15 主题9 灾害防范（主书）-【领航中考】2027年中考英语一轮总复习

主题9　灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害与防范措施,人身安全与自我保护;热爱与敬畏自然、与自然和谐共生。 感知与积累 核心词汇 课标词汇 名 词 1.灾害 　　　　　　　  2.事故 　　　　　　　  3.突发事件 　　　　　　　  4.暴风雨 　　　　　　　  5.地震 　　　　　　　  6.火灾 　　　　　　　  7.洪水 　　　　　　　  8.疾病 　　　　　　　  9.安全 　　　　　　　  10.危险 　　　　　　　  11.疼痛 　　　　　　　  12.死亡 　　　　　　　  13.人口 　　　　　　　  14.人类 　　　　　　　  15.平衡 　　　　　　　  16.污染 　　　　　　　  17.保护 　　　　　　　  18.恐惧 　　　　　　　  形 容 词 19.冷静的 　　　　　　　  20.担心的 　　　　　　　  21.伤心的 　　　　　　　  22.安全的 　　　　　　　  23.危险的 　　　　　　　  动 词 24.拯救 　　　　　　　  25.保护 　　　　　　　  26.援助 　　　　　　　  27.幸存 　　　　　　　  28.死 　　　　　　　  29.受伤 　　　　　　　  拓展词汇 1.behavior/behaviour n. 行为 2.benefit n. 利益,好处 3.tornado n. 龙卷风 4.tsunami n. 海啸 (续表) 拓展词汇 5.magnitude n. 震级 6.warning n.警告 7.negative adj.负面的 8.nightmare n. 噩梦 高频词块 1.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. On April 26,2003,he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. 许多次Aron都几乎因为事故而失去生命。2003年的4月26日,在犹他州登山时,他发现自己陷入了一个非常危险的处境。  [lose one􀆳s life失去生命。a very dangerous situation一个非常危险的处境。] 仿写:尽管每个人都处在一个非常危险的处境中,但幸运的是,没有人失去生命。 Although everyone 　　　　　　　　　　　　,luckily, nobody 　.  2.But when his water ran out, he knew he would have to do something to save his own life.当他没水时,他知道他必须采取措施自救了。  [run out用完,花光;save one􀆳s life拯救某人的生命。] 仿写:在食物吃完前,我们必须想方设法来拯救我们的生命。 Before the food 　　　　　　, we have to come up with some ways to 　.  3.Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 然后,为了不失血过多,他用他的左臂给自己绑上了绷带。  [so that为了,以便于。] 仿写:当地震发生时,我们应该保持冷静,以便于我们保障安全。 When an earthquake happens, we should keep calm 　we can keep safe.   4.With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有灯,感觉像是午夜。  [feel like感觉像是。] 仿写:当暴风雨来时,感觉像是世界末日。 When the 　　　　　　　　　　　　,it 　the end of the world.   5.Ben􀆳s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and the radio were working. 本的爸爸忙着往窗户上加固一些木片,而他妈妈也忙着确认手电筒和收音机是否好使。  [make sure确保。] 仿写:火灾发生前,请确保知道逃生通道在哪里。 Please 　you know where the fire exit is before a fire happens.   6.Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. 虽然暴风雨摧毁了很多东西,但是它让家人和邻里更加团结。  [bring…closer together 使……更紧密地联系在一起。] 仿写:尽管这次地震破坏了许多房子,但它使邻居们更紧密地联系在一起了。 Although the earthquake destroyed many houses, it 　　　　　　neighbors 　.  7.The next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before. 第二天早晨,我听说前一天新西兰发生了地震。  [hear about听说。] 仿写:那天,我们听说了河南的洪灾。 That day, we 　in Henan.   8.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future. 我们齐心协力就能带来变化,创造更加美好的未来。  [make a difference产生影响,有作用。] 仿写:我认为每个人都可以通过自己的努力对环境产生好的改变。 I think everyone can 　to the environment through his effort.   篇章框架 Animal behavior(行为)is an interesting and attractive study. Scientists research the ways animals use to look for food. They study how animals protect themselves from their predators(掠夺者), and which animals kill other animals for food. All of this helps us understand how useful animals can be. Each country or culture raises some animals for food. In the United States, people mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. In other countries, people might raise sheep or buffalo for meat. These differences come in part from weather and other environmental conditions. People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers. In some countries, people don􀆳t always choose some animal groups, such as dogs, for food while in other countries such animals may become people􀆳s favorite food. In West Africa, animals provide humans with more than food. They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years. Horses, oxen, and other work animals pull heavy things. Elephants, camels, and other animals carry people and things from place to place. Carrier pigeons(信鸽) have been used to send messages. People also receive health benefits(利益) from animals. For example, dogs and cats can help calm people down. This is helpful for people fighting illnesses. Animals can also reduce stress, helping people to draw their attention to learning new information, such as reading. When people are walking their dogs or horses, it encourages exercise. Animals and humans share space on Earth, so keeping a healthy relationship with animals is in our best interest. 阅读文章,完成以下思维导图: 习得与建构 完形填空 Minqin County, located in the city of Wuwei in Gansu Province, is between China􀆳s third and fourth largest deserts—the Badain Jaran and the Tengger.Local people plant suosuo trees(梭梭树), a plant that can 　1　 in the desert, to prevent further desertification(沙漠化).  A number of local people have worked hard to turn the place into an oasis(绿洲).27⁃year⁃old Zhong Lin is one of those who　2　 hard.Growing up in Minqin, Zhong 　3　 sandstorms throughout his childhood.He once wanted to run away from his hometown and build his 　4　 in southern China.  However, he changed his mind when he saw the villagers􀆳 hard life and the 　5　 environment there.He said, “　6　 I understood running away isn􀆳t the solution.Making a difference is the key.” After graduating from university in 2020. Zhong 　7　 to his hometown. “If suosuo trees can take root(扎根) in sandstorms, why can􀆳t young people?” he wrote in his diary.  Since then, Zhong has tried　8　 suosuo trees in the desert.He planted 500 trees in 2021 but most of them died.So he studied, learned from experienced villagers, and then planted more.After three years􀆳 efforts, the trees he planted are now growing well in the desert, turning the land green and 　9　.  To　10　 his hometown􀆳s environment, Zhong shared videos about tree planting online and started a “Please Plant a Tree in Minqin” activity.Encouraged by Zhong􀆳s tree⁃planting story, more and more volunteers from all over the country have come to Minqin to plant trees.Their common goal is to turn the desert into an oasis.  (　　)1.A.survive B.stay C.exist D.live (　　)2.A.study B.work C.try D.think (　　)3.A.stopped B.watched C.experienced D.noticed (　　)4.A.town B.team C.life D.future (　　)5.A.possible B.terrible C.comfortable D.responsible (　　)6.A.Carefully B.Really C.Luckily D.Suddenly (　　)7.A.returned B.went C.came D.moved (　　)8.A.producing B.planting C.keeping D.watering (　　)9.A.lovely B.friendly C.lively D.elderly (　　)10.A.draw attention to B.make use of C.have fun with D.take part in 阅读理解 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life.They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away people􀆳s lives. Strong winds can be very terrible.On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province.The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths.What􀆳s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight.This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应). When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly.In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and people will be buried.Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd.At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were injured. 　▲　.They can cause floods and inundate(淹没) many places. Dubai (迪拜) lies on the coast of Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U.A.E.(阿联酋) with a long and beautiful coastline.It doesn􀆳t rain a lot.But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai.It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a whole year􀆳s worth of rain.The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage.  To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better.Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters.But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to be humble and respect it. (　　)1.When did the strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province? A.On March 31st, 2024. B.On April 3rd, 2024. C.On April 16th, 2024. D.Not mentioned. (　　)2.What does the underlined word “terribly ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?  A.Slightly. B.Seriously. C.Slowly. D.Softly. (　　)3.Which sentence is most suitable to be put in 　▲　?  A.Rainstorms are common in coastal areas. B.Another natural disaster is rainstorms. C.Dubai often suffers from heavy rains. D.Coastal cities are safe from rainstorms. (　　)4.Why did the rainstorm in Dubai cause serious damage? A.Dubai has a long coastline. B.Dubai is located on the coast. C.Dubai rarely experiences natural disasters. D.The rainstorm brought an extremely large amount of rain in a short time. (　　)5.What is the main idea of this passage? A.To discuss the causes of natural disasters. B.To introduce three types of natural disasters. C.To tell people how to protect themselves from natural disasters. D.To talk about the influences of some natural disasters and the ways to deal with them. 回答问题 Drowning(溺水) is a preventable accident, but it remains a major cause of death for children.For kids aged 1-4, drowning is the top cause of death, and it􀆳s the second leading cause for those aged 5-14.Drowning can happen in seconds, often without noise, and not just in pools or lakes. To stay safe, learning to swim is very important.Parents should take children to have swimming lessons, and adults can also take lessons to improve their skills.However, swimming skills aren􀆳t enough.Adults must keep an eye on children when they􀆳re near water, staying within arm􀆳s reach.Avoid distractions(分心) like using phones or drinking alcohol, as drowning happens quickly. For home pools, a four⁃foot⁃high fence with a self⁃closing gate is necessary.Remove toys from the pool when it􀆳s not in use to keep kids away.Remember, a life jacket approved by Coast Guard (海岸警卫队) is much safer. Even non⁃fatal(非致命的) drowning can cause serious long⁃term health problems, like brain damage.So, always follow these safety tips to enjoy water activities safely this summer. 1.What is the top cause of death for children aged 1-4?   2.Who should take swimming lessons according to Paragraph 2?   3.Why should adults avoid distractions when children are near water?   4.How can parents keep kids away from the pool when it􀆳s not in use?   5.Why should we pay attention to non⁃fatal drowning?   (请完成《作文小册子》P393的练习) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 主题9　灾害防范 【感知与积累】 一、核心词汇 1.disaster　2.accident　3.emergency 4.storm　5.earthquake　6.fire　7.flood 8.disease　9.safety　10.danger　11.pain 12.death　13.population　14.human 15.balance　16.pollution　17.protection 18.fear　19.calm　20.worried　21.sad 22.safe　23.dangerous　24.save　25.protect 26.aid　27.survive　28.die　29.hurt 二、高频词块 1.was in a very dangerous situation; lost his life 2.runs out; save our lives 3.so that　4.rainstorm came; felt like 5.make sure 6.brought; closer together 7.heard about the flood 8.make a difference 三、篇章框架 1.useful　2.food　3.daily　4.work　5.health 6.benefits　7.healthy　8.relationship 【习得与建构】 一、完形填空 1—5 ABCDB　6—10 DABCA 二、阅读理解 1—5 ABBDD 三、回答问题 1.Drowning. 2.Children and adults. 3.Because drowning happens quickly. 4.By removing toys from the pool. 5.Because it can cause serious long⁃term health problems, like brain damage. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $