12 主题6 科学与技术（主书）-【领航中考】2027年中考英语一轮总复习

主题6　科学与技术 【感知与积累】 一、核心词汇 1.scientist　2.electricity　3.telephone/phone 4.computer　5.machine　6.robot 7.fridge　8.phone　9.camera 10.technology　11.engineer　12.e⁃mail 13.Internet　14.tool　15.sky 16.information　17.invention　18.rule 19.nature　20.geography　21.biography 22.earth　23.space　24.planet 25.convenient　26.fast　27.modern 28.latest　29.online　30.safe 31.send　32.share　33.research　34.develop 35.improve　36.receive　37.connect 38.be made of/from 二、高频词块 1.Cities will be more crowded, and the pollution will be more serious. 2.people can do many things; easier for robots to go to dangerous places 3.People help to do one thing over and over again. 4.The paper is made from bamboo, the chair is made of wood, and they are both made in China by Li Ning. 三、篇章框架 1.Getting electricity　2.powered　3.a plant 4.LED light bulb　5.the sun􀆳s energy 6.chemicals　7.waste　8.Tiny animals 9.electrons　10.energy 【习得与建构】 一、完形填空 1—5 CDABD　6—10 ACADB 二、阅读理解 1—5 BCDBC 三、回答问题 1.Unitree, a Chinese robotics company. 2.It can walk and even run on different types of ground. 3.Because it can easily lose its balance and fall. 4.By using lasers to help it see all around it in 360 degrees. 5.Built-in AI. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 主题6　科学与技术 子主题:公共秩序与法律法规,个人信息安全与国家安全意识;科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新。感知与积累 核心词汇 课标词汇 名 词 1.科学家 　　　　　　　  2.电 　　　　　　　  3.电话 　　　　　　　  4.电脑 　　　　　　　  5.机器 　　　　　　　  6.机器人 　　　　　　　  7.冰箱 　　　　　　　  8.手机 　　　　　　　  9.照相机 　　　　　　　  10.技术 　　　　　　　  11.工程师 　　　　　　　  12.电子邮件 　　　　　　　  13.互联网 　　　　　　　  14.工具 　　　　　　　  15.天空 　　　　　　　  16.信息 　　　　　　　  17.发明 　　　　　　　  18.规则 　　　　　　　  19.自然 　　　　　　　  20. 地理 　　　　　　　  21.生物 　　　　　　　  22.地球 　　　　　　　  23.太空 　　　　　　　  24.行星 　　　　　　　  形 容 词 25.便利的 　　　　　　　  26.快的,迅速的 　　　　　　　  27.现代的 　　　　　　　  28.最新的 　　　　　　　  29.在线的 　　　　　　　  30.安全的 　　　　　　　  动 词 31.发送 　　　　　　　  32.共享 　　　　　　　  33.研究 　　　　　　　  34.发展 　　　　　　　  35.改进 　　　　　　　  36.收到 　　　　　　　  37.连接 　　　　　　　  短语 38.由……制成 　　　　　　　  拓展词汇 1.power cable 电缆,电源线 2.chemical n. 化学物质 3.science project 科学项目 4.a high⁃speed racing car 一辆高速赛车 5.AI(=artificial intelligence) n. 人工智能 高频词块 1.What will the future be like? 未来会是什么样子? [will be将会……] 仿写:城市将会更拥挤,污染会更严重。   2.Although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human. 虽然我们能够让机器人像人类一样活动,但是让它们真正像人一样思考将会很难。  [although作连词,意思是“虽然,尽管,即使,不过,然而”,引导的状语从句放在主句前后均可,有时也可放句中;不可与but, however连用,但可与yet,still连用。] 仿写:虽然人可以做很多事情,但是去危险的地方工作还是机器人更容易些。 Although 　　　　　　　　　　　　,it will be 　.  3.Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again.有些(机器人)可以帮助制造小汽车,并且反复地干着简单的工作。  [help to do sth. 帮助去做某事;over and over again一遍又一遍地。] 仿写:人们帮忙反复做一件事情。   4.It􀆳s made of used wood and glass. 它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。  [be made of由……(材料)制成,看得出原材料,发生的是物理变化。be made from由……(材料)制成,看不出原材料,发生的是化学变化。be made into被制成,be made in在……制造,be made by由……制造。] 仿写:纸是竹子制成的,椅子是木头制成的,它们都由李宁在中国制作的。   篇章框架 Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps. They are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the gases they produce. Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil in the village in the Amazonian rainforest. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb(灯泡).The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015.So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity. While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the sun􀆳s energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons—the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to catch the energy and keep it in the lamp􀆳s batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50⁃watt LED light for two hours—enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done. 阅读文章,完成以下思维导图: 习得与建构 完形填空 Matt was crazy about science. His big dream was to win the “Science Star of the week” award in Mrs. Perry􀆳s class. “Watch this—I􀆳ll make an egg float in water!” Matt announced proudly.Carefully, Matt placed the egg into his saltwater.But instead of floating, it immediately fell to the bottom of the glass.He 　1　 in the experiment.  “Look, Matt􀆳s blushing(脸红)!” Coco shouted. Matt covered his red face with 　2　.  That night, Matt was reading his favorite science experiment book.As he　3　 the final page, he discovered one more experiment to try.  The next day, Matt tried to do the experiment.But he failed again.“Matt􀆳s blushing again!” Emily pointed out.Matt was 　4　 and ran back to his seat with his red face.“Becoming the Science Star seems so 　5　,” Matt thought.That night he couldn􀆳t sleep.Later, a 　6　came to his mind.  The following morning, Matt wore his Mickey Mouse ears. “Mouse ears on the head are your experiment?” someone laughed. “No, watch my face! Blushing is my experiment,” Matt 　7　.  Matt continued,“When you feel stressed, your vessels(血管) in the face open wide and fill the skin with blood, so you blush.” He showed a 　8　　of vessels.“We can see many vessels clearly in the picture.Blushing is a normal part of human beings.We don􀆳t need to treat it 　9　.” The class cheered and agreed with Matt.  “Matt has earned this week􀆳s Science Star title,” announced Mrs.Perry with a smile.Grinning(露齿笑) from ear to ear, Matt walked 　10　 back to his seat.This was truly his best day ever!  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.A.succeeded B.finished C.failed　　　 D.cried (　　)2.A.ears B.feet C.legs D.hands (　　)3.A.turned to B.led to C.stuck to D.belonged to (　　)4.A.excited B.nervous C.comfortable　　 D.bored (　　)5.A.relaxing B.dangerous　 C.terrible D.difficult (　　)6.A.plan B.question　　 C.word D.reason (　　)7.A.guessed　　 B.refused C.answered D.left (　　)8.A.picture B.map C.video D.message (　　)9.A.carelessly B.successfully C.quietly D.seriously (　　)10.A.sadly B.proudly C.stupidly　 D.wisely 阅读理解 　　Since solar panels(太阳能电池板) were invented, solar energy has been rapidly becoming one of the most important renewable energy sources in the world.Unlike fossil(化石) fuels that pollute the environment, solar panels change sunlight directly into electricity without producing harmful emissions.This clean energy solution plays an important role in helping fight climate change while providing power to remote and undeveloped areas. 　　In Africa, solar power has changed people􀆳s lives dramatically.Villages that once had no electricity now use solar panels to power lights, charge phones, and even run small medical equipment.Children can study after dark, and clinics can store vaccines(疫苗) properly.What is the best part? The energy comes free from the sun! However, solar power does face some technical problems.Solar panels naturally don􀆳t work at night and are less efficient on cloudy days.While large⁃scale energy storage systems are still expensive, their prices are dropping rapidly by 15% every year.Scientists around the world are working on developing new technologies to make solar panels more efficient and affordable.　 Many governments in different countries and regions now actively encourage more people to install solar panels.　▲　 China leads in solar panel production, producing over 70% of the world􀆳s supply and making the technology available worldwide at lower costs.As technology continues advancing and costs keep falling, solar energy could soon become our main global power source in the next two decades.  (　　)1.What is the main advantage of solar energy over fossil fuels? A.It works at night. B.It doesn􀆳t pollute the environment.　 C.It􀆳s cheaper to produce. D.It doesn􀆳t need sunlight.　 (　　)2.What does the underlined word“dramatically” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Slightly. B.Suddenly.　 C.Greatly.　 D.Normally.　 (　　)3.What is NOT the problem of solar power? A.It doesn􀆳t work at night. B.It􀆳s less efficient on cloudy days. C.It may be expensive. D.It makes too much noise. (　　)4.Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 4?  A.Japan has developed special solar panels for its regions. B.In Germany, over 50% of homes have installed them to use solar energy. C.India recently built the world􀆳s largest solar power plant in Rajasthan. D.The first solar panel was invented by an American scientist in 1954. (　　)5.What is the best title for the passage? A.The Problems with Solar Energy　 B.How Africa Developed New Technology C.The Magic of Solar Energy D.Why Fossil Fuels are Still Important 回答问题 Remember those dancing robots from the 2025 Spring Festival Gala􀆳s Yangge dance performance? They were created by Unitree, a Chinese robotics company.The company just developed its latest human⁃like robot named G1.This new robot can walk and even run on different types of ground. In the past, human⁃like robots had a hard time walking on the ground that is not smooth.When we walk, we reach out one leg, lean forward a bit, and quickly move the other leg forward.But when a two⁃legged robot does this on uneven ground, it can easily lose its balance and fall. The G1 Bionic robot solves this problem with some high⁃tech equipment.Its sensors (感应器) and special camera act as powerful eyes.The sensors use lasers (激光) to help it see all around it in 360 degrees.And the camera tells it how far away things are.Besides, the robot has motors on its joints(关节).The motors change how hard it pushes its legs so that the robot can move itself to avoid falling. What is more, the robot has built⁃in AI.Its developers filmed humans moving on different types of ground.The AI has learned from these videos so that it can control the robot to move in the same way.In a video from Unitree, the robot walks and runs across railways and over rocks.It even goes up and down hills.The robot can reach speeds of up to 7.2 kilometers per hour.That􀆳s faster than most people can walk.Way to go, G1! 1.Who created the dancing robots from the 2025 Spring Festival Gala?   2.What can the new robot⁃G1 do?   3.Why is it hard for a two⁃legged robot to walk on uneven ground?   4.How do the sensors on the G1 Bionic robot help it?   5.What helps the G1 robot to move like humans or even in the same way?   (请完成《作文小册子》P387的练习) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $