Unit 4 Great People 阅读理解&阅读问答（热点题型专练）英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“人与社会——著名人物”为话题，系统整合阅读理解与阅读问答解题方法，融合语言能力培养与文化意识渗透，实现专项突破与素养提升的统一。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|9篇人物传记（含爱迪生、屠呦呦等）|圈画关键词定位、细节题依托原文、推理题区分事实与结论、关注首尾段提炼主旨|从具体人物事迹提取信息，到词义猜测、写作顺序分析，再到人物精神概括，形成“信息筛选-语言理解-思维提升”递进逻辑| |阅读问答（简答题）|6篇任务型阅读（含钱学森、霍金等）|抓取疑问词锁定段落、严格词数限制、时态统一、开放题结合人物品质|从基础信息提取（时间/地点），到同义改写，再到归纳概括与开放表达，体现“语言转述-逻辑归纳-价值判断”能力层级|

Unit 4 Great People 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——著名人物） 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．C Passage 2 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C Passage 3 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C Passage 4 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B Passage 5 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B Passage 6 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B Passage 7 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B Passage 8 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B Passage 9 1． He is one of the most famous scientists in China. 2． In 1918. /He returned to China in 1918. 3． His dream was to serve our nation with what he learned. 4． Scientists should keep the spirit of looking for the truth. 5．The writer writes in the order of time. Passage 10 1． In 1911. 2． In Massachusetts and California. 3． In 1955. 4． The Father of Chinese Rocket Science. 5．Qian’s spirit of dedication and patriotism. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A Passage 2 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A Passage 3 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B Passage 4 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A Passage 5 1． He was born in Tianjin. 2．For 28 years. 3．On October 16, 1964. 4．China was the fastest. 5．Love for the country. He kept his important job a secret for 28 years and tried his best to finish it well. （答案不唯一，合理即可） Passage 6 1．At the age of 21. 2．The universe / space and time. 3．Hawking’s scientific work. 4．A Brief History of Time. 5．Never give up and keep trying. Passage 7 1．The AC motor. 2．Because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind first. 3．A love of music. 4．He disliked wearing socks. 5．Let’s not be afraid of being a little strange. Passage 8 1． For further study./Because Qian went to America for further study. 2． In June 1964. 3． Qian’s deep love for the motherland. 4． New China was badly in need of scientists. 5．Yes./Yes, he has. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great People 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——著名人物） 热点题型概览 核心模块 阅读理解（选择题） 阅读问答（任务型阅读・简答题） 题型解读 1. 中考标准设置：一篇短文配 4‑5 道单项选择题；体裁以人物记叙文、说明文为主； 2. 核心题型：细节查找、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、写作顺序、观点态度； 3. 文本围绕国内外杰出科学家、发明家的生平事迹、科研成就、精神品质展开。 1. 中考主流题型：一篇短文配 5 道简答题，分简答与完整句作答两类，部分题目设置严格词数限制； 2. 考查信息定位筛选、语言转述、归纳概括能力；高频出现 what/when/where/why 特殊疑问句，包含开放表达类试题； 3. 素材以中外名人故事、科学家人物传记为主。 解题技巧 1. 圈画题干人名、时间、事件关键词，回原文定位信息句； 2. 细节题严格依托原文人物事实，拒绝主观脑补； 3. 结合人物上下文故事语境推断生词含义； 4. 推理判断题不能选原文原句，区分客观事实与推断结论； 5. 关注首尾段提炼人物精神、文章主旨；留意时间词判断写作顺序； 6. 做完核对选项和人物、事件、时间是否匹配。 1. 抓取题干疑问词，锁定原文对应人物段落； 2. 严格遵守词数要求，提炼关键信息，禁止大段摘抄； 3. 注意时态统一，回答人物生平多用一般过去时；做好人称转换； 4. when 抓时间，where 抓地点，why 锁定原因语句； 5. 开放感悟题要结合人物品质作答，不能脱离文本； 6. 检查大小写、名词单复数、语法拼写错误。 命题预测 - 单元话题 科学家成长经历、重大发明发现、爱国奉献、坚持不懈、不畏苦难、好奇心与创新精神、不同名人品质对比。 名人生平时间事件梳理、人物优秀品质概括、事件原因梳理、写作顺序判断、感悟启示类开放问答。 命题预测 - 核心考点 高频考点：代词指代、词义猜测；时间顺序写作手法；人物事迹对比；长难人物事件句理解；段落主旨；事实与推断辨析。 高频考点：人物信息提取；同义改写；特殊疑问词规范作答；时态一致性；段落信息归纳；开放性感悟表达。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Two Minds, Two Stories When we think of great inventors, two names often come to mind: Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. Both were brilliant, but their approaches to creativity were very different. Edison is known for his practical inventions, such as the light bulb and the phonograph. He believed in hard work and teamwork. He once said, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水).” Edison had a large team of assistants and tested thousands of materials before finding the right one for the light bulb filament. His method was trial and error — keep trying until something works. Tesla, on the other hand, was a dreamer. He imagined his inventions in complete detail before building them. He is known for his work on alternating current (AC) electricity, which powers most of our homes today. Tesla preferred to work alone and often spent hours visualizing his ideas in his mind. He believed that a clear mental picture was more important than physical testing. Despite their differences, both men changed the world. Edison’s approach shows us the value of persistence and teamwork. Tesla’s approach reminds us that imagination and vision are also powerful tools. Perhaps the best way to be creative is to combine both — use your imagination to dream, and use hard work to make those dreams come true. 1．According to the passage, how did Edison and Tesla differ? A．One was American and the other was European. B．One worked in the 19th century and the other in the 20th. C．One focused on practical testing and the other on mental imagining. D．One invented the light bulb and the other invented the radio. 2．What does Edison’s famous quote “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration” suggest? A．Inspiration is more important than hard work. B．Hard work is more important than inspiration. C．Geniuses do not need to work hard. D．Perspiration is a waste of time. 3．How did Tesla often develop his inventions? A．By testing thousands of materials. B．By working with a large team. C．By visualizing them in his mind first. D．By copying Edison’s work. 4．The word “visualizing” in the third paragraph most probably means ________. A．drawing pictures B．building models C．forming mental images D．writing descriptions 5．What is the writer’s final suggestion about creativity? A．Only Edison’s method works. B．Only Tesla’s method works. C．We should combine imagination with hard work. D．We should choose one method and stick to it. Passage 2 A Scientist Who Changed the World There are scientists whose discoveries have changed the course of history. One such scientist is Norman Borlaug, an American biologist who is often called the “Father of the Green Revolution.” Borlaug was born in 1914 in Iowa, USA．He studied plant biology and spent many years working in Mexico, where he developed a new type of wheat. This wheat was resistant to disease and could grow in different climates. In the 1960s, his work was introduced to India and Pakistan, where it helped farmers produce much more wheat. It is estimated that his research saved over a billion people from starvation. Like Yuan Longping, Borlaug was a humble man who cared deeply about helping others. He spent his life working in the fields, not in comfortable offices. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contributions to food production. The stories of Yuan Longping and Norman Borlaug show us that science can be a powerful tool for good. Both men dedicated their lives to solving one of humanity’s greatest problems — hunger. Their work continues to inspire scientists and farmers around the world. 1．What is Norman Borlaug often called? A．The Father of Hybrid Rice. B．The Father of the Green Revolution. C．The Father of Genetics. D．The Father of Modern Biology. 2．What did Borlaug develop in Mexico? A．A new type of rice. B．A new type of wheat. C．A new type of corn. D．A new type of potato. 3．How many people did Borlaug’s research save from starvation? A．Millions. B．Over a billion. C．Hundreds of thousands. D．Tens of thousands. 4．What prize did Norman Borlaug win in 1970? A．The Nobel Prize in Physics. B．The Nobel Peace Prize. C．The Nobel Prize in Medicine. D．The Pulitzer Prize. 5．What do Yuan Longping and Norman Borlaug have in common? A．They both studied plant biology. B．They both won the Nobel Prize. C．They both helped solve the problem of hunger. D．They both worked in Mexico. Passage 3 The Legacy of Yuan Longping Yuan Longping’s contribution to the world cannot be overstated. By developing hybrid rice, he helped solve the problem of food shortage for millions of people. His work was especially important for developing countries in Asia and Africa, where rice is a main food. What made Yuan special was not just his scientific achievement, but also his attitude. He often called himself a “farmer” because he spent most of his time in the fields, not in a laboratory. He wore simple clothes and lived a simple life. He once said, “My whole life is to make sure that people have enough food.” Yuan’s research philosophy was also inspiring. He compared doing research to high jumping. He believed that each achievement is just a stepping stone to the next goal. This mindset helped him keep pushing forward even in his 90s. He never stopped dreaming and never stopped working. Today, Yuan Longping’s legacy continues. Scientists around the world are building on his research to develop even better varieties of rice. His spirit of perseverance and dedication lives on in the hearts of all who know his story. 1．What problem did Yuan Longping help solve? A．Water pollution. B．Food shortage. C．Climate change. D．Energy crisis. 2．Why did Yuan Longping often call himself a “farmer”? A．Because he was born on a farm. B．Because he spent most of his time in the fields. C．Because he wore farmer’s clothes. D．Because he didn’t like laboratories. 3．What did Yuan Longping compare doing research to? A．Running a race. B．High jumping. C．Swimming. D．Cooking. 4．What does the underlined word “legacy” in the last paragraph mean? A．遗产；传承 B．金钱 C．成就 D．发明 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe how to grow hybrid rice. B．To explain why Yuan Longping was a farmer. C．To introduce Yuan Longping’s contributions and spirit. D．To compare hybrid rice with traditional rice. Passage 4 Unsung Heroes of Modern China Behind every great achievement in modern China, there are people whose names may not be familiar to everyone. These unsung heroes have devoted their lives to their work and have made contributions that have changed the course of history. Yu Min, a nuclear physicist, was one of the key figures in China’s hydrogen bomb program. He worked in secret for many years, and his name was not widely known until later in his life. His research required incredible patience and precision, and his work helped China become a major player in nuclear technology. Huang Xuhua faced similar challenges. He designed China’s first nuclear submarine without any foreign help. The project was so secret that he could not even tell his family what he was doing. He was the first chief engineer to join a test dive, setting a world record and proving the safety of the submarine. These scientists did not seek fame or fortune. They worked quietly, often in difficult conditions, because they believed in the importance of their work. Their stories remind us that greatness is often found in places where we least expect it. 1．What does the word “unsung” in the first paragraph mean? A．著名的 B．被遗忘的 C．未被歌颂的 D．有天赋的 2．What is Yu Min known for? A．Designing submarines. B．His work in China’s hydrogen bomb program. C．Discovering artemisinin. D．Building telescopes. 3．Why was Huang Xuhua’s project kept a secret? A．Because it was too dangerous. B．Because it was a national security project. C．Because it was not successful. D．Because he wanted to keep it private. 4．What world record did Huang Xuhua set? A．The first to design a submarine. B．The first chief engineer to join a test dive. C．The fastest submarine in the world. D．The youngest chief engineer. 5．What do Yu Min and Huang Xuhua have in common? A．They both won the Nobel Prize. B．They both worked on nuclear projects. C．They both worked in agriculture. D．They both became famous very early. Passage 5 A Modern Hero — Tu Youyou Tu Youyou is one of China’s most famous scientists. She was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou’s journey was not easy. She studied traditional Chinese medicine and modern science. In the 1960s, she was chosen to lead a team to find a cure for malaria, a deadly disease that was killing millions of people. At that time, there were no modern facilities or enough resources. Tu Youyou and her team worked day and night, testing over 200 herbs. Finally, she found a clue in an ancient Chinese medical book. She used a special method to extract artemisinin from a plant called sweet wormwood. What makes Tu Youyou truly great is not just her discovery, but her spirit. She was patient, determined, and willing to sacrifice. She even tested the drug on herself to make sure it was safe. Her story teaches us that great achievements come from hard work, perseverance, and a strong belief in one’s purpose. 1．What did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize for? A．Her research on traditional Chinese medicine. B．Her discovery of artemisinin. C．Her work on malaria treatment in China. D．Her contributions to modern science education. 2．When was Tu Youyou chosen to lead the team to find a cure for malaria? A．In the 1950s. B．In the 1960s. C．In the 1970s. D．In the 1980s. 3．What did Tu Youyou find in an ancient Chinese medical book? A．A new way to study medicine. B．A clue for extracting artemisinin. C．A list of herbs for malaria. D．A cure for all diseases. 4．What does the underlined word “sacrifice” in the last paragraph mean? A．享受 B．牺牲 C．研究 D．观察 5．What can we learn from Tu Youyou’s story? A．Success comes easily to talented people. B．Perseverance and hard work lead to great achievements. C．Only scientists can make great contributions. D．Traditional medicine is better than modern science. Passage 6 On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking, the world-famous British scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the big bang (大爆炸) and will end in black holes. His theories became the base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time, which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone that had a strong will and an optimistic attitude (乐观心态) . When Hawking was 21, he was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and speak using a computer. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. He traveled around the world for science meetings, visiting every continent (大洲) , including Antarctica (南极洲) . In 1985, he took a train trip around China. He was also a fan of pop culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek (星际迷航) and The Big Bang Theory (生活大爆炸) . He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. He hoped to travel into space one day. Hawking left our universe forever. One of science’s brightest stars went dark. 1．What was Stephen Hawking? A．A movie star. B．A teacher. C．A scientist. D．A musician. 2．Which is the name of Hawking’s most famous book? A．Star Trek. B．A Brief History of Time. C．The Big Bang Theory. D．Big Bang. 3．What does the underlined word “will” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．将来 B．遗嘱 C．心愿 D．意志 4．How did Hawking celebrate his 60th birthday? A．He traveled to Antarctica. B．He took a trip by hot-air balloon. C．He traveled into space. D．He took part in a science meeting in the UK. Passage 7 Einstein’s Early Struggles Many people believe that great scientists like Albert Einstein were always successful in school. The truth is quite different. As a young student, Einstein did not always get good grades. He was not interested in memorizing facts or following strict rules. He preferred to think deeply about problems on his own. Einstein’s teachers often found him difficult. He asked too many questions and did not always follow instructions. Some teachers thought he was lazy or not very clever. However, Einstein’s parents noticed his special talent. They encouraged him to follow his curiosity. When Einstein was 16, he wrote his first scientific paper. It was about the magnetic fields. Although it was not perfect, it showed his ability to think in new and creative ways. This early experience taught him that failure is not something to fear. He once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” Einstein’s early struggles show us that success does not come from perfect grades or following rules. It comes from curiosity, determination, and the courage to think differently. He is proof that being “different” can be the first step to greatness. 1．What was Einstein NOT interested in as a young student? A．Thinking deeply about problems. B．Memorizing facts and following strict rules. C．Asking questions. D．Writing scientific papers. 2．What did some of Einstein’s teachers think of him? A．He was very bright. B．He was lazy or not very clever. C．He was a model student. D．He was too quiet. 3．How old was Einstein when he wrote his first scientific paper? A．14. B．15. C．16. D．17. 4．What does Einstein’s early experience teach him? A．That he was not smart enough. B．That failure is something to fear. C．That failure is not something to fear. D．That he should follow rules strictly. 5．What is the main message of this passage? A．Einstein was a poor student who never succeeded. B．Curiosity and determination matter more than perfect grades. C．Only geniuses can become great scientists. D．Teachers are always right about their students. Passage 8 Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942. He was a world-famous scientist who made great contributions to physics and cosmology. However, his life was full of challenges. At the age of 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a serious illness called ALS. The doctors told him that he only had a few years to live. The disease slowly robbed him of the ability to move his muscles. Eventually, he had to sit in a wheelchair and could only speak through a computer. Many people would have lost hope in such a situation, but not Hawking. He had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. “Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free,” he once said. He continued his research and wrote many important books. His most famous book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 25 million copies. Hawking lived on and worked till he died at 76. He never let his illness stand in his way. Today, he is remembered not only for his scientific achievements, but also for his courage to fight against difficulties. 1．When was Stephen Hawking born? A．In 1942. B．In 1954. C．In 1963. D．In 1976. 2．What happened to Hawking at the age of 21? A．He finished his university study. B．He was diagnosed with a serious illness. C．He published his first book. D．He moved to the USA． 3．How did Hawking speak in his later life? A．With his mouth. B．Through a computer. C．By writing. D．By signs. 4．Which book is Hawking’s most famous work? A．The Universe. B．A Brief History of Time. C．Time Travel. D．My Life. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Hawking was a great writer. B．Hawking was brave and never gave up. C．Hawking liked travelling. D．Hawking was good at physics. Passage 9 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 When talking about the most famous scientists in China, Zhu Kezhen is certainly among them. Zhu was born in 1890. He could read at the age of 2. From the story of Dripping Water Wears Through a Stone, he learned that perseverance (坚持) is the key to success. In 1910, Zhu went to study agriculture (农业) in the United States. Then, in 1913, he went to Harvard University to study meteorology (气象) . And five years later, he returned to China. In the following ten years, Zhu spent his time on meteorological work in the country. It was Zhu’s dream to serve our nation with what he learned. In the autumn of 1936, Zhu served as the president of Zhejiang University. At an opening ceremony (典礼), he asked the new students two questions: First, what are you doing here? Second, what kind of person will you become after finishing your schoolwork? Later, he also gave a speech on the spirit of looking for the truth and a strict scientific attitude (态度). Zhu compared himself to “a rustless screw”. His life is about finding the truth and learning new things. “A rustless screw” usually describes a positive person who works hard for the country, though there are many difficulties and challenges. 1．Who is Zhu Kezhen? ____________________________________________________ . 2．When did Zhu Kezhen return to China? __________________________________________________________ . 3．What was Zhu’s dream? ___________________________________________________________ . 4．What spirit should scientists keep according to Zhu? ___________________________________________________________ . 5．In what order does the writer write the text? ______________________________________________________ . Passage 10 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Qian Xuesen—Father of Chinese Rocket Science Qian Xuesen was a famous scientist who made great contributions to China’s missile and space programs. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1911. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology in the United States. After returning to China in 1955, he led the development of China’s first missiles and satellites. Qian Xuesen’s work was very important for China’s national defense and space exploration. He is known as the “Father of Chinese Rocket Science”. He devoted his entire life to science and his country. He once said, “My career is in China, my success is in China, and my destination is in China.” Qian Xuesen’s spirit of dedication and patriotism continues to inspire young people in China. He passed away in 2009, but his legacy lives on. 1．When was Qian Xuesen born? ____________________________________________________ 2．Where did Qian Xuesen study in the United States? __________________________________________________________ 3．When did Qian Xuesen return to China? ________________________________________________________ 4．What is Qian Xuesen known as? ___________________________________________________________ 5．What inspired young people according to the passage? ______________________________________________________ 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 Lu Yonggen was a famous rice scientist born into a rich Hong Kong family. He could enjoy a comfortable and easy life, but he chose to spend all his life working in rural rice fields. He dressed simply and ate plain meals all year round. Unlike many scientists who liked media interviews, Lu never chased public praise or high rewards. For decades, he studied high-yield rice to solve food shortage problems across China. He spent all his spare time doing field experiments in the hot farmlands. At the age of 89, he donated all his savings of 8.8 million yuan to agricultural education. He also decided to donate his body for medical research after his death. Lu’s life is just like peanuts: plain appearance, endless value for the whole society. His spirit tells us that real success never lies in attractive looks or great fame, but in silent lifelong contributions to others. 1．What was Lu Yonggen’s job? A．A doctor. B．A rice scientist. C．A postman. D．A teacher. 2．Why didn’t Lu Yonggen chase media attention? A．He hated cameras. B．He valued silent research more than fame. C．He was too shy to face reporters. D．He had no time for interviews. 3．What did Lu donate in his old age? A．His house. B．All his money. C．His rice fields. D．All his clothes. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Rich people cannot be useful to society. B．Being attractive is more important than devotion. C．Plain ordinary people can create great value. D．Scientific research must bring big rewards. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Peanut-like Rice Scientist. B．How to Grow High-yield Rice. C．Ways to Get Public Praise. D．Life in Hong Kong Rich Families. Passage 2 Jane Goodall, a famous British scientist known for studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩), visited China from November to December 2024. She came to celebrate the 30th birthday of her environmental program, Roots & Shoots, in China. During her visit, Goodall shared many of her stories. When Goodall was a child, she loved reading and exploring nature. Her mother always encouraged her to ask questions and learn more. Goodall dreamed of seeing animals in their natural homes. In 1957, at age 23, Jane traveled to Kenya, Africa. There, she met the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who needed someone to study chimpanzees to understand human history. He believed Jane was perfect for the job. In 1960, Jane began working in Tanzania’s Gombe Forest. At first, chimpanzees were afraid of her. She spent months quietly watching them until they trusted her. She gave each chimp a name instead of using numbers and discovered they had feelings and families, just like humans. In October 1960, Goodall made an amazing discovery. She saw two chimpanzees using tools to get food. Before this, people thought only humans used tools. This discovery showed that chimpanzees are intelligent and social animals. Jane spent her life protecting animals and the environment. She started the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977. In 1991, she set up Roots & Shoots program, which came to China in 1994, to encourage young people to take action to help the Earth. “If we all do our part to help, the world will be a better place,” she said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer organize the text? A．By listing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By following time order. D．By expressing reasons. 2．What can we infer about Jane Goodall’s childhood from Paragraph 2? A．She dreamed of working in a zoo. B．She was not interested in asking questions. C．She preferred reading to exploring nature. D．Her mother’s support helped shape her career. 3．How did Jane Goodall get chimpanzees’ trust in Gombe Forest? A．By feeding them food every day. B．By using numbers to name them. C．By studying their family relationship. D．By sitting quietly and watching them for months. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Goodall discovered chimpanzees used tools like humans in 1961. B．Goodall visited China to celebrate the 30th birthday of Roots & Shoots in China. C．Louis Leakey met Jane Goodall in Tanzania in 1957 and chose her for the research. D．Goodall found Roots & Shoots program in China in 1994 to protect the environment. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the life and achievements of Jane Goodall. B．To show the importance of studying chimpanzees. C．To tell how to protect the environment in China. D．To know Jane Goodall’s friendship with Louis Leakey. Passage 3 The Scientist Who Changed Medicine Marie Curie was a scientist who changed the world. She was born in Poland in 1867 and later moved to France to study science. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she won it twice in two different fields—Physics and Chemistry. Marie Curie’s research on radioactivity was groundbreaking. Her work helped develop X-ray machines, which have saved countless lives. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units to help wounded soldiers. She personally drove these units to the front lines and trained others to use them. Her dedication to science and humanity is truly inspiring. Despite facing many difficulties as a woman in science, Marie Curie never gave up. She worked long hours in her laboratory and made many important discoveries. Her work laid the foundation for modern nuclear physics and medicine. She is remembered as one of the greatest scientists in history. 1．Where was Marie Curie born? A．In France. B．In Poland. C．In Germany. D．In England. 2．How many Nobel Prizes did Marie Curie win? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What did Marie Curie do during World War I? A．She stopped her research. B．She set up mobile X-ray units. C．She moved to America. D．She wrote a book about science. 4．What did Marie Curie’s research help develop? A．The radio. B．X-ray machines. C．The telephone. D．The television. 5．What can we learn from Marie Curie? A．Science is only for men. B．Dedication and hard work can lead to great achievements. C．Women cannot succeed in science. D．Success comes easily. Passage 4 Tu Youyou—A Pioneer in Medicine Tu Youyou is a Chinese scientist who made a remarkable contribution to global health. She discovered a drug that has saved millions of lives. In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work. Tu was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine. In the 1960s, a serious disease was spreading across many countries. The disease was killing thousands of people, and there was no effective treatment. In 1969, Tu was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu’s team took a unique approach. They looked into traditional Chinese medicine and read many ancient medical texts. After hundreds of experiments and failures, Tu finally found a substance that could treat the disease. To speed up the process, Tu and her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves. Their courage and dedication paid off. The drug was proven safe and effective. Since its discovery, the drug has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou’s work is a shining example of how traditional knowledge and modern science can work together to benefit humanity. 1．What award did Tu Youyou receive in 2015? A．The Nobel Prize in Chemistry. B．The Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. D．The Nobel Peace Prize. 2．What did Tu Youyou study at Beijing Medical College? A．Physics. B．Chemistry. C．Medicine. D．Biology. 3．Why was Tu chosen to lead a research team? A．Because she was the oldest scientist. B．Because she had experience in traditional Chinese medicine. C．Because she had studied abroad. D．Because she had discovered many drugs before. 4．What did Tu and her team do to speed up the process? A．They asked other scientists for help. B．They used modern technology. C．They volunteered to test the drug on themselves. D．They published their research. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tu Youyou discovered a drug through traditional Chinese medicine and modern science. B．Tu Youyou was the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize. C．Traditional Chinese medicine is better than modern medicine. D．Tu Youyou worked alone to discover the drug. Passage 5 Yu Min was an important Chinese nuclear physicist (核物理学家) and was honored as “the father of Chinese Hydrogen Bomb (氢弹)”. Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926. When he was in high school, he was an excellent student. Later, he studied at Peking University. In 1951, he became a scientist and began to study nuclear physics. In 1961, when Yu was given the work of researching the hydrogen bomb, he accepted it without thinking twice. For the next 28 years, his work remained secret (秘密的) and stayed hidden from the public. Even his family didn’t know his work. To develop China’s own hydrogen bomb quickly, Yu worked day and night. He guided his team to create a complete design after three months of hard work. After working in hard environments for years, his body became weak. But he never gave up. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (原子弹爆炸) successfully. Later, on June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb exploded, making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs, much quicker than the USA (7 years), France (8.5 years) or the UK (4.5 years). Yu came back to public view in 1999, receiving the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Merit Award for his work, together with some other scientists such as Sun Jiadong, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen and Deng Jiaxian. In 2015, Yu Min won the National Science and Technology Award. In January 2019, Yu Min died, leaving his deep love for the country. 1．Where was Yu Min born? ______________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yu Min keep his work a secret? ___________________________________________________________ 3．When did China’s first atomic bomb explode? _____________________________________________________________ 4．Which country was the fastest to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs? __________________________________________________________ 5．What can you learn from Yu Min? _______________________________________________________________ Passage 6 阅读表达（答案≤10 词） Stephen Hawking’s life is full of hard challenges. He was diagnosed with a terrible disease at 21, which robbed him of normal movement and speech. However, he kept a positive attitude and spent all his life furthering the study of the universe. His work changed people’s ideas about space and time, and his book A Brief History of Time became popular all over the world. He tells us that we should never let troubles stand in our way, and we can always find something to do and succeed at as long as we don’t give up. 1．When did Hawking get the serious disease? _____________________________________________________ 2．What did Hawking spend his whole life researching? _________________________________________________________ 3．What changed people’s view of space and time? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the name of Hawking’s famous book? ____________________________________________________________ 5．What should we do when facing difficulties? _____________________________________________________________ Passage 7 The greatest scientists are famous not only for their discoveries, but also for their interesting lives. Having a special, uncommon mind often goes hand in hand with unusual acts. Nikola Tesla is known for many inventions. One is the AC motor. While inventing something, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind first. Tesla said he wanted to do it because of his mother, who invented household electrical machines when he was a child. Another scientist encouraged by his mother was Albert Einstein, though what he got from his mother was a love of music. In fact, Einstein often played the piano and violin to help him brainstorm. Einstein’s great works include the most famous E=mc2 and his Theory of Relativity. However, thanks to his wild hair, he is also well-known for the looks of a “mad scientist” and you can tell that he had some interesting quirks (怪癖). For example, he had a strong dislike of wearing socks. Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest. That quiet child in the corner may one day be the next Tesla or Einstein. 1．What is one of Tesla’s famous inventions? ____________________________________________________________ 2．Why could Tesla keep things in mind while inventing something? ____________________________________________________________ 3．What did Einstein get from his mother to help brainstorm? ___________________________________________________________ 4．What quirk did Einstein have? (Listing one is OK.) _____________________________________________________________ 5．What sentence do you want to use to end the text? (Your sentence should be different from the underlined one in the text.) _________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded (成立) and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite (卫星). On April 24, 1970, “Dongfanghong-1” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? _________________________________________________________ 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? ____________________________________________________________ 3．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? ____________________________________________________________ 4．What did New China need at that time? __________________________________________________________ 5．Has Mr Qian been dead for more than ten years? ___________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great People 阅读理解&阅读问答题型专练（话题：人与社会——著名人物） 热点题型概览 核心模块 阅读理解（选择题） 阅读问答（任务型阅读・简答题） 题型解读 1. 中考标准设置：一篇短文配 4‑5 道单项选择题；体裁以人物记叙文、说明文为主； 2. 核心题型：细节查找、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、写作顺序、观点态度； 3. 文本围绕国内外杰出科学家、发明家的生平事迹、科研成就、精神品质展开。 1. 中考主流题型：一篇短文配 5 道简答题，分简答与完整句作答两类，部分题目设置严格词数限制； 2. 考查信息定位筛选、语言转述、归纳概括能力；高频出现 what/when/where/why 特殊疑问句，包含开放表达类试题； 3. 素材以中外名人故事、科学家人物传记为主。 解题技巧 1. 圈画题干人名、时间、事件关键词，回原文定位信息句； 2. 细节题严格依托原文人物事实，拒绝主观脑补； 3. 结合人物上下文故事语境推断生词含义； 4. 推理判断题不能选原文原句，区分客观事实与推断结论； 5. 关注首尾段提炼人物精神、文章主旨；留意时间词判断写作顺序； 6. 做完核对选项和人物、事件、时间是否匹配。 1. 抓取题干疑问词，锁定原文对应人物段落； 2. 严格遵守词数要求，提炼关键信息，禁止大段摘抄； 3. 注意时态统一，回答人物生平多用一般过去时；做好人称转换； 4. when 抓时间，where 抓地点，why 锁定原因语句； 5. 开放感悟题要结合人物品质作答，不能脱离文本； 6. 检查大小写、名词单复数、语法拼写错误。 命题预测 - 单元话题 科学家成长经历、重大发明发现、爱国奉献、坚持不懈、不畏苦难、好奇心与创新精神、不同名人品质对比。 名人生平时间事件梳理、人物优秀品质概括、事件原因梳理、写作顺序判断、感悟启示类开放问答。 命题预测 - 核心考点 高频考点：代词指代、词义猜测；时间顺序写作手法；人物事迹对比；长难人物事件句理解；段落主旨；事实与推断辨析。 高频考点：人物信息提取；同义改写；特殊疑问词规范作答；时态一致性；段落信息归纳；开放性感悟表达。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Two Minds, Two Stories When we think of great inventors, two names often come to mind: Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. Both were brilliant, but their approaches to creativity were very different. Edison is known for his practical inventions, such as the light bulb and the phonograph. He believed in hard work and teamwork. He once said, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水).” Edison had a large team of assistants and tested thousands of materials before finding the right one for the light bulb filament. His method was trial and error — keep trying until something works. Tesla, on the other hand, was a dreamer. He imagined his inventions in complete detail before building them. He is known for his work on alternating current (AC) electricity, which powers most of our homes today. Tesla preferred to work alone and often spent hours visualizing his ideas in his mind. He believed that a clear mental picture was more important than physical testing. Despite their differences, both men changed the world. Edison’s approach shows us the value of persistence and teamwork. Tesla’s approach reminds us that imagination and vision are also powerful tools. Perhaps the best way to be creative is to combine both — use your imagination to dream, and use hard work to make those dreams come true. 1．According to the passage, how did Edison and Tesla differ? A．One was American and the other was European. B．One worked in the 19th century and the other in the 20th. C．One focused on practical testing and the other on mental imagining. D．One invented the light bulb and the other invented the radio. 2．What does Edison’s famous quote “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration” suggest? A．Inspiration is more important than hard work. B．Hard work is more important than inspiration. C．Geniuses do not need to work hard. D．Perspiration is a waste of time. 3．How did Tesla often develop his inventions? A．By testing thousands of materials. B．By working with a large team. C．By visualizing them in his mind first. D．By copying Edison’s work. 4．The word “visualizing” in the third paragraph most probably means ________. A．drawing pictures B．building models C．forming mental images D．writing descriptions 5．What is the writer’s final suggestion about creativity? A．Only Edison’s method works. B．Only Tesla’s method works. C．We should combine imagination with hard work. D．We should choose one method and stick to it. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文对比了爱迪生和特斯拉的不同创造方式，最后建议将两者的优点结合——既要用想象力构思梦想，也要用勤奋努力实现梦想。 【详解】1．本文明确说：“Edison is known for his practical inventions... Tesla, on the other hand, was a dreamer.”Edison以他的实用型发明而闻名……Tesla则相反，他是个梦想家。第2段详述Edison“trial and error”进行实际测试，第3段详述Tesla“visualizing his ideas in his mind”脑中想象。因此Edison和Tesla的不同之处在于一个注重实际测试，另一个注重脑中想象。 2．第2段提到“He believed in hard work and teamwork. He once said, ‘Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水).’ ”Edison相信努力和团队合作，因此他说“天才=1%灵感+99%汗水”，明显强调努力比灵感更重要。 3．第3段提到“Tesla preferred to work alone and often spent hours visualizing his ideas in his mind”Tesla经常是通过脑中想象进行发明的。 4．第3段的“in his mind”和“He believed that a clear mental picture was more important than physical testing.”可知，visualizing的意思是在脑中形成心理图像。 5．最后一段最后一句：“Perhaps the best way ... is to combine both—use your imagination to dream, and use hard work to make those dreams come true.”明确建议结合想象与努力。 Passage 2 A Scientist Who Changed the World There are scientists whose discoveries have changed the course of history. One such scientist is Norman Borlaug, an American biologist who is often called the “Father of the Green Revolution.” Borlaug was born in 1914 in Iowa, USA．He studied plant biology and spent many years working in Mexico, where he developed a new type of wheat. This wheat was resistant to disease and could grow in different climates. In the 1960s, his work was introduced to India and Pakistan, where it helped farmers produce much more wheat. It is estimated that his research saved over a billion people from starvation. Like Yuan Longping, Borlaug was a humble man who cared deeply about helping others. He spent his life working in the fields, not in comfortable offices. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contributions to food production. The stories of Yuan Longping and Norman Borlaug show us that science can be a powerful tool for good. Both men dedicated their lives to solving one of humanity’s greatest problems — hunger. Their work continues to inspire scientists and farmers around the world. 1．What is Norman Borlaug often called? A．The Father of Hybrid Rice. B．The Father of the Green Revolution. C．The Father of Genetics. D．The Father of Modern Biology. 2．What did Borlaug develop in Mexico? A．A new type of rice. B．A new type of wheat. C．A new type of corn. D．A new type of potato. 3．How many people did Borlaug’s research save from starvation? A．Millions. B．Over a billion. C．Hundreds of thousands. D．Tens of thousands. 4．What prize did Norman Borlaug win in 1970? A．The Nobel Prize in Physics. B．The Nobel Peace Prize. C．The Nobel Prize in Medicine. D．The Pulitzer Prize. 5．What do Yuan Longping and Norman Borlaug have in common? A．They both studied plant biology. B．They both won the Nobel Prize. C．They both helped solve the problem of hunger. D．They both worked in Mexico. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了被誉为绿色革命之父的科学家Norman Borlaug的生平、科研成果、荣誉，并且将他和袁隆平对比，点明二人都致力于解决饥饿难题。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“an American biologist who is often called the ‘Father of the Green Revolution.’”可知，他常被称作绿色革命之父。 2．根据文章第二段“He studied plant biology and spent many years working in Mexico, where he developed a new type of wheat.”可知，他在墨西哥培育出新型小麦。 3．根据文章第二段“It is estimated that his research saved over a billion people from starvation.”可知，他的研究拯救了超过十亿人免于饥饿。 4．根据文章第三段“He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contributions to food production.”可知，他在1970年斩获诺贝尔和平奖。 5．根据文章第四段“Both men dedicated their lives to solving one of humanity’s greatest problems — hunger.”可知，二人的共同点是都帮忙解决饥饿难题。 Passage 3 The Legacy of Yuan Longping Yuan Longping’s contribution to the world cannot be overstated. By developing hybrid rice, he helped solve the problem of food shortage for millions of people. His work was especially important for developing countries in Asia and Africa, where rice is a main food. What made Yuan special was not just his scientific achievement, but also his attitude. He often called himself a “farmer” because he spent most of his time in the fields, not in a laboratory. He wore simple clothes and lived a simple life. He once said, “My whole life is to make sure that people have enough food.” Yuan’s research philosophy was also inspiring. He compared doing research to high jumping. He believed that each achievement is just a stepping stone to the next goal. This mindset helped him keep pushing forward even in his 90s. He never stopped dreaming and never stopped working. Today, Yuan Longping’s legacy continues. Scientists around the world are building on his research to develop even better varieties of rice. His spirit of perseverance and dedication lives on in the hearts of all who know his story. 1．What problem did Yuan Longping help solve? A．Water pollution. B．Food shortage. C．Climate change. D．Energy crisis. 2．Why did Yuan Longping often call himself a “farmer”? A．Because he was born on a farm. B．Because he spent most of his time in the fields. C．Because he wore farmer’s clothes. D．Because he didn’t like laboratories. 3．What did Yuan Longping compare doing research to? A．Running a race. B．High jumping. C．Swimming. D．Cooking. 4．What does the underlined word “legacy” in the last paragraph mean? A．遗产；传承 B．金钱 C．成就 D．发明 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe how to grow hybrid rice. B．To explain why Yuan Longping was a farmer. C．To introduce Yuan Longping’s contributions and spirit. D．To compare hybrid rice with traditional rice. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了袁隆平的贡献、品格、科研理念以及他留下的精神遗产。 【详解】1．根据第一段“By developing hybrid rice, he helped solve the problem of food shortage for millions of people.”可知，袁隆平帮助解决的问题是粮食短缺。 2．根据第二段“He often called himself a ‘farmer’ because he spent most of his time in the fields, not in a laboratory.”可知，袁隆平常称自己为“农民”的原因是他大部分时间都在田间。 3．根据第三段“He compared doing research to high jumping.”可知，他将研究比作跳高。 4．根据最后一段“Today, Yuan Longping’s legacy continues. Scientists around the world are building on his research...His spirit of perseverance and dedication lives on...”可知，袁隆平的科研成果被全球科学家继续发展，他的精神也在人们心中延续，可推知“legacy”意为“遗产；传承”，并非单纯的金钱、成就或发明。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了袁隆平在杂交水稻方面的贡献、他的工作态度、研究哲学以及他的精神传承。选项C“介绍袁隆平的贡献和精神”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 4 Unsung Heroes of Modern China Behind every great achievement in modern China, there are people whose names may not be familiar to everyone. These unsung heroes have devoted their lives to their work and have made contributions that have changed the course of history. Yu Min, a nuclear physicist, was one of the key figures in China’s hydrogen bomb program. He worked in secret for many years, and his name was not widely known until later in his life. His research required incredible patience and precision, and his work helped China become a major player in nuclear technology. Huang Xuhua faced similar challenges. He designed China’s first nuclear submarine without any foreign help. The project was so secret that he could not even tell his family what he was doing. He was the first chief engineer to join a test dive, setting a world record and proving the safety of the submarine. These scientists did not seek fame or fortune. They worked quietly, often in difficult conditions, because they believed in the importance of their work. Their stories remind us that greatness is often found in places where we least expect it. 1．What does the word “unsung” in the first paragraph mean? A．著名的 B．被遗忘的 C．未被歌颂的 D．有天赋的 2．What is Yu Min known for? A．Designing submarines. B．His work in China’s hydrogen bomb program. C．Discovering artemisinin. D．Building telescopes. 3．Why was Huang Xuhua’s project kept a secret? A．Because it was too dangerous. B．Because it was a national security project. C．Because it was not successful. D．Because he wanted to keep it private. 4．What world record did Huang Xuhua set? A．The first to design a submarine. B．The first chief engineer to join a test dive. C．The fastest submarine in the world. D．The youngest chief engineer. 5．What do Yu Min and Huang Xuhua have in common? A．They both won the Nobel Prize. B．They both worked on nuclear projects. C．They both worked in agriculture. D．They both became famous very early. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物说明文，介绍了于敏、黄旭华两位隐姓埋名的核领域科研工作者，讲述二人默默投身国防核项目、不求名利的事迹，赞美平凡科研者伟大的奉献精神。 【详解】1．原文第一段句子“Behind every great achievement in modern China, there are people whose names may not be familiar to everyone. These unsung heroes have devoted their lives to their work”，文中说明这类英雄名字不被大众熟知、默默奉献，unsung含义为“未被歌颂的”。 2．原文第二段句子“Yu Min, a nuclear physicist, was one of the key figures in China’s hydrogen bomb program.”，直接点明于敏是中国氢弹研发计划的核心人物。 3．原文第三段句子“He designed China’s first nuclear submarine without any foreign help. The project was so secret that he could not even tell his family what he was doing.”，核潜艇属于国家核心国防安全工程，项目高度保密。 4．原文第三段句子“He was the first chief engineer to join a test dive, setting a world record and proving the safety of the submarine.”，说明黄旭华作为总工程师亲自参与下潜试验，创下世界纪录。 5．根据第二段“Yu Min, a nuclear physicist, was one of the key figures in China’s hydrogen bomb program.”以及第三段“He designed China’s first nuclear submarine...”可知，于敏参与氢弹研究，黄旭华设计核潜艇，两人都从事核项目。 Passage 5 A Modern Hero — Tu Youyou Tu Youyou is one of China’s most famous scientists. She was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou’s journey was not easy. She studied traditional Chinese medicine and modern science. In the 1960s, she was chosen to lead a team to find a cure for malaria, a deadly disease that was killing millions of people. At that time, there were no modern facilities or enough resources. Tu Youyou and her team worked day and night, testing over 200 herbs. Finally, she found a clue in an ancient Chinese medical book. She used a special method to extract artemisinin from a plant called sweet wormwood. What makes Tu Youyou truly great is not just her discovery, but her spirit. She was patient, determined, and willing to sacrifice. She even tested the drug on herself to make sure it was safe. Her story teaches us that great achievements come from hard work, perseverance, and a strong belief in one’s purpose. 1．What did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize for? A．Her research on traditional Chinese medicine. B．Her discovery of artemisinin. C．Her work on malaria treatment in China. D．Her contributions to modern science education. 2．When was Tu Youyou chosen to lead the team to find a cure for malaria? A．In the 1950s. B．In the 1960s. C．In the 1970s. D．In the 1980s. 3．What did Tu Youyou find in an ancient Chinese medical book? A．A new way to study medicine. B．A clue for extracting artemisinin. C．A list of herbs for malaria. D．A cure for all diseases. 4．What does the underlined word “sacrifice” in the last paragraph mean? A．享受 B．牺牲 C．研究 D．观察 5．What can we learn from Tu Youyou’s story? A．Success comes easily to talented people. B．Perseverance and hard work lead to great achievements. C．Only scientists can make great contributions. D．Traditional medicine is better than modern science. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了诺贝尔医学奖得主屠呦呦的生平经历、发现青蒿素的艰难研究历程，以及她身上值得学习的宝贵精神品质。 【详解】1．根据第一段“In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin…”可知，她获得诺贝尔奖是因为发现了青蒿素。 2．根据第二段“In the 1960s, she was chosen to lead a team to find a cure for malaria…”可知，她是在20世纪60年代被选中领导团队寻找疟疾治愈方法的。 3．根据第二段“Finally, she found a clue in an ancient Chinese medical book. She used a special method to extract artemisinin…”可知，她在古医书中找到了提取青蒿素的线索。 4．根据最后一段“She was patient, determined, and willing to sacrifice. She even tested the drug on herself…”可知，她甚至在自己身上测试药物，这体现了她愿意牺牲个人安全的精神，故“sacrifice”意为“牺牲”。 5．根据最后一段“Her story teaches us that great achievements come from hard work, perseverance, and a strong belief in one’s purpose.”可知，她的故事告诉我们伟大的成就源于努力工作、毅力和坚定的信念。 Passage 6 On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking, the world-famous British scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the big bang (大爆炸) and will end in black holes. His theories became the base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time, which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone that had a strong will and an optimistic attitude (乐观心态) . When Hawking was 21, he was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and speak using a computer. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. He traveled around the world for science meetings, visiting every continent (大洲) , including Antarctica (南极洲) . In 1985, he took a train trip around China. He was also a fan of pop culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek (星际迷航) and The Big Bang Theory (生活大爆炸) . He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. He hoped to travel into space one day. Hawking left our universe forever. One of science’s brightest stars went dark. 1．What was Stephen Hawking? A．A movie star. B．A teacher. C．A scientist. D．A musician. 2．Which is the name of Hawking’s most famous book? A．Star Trek. B．A Brief History of Time. C．The Big Bang Theory. D．Big Bang. 3．What does the underlined word “will” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．将来 B．遗嘱 C．心愿 D．意志 4．How did Hawking celebrate his 60th birthday? A．He traveled to Antarctica. B．He took a trip by hot-air balloon. C．He traveled into space. D．He took part in a science meeting in the UK. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了著名英国科学家霍金的科学成就、人生经历与乐观的人生态度。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段第一句“Stephen Hawking, the world-famous British scientist”可知，霍金是一位世界著名的英国科学家。 2．根据文章第二段最后一句“His most famous book is A Brief History of Time”可知，霍金最著名的书是《时间简史》。 3．根据文章第四段内容，霍金身患重病，无法行走和说话，但他依然过着有意义的生活，结合“strong ... and an optimistic attitude”可知，此处指他拥有坚强的“意志”。 4．根据文章第四段倒数第二句“He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon.”可知，霍金通过乘坐热气球升空来庆祝他的 60 岁生日。 Passage 7 Einstein’s Early Struggles Many people believe that great scientists like Albert Einstein were always successful in school. The truth is quite different. As a young student, Einstein did not always get good grades. He was not interested in memorizing facts or following strict rules. He preferred to think deeply about problems on his own. Einstein’s teachers often found him difficult. He asked too many questions and did not always follow instructions. Some teachers thought he was lazy or not very clever. However, Einstein’s parents noticed his special talent. They encouraged him to follow his curiosity. When Einstein was 16, he wrote his first scientific paper. It was about the magnetic fields. Although it was not perfect, it showed his ability to think in new and creative ways. This early experience taught him that failure is not something to fear. He once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” Einstein’s early struggles show us that success does not come from perfect grades or following rules. It comes from curiosity, determination, and the courage to think differently. He is proof that being “different” can be the first step to greatness. 1．What was Einstein NOT interested in as a young student? A．Thinking deeply about problems. B．Memorizing facts and following strict rules. C．Asking questions. D．Writing scientific papers. 2．What did some of Einstein’s teachers think of him? A．He was very bright. B．He was lazy or not very clever. C．He was a model student. D．He was too quiet. 3．How old was Einstein when he wrote his first scientific paper? A．14. B．15. C．16. D．17. 4．What does Einstein’s early experience teach him? A．That he was not smart enough. B．That failure is something to fear. C．That failure is not something to fear. D．That he should follow rules strictly. 5．What is the main message of this passage? A．Einstein was a poor student who never succeeded. B．Curiosity and determination matter more than perfect grades. C．Only geniuses can become great scientists. D．Teachers are always right about their students. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爱因斯坦学生时代的早期挫折经历，揭示了他不擅死记硬背、不守常规，却因好奇心和独立思考而最终走向伟大的过程，强调成功源于好奇心、决心和敢于与众不同。 【详解】1．第一段明确说明：“He was not interested in memorizing facts or following strict rules”，直接对应题目中爱因斯坦年少时不感兴趣的内容。 2．第二段提到：“Some teachers thought he was lazy or not very clever”，直接给出部分老师对爱因斯坦的评价。 3．第三段开篇指出：“When Einstein was 16, he wrote his first scientific paper”，清晰说明他完成首篇科学论文的年龄。 4．第三段后续内容提到：“This early experience taught him that failure is not something to fear”，点明这段早期经历带给他的核心感悟。 5．第四段总结全文：“success does not come from perfect grades or following rules. It comes from curiosity, determination, and the courage to think differently”，直接对应文章传递的核心主旨。 Passage 8 Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942. He was a world-famous scientist who made great contributions to physics and cosmology. However, his life was full of challenges. At the age of 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a serious illness called ALS. The doctors told him that he only had a few years to live. The disease slowly robbed him of the ability to move his muscles. Eventually, he had to sit in a wheelchair and could only speak through a computer. Many people would have lost hope in such a situation, but not Hawking. He had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. “Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free,” he once said. He continued his research and wrote many important books. His most famous book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 25 million copies. Hawking lived on and worked till he died at 76. He never let his illness stand in his way. Today, he is remembered not only for his scientific achievements, but also for his courage to fight against difficulties. 1．When was Stephen Hawking born? A．In 1942. B．In 1954. C．In 1963. D．In 1976. 2．What happened to Hawking at the age of 21? A．He finished his university study. B．He was diagnosed with a serious illness. C．He published his first book. D．He moved to the USA． 3．How did Hawking speak in his later life? A．With his mouth. B．Through a computer. C．By writing. D．By signs. 4．Which book is Hawking’s most famous work? A．The Universe. B．A Brief History of Time. C．Time Travel. D．My Life. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Hawking was a great writer. B．Hawking was brave and never gave up. C．Hawking liked travelling. D．Hawking was good at physics. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍著名科学家史蒂芬·霍金身患重病依旧乐观坚持科研、永不放弃的励志人生经历。 【详解】1．根据第一段中“Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942.”可知，史蒂芬·霍金出生于1942年。 2．根据第二段中“At the age of 21, Hawking was diagnosed with a serious illness called ALS.”可知，霍金二十一岁时被确诊患上一种名为肌萎缩侧索硬化的重病。 3．根据第二段中“Eventually, he had to sit in a wheelchair and could only speak through a computer.”可知，霍金晚年依靠一台电脑说话。 4．根据第三段中“His most famous book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 25 million copies.”可知，《时间简史》这本书拥有极高的知名度，被翻译成三十余种语言、销量庞大，因此这是霍金最出名的作品。 5．通读全文，霍金身患绝症依旧坚持研究、直面磨难；根据文章结尾“He never let his illness stand in his way. Today, he is remembered not only for his scientific achievements, but also for his courage to fight against difficulties.”可知，本文告诉我们霍金十分勇敢、从不轻言放弃，对应B选项；其余选项只是文章局部细节，无法概括全文主旨。 Passage 9 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 When talking about the most famous scientists in China, Zhu Kezhen is certainly among them. Zhu was born in 1890. He could read at the age of 2. From the story of Dripping Water Wears Through a Stone, he learned that perseverance (坚持) is the key to success. In 1910, Zhu went to study agriculture (农业) in the United States. Then, in 1913, he went to Harvard University to study meteorology (气象) . And five years later, he returned to China. In the following ten years, Zhu spent his time on meteorological work in the country. It was Zhu’s dream to serve our nation with what he learned. In the autumn of 1936, Zhu served as the president of Zhejiang University. At an opening ceremony (典礼), he asked the new students two questions: First, what are you doing here? Second, what kind of person will you become after finishing your schoolwork? Later, he also gave a speech on the spirit of looking for the truth and a strict scientific attitude (态度). Zhu compared himself to “a rustless screw”. His life is about finding the truth and learning new things. “A rustless screw” usually describes a positive person who works hard for the country, though there are many difficulties and challenges. 1．Who is Zhu Kezhen? ____________________________________________________ . 2．When did Zhu Kezhen return to China? __________________________________________________________ . 3．What was Zhu’s dream? ___________________________________________________________ . 4．What spirit should scientists keep according to Zhu? ___________________________________________________________ . 5．In what order does the writer write the text? ______________________________________________________ . 【答案】 1． He is one of the most famous scientists in China. 2． In 1918. /He returned to China in 1918. 3． His dream was to serve our nation with what he learned. 4． Scientists should keep the spirit of looking for the truth. 5．The writer writes in the order of time. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍我国著名科学家竺可桢的生平经历、人生理想与精神追求。 【详解】1．第一段指出“When talking about the most famous scientists in China, Zhu Kezhen is certainly among them.”，他是中国最著名的科学家之一。 2．第三段指出“Then, in 1913, he went to Harvard University to study meteorology. And five years later, he returned to China.”，他于1918年回到中国。 3．第三段末尾指出“It was Zhu’s dream to serve our nation with what he learned.”，他的梦想是用他学到的知识为我们的国家服务。 4．第四段指出“Later, he also gave a speech on the spirit of looking for the truth and a strict scientific attitude.”，科学家应该保持寻求真理的精神。 5．抓取文中时间线“in 1890→In 1910→in 1913→five years later→In the autumn of 1936”，可知文章按照人物生平的先后时间来叙事即“the order of time”。 Passage 10 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Qian Xuesen—Father of Chinese Rocket Science Qian Xuesen was a famous scientist who made great contributions to China’s missile and space programs. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1911. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology in the United States. After returning to China in 1955, he led the development of China’s first missiles and satellites. Qian Xuesen’s work was very important for China’s national defense and space exploration. He is known as the “Father of Chinese Rocket Science”. He devoted his entire life to science and his country. He once said, “My career is in China, my success is in China, and my destination is in China.” Qian Xuesen’s spirit of dedication and patriotism continues to inspire young people in China. He passed away in 2009, but his legacy lives on. 1．When was Qian Xuesen born? ____________________________________________________ 2．Where did Qian Xuesen study in the United States? __________________________________________________________ 3．When did Qian Xuesen return to China? ________________________________________________________ 4．What is Qian Xuesen known as? ___________________________________________________________ 5．What inspired young people according to the passage? ______________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． In 1911. 2． In Massachusetts and California. 3． In 1955. 4． The Father of Chinese Rocket Science. 5．Qian’s spirit of dedication and patriotism. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国火箭科学之父钱学森的生平经历与精神品质。 【详解】1．第一段直接给出“He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1911.”，交代了钱学森的出生年份，这是原文中的具体信息，概括得出即可。 2．第一段明确指出“He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology in the United States.”，介绍了钱学森在美国求学的两所院校，院校分别坐落于马萨诸塞州与加利福尼亚州，这是原文中的具体信息，概括得出即可。 3．第一段给出“After returning to China in 1955, he led the development of China’s first missiles and satellites.”，点明钱学森回到祖国的时间，这是原文中的具体信息，概括得出即可。 4．第二段直接给出“He is known as the ‘Father of Chinese Rocket Science’.”，介绍了钱学森的荣誉称号，这是原文中的关键信息，提取内容作答即可。 5．第三段明确指出“Qian Xuesen’s spirit of dedication and patriotism continues to inspire young people in China.”，点明钱学森的爱国奉献精神激励着中国年轻人，这是原文中的具体信息，提取关键内容作答即可。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 Lu Yonggen was a famous rice scientist born into a rich Hong Kong family. He could enjoy a comfortable and easy life, but he chose to spend all his life working in rural rice fields. He dressed simply and ate plain meals all year round. Unlike many scientists who liked media interviews, Lu never chased public praise or high rewards. For decades, he studied high-yield rice to solve food shortage problems across China. He spent all his spare time doing field experiments in the hot farmlands. At the age of 89, he donated all his savings of 8.8 million yuan to agricultural education. He also decided to donate his body for medical research after his death. Lu’s life is just like peanuts: plain appearance, endless value for the whole society. His spirit tells us that real success never lies in attractive looks or great fame, but in silent lifelong contributions to others. 1．What was Lu Yonggen’s job? A．A doctor. B．A rice scientist. C．A postman. D．A teacher. 2．Why didn’t Lu Yonggen chase media attention? A．He hated cameras. B．He valued silent research more than fame. C．He was too shy to face reporters. D．He had no time for interviews. 3．What did Lu donate in his old age? A．His house. B．All his money. C．His rice fields. D．All his clothes. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Rich people cannot be useful to society. B．Being attractive is more important than devotion. C．Plain ordinary people can create great value. D．Scientific research must bring big rewards. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Peanut-like Rice Scientist. B．How to Grow High-yield Rice. C．Ways to Get Public Praise. D．Life in Hong Kong Rich Families. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文，讲述了水稻科学家卢永根的生平事迹，他出身富裕却一生简朴，潜心研究高产水稻，晚年捐出全部积蓄与遗体，如同花生一般外表朴素，却为社会创造巨大价值。 【详解】1．原文第一段“Lu Yonggen was a famous rice scientist born into a rich Hong Kong family.”，点明卢永根的职业是水稻科学家。 2．原文第一段“Unlike many scientists who liked media interviews, Lu never chased public praise or high rewards.”，结合文末“real success never lies in attractive looks or great fame, but in silent lifelong contributions to others”，说明他看重默默的科研，胜过名望。 3．原文第二段“At the age of 89, he donated all his savings of 8.8 million yuan to agricultural education.”，卢永根晚年捐出自己全部积蓄，也就是他所有的钱。 4．原文第三段“Lu’s life is just like peanuts: plain appearance, endless value for the whole society.”，可以推断出外表普通平凡的人也能够创造巨大价值。 5．全文把卢永根比作花生，讲述这位水稻科学家朴素却伟大的一生，“A Peanut‑like Rice Scientist”最贴合全文主旨。 Passage 2 Jane Goodall, a famous British scientist known for studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩), visited China from November to December 2024. She came to celebrate the 30th birthday of her environmental program, Roots & Shoots, in China. During her visit, Goodall shared many of her stories. When Goodall was a child, she loved reading and exploring nature. Her mother always encouraged her to ask questions and learn more. Goodall dreamed of seeing animals in their natural homes. In 1957, at age 23, Jane traveled to Kenya, Africa. There, she met the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who needed someone to study chimpanzees to understand human history. He believed Jane was perfect for the job. In 1960, Jane began working in Tanzania’s Gombe Forest. At first, chimpanzees were afraid of her. She spent months quietly watching them until they trusted her. She gave each chimp a name instead of using numbers and discovered they had feelings and families, just like humans. In October 1960, Goodall made an amazing discovery. She saw two chimpanzees using tools to get food. Before this, people thought only humans used tools. This discovery showed that chimpanzees are intelligent and social animals. Jane spent her life protecting animals and the environment. She started the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977. In 1991, she set up Roots & Shoots program, which came to China in 1994, to encourage young people to take action to help the Earth. “If we all do our part to help, the world will be a better place,” she said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer organize the text? A．By listing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By following time order. D．By expressing reasons. 2．What can we infer about Jane Goodall’s childhood from Paragraph 2? A．She dreamed of working in a zoo. B．She was not interested in asking questions. C．She preferred reading to exploring nature. D．Her mother’s support helped shape her career. 3．How did Jane Goodall get chimpanzees’ trust in Gombe Forest? A．By feeding them food every day. B．By using numbers to name them. C．By studying their family relationship. D．By sitting quietly and watching them for months. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Goodall discovered chimpanzees used tools like humans in 1961. B．Goodall visited China to celebrate the 30th birthday of Roots & Shoots in China. C．Louis Leakey met Jane Goodall in Tanzania in 1957 and chose her for the research. D．Goodall found Roots & Shoots program in China in 1994 to protect the environment. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the life and achievements of Jane Goodall. B．To show the importance of studying chimpanzees. C．To tell how to protect the environment in China. D．To know Jane Goodall’s friendship with Louis Leakey. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述英国科学家简·古道尔的经历。她远赴非洲研究黑猩猩，取得重大发现，一生致力于动物与环境保护，创立相关项目鼓励年轻人行动，也曾来华参加项目三十周年庆祝活动。 【详解】1．文章“按时间顺序”叙述简·古道尔的一生：童年(When Goodall was a child)→1957年→1960年→1960年10月→1977年→1991年→1994年。 2．根据第二段“Her mother always encouraged her to ask questions and learn more.”，母亲的支持帮助塑造了她的职业生涯。 3．根据第四段“She spent months quietly watching them until they trusted her.”，简·古道尔获得黑猩猩信任的方式是“花几个月静静地观察它们”。 4．根据第一段“She came to celebrate the 30th birthday of her environmental program, Roots & Shoots, in China.”，简·古道尔来中国是为了庆祝“根与芽”项目在中国30周年。 5．全文按时间顺序介绍简·古道尔的生平、研究经历和成就，故选A“To introduce the life and achievements of Jane Goodall.”。 Passage 3 The Scientist Who Changed Medicine Marie Curie was a scientist who changed the world. She was born in Poland in 1867 and later moved to France to study science. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she won it twice in two different fields—Physics and Chemistry. Marie Curie’s research on radioactivity was groundbreaking. Her work helped develop X-ray machines, which have saved countless lives. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units to help wounded soldiers. She personally drove these units to the front lines and trained others to use them. Her dedication to science and humanity is truly inspiring. Despite facing many difficulties as a woman in science, Marie Curie never gave up. She worked long hours in her laboratory and made many important discoveries. Her work laid the foundation for modern nuclear physics and medicine. She is remembered as one of the greatest scientists in history. 1．Where was Marie Curie born? A．In France. B．In Poland. C．In Germany. D．In England. 2．How many Nobel Prizes did Marie Curie win? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What did Marie Curie do during World War I? A．She stopped her research. B．She set up mobile X-ray units. C．She moved to America. D．She wrote a book about science. 4．What did Marie Curie’s research help develop? A．The radio. B．X-ray machines. C．The telephone. D．The television. 5．What can we learn from Marie Curie? A．Science is only for men. B．Dedication and hard work can lead to great achievements. C．Women cannot succeed in science. D．Success comes easily. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了居里夫人科研成果卓越，她历经磨难，最终以好奇坚韧书写传奇人生。 【详解】1．根据第一段第二句“She was born in Poland in 1867”可知，玛丽·居里出生在波兰。 2．根据第一段最后一句“She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she won it twice…”可知，她获得了两次诺贝尔奖。 3．根据第二段第三句“During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units to help wounded soldiers”可知，她在一战期间建立了移动X光设备。 4．根据第二段第二句“Her work helped develop X-ray machines”可知，她的研究帮助开发了X光机。 5．根据第二段最后一句“Her dedication to science and humanity is truly inspiring”以及第三段中她面对困难永不放弃、长时间工作的描述，可知我们能从她身上学到奉献和努力能带来伟大成就。 Passage 4 Tu Youyou—A Pioneer in Medicine Tu Youyou is a Chinese scientist who made a remarkable contribution to global health. She discovered a drug that has saved millions of lives. In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work. Tu was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine at Beijing Medical College and developed a strong interest in herbal medicine. In the 1960s, a serious disease was spreading across many countries. The disease was killing thousands of people, and there was no effective treatment. In 1969, Tu was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu’s team took a unique approach. They looked into traditional Chinese medicine and read many ancient medical texts. After hundreds of experiments and failures, Tu finally found a substance that could treat the disease. To speed up the process, Tu and her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves. Their courage and dedication paid off. The drug was proven safe and effective. Since its discovery, the drug has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou’s work is a shining example of how traditional knowledge and modern science can work together to benefit humanity. 1．What award did Tu Youyou receive in 2015? A．The Nobel Prize in Chemistry. B．The Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. D．The Nobel Peace Prize. 2．What did Tu Youyou study at Beijing Medical College? A．Physics. B．Chemistry. C．Medicine. D．Biology. 3．Why was Tu chosen to lead a research team? A．Because she was the oldest scientist. B．Because she had experience in traditional Chinese medicine. C．Because she had studied abroad. D．Because she had discovered many drugs before. 4．What did Tu and her team do to speed up the process? A．They asked other scientists for help. B．They used modern technology. C．They volunteered to test the drug on themselves. D．They published their research. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tu Youyou discovered a drug through traditional Chinese medicine and modern science. B．Tu Youyou was the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize. C．Traditional Chinese medicine is better than modern medicine. D．Tu Youyou worked alone to discover the drug. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了屠呦呦是中国著名医学家，通过研究传统医学古籍，经数百次实验发现抗疟药物，并亲自试药验证安全性。该药挽救全球数百万生命，她于2015年获诺贝尔奖，展现传统与现代科学的结合。 【详解】1．第一段最后一句“In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work.”表明，她获得的是诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 2．第二段第二句“She studied medicine at Beijing Medical College...”表明，她学习的是医学。 3．第二段提到她“...developed a strong interest in herbal medicine”，以及第三段描述她的团队“...looked into traditional Chinese medicine”并取得成功，可推断她被选中是因为她在传统中医方面的兴趣和相关背景。选项A、C、D在文中均未提及。 4．第三段中的句子“To speed up the process, Tu and her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves.”表明，为了加快进程他们自愿试药。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了屠呦呦通过结合传统中医知识和现代科学方法发现药物的过程及其贡献。最后一段总结道“Tu Youyou’s work is a shining example of how traditional knowledge and modern science can work together...”。选项A最能概括这一主旨。 Passage 5 Yu Min was an important Chinese nuclear physicist (核物理学家) and was honored as “the father of Chinese Hydrogen Bomb (氢弹)”. Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926. When he was in high school, he was an excellent student. Later, he studied at Peking University. In 1951, he became a scientist and began to study nuclear physics. In 1961, when Yu was given the work of researching the hydrogen bomb, he accepted it without thinking twice. For the next 28 years, his work remained secret (秘密的) and stayed hidden from the public. Even his family didn’t know his work. To develop China’s own hydrogen bomb quickly, Yu worked day and night. He guided his team to create a complete design after three months of hard work. After working in hard environments for years, his body became weak. But he never gave up. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (原子弹爆炸) successfully. Later, on June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb exploded, making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs, much quicker than the USA (7 years), France (8.5 years) or the UK (4.5 years). Yu came back to public view in 1999, receiving the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Merit Award for his work, together with some other scientists such as Sun Jiadong, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen and Deng Jiaxian. In 2015, Yu Min won the National Science and Technology Award. In January 2019, Yu Min died, leaving his deep love for the country. 1．Where was Yu Min born? ______________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yu Min keep his work a secret? ___________________________________________________________ 3．When did China’s first atomic bomb explode? _____________________________________________________________ 4．Which country was the fastest to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs? __________________________________________________________ 5．What can you learn from Yu Min? _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．He was born in Tianjin. 2．For 28 years. 3．On October 16, 1964. 4．China was the fastest. 5．Love for the country. He kept his important job a secret for 28 years and tried his best to finish it well. （答案不唯一，合理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“中国氢弹之父”于敏的生平经历，讲述他隐姓埋名28年潜心研发氢弹、克服艰苦条件完成科研突破并斩获多项荣誉，一生为国奉献的感人事迹。 【详解】1．根据第二段第一句“Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926.”可知原文已经给出了“出生地”信息是天津，直接提取。 2．根据第二段“For the next 28 years, his work remained secret and stayed hidden from the public.” 原文明确给出保密时长28年，直接提取。 3．根据第三段“On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully.” 可知原文已经给出了具体的时间信息，直接提取。 4．根据第三段“…making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs…”原文点明是中国的速度最快。因此答案就是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，根据原文提炼品质，比如“隐姓埋名28年、日夜奋战、艰苦环境不放弃、为国奉献”，总结出“坚持不懈、无私奉献、热爱祖国、刻苦钻研”等精神，写出自己的观点，合理作答即可。 Passage 6 阅读表达（答案≤10 词） Stephen Hawking’s life is full of hard challenges. He was diagnosed with a terrible disease at 21, which robbed him of normal movement and speech. However, he kept a positive attitude and spent all his life furthering the study of the universe. His work changed people’s ideas about space and time, and his book A Brief History of Time became popular all over the world. He tells us that we should never let troubles stand in our way, and we can always find something to do and succeed at as long as we don’t give up. 1．When did Hawking get the serious disease? _____________________________________________________ 2．What did Hawking spend his whole life researching? _________________________________________________________ 3．What changed people’s view of space and time? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the name of Hawking’s famous book? ____________________________________________________________ 5．What should we do when facing difficulties? _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．At the age of 21. 2．The universe / space and time. 3．Hawking’s scientific work. 4．A Brief History of Time. 5．Never give up and keep trying. 【导语】本文是人物记叙文，介绍霍金身患重病却始终乐观，毕生研究宇宙，著作影响世界，并告诉人们面对困境永不放弃的道理。 【详解】1．根据原文“He was diagnosed with a terrible disease at 21.”直接提取答案。 2．根据原文“spent all his life furthering the study of the universe”直接提取答案。 3．根据原文“His work changed people’s ideas about space and time.”可知改变人们对时空的认知的是霍金的工作。 4．根据原文“his book A Brief History of Time became popular all over the world”直接提取答案。 5．根据原文“we should never let troubles stand in our way, and we can always find something to do and succeed at as long as we don’t give up.”直接提取答案。 Passage 7 The greatest scientists are famous not only for their discoveries, but also for their interesting lives. Having a special, uncommon mind often goes hand in hand with unusual acts. Nikola Tesla is known for many inventions. One is the AC motor. While inventing something, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind first. Tesla said he wanted to do it because of his mother, who invented household electrical machines when he was a child. Another scientist encouraged by his mother was Albert Einstein, though what he got from his mother was a love of music. In fact, Einstein often played the piano and violin to help him brainstorm. Einstein’s great works include the most famous E=mc2 and his Theory of Relativity. However, thanks to his wild hair, he is also well-known for the looks of a “mad scientist” and you can tell that he had some interesting quirks (怪癖). For example, he had a strong dislike of wearing socks. Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest. That quiet child in the corner may one day be the next Tesla or Einstein. 1．What is one of Tesla’s famous inventions? ____________________________________________________________ 2．Why could Tesla keep things in mind while inventing something? ____________________________________________________________ 3．What did Einstein get from his mother to help brainstorm? ___________________________________________________________ 4．What quirk did Einstein have? (Listing one is OK.) _____________________________________________________________ 5．What sentence do you want to use to end the text? (Your sentence should be different from the underlined one in the text.) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．The AC motor. 2．Because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind first. 3．A love of music. 4．He disliked wearing socks. 5．Let’s not be afraid of being a little strange. 【导语】本文主要介绍了Tesla和Einstein两位科学家的发明、受母亲的影响以及有趣的怪癖，阐述了聪明的头脑往往伴随着不寻常的行为。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“ One is the AC motor”可知，特斯拉著名的发明之一是交流电。 2．根据文章第2段“because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind first.”可知，他能记住事情是因为使用图像思维并先在脑海中想象每一步。 3．根据文章第3段“what he got from his mother was a love of music. In fact, Einstein often played the piano and violin to help him brainstorm.”可知，他从母亲那里获得了对音乐的热爱来帮助头脑风暴。 4．根据文章第4段“For example, he had a strong dislike of wearing socks.”可知，他有一个不喜欢穿袜子的怪癖。 5．开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。如：根据文章主旨“Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest.”，结尾句应呼应主题且不同于原文划线句：不要害怕有一点点奇怪。 Passage 8 Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded (成立) and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite (卫星). On April 24, 1970, “Dongfanghong-1” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? _________________________________________________________ 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? ____________________________________________________________ 3．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? ____________________________________________________________ 4．What did New China need at that time? __________________________________________________________ 5．Has Mr Qian been dead for more than ten years? ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． For further study./Because Qian went to America for further study. 2． In June 1964. 3． Qian’s deep love for the motherland. 4． New China was badly in need of scientists. 5．Yes./Yes, he has. 【导语】本文介绍了钱学森的生平经历、留学归国历程、为中国航天火箭事业做出的卓越贡献，以及他爱国敬业的科学家精神。 【详解】1．第二段明确指出：“When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study.”，这是钱学森赴美求学的原因，可直接提取作答。 2．第三段中明确写道：“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket.”，可直接提取时间作答。 3．第五段学生朱一霖的评价中明确提到：“especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology...”，是钱学森对祖国深沉的热爱让他为国效力，可直接提取作答。 4．第五段明确指出：“when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development.”，点明了当时新中国急需科研人才，可直接提取作答。 5．最后一段明确写道：“Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.”，因此答案是肯定的。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $