13 主题7 自然生态（主书）-【领航中考】2027年中考英语一轮总复习

人与自然 主题7　自然生态 【感知与积累】 一、核心词汇 1.nature　2.forest　3.ocean　4.lake 5.mountain　6.river　7.island　8.desert 9.east　10.west　11.south　12.north 13.Italy　14.Japan　15.Europe　16.Asia 17.Africa　18.China　19.Australia 20.France　21.America　22.Canada 23.Russia　24.India　25.Britain 26.Germany　27.the Great Wall　28.lightening 29.eastern　30.western　31.French 32.American　33.Canadian　34.Russian 35.Australian　36.British　37.German 38.Japanese　39.Italian　40.African 41.southern　42.northern 二、高频词块 1.one of the longest rivers in China 2.thousands of Americans; a wonderful place; watch the pandas 3.not only; but also 4.in the world 5.having a great time visiting the deserts 三、篇章框架 1.tree⁃planting　2.any other country 3.a forest farm　4.8 million 5.4 km2　6.a gift to future generations 7.20　8.20 km2　9.green 10.she has millions of trees instead 【习得与建构】 一、完形填空 1—5 CBCAC　6—10 BDAAA 二、阅读理解 1—5 BCACD 三、回答问题 1.Heat⁃related causes. 2.Death from heat. 3.By being able to find better ways of cutting down carbon pollution levels. 4.Because low temperatures are expected to be moderate. 5.In 2003. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人与自然 主题7　自然生态 子主题:世界主要国家的地理位置,不同地区的生态特征与自然景观。 感知与积累 核心词汇 课标词汇 名 词 1.自然 　　　　　　　  2.森林 　　　　　　　  3.海洋 　　　　　　　  4.湖泊 　　　　　　　  5.高山 　　　　　　　  6.河 　　　　　　　  7.岛 　　　　　　　  8.沙漠 　　　　　　　  9.东方 　　　　　　　  10.西方 　　　　　　　  11.南方 　　　　　　　  12.北方 　　　　　　　  13.意大利 　　　　　　　  14.日本 　　　　　　　  15.欧洲 　　　　　　　  16.亚洲 　　　　　　　  17.非洲 　　　　　　　  18.中国 　　　　　　　  19.澳大利亚 　　　　　　　  20.法国 　　　　　　　  21.美国 　　　　　　　  22.加拿大 　　　　　　　  23.俄罗斯 　　　　　　　  24.印度 　　　　　　　  25.英国 　　　　　　　  26.德国 　　　　　　　  27.长城 　　　　　　　  28.闪电 　　　　　　　  形 容 词 29.东方的 　　　　　　　  30.西方的 　　　　　　　  31.法国的 　　　　　　　  32.美国的 　　　　　　　  33.加拿大的 　　　　　　　  34.俄罗斯的 　　　　　　　  35.澳大利亚的 　　　　　　　  36.英国的 　　　　　　　  37.德国的 　　　　　　　  38.日本的 　　　　　　　  39.意大利的 　　　　　　　  40.非洲的 　　　　　　　  41.南方的 　　　　　　　  42.北方的 　　　　　　　  (续表) 拓展词汇 1.ecology n. 生态 2.insect n. 昆虫 3.tree⁃planting program 植树项目 4.future generation 后代;下一代 5.sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 6.shark n. 鲨鱼 7.location n. 位置 8.plastic n. 塑料 高频词块 1.One of the world􀆳s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. 世界上最危险的运动之一就是登山运动,而登山最受欢迎的地方之一就是喜马拉雅山脉。  [one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数,表示“最……的……之一”。] 仿写:珠江是中国最长的河流之一。 The Pearl River is 　.  2.For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. 对于许多中国游客来说,这个东南亚的小岛是一个安全的度假胜地。  [thousands of成千上万的,a wonderful place to do sth. 做某事的好地方。] 仿写:对于成千上万的美国人来说,这个动物园是观赏大熊猫的好地方。 For 　　　　　　　　, this zoo is 　　　　　　　　　　　　to 　.  3.Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain􀆳s most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. 巨石阵不仅是英国最著名的历史名胜之一,而且是英国最大的谜团之一。  [not only…but also 不仅……而且……] 仿写:中国台湾不仅因它的美食而出名,还因漂亮的日月潭而出名。 Chinese Taiwan is 　　　　　　　　famous for its delicious food 　　　　　　　　famous for the Sun and Moon Lake.   4.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。  [in the world在世界上。] 仿写:世界上最大的洋是太平洋。 No ocean 　　　　　　　　is as big as the Pacific Ocean.   5.I am having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我在加拿大拜访我的阿姨很开心。  [have a great time doing sth. 做某事很开心。] 仿写:游客们在沙漠游玩得很开心。 The tourists are 　.  篇章框架 Tree Heroes In many parts of the world, land that was once covered with forest has changed greatly. Some of the land has become part of cities or towns. Some forested areas have become farmland while some other places no longer have any trees because they􀆳ve been cut down for different reasons. This causes problems. It affects the climate, causes animals to move to other places or even die, and can cause deserts to expand. Because so many of forests have been cut down in the last 50 years, China needs to plant trees. Although there are still problems to solve, China􀆳s tree⁃planting programs are huge. China plants more trees than any other country in the world. Who are some of the heroes behind these huge numbers? Let􀆳s find out. In Jiangxi Province, 83⁃year⁃old Zou Lianying has been planting trees on her land for almost 20 years. She knows that planting trees is good for the environment, so at the age of 64, she sold her cows and pigs, and borrowed money to open a forest farm. Her family􀆳s forest farm has more than 8 million trees covering about 4 km2.Her trees are worth around 12 million RMB but she won􀆳t cut down even one tree and still lives very simply. She believes the forest she has planted is a gift to future generations. Near Beijing, Wei Guiying and a team of hero helpers have planted millions of trees. They have been doing this for more than 20 years. Now 20 km2 of hills have turned green. It hasn􀆳t been easy for her. She borrowed money to pay for seedlings and is still working to pay a lot of it back. This doesn􀆳t seem to matter to her, though, as she says proudly that she􀆳s not a millionaire, but has millions of trees instead. A lot of work is still needed to prevent deserts from getting larger and to stop the climate from getting warmer, but if more of us can be like these tree heroes, it will certainly make life better for everyone. 阅读文章,完成以下思维导图: 习得与建构 完形填空 Everything in the natural world works effectively(有效地).Take a look at woodpeckers(啄木鸟) for example, and you􀆳ll　1　.  A woodpecker taps(轻叩) its head against wood nearly 12,000 times a day.Doing something like that all day long must 　2　 ! Think of how you would feel if you hit your head against something 　3　only once.  In nature,however, everything happens for a(n) 　4　.Woodpeckers have long, sharp beaks which they use to make holes in trees to 　5　 tasty insects inside.Their special toes allow them to hold on tightly(紧紧地) as they bang their heads against trees.They also have a strong tail feather, which they use to keep their balance while they 　6　.  But how do woodpeckers 　7　 brain injuries(伤害)? One of the most interesting things about woodpeckers is their tongues.It is very long—sometimes twice 　8　 the bird itself.The woodpecker can wrap(包) its long tongue around its brain inside its 　9　.Each time the bird 　10　 a tree with its head, its tongue protects its brain from injury.  That􀆳s why a woodpecker can tap all day long and not get a headache. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.A.miss B.found C.understand D.wonder (　　)2.A.smile B.hurt C.stop D.forget (　　)3.A.thick B.smooth C.hard D.soft (　　)4.A.reason B.problem C.excuse D.solution (　　)5.A.smell B.watch C.find D.realize (　　)6.A.sleep B.work C.fly D.wake (　　)7.A.get B.produce C.protect D.avoid (　　)8.A.as long as B.as soon as C.as much as D.as little as (　　)9.A.head B.hand C.toe D.stomach (　　)10.A.hits B.picks C.enjoys D.plants 阅读理解 High in the snowy peaks of the Himalayas and Central Asia wander(漫步) the snow leopards(豹).Often called the “ghosts of the mountains”, these animals are now in danger, with only 4,000~6,500 left in the wild.The main threats they face are illegal hunting for their fur, which is sold at high prices on the black market, and the loss of their habitats(栖息地) due to climate change. To change this situation, Dr. Amina Bhandari and her team are working to protect both the snow leopards and the communities that share their mountain home.“For generations, herders(牧民) have seen snow leopards as a threat to their livestock(牲畜),” explains Dr. Bhandari. “When a snow leopard kills a sheep or goat, herders lose their livelihood, so they often kill the leopards.” As a result, her team applies two key strategies: building fences around to keep leopards out, and paying herders for any animals lost to snow leopards. “This way, herders no longer see leopards as enemies but as part of their shared environment,” she says. Scientists also use technology to watch snow leopards and understand their needs. Camera catch images of these shy animals, while GPS track their movements. “Snow leopards are predators(捕食性动物), and their presence indicates a healthy ecosystem,” Dr. Bhandari notes.“Protecting them means protecting the entire mountain chain.” Despite the challenges, there is hope.International agreements like the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program have united 12 countries to cooperate on conservation.“Every snow leopard we save is a step toward balancing nature and human life,” Dr.Bhandari says.“We have a responsibility to ensure these animals continue to wander around their mountain homes for generations to come.” (　　)1.Why are snow leopards in danger? A.Lack of food and forest destruction. B.Illegal hunting and habitat loss. C.Natural predators and water pollution. D.Climate change and overfishing. (　　)2.How do Dr.Bhandari􀆳s team help herders and snow leopards live together peacefully? A.Teaching herders to legally hunt snow leopards. B.Moving herders and livestock to new areas. C.Providing payment for lost livestock. D.Killing snow leopards that attack livestock. (　　)3.What does“indicate” mean in Paragraph 3? A.Mean B.Find C.Appear D.Attend (　　)4.What is the method for the scientists to collect the data? A.By identifying habitats. B.By hiding in the mountain. C.By using High⁃tech skills. D.By interviewing the herders. (　　)5.What is the writer􀆳s purpose in writing this article? A.Describe snow leopards􀆳 daily life in the Himalayas. B.Criticize the illegal fur trade harming snow leopards. C.Introduce Dr. Bhandari􀆳s scientific research on snow leopards. D.Encourage support for snow leopard protection efforts. 回答问题 　　A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat⁃related causes by the end of the century.The study was based on predicted climate activities in 854 different European cities.It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100. Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather.But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.However, heat⁃related deaths are predicted to rise greatly. The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon(碳) pollution levels.They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air⁃cooling systems in parts of Europe.Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change. On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold⁃related deaths, because low temperatures are expected to be moderate(温和的). European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years.The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded.Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain.The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature⁃related causes in that city by 2100. 1.What will millions of Europeans die from by the end of the century?   2.What kind of deaths are predicted to rise, death from cold weather or from heat?   3.How should nations reduce the number of predicted deaths?   4.Why are much of Scandinavia and Britain predicted to see fewer cold⁃related deaths?   5.When did the most people die from heat waves?   (请完成《作文小册子》P389的练习) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $