精品解析：天津市耀华中学2026-2027学年高三第一次月考英语

天津市耀华中学2027届高三第一次月考 英语试卷 笔试试卷共150分，考试时间为120分钟。第Ⅰ卷为1至9页，第Ⅱ卷为9-10页，听力试卷为11-12页。 第Ⅰ卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Shall we pause for a coffee break? — ________ We have been buried in work for hours on end. A. Why bother? B. So what? C. You got me there. D. You said it. 2. These dreams never give me a hint of why I decided to ________ the role in that musical production, knowing I was completely unprepared. A. go for B. take down C. draw up D. give away 3. I was drawn to Cosmos not because of the subject, but the communication skills ________ my colleague explained mind-blowing concepts. A. that B. where C. with which D. to whom 4. When Tom set out for the mountain climbing challenge, his poor physical strength became his chief ________. A. evidence B. obstacle C. crisis D. symptom 5. — I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don’t handle it with great care. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 6. The community volunteer association will accept any applicant who meets the basic service requirements, ________ their age, gender or academic qualifications. A. due to B. except for C. apart from D. regardless of 7. Jesop put out a call asking for volunteers to rebuild the bridge and as he ________, the players agreed to meet the next morning. A. suspected B. anticipated C. promised D. confirmed 8. The flight attendant reminded all passengers to power down their electronic devices, for the plane ________. A. took off B. was taking off C. will take off D. had taken off 9. — Considering the minor nature of the matter, you ________ to the conference site in person last weekend. An email would have conveyed all the necessary information. — I still believed face-to-face talks could avoid possible misunderstanding. A. couldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be C. needn’t have been D. shouldn’t be 10. The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A. why B. what C. which D. where 11. ________ the complex English grammar points, the teacher prepared a lot of targeted examples for the students in advance. A. Illustrating B. To illustrate C. Illustrated D. Having illustrated 12. The veteran teacher kept speaking, ________ adjusting his glasses now and then as he delivered the lecture. A. apparently B. deliberately C. roughly D. automatically 13. Hello! This is Kidd. I’m phoning to postpone the appointment I ________ with Prof. Tony for a face-to-face consultation until next Monday. A. will be making B. had made C. have made D. would make 14. With his words ________ in my ears, I discovered a newfound resolve that I had to finish what I had started and achieve my goals. A. having rung B. ringing C. rung D. to ring 15. The construction of such a cross-bay bridge was ________, yet the local administration managed to accomplish the tough project within merely two years. A. a wet blanket B. a piece of cake C. a dark horse D. a hard nut to crack 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For more than 20 years, my husband and I have regularly visited my father-in-law’s home in Corfu. Early in our relationship, we bonded over food, sealing our ____16____ with an agreement to eat our way around the world together. While visiting his parents each summer, we hunted for new ____17____. One of our favorite bakeries there offers phyllo pies (酥皮馅饼). Through a kitchen doorway, we can ____18____ the woman who ____19____ creates phyllo from the beginning. One summer, inspired by that woman, I promised to ____20____ the art of making phyllo. My father-in-law asked for help of an old friend, Dina, who was famous for phyllo-making. When Dina arrived that evening, she ____21____ a wooden dowel (擀面杖) about half an inch in diameter, which my sister-in-law explained was the best tool for ____22____ thin sheets of phyllo. “Two handfuls of flour. A pinch of salt. About one thumb of olive oil,” Dina explained. I hurriedly wrote the ____23____ instructions in my notebook, uncertain about the exact measurements. With skills gained through years of ____24____, Dina mixed, kneaded (揉), rolled, and explained how the phyllo should feel. She held the phyllo to the light, declaring that when it was ____25____ enough, you could read the newspaper through it. At the end of the lesson, Dina held out her wooden dowel. A silence ____26____ the women as my sister-in-law explained that Dina was giving it to me. A few days later, I took my ____27____, planning to carry it on all three flights back home to Chicago. However, a security worker quickly seized the wooden dowel and ____28____ me through the metal detector. My father-in-law tried hard to ____29____ me, but in vain. After walking through security, I turned back and saw he held the dowel up with an ____30____ shrug. Back home, I continued to ____31____ homemade phyllo. I even bought a wooden dowel. I’ve learned to make phyllo, judging its ____32____ just by look. What has stayed with me most is not a ____33____, but the feeling of cooking something meaningful. ____34____ I rarely make homemade phyllo anymore, that evening lesson serves me daily as I ____35____ my way through life. 16. A. adventure B. memory C. romance D. friendship 17. A. treats B. sights C. accounts D. routes 18. A. make a study of B. form a picture of C. hold a memory of D. catch a glimpse of 19. A. secretly B. casually C. gradually D. expertly 20. A. master B. teach C. spread D. copy 21. A. fixed B. produced C. hid D. abandoned 22. A. cutting down B. making up C. setting off D. rolling out 23. A. artificial B. fancy C. vague D. polished 24. A. practice B. training C. witness D. reflection 25. A. soft B. thin C. clean D. smooth 26. A. waited for B. fell over C. glanced at D. ran through 27. A. gift B. prize C. tool D. luggage 28. A. persuaded B. invited C. begged D. urged 29. A. negotiate with B. protest against C. argue for D. care about 30. A. apologetic B. grateful C. delighted D. scary 31. A. narrow B. solid C. perfect D. flat 32. A. production B. shape C. readiness D. color 33. A. souvenir B. guide C. trick D. recipe 34. A. Since B. While C. Unless D. As 35. A. walk B. taste C. fight D. feel 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A From a multi-day trek (长途跋涉) following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic hike in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature. Appalachian Trail, United States Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a task, either for those with abundant vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route. Well-marked paths and campsites mean it can be tackled alone. The Basho Wayfarer, Japan Japan boasts numerous ancient trails, connecting temples and cities. This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day trek starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its beech and cherry forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera. Mount Toubkal, Morocco North Africa’s highest peak at 4,167 meters, a hike to the top of Mount Toubkal isn’t for the faint-hearted. The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through the holy place and on towards a large mountain hut. After overnighting here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the summit, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are impressive. A local guide and muleteers (赶骡人) for carrying luggage are a must. The Dingle Way, Ireland Stretching 111 miles, The Dingle Way is a circular path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise (顺时针的) path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brandon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula. 36. Appalachian Trail in the US is suitable for the hikers ________. A. who challenge it as a task B. who are on a tight budget C. who have a lot of vacations D. who want to visit lonely places 37. What do we know about The Basho Wayfarer in Japan? A. The hikers can finish the hiking route by themselves. B. A poet named Basho built the route 300 years ago. C. There are cherry forests in the mountains of Natagiri-toge. D. Many of the UNESCO heritage sites are along the trails. 38. What preparation cannot be skipped for the hike up Mount Toubkal? A. Making a careful self-guided travel plan. B. Hiring local helpers to handle luggage. C. Getting professional forest camping tools. D. Preparing supplies for a six-day journey. 39. What makes The Dingle Way in Ireland special? A. The whole route is made up of wide highways. B. Travellers climb all the way to a high peak. C. Walkers end their journey where they start. D. This trail ranks as the world’s longest footpath. B The other day, a new research idea struck me. The conceptual path was clear, but the execution (实施) required much work: synthesizing the literature, writing code, training models and performing statistical analysis. Several years ago, I would have recruited a graduate student for the project and offered guidance. This time, an uncomfortable thought came to me: Should I assign these tasks to AI instead of taking a chance on a student? I recalled my own graduate-school days over a decade ago. When I applied for my Ph. D. program, I had almost no research experience. Though I had done basic homework on professors’ research fields, I barely understood technical concepts like robotics and algorithms (算法). Fortunately, one professor accepted me. The early months were tough. I read and summarized materials constantly. Yet my work was often unsatisfying, and I had to restart from scratch repeatedly. I even considered quitting. Still, my adviser believed in my potential and patiently guided me. After about one year, I produced usable research results and grew from an inexperienced novice into a junior researcher. Later as a professor, I witnessed my own students suffer similar struggles. I spent plenty of time sorting out their confusion. Seeing them turn into capable collaborators (协作者) brought me great satisfaction. Now AI provides a new alternative. Though not a perfect research partner, it can finish many urgent tasks competently. It needs no training period, no meetings and no emotional support, which has changed my state of mind. Students are invaluable in the long run, yet their value develops slowly, while AI can produce immediate results. Tempting as AI is, choosing algorithms over trainees feels like a betrayal of academic values. Some of my colleagues admit they take fewer students and set higher admission standards. If students are expected to achieve high performance right from the start, they may rely heavily on AI tools. Consequently, they may miss precious chances to struggle with tasks and learn from mistakes, merely becoming intermediaries between research ideas and AI outputs. Under heavy publication pressure, professors find AI increasingly appealing. The real risk is not that AI will completely replace graduate students soon. Instead, the long-held belief that training students is a natural part of professors’ academic life may quietly fade away. In many cases, using AI may become the most practical choice. I wonder what future awaits inexperienced new students. Honestly, for my new project, I am unwilling to risk taking on a novice — meaning I would probably not accept my younger self as a student today. 40. What troubled the author after he came up with a new research idea? A. He hesitated between AI and a student to complete tasks. B. He doubted whether the project was fit for new graduates. C. He worried about the high cost of carrying out the project. D. He lacked efficient ways to finish complex research tasks. 41. What is the function of Paragraph 2 in the text? A. To present background information of AI technology. B. To offer personal experience as supporting evidence. C. To list major problems facing present-day professors. D. To propose practical solutions for graduate training. 42. What change has happened among some of the author’s colleagues? A. They turn down most student applications. B. They try to avoid academic pressure actively. C. They show little interest in new technology. D. They rely less on students for research tasks. 43. What is the author’s major concern about student use of AI? A. Students may depend on AI for daily study. B. Students may finish work in a careless manner. C. Students may lose chances to learn from failures. D. Students may ignore teachers’ professional guidance. 44. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientific research is changed by modern tools B. AI helps reduce professors’ academic pressure C. AI brings hidden challenges to graduate training D. Traditional academic teaching faces public doubt C More than a billion years ago a hungry cell devoured (吞噬) a tiny blue-green algae (蓝藻). But instead of the former simply digesting the latter, the two organisms struck a remarkable evolutionary deal. Now scientists are trying to engineer that miracle in a laboratory. In a recent experiment reported in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, researchers transplanted that algae’s photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) descendants, plant organelles called chloroplasts (叶绿体), into hamster (仓鼠) cells — where they converted light into energy, staying active for at least two days. Scientists had previously tried transferring plant chloroplasts into fungi cells, but the cells’ cleanup team destroyed foreign organelles within hours. For their attempt, Matsunaga’s group harvested extra-tough chloroplasts from a red algae that thrives (茁壮生长) in acidic volcanic hot springs and housed them in lab-cultured hamster ovary cells. The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge (离心机) and gentle stirring (搅拌). Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes (膜), as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s (培养基) composition so it persuaded the animal cells into swallowing the chloroplasts like amoebas (阿米巴虫) do, Matsunaga says, “mistaking them for nutrients.” The transplanted chloroplasts maintained their structure and showed successful electron (电子) transport, a crucial step in processing light, for two days before breaking down. Previous attempts at transplanting a chloroplast into a foreign cell had worked for just a few hours. “I was impressed that they were able to get that much benefit out of it,” says cell biologist Jef D. Boeke of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Challenges remain: Chloroplasts need a steady supply of proteins from the cell. “Animal cells, however, don’t have the necessary genes to make and transport these proteins, so chloroplasts would break down quickly without them,” says Werner Kühlbrandt, a structural biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt. Like Boeke, he was not involved in the new study. Next, Matsunaga’s team plans to try inserting photosynthesis-maintaining genes into animal cells, aiming to make them more suitable with the transplanted chloroplasts. These types of transplants could someday help scientists engineer living materials, Boeke says, such as photosynthesizing fungi or bacteria that might be used on rooftops to take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or lab organoids that can grow faster using a chloroplast’s extra oxygen. Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.” 45. What do we know about the event over one billion years ago A. Chloroplasts were produced directly by hamster cells. B. Scientists copied the ancient event long before in labs. C. A cell and algae formed an unusual evolutionary partnership. D. A blue-green algae was digested completely by a hungry cell. 46. What was the major limitation of earlier chloroplast-transplant experiments? A. Host cells refused to take in any outside materials. B. Foreign organelles got destroyed within a few hours. C. They used chloroplasts taken from hot-spring algae. D. Centrifugation damaged most of the collected chloroplasts. 47. What does the new method avoid doing? A. Culturing hamster cells in a lab. B. Piercing host cell membranes directly. C. Using centrifuge to isolate chloroplasts. D. Harvesting chloroplasts from hot springs. 48. According to Werner Kühlbrandt, what stops chloroplasts from working long inside animal cells? A. Animal cells fail to provide required proteins. B. Light energy cannot pass through animal cell membranes. C. Animal cells produce chemicals poisoning chloroplasts. D. The electron transport process cannot be completed. 49. How does Matsunaga’s comment in the last paragraph sound? A. Humorous but objective. B. Truthful and knowledgeable. C. Ironic but attractive. D. Enthusiastic and hopeful. 50. What does the passage mainly focus on? A. Reasons why animal cells refuse foreign organelles. B. The long history of ancient algae evolution on Earth. C. Major breakthroughs in human solar-power technology. D. An experiment putting algae chloroplasts into animal cells. D It has come to my attention that some of you are dating AI chatbots. One AI user even praised, “It will be better than a real girlfriend. One day, the real one will be the worse choice.” Sadly, that will never be the case. The problem with AI companions isn’t their technological shortcomings; it’s a fundamental misread of why we have relationships to begin with. The point of intimacy (亲密关系) is not just to see how much praise you can get from someone. What makes relationships satisfying is giving to someone else. You cannot give anything to an AI companion that will substantially improve its life, because it is not alive. So, you cannot bring them soup when they are sick. You can’t pick out a birthday present for them that will make them happy. There are certainly people who might feel that getting unconditional love with no effort sounds like a plus, but your brain is built to connect with other people; it gets happiness from making others happy. Giving to others boosts happy hormones (荷尔蒙). Giving makes you feel better, in some cases, than when you receive. In one study, participants were given money to spend either on themselves or to donate to others. The people who gave the money away reported higher levels of happiness than those who kept it, and also had greater “pleasure” areas of their brain light up in an MRI. You can love them perfectly and not be loved in return. It is heartbreaking. But it doesn’t mean that your love was for nothing. Loving others makes us better people — more patient, thoughtful and sympathetic. Those skills remain even if the relationship ends. Sometimes it even takes a few rounds of “It’s not you, it’s me” and the accompanying ugly-crying sessions to learn what’s expected of you and what you should expect in others. It’s why you’re probably a better person now than you were when you were a teenager. Give your energy, your kindness, your empathy to someone else who has the potential to respond to you. Which is to say, another human. 51. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To predict the future development of AI. B. To show the technical power of AI chatbots. C. To present a popular view about AI romance. D. To describe the advantages of real relationships. 52. What is the root problem of AI companions according to the author? A. They ignore the intimate relationship with people. B. They cannot feel the care from human beings. C. They lack advanced skills to improve their lives. D. They are unable to satisfy people’s demand for praise. 53. Why is the study mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To prove receiving love brings more joy. B. To show MRI can observe brain activities. C. To advise readers to donate money regularly. D. To support the idea that giving creates happiness. 54. What can we infer about one-sided love from the text? A. It is bound to bring about painful break-ups. B. It contributes to people developing good qualities. C. It is heartbreaking to find the love was for nothing. D. It changes people’s expectation of themselves and others. 55. What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. It is wise for us to turn ourselves into another human. B. Empathy helps build close connections with AI companions. C. AI chatbots have the potential to respond to human feelings. D. People are advised to pour their feelings into real humans. 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 The Norwegian islands of Svalbard, lying roughly half-way between Norway’s northern coast and the North Pole, is the site of the world’s northernmost permanent settlements. Blomdahl, who lives in Svalbard’s largest city of Longyearbyen, is one of about 2,500 residents in the region. Many people who look for extreme conditions may be motivated by desires to challenge the limits of their physical and psychological abilities, escape personal problems or everyday boredom, or simply to seek the thrill. For Blomdahl, a glimpse of Svalbard’s unparalleled scenery was all she needed to give up her corporate ambitions in England and choose to live what she describes as a “nature-connected life marked by a slower pace”. “When you live here, you really get immersed in it, the quiet and peaceful nature,” Blomdahl said. “And every day being so close to nature is fascinating.” But life in Svalbard isn’t easy. In Svalbard, polar night runs from mid-November to the end of January, when the sun doesn’t rise. Midnight sun, which lasts between April and August, is when the sun doesn’t set. These periods of constant light and day-long dark can disrupt sleep-wake cycles and affect blood protein levels, and lead to increased risks of chronic disease. Despite taking supplements (补充剂), Blomdahl says she noticed a drop in her vitamin D levels, which support immune health and brain cell activity. Nonetheless, Blomdahl emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive outlook and staying active during what otherwise could be a lethargic season. “Your mindset is so powerful. I see these dark days as something cozy,” Blomdahl said. Blomdahl’s positive mindset and love for Svalbard keep her away from focusing too much on uncertainty or concern. Instead, she says she’s solely focused on creating educational and peaceful content about her distinctive life in a distinctive place. “That’s just what I want to do,” said Blomdahl. “I want to show the beauty of the Arctic.” 56. Why did Blomdahl give up her work ambition in England? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What problems may be caused by polar night and midnight sun in Svalbard? (No more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word “lethargic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? (1 word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What is Blomdahl devoted to doing at present? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How can you gain benefits from tough situations? Please explain with an example. (No more than 25 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假如你是晨光中学的李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办为期一个月的“挑战自我、提升自我”活动，请你作为学生代表以“Let’s Strive to Be Better Ourselves”为题写一篇发言稿，就提高自我的方法给出一些建议，内容包括： 1．提升自我的重要性； 2．如何提升自我(设定目标、培养习惯、正视不足)； 3．表达期望。 注意： 1．不少于100词； 2．文章开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Dear friends, Good morning! I’m Li Hua. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市耀华中学2027届高三第一次月考 英语试卷 笔试试卷共150分，考试时间为120分钟。第Ⅰ卷为1至9页，第Ⅱ卷为9-10页，听力试卷为11-12页。 第Ⅰ卷（共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Shall we pause for a coffee break? — ________ We have been buried in work for hours on end. A. Why bother? B. So what? C. You got me there. D. You said it. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我们停下来喝杯咖啡休息一下好吗？——你说得对。我们已经埋头连续工作好几个小时了。A. Why bother何必麻烦；B. So what那又怎样；C. You got me there你难住我了；D. You said it你说得对。结合后文说连续埋头工作很久，说话人赞同休息的提议，应选You said it。 2. These dreams never give me a hint of why I decided to ________ the role in that musical production, knowing I was completely unprepared. A. go for B. take down C. draw up D. give away 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些梦想从未给我一点提示，为什么我明知自己毫无准备，还要争取那部音乐剧中的角色。 A. go for争取，努力获得； B. take down记下；拆除； C. draw up起草，使停下； D. give away赠送，泄露。 根据后文“the role in that musical production”可知，此处指努力争取这个角色。 3. I was drawn to Cosmos not because of the subject, but the communication skills ________ my colleague explained mind-blowing concepts. A. that B. where C. with which D. to whom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我被《宇宙》吸引，不是因为主题，而是因为我同事用来讲解令人震撼概念的沟通技巧。本空引导定语从句，先行词为communication skills，表示“用某物/某事来解释某事”用explain sth. with sth.，介词with提前，关系词作介词with的宾语，用which。 4. When Tom set out for the mountain climbing challenge, his poor physical strength became his chief ________. A. evidence B. obstacle C. crisis D. symptom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当汤姆出发去参加登山挑战时，他较差的体能成了他主要的障碍。A. evidence证据；B. obstacle障碍；C. crisis危机；D. symptom症状。根据空前的“his poor physical strength”可知，体力不足会对登山挑战造成阻碍。 5. — I wonder if I can borrow your new camera to shoot some photos for the project. — You ________ have my camera if you don’t handle it with great care. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我想知道能不能借你的新相机，为这个项目拍些照片。——如果你不小心爱护它，你不能用我的相机。A. shan’t禁止；B. might not可能不；C. needn’t不必；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“if you don’t handle it with great care”可知，此空用shan’t，意为“不许”，表示警告。 6. The community volunteer association will accept any applicant who meets the basic service requirements, ________ their age, gender or academic qualifications. A. due to B. except for C. apart from D. regardless of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：社区志愿者协会将接受任何符合基本服务要求的申请者，不论他们的年龄、性别或学历。A. due to由于；B. except for除了；C. apart from除……之外；D. regardless of不管，不论。前后语境为让步关系，空格处表达“不论”，regardless of符合语境。 7. Jesop put out a call asking for volunteers to rebuild the bridge and as he ________, the players agreed to meet the next morning. A. suspected B. anticipated C. promised D. confirmed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：Jesop发出号召招募志愿者重建桥梁，正如他所预料的，参与者同意第二天早上集合。A. suspected怀疑；B. anticipated预料，预期；C. promised承诺；D. confirmed证实。结合the players agreed to meet the next morning可知，参与者同意第二天早上集合，这正是他所预料的，空格处表达“预料”，anticipated符合句意。 8. The flight attendant reminded all passengers to power down their electronic devices, for the plane ________. A. took off B. was taking off C. will take off D. had taken off 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：空乘人员提醒所有乘客关闭电子设备，因为飞机即将起飞。空处在句中作原因状语分句的谓语，前一个分句的谓语reminded是一般过去时，was/were + doing为过去进行时的构成，可以表示过去即将发生的动作，常用于位置移动类动词，the plane was taking off表示“飞机马上要起飞”，符合语境。 9. — Considering the minor nature of the matter, you ________ to the conference site in person last weekend. An email would have conveyed all the necessary information. — I still believed face-to-face talks could avoid possible misunderstanding. A. couldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be C. needn’t have been D. shouldn’t be 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——考虑到这件事无关紧要，你上周末本不必亲自去会场。一封邮件就可以传达所有必要信息。——我仍然认为面谈能够避免可能产生的误解。此处为“情态动词+have done”的用法，结合句意，此处表示“本不必做某事（实际已经做了）”，所以此处使用needn’t have done。 10. The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A. why B. what C. which D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这部自然纪录片通过各类真实案例向我们揭示，为什么我们应该采取行动，保护湿地生态系统免遭进一步破坏。空处引导宾语从句，在从句内部充当原因状语，表示“为什么”，应用why。 11. ________ the complex English grammar points, the teacher prepared a lot of targeted examples for the students in advance. A. Illustrating B. To illustrate C. Illustrated D. Having illustrated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了说明复杂的英语语法点，老师事先为学生准备了许多有针对性的例子。句中已有谓语prepared，此处应用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 12. The veteran teacher kept speaking, ________ adjusting his glasses now and then as he delivered the lecture. A. apparently B. deliberately C. roughly D. automatically 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位资深教师一直在讲话，在讲课时时不时下意识地调整他的眼镜。A. apparently显然；B. deliberately故意地；C. roughly粗略地、粗暴地；D. automatically自动地、下意识地。根据空后的“adjusting his glasses now and then as he delivered the lecture”可知，此处表示该教师专注讲课时下意识的动作，automatically符合语境。 13. Hello! This is Kidd. I’m phoning to postpone the appointment I ________ with Prof. Tony for a face-to-face consultation until next Monday. A. will be making B. had made C. have made D. would make 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：您好！我是基德。我打电话是为了推迟我和托尼教授约定的面对面咨询，改到下周一。此处定语从句动作make发生在打电话之前，对现在造成影响（现在要推迟预约），使用现在完成时，其主语为第一人称I，所以谓语动词为have made。 14. With his words ________ in my ears, I discovered a newfound resolve that I had to finish what I had started and achieve my goals. A. having rung B. ringing C. rung D. to ring 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：他的话语回响在我耳边，我萌生了新的决心，必须完成已经开始的事，实现我的目标。此处是with的复合结构，his words与ring是主动关系，话语回响在耳边是伴随状态，此空用现在分词ringing，作宾补。 15. The construction of such a cross-bay bridge was ________, yet the local administration managed to accomplish the tough project within merely two years. A. a wet blanket B. a piece of cake C. a dark horse D. a hard nut to crack 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：建造这样一座跨海大桥曾是一个棘手的难题，但当地政府仅用两年时间就完成了这项艰巨的工程。A. a wet blanket令人扫兴的人或事物；B. a piece of cake小菜一碟；C. a dark horse一匹黑马；D. a hard nut to crack一个棘手的难题。结合the tough project可知，建造这样一座跨海大桥曾是一件棘手的难题，选项中的a hard nut to crack符合本句语境。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For more than 20 years, my husband and I have regularly visited my father-in-law’s home in Corfu. Early in our relationship, we bonded over food, sealing our ____16____ with an agreement to eat our way around the world together. While visiting his parents each summer, we hunted for new ____17____. One of our favorite bakeries there offers phyllo pies (酥皮馅饼). Through a kitchen doorway, we can ____18____ the woman who ____19____ creates phyllo from the beginning. One summer, inspired by that woman, I promised to ____20____ the art of making phyllo. My father-in-law asked for help of an old friend, Dina, who was famous for phyllo-making. When Dina arrived that evening, she ____21____ a wooden dowel (擀面杖) about half an inch in diameter, which my sister-in-law explained was the best tool for ____22____ thin sheets of phyllo. “Two handfuls of flour. A pinch of salt. About one thumb of olive oil,” Dina explained. I hurriedly wrote the ____23____ instructions in my notebook, uncertain about the exact measurements. With skills gained through years of ____24____, Dina mixed, kneaded (揉), rolled, and explained how the phyllo should feel. She held the phyllo to the light, declaring that when it was ____25____ enough, you could read the newspaper through it. At the end of the lesson, Dina held out her wooden dowel. A silence ____26____ the women as my sister-in-law explained that Dina was giving it to me. A few days later, I took my ____27____, planning to carry it on all three flights back home to Chicago. However, a security worker quickly seized the wooden dowel and ____28____ me through the metal detector. My father-in-law tried hard to ____29____ me, but in vain. After walking through security, I turned back and saw he held the dowel up with an ____30____ shrug. Back home, I continued to ____31____ homemade phyllo. I even bought a wooden dowel. I’ve learned to make phyllo, judging its ____32____ just by look. What has stayed with me most is not a ____33____, but the feeling of cooking something meaningful. ____34____ I rarely make homemade phyllo anymore, that evening lesson serves me daily as I ____35____ my way through life. 16. A. adventure B. memory C. romance D. friendship 17. A. treats B. sights C. accounts D. routes 18. A. make a study of B. form a picture of C. hold a memory of D. catch a glimpse of 19. A. secretly B. casually C. gradually D. expertly 20. A. master B. teach C. spread D. copy 21. A. fixed B. produced C. hid D. abandoned 22. A. cutting down B. making up C. setting off D. rolling out 23. A. artificial B. fancy C. vague D. polished 24. A. practice B. training C. witness D. reflection 25. A. soft B. thin C. clean D. smooth 26. A. waited for B. fell over C. glanced at D. ran through 27. A. gift B. prize C. tool D. luggage 28. A. persuaded B. invited C. begged D. urged 29. A. negotiate with B. protest against C. argue for D. care about 30. A. apologetic B. grateful C. delighted D. scary 31. A. narrow B. solid C. perfect D. flat 32. A. production B. shape C. readiness D. color 33. A. souvenir B. guide C. trick D. recipe 34. A. Since B. While C. Unless D. As 35. A. walk B. taste C. fight D. feel 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者在希腊科孚岛学习酥皮制作，获赠擀面杖，在机场安检被扣留，这段经历带给作者人生感悟。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们刚在一起的时候，美食拉近了彼此，我们约定一起尝遍世界各地的美食，以此守护这份浪漫。A. adventure冒险；B. memory记忆；C. romance浪漫；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“my husband and I”及“Early in our relationship, we bonded over food”可知，当时作者夫妇二人还是情侣关系，因美食拉近彼此，约定一起尝遍世界美食来守护二人之间的浪漫情愫。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：每年夏天去看望他父母时，我们都会寻找各式各样的新的美食。A. treats美食、小吃；B. sights风景；C. accounts记述；D. routes路线。根据前文“with an agreement to eat our way around the world together”可知，二人约定一起尝遍世界美食，因此会寻找各式各样的美食。 【18题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：透过厨房门口，我们可以瞥见那位熟练从头制作酥皮的女士。A. make a study of研究；B. form a picture of想象；C. hold a memory of铭记；D. catch a glimpse of瞥见。根据前文“Through a kitchen doorway”可知，透过厨房门口，隔着门框，只能远远瞥见里面的人。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：透过厨房门口，我们可以瞥见那位熟练地从头制作酥皮的女士。A. secretly秘密地；B. casually随意地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. expertly熟练地。根据前文“One of our favorite bakeries there offers phyllo pies”可知，这是一家出售酥皮馅饼的面包店，结合常识可知，这位女士常年制作酥皮，手艺肯定娴熟。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：有一年夏天，受这位女士的启发，我决心掌握制作酥皮的手艺。A. master掌握；B. teach教；C. spread传播；D. copy复制。根据空后的“the art of making phyllo”并结合后文找老师学习的情节可知，看到女士精湛手艺，作者受到启发，想要掌握这门制作酥皮的技艺。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：迪娜那天晚上到场，拿出一根直径约半英寸的木擀面杖，嫂子告诉我这是擀出超薄酥皮最好的工具。A. fixed修理；B. produced拿出；C. hid隐藏；D. abandoned抛弃。根据空后的“a wooden dowel”可知，此处表示迪娜拿出一根擀面杖。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：迪娜那天晚上到场，拿出一根直径约半英寸的木擀面杖，嫂子告诉我这是擀出超薄酥皮最好的工具。A. cutting down砍倒；B. making up编造；C. setting off出发；D. rolling out擀开。根据前文“a wooden dowel”并结合常识可知，擀面杖是用来擀出薄薄的酥皮的工具。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我急忙把这些模糊的操作步骤记在笔记本上，并不清楚精确的用量。A. artificial人造的；B. fancy精致的；C. vague模糊的；D. polished打磨光亮的。根据后文“uncertain about the exact measurements”可知，没有精确计量，说明口述的操作说明是模糊的。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：凭借多年练习练就的手艺，迪娜和面、揉面、擀皮，一边讲解酥皮该有的手感。A. practice练习；B. training训练；C. witness目击者；D. reflection反思。根据空前的“With skills gained through years of ”可知，迪娜的手艺来自长年不断的实操练习。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她把面皮举到光线下，宣称当面皮足够薄的时候，隔着面皮都能看清报纸上的文字。A. soft柔软的；B. thin薄的；C. clean干净的；D. smooth光滑的。根据后文“you could read the newspaper through it”可知，隔着面皮可以读报纸，说明面皮足够薄。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当嫂子解释说迪娜要把它送给我时，一阵静默笼罩在女士们之间。A. waited for等待；B. fell over笼罩；C. glanced at瞥一眼；D. ran through快速浏览。根据空前的“A silence”可知，此处指当大家明白迪娜要把擀面杖给刚学着制作酥皮的作者时，一阵静默笼罩在女士们之间。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：几天后，我带着我的工具，打算带着它换乘三段航班回到芝加哥的家中。A. gift礼物；B. prize奖品；C. tool工具；D. luggage行李。根据前文第二段中“When Dina arrived that evening, she ________ a wooden dowel about half an inch in diameter, which my sister-in-law explained was the best tool for ________ thin sheets of phyllo.”可知，这根擀面杖被描述为能做出薄酥皮的最佳工具。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是一名安检人员很快没收了这根木擀面杖，并催促我走过金属探测仪。A. persuaded劝说；B. invited邀请；C. begged乞求；D. urged催促。根据前文“a security worker”可知，安检人员没收了擀面杖，催促作者过金属探测仪，符合机场安检的流程。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：公公努力为这根擀面杖据理力争，但是徒劳无功。A. negotiate with协商；B. protest against抗议；C. argue for为……争辩；D. care about关心。根据前文“a security worker quickly seized the wooden dowel”可知，看到安检人员没收了擀面杖，公公努力为这件擀面杖据理力争，想要回擀面杖。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：过完安检之后，我回头望去，看见他举着擀面杖，带着歉意耸了耸肩。A. apologetic满怀歉意的；B. grateful感激的；C. delighted开心的；D. scary吓人的。根据前文“but in vain”可知，公公没能帮作者保住擀面杖，只能举着擀面杖，带着歉意的耸耸肩，符合他没帮上忙的状态。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：回到家后，我继续完善自制酥皮的技艺。A. narrow窄的；B. solid坚实的；C. perfect使完善的；D. flat平坦的。根据后文“I’ve learned to make phyllo, judging its ________ just by look.”可知，回到家后作者继续练习，想要做出完美的自制酥皮。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：我学会了制作酥皮，仅凭肉眼就能判断面皮是否已经准备妥当。A. production生产；B. shape形状；C. readiness准备就绪；D. color颜色。根据前文第三段中“She held the phyllo to the light, declaring that when it was ________ enough, you could read the newspaper through it.”可知，作者学会了做酥皮，光靠看就能判断面皮是不是已经准备就绪，对应前文迪娜教授的判断面皮合格的方法。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：最让我铭记于心的并不是一份食谱，而是制作有意义食物的那份感受。A. souvenir纪念品；B. guide指南；C. trick诀窍；D. recipe食谱。根据前文第三段中“‘Two handfuls of flour. A pinch of salt. About one thumb of olive oil,’ Dina explained.”可知，迪娜曾经教授过作者酥皮的食谱配方，此处表示留在作者心里最久的不是一份食谱，而是制作有意义的食物的感受，呼应了前文她记了模糊的配方、后来自己熟练掌握的情节，突出精神收获远大于具体配方。 【34题详解】 考查连词。句意：虽然我如今很少再做自制酥皮了，但那晚的一课每天都在指引着我，让我在人生中品味前行。A. Since自从；B. While虽然；C. Unless除非；D. As随着。根据空后的“I rarely make homemade phyllo anymore”可知，此处表示虽然作者现在很少做酥皮，但那晚的课一直影响着她。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然我如今很少再做自制酥皮了，但那晚的一课每天都在指引着我，让我在人生中品味前行。A. walk行走；B. taste品尝；C. fight战斗；D. feel感受。作者当初和丈夫约定吃遍世界，用“品味（taste）人生”呼应全文的美食主题，是贯穿全文的隐喻。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A From a multi-day trek (长途跋涉) following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic hike in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature. Appalachian Trail, United States Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a task, either for those with abundant vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route. Well-marked paths and campsites mean it can be tackled alone. The Basho Wayfarer, Japan Japan boasts numerous ancient trails, connecting temples and cities. This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day trek starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its beech and cherry forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera. Mount Toubkal, Morocco North Africa’s highest peak at 4,167 meters, a hike to the top of Mount Toubkal isn’t for the faint-hearted. The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through the holy place and on towards a large mountain hut. After overnighting here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the summit, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are impressive. A local guide and muleteers (赶骡人) for carrying luggage are a must. The Dingle Way, Ireland Stretching 111 miles, The Dingle Way is a circular path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise (顺时针的) path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brandon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula. 36. Appalachian Trail in the US is suitable for the hikers ________. A. who challenge it as a task B. who are on a tight budget C. who have a lot of vacations D. who want to visit lonely places 37. What do we know about The Basho Wayfarer in Japan? A. The hikers can finish the hiking route by themselves. B. A poet named Basho built the route 300 years ago. C. There are cherry forests in the mountains of Natagiri-toge. D. Many of the UNESCO heritage sites are along the trails. 38. What preparation cannot be skipped for the hike up Mount Toubkal? A. Making a careful self-guided travel plan. B. Hiring local helpers to handle luggage. C. Getting professional forest camping tools. D. Preparing supplies for a six-day journey. 39. What makes The Dingle Way in Ireland special? A. The whole route is made up of wide highways. B. Travellers climb all the way to a high peak. C. Walkers end their journey where they start. D. This trail ranks as the world’s longest footpath. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了世界四条著名徒步路线（美国、日本、摩洛哥、爱尔兰），介绍了各条路线的位置、特点、徒步要求。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Appalachian Trail, United States部分中“That means it’s a task, either for those with abundant vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route. (这意味着，走完全程是一项艰巨任务，适合假期充足的徒步爱好者，或是只想体验这条经典路线其中一小段的徒步者。)”可知，这条步道适合假期充足的徒步者。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Basho Wayfarer, Japan部分中“This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. (这条自助徒步路线，沿着诗人松尾芭蕉三百多年前走过的路径前行。)”可知，徒步者可以独自走完这条路线。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mount Toubkal, Morocco部分中“A local guide and muleteers for carrying luggage are a must. (必须聘请当地向导以及搬运行李的赶骡人。)”可知，不能略过的准备是聘请当地赶骡人帮忙运行李。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Dingle Way, Ireland部分中“Stretching 111 miles, The Dingle Way is a circular path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. (全长111英里，丁格尔步道是一条环形路线，是深入感受爱尔兰西南部凯里郡旷野风光的绝佳途径。)”可知，这是一条环形路线，说明徒步者最终会回到起点。 B The other day, a new research idea struck me. The conceptual path was clear, but the execution (实施) required much work: synthesizing the literature, writing code, training models and performing statistical analysis. Several years ago, I would have recruited a graduate student for the project and offered guidance. This time, an uncomfortable thought came to me: Should I assign these tasks to AI instead of taking a chance on a student? I recalled my own graduate-school days over a decade ago. When I applied for my Ph. D. program, I had almost no research experience. Though I had done basic homework on professors’ research fields, I barely understood technical concepts like robotics and algorithms (算法). Fortunately, one professor accepted me. The early months were tough. I read and summarized materials constantly. Yet my work was often unsatisfying, and I had to restart from scratch repeatedly. I even considered quitting. Still, my adviser believed in my potential and patiently guided me. After about one year, I produced usable research results and grew from an inexperienced novice into a junior researcher. Later as a professor, I witnessed my own students suffer similar struggles. I spent plenty of time sorting out their confusion. Seeing them turn into capable collaborators (协作者) brought me great satisfaction. Now AI provides a new alternative. Though not a perfect research partner, it can finish many urgent tasks competently. It needs no training period, no meetings and no emotional support, which has changed my state of mind. Students are invaluable in the long run, yet their value develops slowly, while AI can produce immediate results. Tempting as AI is, choosing algorithms over trainees feels like a betrayal of academic values. Some of my colleagues admit they take fewer students and set higher admission standards. If students are expected to achieve high performance right from the start, they may rely heavily on AI tools. Consequently, they may miss precious chances to struggle with tasks and learn from mistakes, merely becoming intermediaries between research ideas and AI outputs. Under heavy publication pressure, professors find AI increasingly appealing. The real risk is not that AI will completely replace graduate students soon. Instead, the long-held belief that training students is a natural part of professors’ academic life may quietly fade away. In many cases, using AI may become the most practical choice. I wonder what future awaits inexperienced new students. Honestly, for my new project, I am unwilling to risk taking on a novice — meaning I would probably not accept my younger self as a student today. 40. What troubled the author after he came up with a new research idea? A. He hesitated between AI and a student to complete tasks. B. He doubted whether the project was fit for new graduates. C. He worried about the high cost of carrying out the project. D. He lacked efficient ways to finish complex research tasks. 41. What is the function of Paragraph 2 in the text? A. To present background information of AI technology. B. To offer personal experience as supporting evidence. C. To list major problems facing present-day professors. D. To propose practical solutions for graduate training. 42. What change has happened among some of the author’s colleagues? A. They turn down most student applications. B. They try to avoid academic pressure actively. C. They show little interest in new technology. D. They rely less on students for research tasks. 43. What is the author’s major concern about student use of AI? A. Students may depend on AI for daily study. B. Students may finish work in a careless manner. C. Students may lose chances to learn from failures. D. Students may ignore teachers’ professional guidance. 44. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientific research is changed by modern tools B. AI helps reduce professors’ academic pressure C. AI brings hidden challenges to graduate training D. Traditional academic teaching faces public doubt 【答案】40. A 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者结合自身求学经历，探讨人工智能可以高效完成科研任务，但给研究生培养带来潜在挑战，警示学界不要放弃培养科研新人。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This time, an uncomfortable thought came to me: Should I assign these tasks to AI instead of taking a chance on a student? (这一次，一个令人不安的想法涌上心头：我是否该把这些任务交给人工智能，而不是冒险交给学生？)”可知，作者有了新研究想法后，陷入了是把任务交给人工智能、还是交给学生的两难犹豫，这正是困扰他的问题。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“I recalled my own graduate-school days over a decade ago. When I applied for my Ph. D. program, I had almost no research experience. Though I had done basic homework on professors’ research fields, I barely understood technical concepts like robotics and algorithms (算法). Fortunately, one professor accepted me. The early months were tough. I read and summarized materials constantly. Yet my work was often unsatisfying, and I had to restart from scratch repeatedly. I even considered quitting. Still, my adviser believed in my potential and patiently guided me. After about one year, I produced usable research results and grew from an inexperienced novice into a junior researcher. Later as a professor, I witnessed my own students suffer similar struggles. I spent plenty of time sorting out their confusion. Seeing them turn into capable collaborators (协作者) brought me great satisfaction. (我回想起十多年前自己读研究生的岁月。申请博士项目时，我几乎没有科研经验。尽管我简单了解过各位教授的研究领域，但我几乎看不懂机器人、算法这类专业概念。幸运的是，一位教授录取了我。最初的几个月十分艰难。我不停地阅读、总结资料，可成果常常不尽人意，不得不一次次从头再来。我甚至想过放弃。但我的导师相信我的潜力，耐心地指导我。大约一年后，我产出了可用的研究成果，从毫无经验的新手成长为初级研究者。后来我当了教授，亲眼看到自己的学生经历相似的困境。我花大量时间理清他们的困惑。看着他们成长为能干的合作者，带给我巨大的满足感。)”可知，作者回忆了自己当年的亲身经历，是用个人经历作为支撑后文观点的依据，证明培养学生、经历磨砺对科研新人很重要。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Some of my colleagues admit they take fewer students and set higher admission standards. (我的一些同事坦言，招收学生更少，入学标准也定得更高。)”可知，作者的一些同事招收学生变少、入学门槛提高，也就是科研工作对学生的依赖变少。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If students are expected to achieve high performance right from the start, they may rely heavily on AI tools. Consequently, they may miss precious chances to struggle with tasks and learn from mistakes, merely becoming intermediaries between research ideas and AI outputs. (如果要求学生从一开始就拿出高质量成果，他们会过度依赖人工智能工具。结果就是，他们会失去在任务中挣扎、从错误中学习的宝贵机会，仅仅变成科研想法与人工智能输出结果之间的中间人。)”可知，作者的核心担忧是：学生会失去在困难任务中挣扎、从错误中学习的宝贵机会。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“This time, an uncomfortable thought came to me: Should I assign these tasks to AI instead of taking a chance on a student? (这一次，一个令人不安的想法涌上心头：我是否该把这些任务交给人工智能，而不是冒险交给学生？)”并结合全文可知，文章围绕人工智能普及的背景下，教授们越来越倾向用人工智能替代学生完成任务，长此以往会让研究生失去在试错中成长的机会，冲击“培养学生是学术生活天然部分”的传统理念，核心是人工智能给研究生培养带来的隐性挑战，C选项“AI brings hidden challenges to graduate training. (人工智能给研究生培训带来了潜在的挑战)”能概括文章核心，适合作为标题。 C More than a billion years ago a hungry cell devoured (吞噬) a tiny blue-green algae (蓝藻). But instead of the former simply digesting the latter, the two organisms struck a remarkable evolutionary deal. Now scientists are trying to engineer that miracle in a laboratory. In a recent experiment reported in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, researchers transplanted that algae’s photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) descendants, plant organelles called chloroplasts (叶绿体), into hamster (仓鼠) cells — where they converted light into energy, staying active for at least two days. Scientists had previously tried transferring plant chloroplasts into fungi cells, but the cells’ cleanup team destroyed foreign organelles within hours. For their attempt, Matsunaga’s group harvested extra-tough chloroplasts from a red algae that thrives (茁壮生长) in acidic volcanic hot springs and housed them in lab-cultured hamster ovary cells. The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge (离心机) and gentle stirring (搅拌). Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes (膜), as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s (培养基) composition so it persuaded the animal cells into swallowing the chloroplasts like amoebas (阿米巴虫) do, Matsunaga says, “mistaking them for nutrients.” The transplanted chloroplasts maintained their structure and showed successful electron (电子) transport, a crucial step in processing light, for two days before breaking down. Previous attempts at transplanting a chloroplast into a foreign cell had worked for just a few hours. “I was impressed that they were able to get that much benefit out of it,” says cell biologist Jef D. Boeke of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Challenges remain: Chloroplasts need a steady supply of proteins from the cell. “Animal cells, however, don’t have the necessary genes to make and transport these proteins, so chloroplasts would break down quickly without them,” says Werner Kühlbrandt, a structural biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt. Like Boeke, he was not involved in the new study. Next, Matsunaga’s team plans to try inserting photosynthesis-maintaining genes into animal cells, aiming to make them more suitable with the transplanted chloroplasts. These types of transplants could someday help scientists engineer living materials, Boeke says, such as photosynthesizing fungi or bacteria that might be used on rooftops to take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or lab organoids that can grow faster using a chloroplast’s extra oxygen. Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.” 45. What do we know about the event over one billion years ago A. Chloroplasts were produced directly by hamster cells. B. Scientists copied the ancient event long before in labs. C. A cell and algae formed an unusual evolutionary partnership. D. A blue-green algae was digested completely by a hungry cell. 46. What was the major limitation of earlier chloroplast-transplant experiments? A. Host cells refused to take in any outside materials. B. Foreign organelles got destroyed within a few hours. C. They used chloroplasts taken from hot-spring algae. D. Centrifugation damaged most of the collected chloroplasts. 47. What does the new method avoid doing? A. Culturing hamster cells in a lab. B. Piercing host cell membranes directly. C. Using centrifuge to isolate chloroplasts. D. Harvesting chloroplasts from hot springs. 48. According to Werner Kühlbrandt, what stops chloroplasts from working long inside animal cells? A. Animal cells fail to provide required proteins. B. Light energy cannot pass through animal cell membranes. C. Animal cells produce chemicals poisoning chloroplasts. D. The electron transport process cannot be completed. 49. How does Matsunaga’s comment in the last paragraph sound? A. Humorous but objective. B. Truthful and knowledgeable. C. Ironic but attractive. D. Enthusiastic and hopeful. 50. What does the passage mainly focus on? A. Reasons why animal cells refuse foreign organelles. B. The long history of ancient algae evolution on Earth. C. Major breakthroughs in human solar-power technology. D. An experiment putting algae chloroplasts into animal cells. 【答案】45. C 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍将藻类叶绿体移植到动物细胞中的实验、突破、现存难题与未来设想。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More than a billion years ago a hungry cell devoured (吞噬) a tiny blue-green algae (蓝藻). But instead of the former simply digesting the latter, the two organisms struck a remarkable evolutionary deal.(十亿多年前，一个饥饿的细胞吞噬了微小的蓝藻。但前者并没有简单消化后者，两种生物达成了奇妙的进化契约。)” 可知，细胞和藻类形成了不寻常的进化伙伴关系。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists had previously tried transferring plant chloroplasts into fungi cells, but the cells’ cleanup team destroyed foreign organelles within hours.(科学家先前尝试将植物叶绿体转入真菌细胞，但细胞的清理系统会在数小时内破坏外来细胞器。)” 可知早期移植实验的主要局限是外来细胞器几小时内就会被破坏。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes (膜), as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture medium’s (培养基) composition so it persuaded the animal cells into swallowing the chloroplasts like amoebas (阿米巴虫) do(研究人员没有像早期研究那样刺破宿主细胞膜，而是调整培养基成分，诱导动物细胞像阿米巴虫一样吞入叶绿体)” 可知新方法避免直接刺破宿主细胞膜。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Chloroplasts need a steady supply of proteins from the cell. “Animal cells, however, don’t have the necessary genes to make and transport these proteins, so chloroplasts would break down quickly without them,” says Werner Kühlbrandt.(叶绿体需要细胞持续供给蛋白质。Werner Kühlbrandt说：“然而动物细胞没有制造和运输这些蛋白质的必需基因，缺少蛋白质叶绿体就会快速分解。”)” 可知，动物细胞无法提供所需蛋白质，限制叶绿体在动物细胞中长期工作。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“These types of transplants could someday help scientists engineer living materials, Boeke says, such as photosynthesizing fungi or bacteria that might be used on rooftops to take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or lab organoids that can grow faster using a chloroplast’s extra oxygen. Solar-powered humans, of course, remain pure fantasy, Matsunaga says: “They would need a tennis court’s worth of surface area covered with chloroplasts.”(Boeke称这类移植未来有希望帮助科学家研发活体材料，例如可进行光合作用的真菌或细菌，放置在屋顶吸收大气中的二氧化碳，或是借助叶绿体额外氧气更快生长的实验室类器官。Matsunaga表示，靠太阳能供能的人类当然纯粹是幻想：“人类需要网球场大小的面积铺满叶绿体。”)”可知，Matsunaga的评论幽默但客观。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第二段中“In a recent experiment reported in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, researchers transplanted that algae’s photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) descendants, plant organelles called chloroplasts (叶绿体), into hamster (仓鼠) cells — where they converted light into energy, staying active for at least two days.(《日本科学院院报》报道的一项最新实验中，研究人员把藻类可进行光合作用的后代——一种叫叶绿体的细胞器移植进仓鼠细胞，叶绿体可以将光能转化为能量，至少维持两天活性。)”可知，全文围绕这项把藻类叶绿体植入动物细胞的实验展开，介绍实验方法、进步、难题和应用前景。 D It has come to my attention that some of you are dating AI chatbots. One AI user even praised, “It will be better than a real girlfriend. One day, the real one will be the worse choice.” Sadly, that will never be the case. The problem with AI companions isn’t their technological shortcomings; it’s a fundamental misread of why we have relationships to begin with. The point of intimacy (亲密关系) is not just to see how much praise you can get from someone. What makes relationships satisfying is giving to someone else. You cannot give anything to an AI companion that will substantially improve its life, because it is not alive. So, you cannot bring them soup when they are sick. You can’t pick out a birthday present for them that will make them happy. There are certainly people who might feel that getting unconditional love with no effort sounds like a plus, but your brain is built to connect with other people; it gets happiness from making others happy. Giving to others boosts happy hormones (荷尔蒙). Giving makes you feel better, in some cases, than when you receive. In one study, participants were given money to spend either on themselves or to donate to others. The people who gave the money away reported higher levels of happiness than those who kept it, and also had greater “pleasure” areas of their brain light up in an MRI. You can love them perfectly and not be loved in return. It is heartbreaking. But it doesn’t mean that your love was for nothing. Loving others makes us better people — more patient, thoughtful and sympathetic. Those skills remain even if the relationship ends. Sometimes it even takes a few rounds of “It’s not you, it’s me” and the accompanying ugly-crying sessions to learn what’s expected of you and what you should expect in others. It’s why you’re probably a better person now than you were when you were a teenager. Give your energy, your kindness, your empathy to someone else who has the potential to respond to you. Which is to say, another human. 51. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To predict the future development of AI. B. To show the technical power of AI chatbots. C. To present a popular view about AI romance. D. To describe the advantages of real relationships. 52. What is the root problem of AI companions according to the author? A. They ignore the intimate relationship with people. B. They cannot feel the care from human beings. C. They lack advanced skills to improve their lives. D. They are unable to satisfy people’s demand for praise. 53. Why is the study mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To prove receiving love brings more joy. B. To show MRI can observe brain activities. C. To advise readers to donate money regularly. D. To support the idea that giving creates happiness. 54. What can we infer about one-sided love from the text? A. It is bound to bring about painful break-ups. B. It contributes to people developing good qualities. C. It is heartbreaking to find the love was for nothing. D. It changes people’s expectation of themselves and others. 55. What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. It is wise for us to turn ourselves into another human. B. Empathy helps build close connections with AI companions. C. AI chatbots have the potential to respond to human feelings. D. People are advised to pour their feelings into real humans. 【答案】51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】文章论述了作者反对和人工智能机器人建立恋爱关系，论证亲密关系的核心是付出，呼吁人们将情感投入真实的人际交往。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It has come to my attention that some of you are dating AI chatbots. One AI user even praised, ‘It will be better than a real girlfriend. One day, the real one will be the worse choice.’ Sadly, that will never be the case. (我注意到，你们当中有些人正在和人工智能聊天机器人交往。有一位人工智能用户甚至称赞道：‘它会比真实的女朋友更好。终有一天，现实中的恋人会成为更差的选择。’遗憾的是，事实绝不会如此。)”可知，第一段引出现象：有人和人工智能聊天机器人恋爱，还夸赞人工智能比真实恋人更好，目的是引出当下关于人工智能恋爱的流行看法，为后文展开论述做铺垫。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The problem with AI companions isn’t their technological shortcomings; it’s a fundamental misread of why we have relationships to begin with. The point of intimacy is not just to see how much praise you can get from someone. What makes relationships satisfying is giving to someone else. You cannot give anything to an AI companion that will substantially improve its life, because it is not alive. (人工智能伴侣存在的问题，不在于技术缺陷；根本问题在于，人们从一开始就误解了我们建立亲密关系的初衷。亲密关系的意义，不只是看你能从别人那里得到多少赞美。一段关系之所以令人满足，在于为他人付出。你无法给予人工智能伴侣任何能真正改善它生活的东西，因为它没有生命。)”可知，作者指出和人工智能做伴侣的核心问题是：你无法为人工智能的生活带来任何实质改善，因为人工智能本身没有生命，也就是说人类对人工智能付出的关心，人工智能根本无法感知。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“There are certainly people who might feel that getting unconditional love with no effort sounds like a plus, but your brain is built to connect with other people; it gets happiness from making others happy. Giving to others boosts happy hormones. Giving makes you feel better, in some cases, than when you receive. (当然，有些人会觉得不用付出就能得到无条件的爱听起来很不错，但人类大脑生来就是用来和其他人建立联结的；我们从让别人幸福这件事中收获快乐。为他人付出会促进快乐荷尔蒙的分泌。有些时候，付出带给你的美好感受甚至胜过收获。)”及第四段“In one study, participants were given money to spend either on themselves or to donate to others. The people who gave the money away reported higher levels of happiness than those who kept it, and also had greater ‘pleasure’ areas of their brain light up in an MRI. (在一项研究中，参与者拿到一笔钱，可以花在自己身上，或者捐给别人。把钱捐出去的受试者幸福感更高，核磁共振扫描显示他们大脑的愉悦区域活跃度更强。)”可知，第三段提出观点：付出会催生快乐；第四段用实验作为论据，捐钱付出的人幸福感更高，佐证付出带来幸福感的观点。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“You can love them perfectly and not be loved in return. It is heartbreaking. But it doesn’t mean that your love was for nothing. Loving others makes us better people — more patient, thoughtful and sympathetic. (你可以全心全意去爱，却得不到回应。这令人心碎。但这不代表你的爱毫无意义。爱别人会让我们成为更好的人——变得更有耐心、体贴、富有同情心。)”可知，单向的爱虽然令人难过，但能塑造人们耐心、体贴、共情等美好品质。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Give your energy, your kindness, your empathy to someone else who has the potential to respond to you. Which is to say, another human. (把你的精力、善意与共情，交付给能够回应你的人。也就是，另一个活生生的人。)”可知，最后一段作者建议人们把情感投入到真实的人身上。 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 The Norwegian islands of Svalbard, lying roughly half-way between Norway’s northern coast and the North Pole, is the site of the world’s northernmost permanent settlements. Blomdahl, who lives in Svalbard’s largest city of Longyearbyen, is one of about 2,500 residents in the region. Many people who look for extreme conditions may be motivated by desires to challenge the limits of their physical and psychological abilities, escape personal problems or everyday boredom, or simply to seek the thrill. For Blomdahl, a glimpse of Svalbard’s unparalleled scenery was all she needed to give up her corporate ambitions in England and choose to live what she describes as a “nature-connected life marked by a slower pace”. “When you live here, you really get immersed in it, the quiet and peaceful nature,” Blomdahl said. “And every day being so close to nature is fascinating.” But life in Svalbard isn’t easy. In Svalbard, polar night runs from mid-November to the end of January, when the sun doesn’t rise. Midnight sun, which lasts between April and August, is when the sun doesn’t set. These periods of constant light and day-long dark can disrupt sleep-wake cycles and affect blood protein levels, and lead to increased risks of chronic disease. Despite taking supplements (补充剂), Blomdahl says she noticed a drop in her vitamin D levels, which support immune health and brain cell activity. Nonetheless, Blomdahl emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive outlook and staying active during what otherwise could be a lethargic season. “Your mindset is so powerful. I see these dark days as something cozy,” Blomdahl said. Blomdahl’s positive mindset and love for Svalbard keep her away from focusing too much on uncertainty or concern. Instead, she says she’s solely focused on creating educational and peaceful content about her distinctive life in a distinctive place. “That’s just what I want to do,” said Blomdahl. “I want to show the beauty of the Arctic.” 56. Why did Blomdahl give up her work ambition in England? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What problems may be caused by polar night and midnight sun in Svalbard? (No more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined word “lethargic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? (1 word) __________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What is Blomdahl devoted to doing at present? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 60. How can you gain benefits from tough situations? Please explain with an example. (No more than 25 words) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Because of Svalbard’s unparalleled scenery.##Because of Svalbard’s unique scenery. 57. Sleep‑cycle disorder, affected blood protein levels and higher risks of chronic disease. 58. Tired.##Sleepy. 59. Creating content to show Arctic beauty. 60. We can build strong will. For example, I keep practicing speaking English despite failures. 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述布洛姆达尔被斯瓦尔巴群岛的美景吸引，放弃英国职场抱负定居此地，介绍当地特殊气候带来的健康难题以及她积极乐观的生活态度。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“For Blomdahl, a glimpse of Svalbard’s unparalleled scenery was all she needed to give up her corporate ambitions in England and choose to live what she describes as a ‘nature-connected life marked by a slower pace’. (而对于布洛姆达尔而言，只是一瞥斯瓦尔巴无与伦比的风光，就足以让她放弃在英国的职场抱负，选择过上她口中这种‘与自然相连、节奏更舒缓的生活’。)”可知，布洛姆达尔是由于斯瓦尔巴独一无二的风景才放弃英国的职场追求。 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“These periods of constant light and day-long dark can disrupt sleep-wake cycles and affect blood protein levels, and lead to increased risks of chronic disease. (这种持续光照与整日黑夜会扰乱睡醒周期、影响血液蛋白水平，还会提升患上慢性病的风险。)”可知，极昼极夜会造成睡眠周期紊乱、影响血液蛋白水平、提升慢性病患病风险。 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。由文章第四段“Nonetheless, Blomdahl emphasizes the importance of maintaining a positive outlook and staying active during what otherwise could be a lethargic season. ‘Your mindset is so powerful. I see these dark days as something cozy,’ Blomdahl said. (尽管如此，布洛姆达尔强调，在一个本会lethargic的季节，保持乐观心态、坚持活动十分重要。‘心态的力量很强大。我把这些黑暗的日子看作一种温馨的时光。’布洛姆达尔说道。)”可知，前后文建议保持积极心态、多活动，由此可推测，这种季节容易使人疲惫困倦，lethargic意为“疲惫的、困倦的”。 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“Instead, she says she’s solely focused on creating educational and peaceful content about her distinctive life in a distinctive place. ‘That’s just what I want to do,’ said Blomdahl. ‘I want to show the beauty of the Arctic.’ (相反，她说她专注创作富有教育意义、平和的内容，分享她在这片独特之地的独特生活。‘这就是我想做的事，’布洛姆达尔说，‘我想展示北极的美。’)”可知，她现在专注创作内容展示北极之美。 【60题详解】 开放性题目。此题要求回答：你如何从艰难的处境中获益？请举例说明。（不超过25字）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我们能够磨炼坚强的意志。例如，尽管屡屡失败，我依然坚持练习英语口语。 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假如你是晨光中学的李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办为期一个月的“挑战自我、提升自我”活动，请你作为学生代表以“Let’s Strive to Be Better Ourselves”为题写一篇发言稿，就提高自我的方法给出一些建议，内容包括： 1．提升自我的重要性； 2．如何提升自我(设定目标、培养习惯、正视不足)； 3．表达期望。 注意： 1．不少于100词； 2．文章开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Dear friends, Good morning! I’m Li Hua. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】例文 Let’s Strive to Be Better Ourselves Dear friends, Good morning! I’m Li Hua. Our English club will hold a one-month activity themed “Challenge and Improve Ourselves”. Self-improvement is of great importance to us teenagers, as it builds our personalities and prepares us for future challenges. Here are some ways to make progress. First, we should set practical and clear goals to keep us motivated. Besides, developing good habits matters, for small continuous efforts can bring great results. Most importantly, we must face our weaknesses bravely instead of avoiding them. Recognizing our shortcomings helps us make steady progress. In my opinion, growth comes from constant self-challenge. I hope all of us will take an active part. Let’s commit to self-improvement and become better. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以“Let’s Strive to Be Better Ourselves”为题写一篇发言稿，就提高自我的方法给出一些建议， 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold → host 培养：develop → foster 重要的：be of great importance → be of great significance 弱点：weakness → drawback 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Most importantly, we must face our weaknesses bravely instead of avoiding them. Recognizing our shortcomings helps us make steady progress. 拓展句：Most importantly, we must face our weaknesses bravely instead of avoiding them because recognizing our shortcomings helps us make steady progress. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Our English club will hold a one-month activity themed “Challenge and Improve Ourselves”. (运用了过去分词作后置定语) 【高分句型2】I hope all of us will take an active part. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $