11 主题5 历史、社会和文化（主书）-【领航中考】2027年中考英语一轮总复习

主题5　历史、社会和文化 子主题:家乡和社会的变迁,历史的发展,对未来的展望;跨文化沟通与交流,语言与文化;世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动;对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物;身份认同与文化自信;社会热点与国际事务。感知与积累 核心词汇 课标词汇 动 词 1.达到 　　　　　　　  2.影响 　　　　　　　  3.实现 　　　　　　　  4.传播 　　　　　　　  其 他 词 性 5.历史 　　　　　　　  6.社会 　　　　　　　  7.文化 　　　　　　　  8.成功 　　　　　　　  9.政府 　　　　　　　  10.战争 　　　　　　　  11.皇帝 　　　　　　　  12.人类 　　　　　　　  13.领袖 　　　　　　　  14.总统 　　　　　　　  15.和平 　　　　　　　  16.胜利 　　　　　　　  17.发展 　　　　　　　  18.局势 　　　　　　　  19.事实 　　　　　　　  20. 传统的 　　　　　　　  21.中国 　　　　　　　  22.美国 　　　　　　　  23.德国 　　　　　　　  24.日本 　　　　　　　  25.俄罗斯 　　　　　　　  26.新加坡 　　　　　　　  27.法国 　　　　　　　  短 语 28.端午节 　　　　　　　  29.春节 　　　　　　　  30.元宵节 　　　　　　　  31.中秋节 　　　　　　　  32.教师节 　　　　　　　  33.国庆节 　　　　　　　  34.吃饺子 　　　　　　　  35.赏月 　　　　　　　  拓展词汇 1.virus n. 病毒 2.attendant n. 服务员 3.offerings n. 用品 4.pandemic n. 大流行病;瘟疫 5.lunar adj. 阴历的 6.heritage n. 遗产 7.embroidery n. 刺绣 8.favor n. 帮助 9.breathable adj. 透气的 10.appropriate adj. 合适的 高频词块 1.During the Spring Festival, the pictures are put on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. 春节期间,人们在窗户上、门上和墙上贴画是为了祈求好运和幸福。  [as symbols of+可数名词复数,作为……的象征。] 仿写:人们把中秋赏月与品尝月饼作为家人团圆(reunion)的象征。 People admire the moon and 　.  2.After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing the mooncakes with their families. 在这以后,人们开始了和家人一起赏月和吃月饼的传统。  [start the tradition of +动名词,开始做某事的传统。] 仿写:几千年前,中国人就开始了除夕吃年夜饭的传统。 A few thousand years ago, people 　on New Year􀆳s Eve.   3.April Fool􀆳s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. 愚人节是一个在世界各地不同国家举行的庆祝活动。  [a celebration that +定语从句,一个……的庆祝活动。] 仿写:春节是一个在全世界都受到欢迎的庆祝活动。 The Spring Festival is a 　　　　　　　　that 　around the world.   4.It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 它发生在每年的4月1日,在这一天,许多人互相开各种各样的玩笑。  [a day when +定语从句,……的一天。] 仿写:端午节是人们一起纪念屈原的一天。 The Dragon Boat Festival is a day 　　　　　　people 　.  5.They carry people􀆳s wishes to the families they love and miss. 他们把人们的愿望传递给他们所爱和思念的家庭。 [carry携带,承载。] 仿写:压岁钱承载着父母对我们美好的祝福。 Lucky money 　to us.   6.It􀆳s also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. 帮助父母做一些事情也是一个好主意。  [It􀆳s also a good idea to+动词原形,……也是一个好主意。] 仿写:春节期间家人朋友们一起出去旅游也是一个好主意。 It􀆳s also a good idea for 　　　　　　　　　　to 　.  7.He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes. 他现在对每个人都很友善和热情,所到之处都传播着爱和欢乐。 [with+名词,用……] 仿写:我们应该用勇气和自信去克服生活中的困难。 We should 　and confidence.   8.No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.   不管你买什么,你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。 [no matter what/where/…引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”] 仿写:无论你去哪里,你都无法避免买到中国制造的产品。 No matter where 　　　　　　　　, you can hardly avoid 　.  9.They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. 它们被视为幸福和美好愿望的光明的象征。  [be seen as +名词,被认为是……] 仿写:贴红色剪纸在门上或窗上被认为是来年好运的象征。 Putting 　　　　　　　　on doors and windows 　as symbols of a happy new year.   篇章框架 Cloth Shoes Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, is well⁃known for cloth shoes. With over 20 types, Tangchang cloth shoes are strong, comfortable, breathable and friendly to the environment. In 2018, they were added to Sichuan􀆳s intangible heritage list(非物质文化遗产名录). 63⁃year⁃old Lai Shufang has spent over 40 years making Tangchang cloth shoes. Now she is a master. She said there are 32 steps to make a pair, but the most important step is making the soles(鞋底).Layers(层) of white cloth are glued together with flour paste(浆糊).“To make good paste, we make it at a temperature of 85℃.If it􀆳s too low or too high, the paste will not work,” Lai said. Then the pasted layers are dried and cut into different shapes. After this, the layered cloth is beaten again and again until it is tight enough to make soles and upper parts. The next step is to shape the two parts and glue them together. But still the soles􀆳 edges look fluffy. Through repeated polishing and trimming, the fluffy edges will become smooth. Then the cloth shoes are ready. Lai􀆳s hard work touched her son Ai Peng. In 2015, Ai decided to leave his job and help his mother. He used Shu embroidery(蜀绣)to make the shoes look more beautiful and opened a cloth shoe store online. He also set up shop windows to show the steps of making shoes, helping more people learn about the art of cloth shoes. 阅读文章,完成以下思维导图: 习得与建构 完形填空 In the ancient town of Lijiang, there stands an old bookstore.It has a history of over a hundred years, and many valuable books about local　1　 are stored here.Unlike modern bookstores, it doesn􀆳t have fancy decorations(装饰), but every book here 　2　 the mark of time.  This bookstore was　3　 by Mr. Yang􀆳s great⁃grandfather in the early 20th century.At that time, people in the town had few chances to get knowledge, so the bookstore became a 　4　 for villagers to learn.Mr.Yang􀆳s great⁃grandfather often 　5　books to poor children for free, hoping they could grow up to understand the world better.  As time went by, many modern bookstores closed down, but this old one kept 　6　.Once, a traveler from abroad found a rare(罕见的) book about Naxi ancient characters here.He was so interested that he took it home and shared it with his students.　7　, the book􀆳s content was translated into several languages, spreading Naxi culture to more people.“The 　8　 of these books is a bridge connecting the past and the present,” Mr.Yang says proudly. “They let our local culture 　9　 forever.”  Now, Mr.Yang is faced with the 　10　 of running the bookstore in the age of the Internet. But he still keeps it open. “This bookstore is not just a place to sell books.It􀆳s a part of our history.Protecting it is the most meaningful thing I can do for our town,” he says with determination(决心).  (　　)1.A.nature B.culture　　 C.science　　 D.sports (　　)2.A.causes　　 B.cares　　 C.counts　　 D.carries (　　)3.A.founded　　 B.broken　　 C.repaired　　 D.painted (　　)4.A.barrier　　 B.symbol　　 C.center　　 D.mystery (　　)5.A.put off　　 B.handed out　　 C.took back　　 D.gave up (　　)6.A.disappearing　　 B.waiting　　 C.changing　　 D.opening (　　)7.A.Suddenly　　 B.Happily　　 C.Finally　　 D.Strangely (　　)8.A.story　　 B.price　　 C.page　　 D.cover (　　)9.A.live　　 B.fight　　 C.rush　　 D.share (　　)10.A.trouble　　 B.challenge　　 C.opportunity　　 D.chance 阅读理解 In Guangdong, traditional markets (known as“caiyuan” in Cantonese) are more than just places to buy food.They are lively centers of daily life, where people chat and share stories.These markets have a long history, reflecting the region􀆳s unique culture and social habits. Let􀆳s hear from locals about their experiences. Auntie Chen, 65, retired teacher: I􀆳ve been going to the same market near my home for over 30 years. Every morning, I walk there to buy fresh vegetables, fish, and fruit.What I love most is the atmosphere(氛围): the shouts of “Fresh shrimp!”the laughter of children chasing each other, and the way neighbors stop to talk about their families.These markets keep our community close.Young people now shop online, but I􀆳ll always prefer the market. It􀆳s part of our life. Mike, 30, food blogger: I visit traditional markets across Guangdong to find stories for my blog.Last month, I met an old man selling “zongzi” in Foshan.He told me his family has made zongzi for three generations, using a secret recipe from the Qing Dynasty.He said the key is to wrap(包) them tightly with bamboo leaves from the mountains.These markets are where old traditions live on. Lily, 24, college student: I used to think traditional markets were messy, but my grandma took me to one last year.She taught me how to tell if a mango is ripe(熟的) and how to bargain politely so that I can buy fresh and cheap food.Now I go every weekend.It􀆳s not just about shopping—it􀆳s about learning our culture.For example, during the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone buys bamboo leaves and rice to make zongzi together.The market becomes a place to pass down customs. (　　)1.What activities do people do in traditional markets according to the passage? A.Read books and write articles. B.Have classes and take exams. C.Buy food, chat and share stories. D.Order and eat different kinds of food. (　　)2.What does Auntie Chen love most about the market? A.The cheap prices of food. B.The convenient location near her home. C.The lively atmosphere with shouts and laughter. D.The online shopping service in the market. (　　)3.Why does Mike visit traditional markets across Guangdong? A.To buy cheap and fresh food for his family. B.To collect stories about local traditions for his blog. C.To learn how to make zongzi from old people. D.To take photos of messy market scenes. (　　)4.What does the underlined word “bargain” probably mean in the last paragraph? A.To argue angrily with someone. B.To discuss the price of something to reach an agreement. C.To choose the best products from a lot. D.To pay the full price without thinking twice. (　　)5.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Traditional markets in Guangdong are important for daily life and culture. B.Online shopping is better than traditional markets for young people. C.Different people have different opinions about zongzi. D.The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated with zongzi in Guangdong. 回答问题 　　请阅读下面这篇文章, 根据所提供的信息, 回答5个问题, 要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 Many of China􀆳s dishes have stories behind them.They are part of China􀆳s long and interesting history.Let􀆳s learn about the interesting origins(起源) of some famous dishes. Dumplings have a history of over 1,800 years.They were first used as medicine. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, one winter, many poor people got frostbitten(冻伤的), especially on their ears. Zhang Zhongjing made some ear⁃shaped food with Chinese medicine inside. He called these “jiao􀆳er”, which means “tender ears” in English. After eating the jiao􀆳er, people felt warm all over. Later, their frostbite went away. Zhang Zhongjing kept giving jiao􀆳er to poor, hungry people until the Eve of the Spring Festival. To celebrate the Spring Festival and their recovery, people made their own jiao􀆳er. This ear⁃shaped food later became “dumplings”. Today, in northern China, people eat dumplings during most traditional festivals and celebrations. The dingsheng cake is also a popular snack. It is made with rice flour and sweet fillings. It is said that during the Southern Song Dynasty, people made these cakes to encourage Yue Fei􀆳s army to win battles. They carved two Chinese characters “Ding Sheng” on the surface, which means “must win” or “victory” in English. Today, the dingsheng cake has become a popular gift. It often appears in traditional celebrations and important events, such as big exams and the birthdays of elderly people. 1.How long is the history of dumplings?   2.What were dumplings first used as?   3.Why did Zhang Zhongjing make jiao􀆳er?   4.What does“Ding Sheng” mean in English?   5.When do people often eat dingsheng cakes today?   (请完成《作文小册子》P385的练习) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 主题5　历史、社会和文化 【感知与积累】 一、核心词汇 1.achieve　2.influence　3.realize　4.spread 5.history　6.society　7.culture　8.success 9.government　10.war　11.emperor 12.human　13.leader　14.president 15.peace　16.victory　17.develop 18.situation　19.fact　20.traditional 21.China　22.America　23.Germany 24.Japan　25.Russia　26.Singapore 27.France　28.the Dragon Boat Festival　 29.the Spring Festival　 30.the Lantern Festival　 31.the Mid⁃Autumn Festival　 32.Teachers􀆳 Day　33.National Day　 34.eat dumplings　 35.enjoy/admire the moon 二、高频词块 1.enjoy mooncakes as symbols of family reunion 2.started the tradition of having dinner 3.celebration; is popular/welcome 4.when; remember Qu Yuan 5.carries our parents􀆳 best wishes 6.family and friends; travel/take a trip together 7.overcome difficulties in life with courage 8.you go; buying products made in China 9.red paper cutting; is seen 三、篇章框架 1.friendly　2.added　3.Make　4.at 5.high　6.cut　7.until　8.beautiful 9.set　10.art 【习得与建构】 一、完形填空 1—5 BDACB　6—10 DCAAB 二、阅读理解 1—5 CCBBA 三、回答问题 1.Over 1,800 years. 2.Medicine. 3.To help poor people with frostbite (especially on their ears). 4.“Must win” or “victory”. 5.In traditional celebrations and important events(such as big exams and elderly people􀆳s birthdays). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $