。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 ①Whether you’re telling someone how to get to your house or guiding a stranger to a local museum, you should know how to give good directions. ②First, instead of directing a person from beginning to end, think of it as directing him from landmark (地标) to landmark. And mention important and main landmarks. These will give the person an idea of the progress he’s making and let the person know if he’s still on the way you advised him. ③If you can’t describe the route (路线) clearly in words, draw a map. A map allows the person to know where he’s going. You can also include details. Also, the map can give the person something to depend on when he forgets your directions. ④Although it might be convenient to give someone directions to your favorite shortcut (近路), it could be not good. Instead, give the simplest directions. People will not get lost in this way. When thinking about the simplest route, choose ones with fewer turns (转弯), even if the person chooses a bit longer, or pick routes where the person can stay on one road for a long time. Avoid suggesting routes you haven’t taken before. ⑤Finally, don’t rush when giving directions. Take time to explain important details, such as possible dangers. If you speak in a rush, the person may miss an important piece of information so that they may get the unclear directions. At the same time, avoid using words, phrases, or names that only locals know. Any example you use should be recognizable to someone from other cities. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．We should mention ________ when using landmarks to guide others. A．the color of each landmark B．the time of arrival at the place C．the important and main landmarks D．every landmark along the way 2．What kind of route should you suggest according to Paragraph 4? A．The simplest one. B．The shortest one. C．The one you like best. D．The one with more turns. 3．Why shouldn’t you rush while providing directions? A．It’s not polite to do that. B．It is dangerous to do that. C．You must explain every detail. D．That may lead to unclear directions. 4．What does the underlined word “recognizable” mean? A．模糊不清的 B．难以理解的 C．可接近的 D．可辨认的 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何给他人提供清晰、有效的指引。文章从利用地标、绘制地图、选择最简单路线以及耐心讲解并避免使用生僻词汇等方面，给出了具体的建议和方法。 【详解】1．第二段明确指出：“And mention important and main landmarks.”，说明在使用地标指引时，应该提及重要和主要的地标，而不是每一个地标或地标的颜色等无关信息。 2．第四段明确指出：“Instead, give the simplest directions... When thinking about the simplest route, choose ones with fewer turns”，说明根据第四段的建议，应该推荐最简单的路线（转弯少、路况简单），而不是最短的、最喜欢的或转弯多的路线。 3．第五段明确指出：“If you speak in a rush, the person may miss an important piece of information so that they may get the unclear directions.”，说明匆忙指路会导致对方遗漏重要信息，从而得到不清晰的指引。 4．第五段提到要避免使用只有当地人才懂的词汇，并举例说“Any example you use should be recognizable to someone from other cities”。结合语境，这里指的是例子应该是外地人也能“辨认出”或“理解”的，因此“recognizable”意为“可辨认的”。 Passage 2 In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressed to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressed to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 1．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 2．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 3．Why does the writer mention the Stanford University experiment? A．To show how people can wisely manage their money in competitions. B．To prove that people are naturally good at avoiding financial losses. C．To explain how competition can push people into making unwise decisions. D．To explain why being the highest bidder is always a bad idea. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“剧场效应”这一现象——人们在竞争中盲目跟随他人，即使对自己没有真正好处也难以停止，并分析了其成因（人类生存本能）以及如何避免这种无益的竞争。 【详解】1．根据第二段“The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow.”（剧场效应发生在一个人试图做得更好，迫使其他人跟随的时候）可知，核心特征是“因他人行为而被迫跟随”。选项 D“学生因为别人这样做而报名更多课程”符合这一特征。 2．根据第三段实验描述“Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids.”（有些人甚至出价超过 100 美元，只是为了避免失去之前的出价）可知，为了赢100美元而花费超过100美元是不理智、不合理的行为。选项A“Unreasonable”意为“不合理的”，符合题意。 3．第三段引用斯坦福大学的实验，描述了人们为了竞标100美元甚至出价超过100美元的现象。作者紧接着指出“This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins... it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense.”（这种不理智的行为表明，一旦竞争开始……即使不再有意义，也很难停止竞争）。因此，提到该实验是为了说明竞争如何促使人们做出不明智的决定。 4．根据第五段“we should take a moment to ask ourselves...”（我们应该花点时间问问自己……）以及最后一段“ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me?”（问问你自己：这真的是对我来说最好的选择吗？）可知，作者主张在参与竞争前应冷静思考，审视自己的真实需求。选项B“在加入竞争前停下来思考是明智的”符合作者观点。 5．通读全文，文章首先介绍了“剧场效应”及其弊端，分析了其产生的原因，最后在第五、六段重点提出了建议。因此，作者的主要目的是建议读者做出真正适合自己的选择，避免无意义的竞争。 Anger often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your kids’ anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.” Passage 3 It’s moments like those that plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids. Here are a few things you should pay attention to. If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their children may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids. Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad. We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control. Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way. 1．Why do parents say “It’s nothing to cry about.” to their children? A．To encourage them to stop crying. B．To make them uncomfortable. C．To relieve their anger. D．To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．Parents’ ways to express anger have a great influence on their children. B．Parents should get angry with their children. C．Expressing anger loudly is right, not wrong. D．Children should express their anger like their parents. 3．How should parents set a good example for children according to the passage? A．By stopping them from expressing their anger. B．By expressing their own anger in a healthy way. C．By letting them know they are right or wrong. D．By raising them in a safe environment. 4．What does the writer think of anger? A．Wrong. B．Uncomfortable. C．Harmful. D．Normal and helpful 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Anger often makes us and our children uncomfortable. B．Parents should create healthy anger in themselves. C．Parents should create healthy anger in their kids. D．Parents should never express their anger. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文指出父母常因自身不适而阻止孩子表达愤怒，但这种做法会埋下不健康愤怒的种子。作者建议父母先学会健康表达自己的愤怒，并以身作则，同时允许孩子自由表达感受，引导他们分析愤怒原因，从而帮助孩子建立对愤怒的正确认知和健康表达方式。 【详解】1．由第一段第二句：“In order to relieve this feeling, parents often encourage children to ‘stop crying’ and say things like ‘It’s nothing to cry about.’” 可知，父母说这句话的直接目的就是鼓励孩子“停止哭泣”，从而缓解自己的不适感。 2．第二段提到“If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their children may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening.”如果孩子从未见过父母表达愤怒，他们可能也从不表达；如果父母总是大声表达愤怒，孩子可能认为愤怒是可怕的。这说明父母的表达方式会深刻影响孩子对愤怒的认知和行为。 3．第三段明确指出：“The first thing you can do ... is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids.” 即父母要先学会健康地表达自己的愤怒，才能为孩子树立榜样。 4．文章最后一段写道：“Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.” 同时第四、五段也提到愤怒是一种有用的感受，可以帮助孩子认识问题。因此作者认为愤怒是正常且有帮助的。 5．全文围绕“如何帮助孩子建立健康的愤怒表达方式”展开。第一段提出主题“we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids”，随后从父母自身榜样、允许孩子表达、引导孩子分析愤怒原因等方面给出建议。因此核心主旨是父母应培养孩子健康的愤怒情绪管理能力。 Passage 4 In our school, cooperation (合作) and communication are very important. Every day, students and teachers work together to make the learning environment better. For example, in class, we often have group activities and we can share ideas and learn from each other. This helps us understand different ideas and improves our ability to work as a team. Last week, there was a new student in our class. She was a bit shy and did not know many people. I could see she needed help, so I went to her and said, “Hello, my name is Tom. Could you please tell me where you come from?” She smiled and told me about her hometown. Then, I introduced her to some of my friends. We all tried to make her feel welcome. One day, during lunchtime, the new student looked worried. I asked her if everything was okay. She said, “I am sorry, but I don’t know where the restroom is. Could you please tell me where it is?” I understood that she was in trouble, so I said, “Sure. I can show you. Follow me.” On the way, we talked about our favorite subjects and hobbies. By the time we reached the restroom, she seemed much more relaxed. In another situation, one of my classmates forgot his textbook at home. He was really upset because he thought he would be in trouble. I told him, “Don’t worry. You can use mine. We can share.” He was very grateful and thanked me. That day, we learned a lot by helping each other. Cooperation and communication are the secret to building a friendly and warm society. When we work together and talk to each other, we can solve problems and make new friends. It is always good to ask for help when you need it and to offer help when you can. This way, everyone feels comfortable and happy. 1．What did Tom do to help the new student when she looked worried during lunchtime? A．He introduced her to his friends. B．He showed her where the restroom was. C．He shared his textbook with her. D．He asked her about her hometown. 2．According to the passage, which one is true about the importance of cooperation and communication in school? A．They are only important for new students B．They help to create a better learning environment and build a warm society. C．They are not as important as individual (单独的) study. D．They are only needed during group activities. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The importance of following school rules. B．The benefits of cooperation and communication at school. C．How to make new friends at school. D．The challenges new students are facing. 4．What does the underlined word “grateful” in paragraph 4 mean? A．生气的 B．高兴的 C．感激的 D．惊讶的 5．What is the writer’s opinion about cooperation and communication in school? A．They are not very important B．They can cause problems C．They are necessary for a warm community D．They only help new students 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者Tom在学校帮助新同学适应环境以及帮助忘带课本的同学的具体事例，阐述了合作与沟通在校园生活中的重要性，指出它们有助于建立友好温暖的社会氛围，并能解决困难、结交朋友。 【详解】1．根据文章第三段中“I asked her if everything was okay. She said, ‘I am sorry, but I don’t know where the restroom is. Could you please tell me where it is?’ I understood that she was in trouble, so I said, ‘Sure. I can show you. Follow me.’”可知，当新同学在午餐时间看起来很担心时，Tom带她去了洗手间。 2．根据文章第一段“Every day, students and teachers work together to make the learning environment better.”以及最后一段“Cooperation and communication are the secret to building a friendly and warm society.”可知，合作与沟通有助于创造更好的学习环境并建立温暖的社会。 3．通读全文可知，文章第一段提出了合作与沟通的重要性，第二、三、四段分别通过具体事例展示了合作与沟通带来的好处，最后一段总结全文，强调合作与沟通能解决问题、结交朋友，让每个人感到舒适快乐。因此，文章的主旨是关于学校里合作与沟通的益处。 4．根据文章第四段“He was really upset because he thought he would be in trouble. I told him, ‘Don’t worry. You can use mine. We can share.’ He was very grateful and thanked me.”可知，在同学遇到困难得到帮助后，他对作者表达了感谢，因此“grateful”的意思应该是“感激的”。 5．根据文章最后一段“Cooperation and communication are the secret to building a friendly and warm society.”以及“It is always good to ask for help when you need it and to offer help when you can.”可知，作者认为合作与沟通对于建立一个温暖的社区是必要的。 Passage 5 Communication in Information Age How do people communicate with each other now? It’s really different from before. Thirty years ago, people wrote paper letters to keep in touch. It took several days to send a letter. Later, fixed telephones became popular, but they were not easy to carry. Now we live in the information age. We send text messages, make video calls and share photos on social media. We can talk with family members in other countries face to face on phones. We don’t even need to speak aloud—we can send emojis, short voice messages to show our feelings. We can connect with people anytime anywhere. However, this new way of communication also brings problems. Some people hide behind phone screens and seldom talk face to face with their family. Sometimes we get false information online. Many people worry that we lose real warm talks with each other. 1．What did people use to communicate long ago? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．What tools do people use for communication now? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What two problems does modern communication bring? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Paper letters. 2．Phones and social media. 3．Less face-to-face communication and false information online. 【导语】本文主要讲述了信息时代人们沟通方式的变化，包括过去使用的通信工具、现在使用的现代通信手段以及现代通信带来的问题等。 【详解】1．第一段指出“Thirty years ago, people wrote paper letters to keep in touch.”，很久以前人们使用纸质信件进行沟通。 2．第一段提到“We send text messages, make video calls and share photos on social media.”，现在人们使用手机和社交媒体进行交流。 3．第二段直接指出现代通信带来的两个问题：“Some people hide behind phone screens and seldom talk face to face with their family.”以及“Sometimes we get false information online.”，即人们很少面对面交谈以及网络上存在虚假信息。 Passage 6 Dear Mr. Friend, I am a 14-year-old girl. I am writing to you because I have a problem with my parents. They are always comparing me to my cousin who is the same age as me. My cousin is a very good student and always gets top marks. My parents keep saying, “Why can’t you be more like your cousin?” This really hurts my feelings. I have tried to tell them that everyone is different, but they don’t seem to understand. They think I am just making excuses. I wonder if they will ever accept me for who I am. I am not sure what I should do to make them happy. I have also asked my grandmother for advice. She told me to be patient and keep trying. My schoolwork is also causing me stress. I don’t know if I can keep up with all the homework. I often stay up late to finish my assignments. I am worried that my grades will drop. I need to find a way to manage my time better. I don’t know if I should give up some of my hobbies to focus more on my studies. I hope you can give me some advice. I really need help. Yours sincerely, Worried Girl根据短文内容，用完整的句子回答下列问题。 1．What is the writer’s problem with her parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．How does the writer feel when her parents compare her to her cousin? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who did the writer ask for advice? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．What other problem does the writer have besides the problem with her parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think the writer should do to manage her time better? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． Her parents always compare her to her cousin who is the same age as her and is a top student. 2． She feels hurt. 3． She asked her grandmother for advice. 4． She also has problems with her schoolwork and managing her time. 5．She should make a study plan to manage her time. 【导语】本文主要讲述了一名14岁女孩写信向Mr. Friend求助，反映了自己被父母与表亲比较感到受伤以及学业压力大等问题，希望得到建议。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“They are always comparing me to my cousin who is the same age as me.”可知作者与父母的问题是父母总拿她和同龄的优秀表哥/表姐作比较。 2．根据文章第1段“This really hurts my feelings.”可知作者当被比较时感到受伤。 3．根据文章第2段“I have also asked my grandmother for advice.”可知作者向祖母寻求了建议。 4．根据文章第3段“My schoolwork is also causing me stress…I need to find a way to manage my time better.”可知除了父母问题外作者还有学业问题和时间管理问题。 5．开放性试题，答案不唯一，结合原文合理即可。结合文章第3段“I need to find a way to manage my time better.”可提出合理建议，如制定计划。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Have you ever heard Gaoshan Liushui, a piece of traditional Chinese music? Do you know why Gaoshan Liushui is often played on many occasions (场合)? It is a great example of “zhiyin” culture, which values close friendship. Do you know the story behind it? It’s the story of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Bo Ya was good at playing the guqin. One day, he was playing music on the boat. To Bo Ya’s surprise, Ziqi, a woodcutter who happened to pass by, could understand exactly what he wanted to express through his music. After a long talk, they became good friends. Since Bo Ya had to return to his state, they agreed to meet again in the following year. Unluckily, when getting back to visit Ziqi, Bo Ya heard that his friend had died from an illness. Bo Ya was so sad. In front of Ziqi’s tomb (墓), he played again the music he had played when they first met. The feeling of the music was so strong that it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying. When finishing playing, Bo Ya broke his guqin into pieces. From then on, Bo Ya never played again. But the famous music piece Gaoshan Liushui he played for his friend has been passed down. “Zhiyin” culture has new development in the new period. Gaoshan Liushui is performed on many occasions. It not only shows the beauty of traditional Chinese culture, but also shows China’s wish to develop friendship with people around the world. 1．What does “zhiyin” culture value? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why was Bo Ya surprised when Ziqi listened to him play the guqin? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did they agree to do before Bo Ya returned to his state? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．What did Bo Ya do with his guqin after finishing playing in front of Ziqi’s tomb? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What kind of person do you think can be a “zhiyin”? __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． It values close friendship. 2． Because Ziqi could understand exactly what he wanted to express through his music. 3． They agreed to meet again in the following year. 4． He broke it into pieces. 5．A person who understands me well. 【导语】本文讲述了“高山流水”背后的伯牙与子期的故事，以及“知音”文化的含义及其在新时代的发展。 【详解】1．第一段“It is a great example of ‘zhiyin’ culture, which values close friendship”可推知，“知音”文化重视亲密友谊。答案是原文直接信息。 2．第二段“To Bo Ya’s surprise, Ziqi, a woodcutter who happened to pass by, could understand exactly what he wanted to express through his music”可推知，伯牙惊讶是因为子期能理解他的音乐。答案是原文直接信息。 3．第二段“Since Bo Ya had to return to his state, they agreed to meet again in the following year”可推知，他们约定次年再见。答案是原文直接信息。 4．第三段“When finishing playing, Bo Ya broke his guqin into pieces”可推知，伯牙摔碎了琴。答案是原文直接信息。 5．开放题，合理作答即可，答案不唯一。根据文章第一段“which values close friendship”及全文故事可推知“知音”是能深刻理解自己的人。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，然后用英语回答问题(每题答案不超过6个词)。 Making friends as a teenager can be challenging, especially when you’re shy or new to a school. However, friendship is an important part of growing up, and there are many ways to build meaningful connections with others. One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you. Whether it’s a sports team, a music club, or an art class, being in a group with shared interests gives you a natural topic to talk about. When you do what you love, you’ll meet people who enjoy the same things, and conversations will feel much easier. Another important tip is to be a good listener. When someone is talking to you, give them your full attention. Ask follow-up questions to show that you care about what they’re saying. People appreciate those who listen carefully, and they will be more willing to open up to you in return. Don’t be afraid to take the first step. Smile and say hello to someone new every day. A simple greeting can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship. You don’t have to be perfect or funny — just be yourself. Authenticity is always more attractive than trying to be someone you’re not. Lastly, be patient. True friendships take time to develop. Don’t expect to have a best friend after one conversation. Keep showing up, keep being kind, and keep making small efforts. Over time, those small efforts will grow into lasting friendships. 1．What is one of the best ways to make friends according to the passage?   __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why should we be a good listener when talking with others?   __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer advise us to do every day?   __________________________________________________________________________ 4．How long does it take to develop true friendships?   __________________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think joining a club is helpful for making friends? Why? (自拟一句话作答)   __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．To join in activities of interest. 2．To show we care. 3．Say hello to someone new. 4．It takes time. 5．Yes, because we share interests. (示例，开放作答) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了青少年交友的挑战及建立友谊的几种实用方法。 【详解】1．根据第二段“One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you.”可知，交朋友最好的方法之一是参加你感兴趣的活动。 2．根据第三段“When someone is talking to you, give them your full attention. Ask follow-up questions to show that you care about what they’re saying.”可知，当有人和你交谈时，请专心听对方讲话，多追问后续问题，以此表明你在意对方所说的内容。 3．根据第四段“Smile and say hello to someone new every day.”可知，每天微笑并向新认识的人打招呼。 4．根据第五段“True friendships take time to develop.”可知，真正的友谊需要时间来发展。 5．开放性题目，合理表达即可，答案不唯一。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Communication 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——人际交往） 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．B Passage 4 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C Passage 5 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B Passage 6 1．It allows us to stay in touch with faraway friends and family, and it is fast and convenient. 2．We cannot see the other person’s facial expressions or hear their tone of voice. 3．People may forget to communicate face to face with the people around them. 4．They suggest that we should find a balance — use digital tools but also value real-life conversations. 5．The main purpose of communication is to build understanding and trust. Passage 7 1． Join in interesting activities. 2． To get others to open up. 3． Greet someone new. 4． It takes time. 5．Yes, because we share interests. (答案不唯一，合理即可) Passage 8 1． He had little homework and could play with his friends every day. 2． Because he has so much homework. 3． He has trouble communicating with his parents; they always ask about his grades and push him to study harder, and they don't understand his need for relaxation. 4． His teacher. 5．His parents understand him better, and he can spend one hour playing basketball every day, so his grades are still good and he feels much happier. Passage 9 1． Her friends don’t talk to her. 2． Keep herself busy. 3． Parents and teachers. 4． Because junior high is only a short period of her life, and she will not meet most of these classmates after graduation. 5．Join hobby clubs. Passage 10 1． It helps us build good relationships with others. 2． We can start a conversation in three/3 ways. 3． The happy thing is a more suitable topic. 4． We should express our enjoyment of the talk to leave a good impression/because we can leave a good impression. 5．We can improve our communication skills with/through a little practice/by practicing more. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 2 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D Passage 3 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C Passage 4 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C Passage 5 1．Paper letters. 2．Phones and social media. 3．Less face-to-face communication and false information Passage 6 1． Her parents always compare her to her cousin who is the same age as her and is a top student. 2． She feels hurt. 3． She asked her grandmother for advice. 4． She also has problems with her schoolwork and managing her time. 5．She should make a study plan to manage her time. Passage 7 1． It values close friendship. 2． Because Ziqi could understand exactly what he wanted to express through his music. 3． They agreed to meet again in the following year. 4． He broke it into pieces. 5．A person who understands me well. Passage 8 1． To join in activities of interest. 2． To show we care. 3． Say hello to someone new. 4． It takes time. 5．Yes, because we share interests. (示例，开放作答) 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Communication 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——人际交往） 热点题型概览 核心模块 阅读理解（选择题） 阅读问答（任务型阅读・简答题） 题型解读 1. 中考标准设置：一篇短文配 4–5 道单项选择题；体裁以说明文、建议类记叙文为主； 2. 核心题型：细节查找、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、作者观点态度； 3. 文本围绕作息管理、科学运动、均衡膳食、心理调节、青少年健康误区展开。 1. 中考主流题型：一篇短文配 5 道简答题，分简答与完整句作答两类，有严格词数限制； 2. 考查信息筛选、语言转述、概括表达能力；常出现 why /what/how 类特殊疑问句； 3. 素材以健康科普、生活建议、青少年心理成长短文为主。 解题技巧 1. 先通读题干，圈画人名、名词、动作等关键词； 2. 带着关键词回原文定位对应段落句子； 3. 定位后对比选项，排除明显错误项，锁定答案； 4. 全部做完再通读核对逻辑。 1. 划出问句关键词，快速锁定原文答题区域； 2. 根据题目要求，判断需要短语简答还是完整句子； 3. 摘抄原文后进行同义改写、精简，不整段抄写； 4. 写完检查语法、时态、大小写、标点。 命题预测 - 单元话题 1. 人际相处：有效倾听技巧、团队合作矛盾化解、亲子沟通冲突 2. 情绪心理：合理疏导愤怒、拒绝盲目内卷（剧场效应）、缓解社交压力 3. 生活实用：清晰指路技巧、数字线上沟通利弊对比 4. 传统文化：高山流水知音文化、传统交友内涵结合现代交际 1. 社交沟通：数字时代线上线下沟通平衡、改善人际关系的实用方法 2. 青少年成长：校园交友难题、学生与父母的沟通矛盾 3. 心理成长：情绪管理、如何应对被孤立、理性看待竞争 4. 传统文化：“知音” 内涵、传统交友故事背后的相处道理。 命题预测 - 核心考点 1. 高频题型：细节定位、生词词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、文章结构辨析、作者态度 2. 语言考点：同义句转换、代词指代辨析、形副词辨析、条件 / 让步状语从句、长难句拆解 3. 设题陷阱：all/never/only 等绝对化表述干扰项；区分原文事实与作者主观观点 1. 答题能力：原文信息筛选、内容同义转述、多细节综合概括 2. 问答规范：what/why/how 特殊疑问词对应回答逻辑、问答时态与人称统一 3. 语法考点：非谓语动词、交际类固定搭配、句子基础语法 4. 格式要求：词数限制精简作答、完整句书写规范、大小写与标点正误考查 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Why Listening Matters When people talk about good communication, they often focus on speaking skills. However, listening is just as important, if not more important. A good listener can make others feel valued and understood. Here are some reasons why listening matters. First, listening helps you understand others better. When you truly listen, you can learn about other people’s thoughts, feelings, and needs. This understanding can help you build stronger relationships. Second, listening shows respect. When you give someone your full attention, you are telling them that you care about what they have to say. This can make the other person feel appreciated. Third, listening can prevent misunderstandings. Many conflicts happen because people don't listen to each other carefully. By listening actively, you can avoid unnecessary arguments. Many people think that listening is easy. In fact, it requires effort and practice. A good listener not only hears the words but also pays attention to the speaker’s tone of voice and body language. So next time you are in a conversation, remember: listen more, speak less, and you will become a better communicator. 1．What do people often focus on when they talk about good communication? A．Listening skills. B．Speaking skills. C．Body language. D．Writing skills. 2．According to the passage, what can listening help you do? A．Win arguments. B．Speak more fluently. C．Understand others better. D．Remember more information. 3．Why does listening show respect? A．Because it makes the listener smarter. B．Because it shows you care about what others say. C．Because it helps you make more friends. D．Because it is easier than speaking. 4．What can active listening help prevent? A．Making new friends. B．Learning new skills. C．Misunderstandings. D．Feeling tired. 5．What does the writer suggest at the end of the passage? A．Speak more and listen less. B．Listen more and speak less. C．Never interrupt others. D．Always agree with others. Passage 2 A Lesson in Teamwork Last term, our class was divided into groups to work on a science project. My group had four members: Zhang Wei, Li Na, Chen Hao and me. At first, everything seemed fine. However, problems soon appeared. Zhang Wei wanted to do the project in his own way and refused to listen to others. Li Na felt that her ideas were always ignored. Chen Hao was quiet and never shared his opinions. As a result, we couldn’t agree on anything and fell behind other groups. Our teacher, Ms. Wang, noticed our difficulty. She called us together and said, “Good communication is the key to successful teamwork. You need to listen to each other, respect different opinions, and work together to find solutions.” She encouraged Chen Hao to speak up and reminded Zhang Wei to be more open-minded. After that talk, we started to change. We set up regular meetings to share our ideas. Everyone got a chance to speak. We discussed our disagreements openly and found compromises. Finally, our project was completed on time and received a high grade. We learned that good communication can turn a team from failing to succeeding. 1．What was the problem in the group at first? A．They didn’t have enough time. B．They couldn’t agree with each other. C．They didn’t like the project topic. D．They didn’t have a group leader. 2．Who encouraged Chen Hao to speak up? A．Zhang Wei. B．Li Na. C．Ms. Wang. D．The writer. 3．What does the underlined word “compromises” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．妥协；折中 B．争执 C．竞争 D．放弃 4．What was the result after the group improved their communication? A．They decided to work alone. B．They fell further behind. C．They finished the project successfully. D．They asked the teacher to do the project. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Good communication can help solve problems in a team. B．Quiet people should never be asked to speak up. C．Teamwork is not as important as individual work. D．Disagreements always lead to failure. Passage 3 Tips for Better Communication Communication is a bridge that connects people. Here are some useful tips to improve your communication skills. First, listen actively. When someone is talking, give them your full attention. Don’t interrupt or think about what you are going to say next. Nodding and making eye contact show that you are listening. Second, think before you speak. Choose your words carefully to avoid hurting others’ feelings. If you are angry, take a moment to calm down before you respond. Third, be honest but kind. It’s important to tell the truth, but you should also consider how your words might affect others. Finally, ask questions. Asking questions shows that you are interested in what others have to say and helps you understand them better. Remember, good communication takes practice. The more you practice, the better you will become at connecting with others. 1．What does the writer suggest doing when someone is talking? A．Think about what to say next. B．Give them full attention. C．Interrupt if you disagree. D．Look at your phone. 2．According to the passage, what should you do if you are angry? A．Speak louder to show your anger. B．Keep your anger to yourself. C．Calm down before responding. D．Walk away without saying anything. 13．Why does the writer suggest asking questions? A．To show you know more than others. B．To make the conversation longer. C．To show interest and understand others better. D．To test whether others are telling the truth. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tip for better communication? A．Listen actively. B．Think before speaking. C．Speak as fast as possible. D．Be honest but kind. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why communication is difficult. B．To provide tips for improving communication skills. C．To describe different types of communication. D．To tell a story about good communication. Passage 4 Turning Conflict into Connection Conflict is a natural part of any relationship. Whether at home, school, or work, disagreements will happen. How we respond to conflict can either damage or strengthen our relationships. When someone criticizes us, our first instinct is often to defend ourselves. We want to explain why we are right and they are wrong. However, this response usually makes the situation worse. The other person feels unheard and becomes more frustrated. What if we tried a different approach? Instead of defending, we could say “thank you.” This does not mean we agree with the criticism. It means we appreciate the other person’s honesty and willingness to share their thoughts with us. A response like “Thank you for sharing your opinion” can completely change the tone of a conversation. It shows that we respect the other person’s perspective, even if we disagree. Over time, this habit can transform our relationships. People feel safer sharing their honest thoughts with us. They trust us more. They know we will listen, not attack. This creates a positive cycle where both parties feel heard and valued. So next time you face criticism or conflict, remember: a “thank you” might be the most powerful response you can give. 1．What is the first instinct of many people when they are criticized? A．To say thank you. B．To defend themselves. C．To walk away. D．To agree immediately. 2．What happens when people defend themselves against criticism? A．The conflict is resolved quickly. B．The situation usually becomes worse. C．The other person feels understood. D．Everyone feels satisfied. 3．What does saying “thank you” to criticism mean according to the passage? A．You agree with the criticism. B．You are avoiding the problem. C．You appreciate the other person’s honesty. D．You think the criticism is wrong. 4．What does the underlined word “perspective” in the third paragraph mean? A．态度 B．观点；视角 C．问题 D．方法 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why conflict is bad. B．To tell readers to avoid criticism. C．To suggest using “thank you” as a positive response to conflict. D．To describe different types of conflict. Passage 5 Overcoming Group Challenges Group projects are common in schools. They help students learn to cooperate and communicate. However, they can also bring challenges. Some group members may not contribute equally. Some may miss meetings or fail to complete their tasks on time. What should you do when faced with these problems? The first step is to communicate openly. Talk to the person who is falling behind. Find out if there is a reason for their behavior. Perhaps they are struggling with the material or facing personal difficulties. Instead of blaming them, offer help and support. If the problem continues, you may need to talk to your teacher. Teachers can provide guidance and help resolve conflicts. Remember, the goal of group work is not just to finish the project, but also to learn how to work with others. Every challenge is an opportunity to improve your communication and problem-solving skills. 1．What is the first step to deal with group problems according to the passage? A．Talk to the teacher immediately. B．Communicate openly with the person. C．Ignore the problem and move on. D．Do all the work yourself. 2．What might be a reason for a group member falling behind? A．They are lazy. B．They don’t like the teacher. C．They are struggling with the material. D．They want to do the project alone. 3．What should you do if the problem continues after talking to the person? A．Give up the project. B．Talk to the teacher for help. C．Ask other group members to leave. D．Report the person to the principal. 4．What does the underlined word “resolve” in the last paragraph mean? A．制造 B．解决 C．忽视 D．分析 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe different types of group projects. B．To suggest ways to handle group challenges. C．To explain why group work is important. D．To tell a story about a successful group. Passage 6 Communication in the Digital Age In today’s world, we have more ways to communicate than ever before. We can send text messages, make video calls, post on social media, and send emails. However, has digital communication made our relationships better or worse? On the one hand, digital communication has many advantages. It allows us to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away. It is fast and convenient. We can share news and photos instantly. On the other hand, it also has some disadvantages. When we communicate online, we cannot see the other person’s facial expressions or hear their tone of voice. This can lead to misunderstandings. Moreover, some people spend so much time on their phones that they forget to communicate face to face with the people around them. Experts suggest that we should find a balance. Use digital tools to connect with others, but don’t forget the importance of real-life conversations. A simple face-to-face talk can often solve problems that messages cannot. Remember, communication is not just about sending information — it’s about building understanding and trust. 1．What are some advantages of digital communication mentioned in the passage? ______________________________________________________________________ 2．What can lead to misunderstandings when we communicate online? _______________________________________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of spending too much time on phones? _________________________________________________________________________ 4．What do experts suggest we should do? _________________________________________________________________________ 5．What is the main purpose of communication according to the last paragraph? ___________________________________________________________________________ Passage 7 阅读并回答问题 Making friends as a teenager can be challenging, especially when you’re shy or new to a school. However, friendship is an important part of growing up, and there are many ways to build meaningful connections with others. One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you. Whether it’s a sports team, a music club, or an art class, being in a group with shared interests gives you a natural topic to talk about. When you do what you love, you’ll meet people who enjoy the same things, and conversations will feel much easier. Another important tip is to be a good listener. When someone is talking to you, give them your full attention. Ask follow-up questions to show that you care about what they’re saying. People appreciate those who listen carefully, and they will be more willing to open up to you in return. Don’t be afraid to take the first step. Smile and say hello to someone new every day. A simple greeting can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship. You don’t have to be perfect or funny—just be yourself. Authenticity (真实性) is always more attractive than trying to be someone you’re not. Lastly, be patient. True friendships take time to develop. Don’t expect to have a best friend after one conversation. Keep showing up, keep being kind, and keep making small efforts. Over time, those small efforts will grow into lasting friendships. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．What is one of the best ways to make friends according to the passage? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why should we be a good listener when talking with others? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer advise us to do every day? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．How long does it take to develop true friendships? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think joining a club is helpful for making friends? Why? (自拟一句话作答) __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 I’m Li Ming, a Grade 9 student. My life has changed a lot since I entered junior high school. In primary school, I had little homework and I could play with my friends every day. But now, I have to spend most of my time on study. I have so much homework that I often stay up late. This makes me feel very tired and stressed. I also have trouble communicating with my parents. They always ask me about my grades and push me to study harder. They don’t understand that I need time to relax and do things I like, like playing basketball. I often argue with them, but it doesn’t help. Last month, my teacher talked to me. She told me to communicate with my parents honestly. She also advised me to make a plan for study and hobbies. I followed her advice. I talked to my parents about my feelings and made a daily plan. Now, my parents understand me better. I can spend one hour playing basketball every day and my grades are still good. I feel much happier now. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How did Li Ming spend his time in primary school? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why does Li Ming often stay up late now? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What trouble does Li Ming have with his parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Who gave Li Ming advice to solve his problems? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What changes have taken place in Li Ming’s life after following the advice? (请用一句话回答) __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 9 Dear Diary I don’t understand what’s happening. Nora and Bella were my friends, but now they don’t talk to me. Whenever I try to get close, they just walk away. School used to be fun, but now it feels like the hardest place. What should I do? Evelyn Do you have the same problem as Evelyn? Don’t worry. These tips might help you. First of all, stop asking yourself why. Sometimes, people act this way for strange reasons. It could be because you dressed differently, or did well on a test. Or maybe the person starting it all just wanted to look cool or powerful. Some people simply choose to be unkind, but that doesn’t mean you’re a bad person. Since you can’t just leave school, the best thing to do is learn how to adjust. If no one talks to you during the break, just keep yourself busy. You can preview the next lesson, go get a drink, or simply take a moment to relax. Actually, being alone can be a great chance to improve yourself. You can learn new skills or work on your grades. On the way to becoming a better person, you’ll naturally attract new friends. Think about telling your parents or teachers what’s happening. Adults have been through things like this before. They might really give you a hand. And if it’s hard to make friends in your own class, look elsewhere. Kids from other classes, neighbours, or people from hobby clubs could all become good friends. You can spend time with them on weekends. Here’s the truth: junior high is just a short time in your whole life. You won’t even see most of these classmates after graduation. So don’t let a group of passers-by (路人) take away your good days. 根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。 1．What problem does Evelyn face? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．What does the writer advise Evelyn to do if she has no one to talk to during breaks at school? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who can Evelyn turn to for help when she is in trouble at school? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Why shouldn’t Evelyn care too much about her unfriendly classmates? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．If you were Evelyn, what other ways would you use to cheer yourself up and make new friends? __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 10 阅读短文，根据短文内容用完整的句子回答下列问题。答案写在答卷的相应位置上。 Good communication is an important skill for all of us to learn. It helps us build good relationships with others. Improving these skills isn’t difficult—here are a few tips to try. One important part of communication is knowing how to start a conversation. We can begin with something around us, like the weather or a nice coffee shop nearby. Asking a simple question also works well, such as “What’s your favorite subject?” or “Did you enjoy the school activity?” Another easy way is to make small talk. First, reply to what the other person says, then gently change the topic, and finally ask a question to keep the conversation going. It’s also important to choose suitable topics (合适的话题). In our daily conversations, we can talk about the happy thing, like a fun weekend plan or a movie we enjoyed. But we should avoid the serious topic. If we want the conversation to go deeper, we can share our own feelings first—for example, saying, “I also felt nervous before that exam.” Being a good listener is just as important. During the conversation, we should look at the speaker and nod to show we’re following along. If we don’t understand something, it’s helpful to ask a question to make sure we’ve got it right. When it’s time to say goodbye, we can express our enjoyment of the talk to leave a good impression (印象). With a little practice, we can improve our communication skills. We can then use these skills to build better relationships in our daily lives. 1．What does good communication help us do? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．In how many ways can we start a conversation? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Which is a more suitable topic, the happy thing or the serious topic? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．Why should we express our enjoyment of the talk? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．How can we improve our communication skills? __________________________________________________________________________ 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 ①Whether you’re telling someone how to get to your house or guiding a stranger to a local museum, you should know how to give good directions. ②First, instead of directing a person from beginning to end, think of it as directing him from landmark (地标) to landmark. And mention important and main landmarks. These will give the person an idea of the progress he’s making and let the person know if he’s still on the way you advised him. ③If you can’t describe the route (路线) clearly in words, draw a map. A map allows the person to know where he’s going. You can also include details. Also, the map can give the person something to depend on when he forgets your directions. ④Although it might be convenient to give someone directions to your favorite shortcut (近路), it could be not good. Instead, give the simplest directions. People will not get lost in this way. When thinking about the simplest route, choose ones with fewer turns (转弯), even if the person chooses a bit longer, or pick routes where the person can stay on one road for a long time. Avoid suggesting routes you haven’t taken before. ⑤Finally, don’t rush when giving directions. Take time to explain important details, such as possible dangers. If you speak in a rush, the person may miss an important piece of information so that they may get the unclear directions. At the same time, avoid using words, phrases, or names that only locals know. Any example you use should be recognizable to someone from other cities. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．We should mention ________ when using landmarks to guide others. A．the color of each landmark B．the time of arrival at the place C．the important and main landmarks D．every landmark along the way 2．What kind of route should you suggest according to Paragraph 4? A．The simplest one. B．The shortest one. C．The one you like best. D．The one with more turns. 3．Why shouldn’t you rush while providing directions? A．It’s not polite to do that. B．It is dangerous to do that. C．You must explain every detail. D．That may lead to unclear directions. 4．What does the underlined word “recognizable” mean? A．模糊不清的 B．难以理解的 C．可接近的 D．可辨认的 Passage 2 In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressed to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressed to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 1．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 2．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 3．Why does the writer mention the Stanford University experiment? A．To show how people can wisely manage their money in competitions. B．To prove that people are naturally good at avoiding financial losses. C．To explain how competition can push people into making unwise decisions. D．To explain why being the highest bidder is always a bad idea. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. Passage 3 It’s moments like those that plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids. Here are a few things you should pay attention to. If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their children may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids. Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad. We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control. Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way. 1．Why do parents say “It’s nothing to cry about.” to their children? A．To encourage them to stop crying. B．To make them uncomfortable. C．To relieve their anger. D．To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．Parents’ ways to express anger have a great influence on their children. B．Parents should get angry with their children. C．Expressing anger loudly is right, not wrong. D．Children should express their anger like their parents. 3．How should parents set a good example for children according to the passage? A．By stopping them from expressing their anger. B．By expressing their own anger in a healthy way. C．By letting them know they are right or wrong. D．By raising them in a safe environment. 4．What does the writer think of anger? A．Wrong. B．Uncomfortable. C．Harmful. D．Normal and helpful 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Anger often makes us and our children uncomfortable. B．Parents should create healthy anger in themselves. C．Parents should create healthy anger in their kids. D．Parents should never express their anger. Passage 4 In our school, cooperation (合作) and communication are very important. Every day, students and teachers work together to make the learning environment better. For example, in class, we often have group activities and we can share ideas and learn from each other. This helps us understand different ideas and improves our ability to work as a team. Last week, there was a new student in our class. She was a bit shy and did not know many people. I could see she needed help, so I went to her and said, “Hello, my name is Tom. Could you please tell me where you come from?” She smiled and told me about her hometown. Then, I introduced her to some of my friends. We all tried to make her feel welcome. One day, during lunchtime, the new student looked worried. I asked her if everything was okay. She said, “I am sorry, but I don’t know where the restroom is. Could you please tell me where it is?” I understood that she was in trouble, so I said, “Sure. I can show you. Follow me.” On the way, we talked about our favorite subjects and hobbies. By the time we reached the restroom, she seemed much more relaxed. In another situation, one of my classmates forgot his textbook at home. He was really upset because he thought he would be in trouble. I told him, “Don’t worry. You can use mine. We can share.” He was very grateful and thanked me. That day, we learned a lot by helping each other. Cooperation and communication are the secret to building a friendly and warm society. When we work together and talk to each other, we can solve problems and make new friends. It is always good to ask for help when you need it and to offer help when you can. This way, everyone feels comfortable and happy. 1．What did Tom do to help the new student when she looked worried during lunchtime? A．He introduced her to his friends. B．He showed her where the restroom was. C．He shared his textbook with her. D．He asked her about her hometown. 2．According to the passage, which one is true about the importance of cooperation and communication in school? A．They are only important for new students B．They help to create a better learning environment and build a warm society. C．They are not as important as individual (单独的) study. D．They are only needed during group activities. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The importance of following school rules. B．The benefits of cooperation and communication at school. C．How to make new friends at school. D．The challenges new students are facing. 4．What does the underlined word “grateful” in paragraph 4 mean? A．生气的 B．高兴的 C．感激的 D．惊讶的 5．What is the writer’s opinion about cooperation and communication in school? A．They are not very important B．They can cause problems C．They are necessary for a warm community D．They only help new students Passage 5 Communication in Information Age How do people communicate with each other now? It’s really different from before. Thirty years ago, people wrote paper letters to keep in touch. It took several days to send a letter. Later, fixed telephones became popular, but they were not easy to carry. Now we live in the information age. We send text messages, make video calls and share photos on social media. We can talk with family members in other countries face to face on phones. We don’t even need to speak aloud—we can send emojis, short voice messages to show our feelings. We can connect with people anytime anywhere. However, this new way of communication also brings problems. Some people hide behind phone screens and seldom talk face to face with their family. Sometimes we get false information online. Many people worry that we lose real warm talks with each other. 1．What did people use to communicate long ago? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．What tools do people use for communication now? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What two problems does modern communication bring? __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 Dear Mr. Friend, I am a 14-year-old girl. I am writing to you because I have a problem with my parents. They are always comparing me to my cousin who is the same age as me. My cousin is a very good student and always gets top marks. My parents keep saying, “Why can’t you be more like your cousin?” This really hurts my feelings. I have tried to tell them that everyone is different, but they don’t seem to understand. They think I am just making excuses. I wonder if they will ever accept me for who I am. I am not sure what I should do to make them happy. I have also asked my grandmother for advice. She told me to be patient and keep trying. My schoolwork is also causing me stress. I don’t know if I can keep up with all the homework. I often stay up late to finish my assignments. I am worried that my grades will drop. I need to find a way to manage my time better. I don’t know if I should give up some of my hobbies to focus more on my studies. I hope you can give me some advice. I really need help. Yours sincerely, Worried Girl根据短文内容，用完整的句子回答下列问题。 1．What is the writer’s problem with her parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．How does the writer feel when her parents compare her to her cousin? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who did the writer ask for advice? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．What other problem does the writer have besides the problem with her parents? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think the writer should do to manage her time better? __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 7 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Have you ever heard Gaoshan Liushui, a piece of traditional Chinese music? Do you know why Gaoshan Liushui is often played on many occasions (场合)? It is a great example of “zhiyin” culture, which values close friendship. Do you know the story behind it? It’s the story of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Bo Ya was good at playing the guqin. One day, he was playing music on the boat. To Bo Ya’s surprise, Ziqi, a woodcutter who happened to pass by, could understand exactly what he wanted to express through his music. After a long talk, they became good friends. Since Bo Ya had to return to his state, they agreed to meet again in the following year. Unluckily, when getting back to visit Ziqi, Bo Ya heard that his friend had died from an illness. Bo Ya was so sad. In front of Ziqi’s tomb (墓), he played again the music he had played when they first met. The feeling of the music was so strong that it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying. When finishing playing, Bo Ya broke his guqin into pieces. From then on, Bo Ya never played again. But the famous music piece Gaoshan Liushui he played for his friend has been passed down. “Zhiyin” culture has new development in the new period. Gaoshan Liushui is performed on many occasions. It not only shows the beauty of traditional Chinese culture, but also shows China’s wish to develop friendship with people around the world. 1．What does “zhiyin” culture value? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why was Bo Ya surprised when Ziqi listened to him play the guqin? __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did they agree to do before Bo Ya returned to his state? __________________________________________________________________________ 4．What did Bo Ya do with his guqin after finishing playing in front of Ziqi’s tomb? __________________________________________________________________________ 5．What kind of person do you think can be a “zhiyin”? __________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 阅读下面短文，然后用英语回答问题(每题答案不超过6个词)。 Making friends as a teenager can be challenging, especially when you’re shy or new to a school. However, friendship is an important part of growing up, and there are many ways to build meaningful connections with others. One of the best ways to make friends is to join in activities that interest you. Whether it’s a sports team, a music club, or an art class, being in a group with shared interests gives you a natural topic to talk about. When you do what you love, you’ll meet people who enjoy the same things, and conversations will feel much easier. Another important tip is to be a good listener. When someone is talking to you, give them your full attention. Ask follow-up questions to show that you care about what they’re saying. People appreciate those who listen carefully, and they will be more willing to open up to you in return. Don’t be afraid to take the first step. Smile and say hello to someone new every day. A simple greeting can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship. You don’t have to be perfect or funny — just be yourself. Authenticity is always more attractive than trying to be someone you’re not. Lastly, be patient. True friendships take time to develop. Don’t expect to have a best friend after one conversation. Keep showing up, keep being kind, and keep making small efforts. Over time, those small efforts will grow into lasting friendships. 1．What is one of the best ways to make friends according to the passage?   __________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why should we be a good listener when talking with others?   __________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer advise us to do every day?   __________________________________________________________________________ 4．How long does it take to develop true friendships?   __________________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think joining a club is helpful for making friends? Why? (自拟一句话作答)   __________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $