Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语 外研版选择性必修第一册 （试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1.This was the second time that the twins             (prepare) a breakfast for their mother, but they were still excited and nervous. 2.The twins, who            (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the yard. 3.During the halftime break of their quarter-final game, they realized they            (underestimate) their opponentˈs determination and will to win. 4.The computer            (generate) a detailed report on the sales performance of the company over the last quarter. 5.By about 6,000 BCE, people             (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 6.Silk            (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BCE. 7.To avoid physical            (injure) while running, you should choose a pair of professional sports shoes. 8.Scientists are working hard to develop more advanced             (detect) methods. 9.I suggest that you should keep a proper            (distant) from the screen to protect your eyesight. 10.Darwin studied a            (various) of finches and suspected that they had evolved from a common ancestor. 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11.Healthy plants usually have strong           （根）that can absorb enough water and nutrients from the soil. 12.In the history museum, we saw many            （原始的）weapons which were used for hunting thousands of years ago. 13.The two famous museums are            （连接）by a beautiful underground passage for the convenience of visitors. 14.A key            （特征）of a healthy diet is a proper balance between vegetables, fruits and meat. 15.The doctor suggested that the desk should be at least 70            （厘米）high for comfortable writing. 16.If you want to grow organic vegetables, you must choose the best            （种子）and water them regularly. 17.To honor our            （祖先）, we should respect the traditional customs that have been passed down for centuries. 18.To a            （地质学家）, glaciers are among the most exciting features（地貌）on Earth. 19.The Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship was launched on 16 October 2021, which was an impressive achievement that once again attracted attention            （遍及全世界）. 20.The original ancestor of the Galápagos            （巨大的）tortoises was probably of normal size and evolved into the present-day tortoises after its arrival on the Galápagos Islands. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A South America has a long and interesting coastline. When it comes to beaches, there are some excellent options to be found across the continent. Sancho Beach This beach is an amazing stretch of sand with peaceful waters. The clear waters are perfect for swimming but it is difficult to access. It can only be reached by boat or by climbing down the rocky hillsides on each end, so it isnˈt particularly good for younger children or people who are physically challenged. Vichayito Beach Just a short distance from the waterfront town of Mancora, this lovely beach is often quiet and peaceful, offering some nice shallow water to swim in for little ones. A little further out, the waves pick up, making for fine surfing and windsurfing surroundings, while the charming village offers nice accommodation. Copacabana Beach The cold water here means it isnˈt an ideal swimming location, but there are good spots for surfing and windsurfing. Various water activities make it a great beach. Visit early, especially in the busy tourist season, not only to avoid crowds, but also to gain admittance—visitors will be turned away once the park reaches peak capacity. Jericoacoara Beach Located near the city centre, this beach is very popular among surfers thanks to its great waves. It isnˈt too rough to swim for experienced swimmers, although a slightly rocky seafloor means you should be careful. With large crowds of people, the best time to visit is sunset—arrive early to get a good viewing spot. 21.What may make Sancho Beach difficult to reach? A. The great waves. B. Its unique location. C. Lack of boat services. D. Large crowds of tourists. 22.Which beach is the most ideal place for young children to swim? A. Sancho Beach. B. Vichayito Beach. C. Copacabana Beach. D. Jericoacoara Beach. 23.What do Copacabana Beach and Jericoacoara Beach have in common? A. They both appeal to those loving water sports. B. Tourists may be rejected due to their limited capacity. C. Tourists should arrive early to get a good viewing spot. D. They provide perfect swimming options for professionals. B Sophia Zhang, a 14-year-old aspiring engineer from Utah, is dedicated to addressing the environmental crisis affecting the Great Salt Lake, which has been shrinking due to excessive water use and climate change. Inspired by a school project, Sophia conducted in-depth research by interviewing scientists and government officials and presented her findings on water conservation to the United Nations. Sophiaˈs scientific inquiry led her to experiment with hydrogels（水凝胶）—substances capable of absorbing and retaining water—which could be used in agriculture to reduce water consumption and lessen the strain on the lakeˈs water supply. While in eighth grade at Rowland Hall Middle School in Salt Lake City, she developed her own eco-friendly hydrogels using starch and other biodegradable materials. Her innovative approach earned her second place in the Technology category at the 2024 Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge, organized by Society for Science. Sophia credits her success to the guidance of her mentors—local high school science teachers who dedicated their time to teaching her organic chemistry, providing resources, and lending her laboratory equipment. “They spent countless lunch hours mentoring me,” she recalls. Sophia emphasizes that finding good mentors can start with something as simple as sending an email to knowledgeable people in the community. One key lesson Sophia learned is that scientific experiments rarely go exactly as planned. Through trial and error, discussions with mentors, and extensive reading, she realized that setbacks are an integral part of the scientific process. For aspiring scientists, Sophia offers advice: observe curiously, think carefully, and act courageously. She encourages a proactive approach to problem-solving, starting with community issues, studying existing solutions, and bravely exploring new paths. Sophiaˈs experience, marked by overcoming research obstacles, highlights the rewarding nature of scientific exploration. And her story demonstrates that while research can be challenging, the pursuit of solutions is immensely fulfilling. 24.What is the primary goal of Sophiaˈs project? （） A. Exploring the effects of climate change. B. Investigating the impact of water pollution. C. Promoting eco-friendly engineering projects. D. Enhancing water conservation through hydrogels. 25.How did Sophia connect with her mentors? （） A. By reaching out via email. B. By joining after-school programs. C. By following them on social media. D. By attending scientific conferences. 26.What crucial message does Sophia intend to convey to ambitious scientists? （） A. Success in science requires curiosity and bravery. B. Scientific exploration is only for the naturally gifted. C. Water conservation efforts require advanced technology. D. Scientific discoveries always follow a straightforward path. 27.Which proverb best reflects Sophiaˈs journey? （） A. Knowledge is power. B. Great minds think alike. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Necessity is the mother of invention. C The book, Art Forms in Nature, published in 1904, is the most famous work of the German biologist Ernst Haeckel. Including more than 450 hand-drawn pictures by him, the book is also known as the encyclopedia (百科全书) of nature. The pictures in the book have been at the crossing of art, biology, and maths for over a century. Born in Potsdam, Germany, Ernst Haeckel studied medicine in Berlin, Wurzburg and Vienna, and received a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Berlin. He was also a professor of Zoology at Jena University. He was one of the first to draw animals. When Haeckel was a young medical student at the University of Berlin, Professor Johannes Muller took him to see small sea animals off the coast of Helgoland in the North Sea. At that time, Haeckel became intrigued by animals. Haeckelˈs biological research is wide. He studied everything from the highest mountain to the deepest ocean. Haeckelˈs discoveries described and named thousands of new species. He used a paintbrush to draw these new species in fine detail. People learned about many animals that had never been seen before, and the most interesting one is the microorganism (微生物) described by Haeckel. These creatures that we canˈt see in daily life look like monsters that crawl out of science fiction. Through his book, Haeckel shows the diversity of the Earthˈs ecosystems. It is worth mentioning that Haeckel and the famous biologist Darwin were very good friends. Haeckel would often send Darwin drawings of creatures he had drawn by hand for Darwin to study. Darwin once said, "Haeckelˈs paintings are the most attractive that I have ever seen, and I am proud to have his gifts." 28.Why isArt Forms in Nature mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To explain the importance of biology. B. To introduce the author of the book. C. To present the art skills in 1904. D. To show the features of animals. 29.What does the underlined word "intrigued" probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Worried. B. Tired. C. Interested. D. Agreed. 30.What do we know about Ernst Haeckel from paragraph 3? A. He found new species through his research. B. He drew what he dreamed about in his spare time. C. He made many experiments with his friends. D. He discovered some animals that people had seen before. 31.What did Darwin think of his friendˈs gifts? A. Strange. B. Normal. C. Annoying. D. Impressive. D In oceans across the globe, a tiny jellyfish（水母）species shows a remarkable death-defying ability. After reaching sexual maturity, this jellyfish can turn back into its young form and then mature again—a process similar to a butterfly turning back into a caterpillar and then changing into a butterfly again. The deep-sea creatureˈs life cycle could theoretically be repeated forever, earning this species, called Turritopsis dohrnii（灯塔水母）, the nickname: the “immortal jellyfish”. Like a typical jellyfish, T. dohrnii begins its life as a free-floating larva（幼体）and matures into a branching, plant-like polyp（水螅体）. From there, multiple young jellyfish grow out of the polyp and turn into adults. However, the difference is that when an adult T. dohrnii is damaged or stressed, instead of dying, it absorbs its own arms and becomes a blob that settles to the sea floor. Over the next day and a half, this blob transforms into a new polyp, which can then form more jellyfish. Therefore, though T. dohrnii may be eaten by predators, it does not die of old age. A new study compared T. dohrnii to T. rubra, a related jellyfish species that undergoes normal aging. Compared to its relative, researchers found that T. dohrnii has twice as many genes that repair and protect DNA. This allows T. dohrnii to generate more restorative proteins. Researchers also found differences in several other genes, including those associated with replication and the stem cell population. These differences may be key to the jellyfishˈs immortality. Researchers say these findings could help humans—but not in the exact same way. They believe their study could help find better answers to the many diseases associated with aging. They also hope a better understanding of these jellyfish genes might inspire regenerative medicine for humans. 32.Why does the author mention a butterfly in the first paragraph? （） A. To explain the aging process of T. dohrnii. B. To emphasize the small size of T. dohrnii. C. To present the living habits of T. dohrnii. D. To show the special life cycle of T. dohrnii. 33.How does T. dohrnii differ from other jellyfish species? （） A. It can avoid dying of old age. B. It goes through a polyp stage. C. It can transform to defend itself. D. It has very few natural enemies. 34.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? （） A. The specific findings of the new study. B. The social significance of the research. C. The detailed procedures of the research. D. The possible limitations of the new study. 35.What can be a suitable title for the text? （） A. Predators of the Deep: How the “Immortal Jellyfish” Survives through Various Conditions B. Unlocking Immortality: The Genetic Secrets of the Jellyfish That Reverses Aging C. From Polyp to Jellyfish: The Unique Lifecycle of a Deep-Sea Jellyfish D. Human Immortality on the Horizon? Lessons from a Jellyfish 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Thereˈs a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite.    (36)    But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things.    (37)    This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature. Also, thereˈs not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, researchers at Turkeyˈs Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner. A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.    (38)    Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (进行光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we donˈt live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out.    (39)    Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.    (40)    If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A．Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B．So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C．Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D．Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E．This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F．Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G．So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。  During my childhood, my family lived with my grandma in the charming old house. The    (41)    was encircled by a vegetable garden and an abundance of fruit trees and flowers decorating the area. It was a place of remarkable     (42)   , particularly in spring and summer. Grandma had dozens of     (43)     plants. She would put them outdoors, water them and talk with them. In winter, she would carry the plants in the pots inside to      (44)     cold. The plants were alive and even grew with warmth. In spring, they     (45)     became taller, but they didnˈt flower. Soon they were so dense that they formed a natural barrier. I was     (46)    by the effort that my grandma had     (47)      in those plants. Planting the fruit trees and flowers around the house was      (48)     —they were useful and smelt good. But I didnˈt know why she grew so many non-flowering plants. To my young mind, it remained a      (49)    . One day, I asked my grandma, "Why are you     (50)     these plants so patiently? They donˈt give us food or flowers." She smiled and said, "They remind me that even in the darkest months, thereˈs always something to      (51)    . They bring me hope as you do. So I look after them and treat them like the apple of my eye." That made     (52)   . Then I understood. Today, I have a different      (53)     of Grandmaˈs potted plants. Her devotion to the plants is a(n)     (54)     of her love for her family. She shows me that beauty and strength can be found in the     (55)    time. Her love continues to encourage me all the time especially in adversity. 41.A. society B. property C. village D. apartment 42.A. beauty B. security C. complexity D. luxury 43.A. ugly B. weak C. painted D. potted 44.A. measure B. avoid C. feel D. keep 45.A. unwillingly B. hardly C. definitely D. initially 46.A. confused B. frightened C. moved D. pleased 47.A. ignored B. skipped C. admitted D. invested 48.A. unnoticed B. understandable C. affordable D. alternative 49.A. mystery B. joy C. pity D. concept 50.A. figuring out B. turning to C. caring for D. picking up 51.A. ask B. decorate C. submit D. treasure 52.A. sense B. peace C. noise D. trouble 53.A. style B. problem C. view D. habit 54.A. honor B. reflection C. kind D. result 55.A. nicest B. shortest C. quietest D. hardest 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have detected a new plant species of Oreocharis (马铃苣苔属) in southwest Chinaˈs Yunnan Province, according to Chengdu Institute of Biology (CIB) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The findings, made by researchers from CIB, Guangxi Institute of Botany and CAS,   (56)    (publish) recently in the journal Ecology and Evolution. During a field   (57)   (investigate) into an oak community, the researchers found an unidentified species of Oreocharis in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province. By comparing the plant with several   (58)    (know) Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species   (59)    has many unique characteristics. The new species was named Oreocharis oriolus (黄鹂马铃苣苔) and was named   (60)    the lively bird oriole, as its bright yellow flowers resemble the   (61)    (bird) feather color. Researchers found that the new species has a narrow distribution,   (62)    (grow) in limestone (石灰岩) cracks in an area of two square   (63)    (kilometer). This new species is currently listed as   (64)    (critical) Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. According to the researchers,   (65)    discovery of the plant species has further enriched diversity of Oreocharis in China, and has positive significance for the biogeography of the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66. 6月5日是世界环境日。假定你作为中国高中生代表，被美国联谊学校邀请，在纪念世界环境日活动上做主题发言，内容包括： (1)参会感受； (2)关注生态； (3)呼吁行动。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 。 67.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。词数150左右，续写部分分为两段，每段开头已为你写好。     Once there was a woman named Vivian who was the only child of her father. Her father was a big and successful businessman who owned seven star restaurants. He did everything only for his daughter.     Vivian was sent to the best university abroad. Although she had everything, the only thing she never owned was respect of other people.     When Vivian came back after her graduation and her father asked her to join his company as an accountant (会计), she was naturally not happy with that. She wanted to work in a higher post but her father wanted her to start as an ordinary girl.     "Dad, I studied in the most exceptional university abroad and got a better education than any of the employees(雇员) who work under you. Still, you want me to work under them?" said Vivian unhappily.     Vivian's father looked at her with a smile on his face. Vivian was annoyed by her father's reaction but she agreed to work as an accountant in the end.     After some months, there was an emergency situation in the company. One of the restaurants was short of employees because of a sudden resignation(辞职), so they were short on people to do other chores around the place and cook food fast. Vivian's father asked her to help that restaurant with him and the other employees.     When she entered the restaurant, she was hit by the air of tension around the employees. Everybody was busy doing something or other and there was a mess around the restaurant. When she went in the back of the kitchen, she saw a tower of unwashed dishes.     Her father neared her in a hurry and asked her, "Vivian, thank goodness, you are here. Darling, will you please help us and do the dishes?" He patted(轻拍) her on her shoulder and left her to do the dishes.     She looked at the dirty plates and spoons that were piled up before her. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在相应位置作答。     "I didn't study my whole life and come first in everything to do this!" Vivian thought. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     Vivian's father picked up the gloves, put them on and started doing the dishes himself. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Revealing Nature 单元练习卷 -2026-2027学年高中英语 外研版选择性必修第一册答案及解析 （试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1. had prepared 2. had finished 3. had underestimated 4. has generated 5. had discovered 6. had become 7. injuries 8. detection 9. distance 10. variety 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11. roots 12. primitive 13. linked 14. characteristic 15. centimeters 16. seeds 17. ancestors 18. geologist 19. worldwide 20. giant 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. B 第二节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36. E 37. C 38. G 39. F 40. B 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 56. have been published/were published 57.investigation 58.known 59.that/which 60.after 61.bird’s 62.growing 63.kilometers 64.Critically 65.the 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66.Dear friends, It is a tremendous honor for me to attend this event as a representative of Chinese high school students.Gathering here to mark World Environment Day,I feel deeply inspired sharing ideas on environmental protection with you all. What strikes me most is that our precious ecosystem is facing severe challenges.Polluted rivers,shrinking forests and lost biodiversity are warning us that Mother Nature is suffering.If we keep turning a blind eye to these problems,irreversible damage will be done to the home we rely on for survival.It is high time we attached great significance to ecological conservation. Let’s take immediate action from now on.Every small effort counts.Only through joint endeavors can we build a greener and more sustainable world for generations to come. Thank you! 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 。 67.     "I didn't study my whole life and come first in everything to do this!" Vivian thought. And then she left the kitchen. But after a while she heard her father saying, "Vivian, sweetheart, you didn't do the dishes? Go on,do it." But Vivian ignored him.Her father looked at her in confusion but then he realized why his daughter was behaving like this. Obviously he was aware of his daughter's thinking. So, he started making his way towards the back of the kitchen.      Vivian's father picked up the gloves, put them on and started doing the dishes himself. "Dad, what are you doing? You are not an ordinary employee!" said Vivian. "Darling, I have always been an ordinary man. I worked hard for you just as these employees' parents must have done.We all are the same even if I am the owner," her father replied. She watched her father continue doing the dishes with regret and took the gloves off his hands. "What are you doing, Vivian?" her father asked. "You are not seriously thinking that I am going to let you do these without offering my help?" Vivian replied and then they both laughed. 【详细解析】 第一部分 单词练习（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 单句语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 1. 答案：had prepared 句意：这是双胞胎第二次为妈妈准备早餐，但他们仍然既兴奋又紧张。 解析：固定句型This was the first/second time that从句，从句要使用过去完成时。 2. 答案：had finished 句意：这对双胞胎做完作业后，被允许到院子里打羽毛球。 解析：finish动作发生在were allowed之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。 3. 答案：had underestimated 句意：在四分之一决赛的中场休息时，他们意识到低估了对手求胜的决心和意志。 解析：underestimate发生在realized之前，属于过去的过去，使用过去完成时。 4. 答案：has generated 句意：这台电脑已经生成了一份公司上个季度销售业绩的详细报告。 解析：时间标志over the last quarter，表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。 5. 答案：had discovered 句意：大约到公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。 解析：by后接过去时间点，表示到过去某一时间为止，主句用过去完成时。 6. 答案：had become 句意：大约到公元前100年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。 解析：by后接过去的时间by about 100 BCE，截止到过去某个时间，用过去完成时。 7. 答案：injuries 句意：为了避免跑步时身体受伤，你应该选择一双专业的运动鞋。 解析：physical是形容词，后面接名词，injury表示伤痛，此处用复数injuries。 8. 答案：detection 句意：科学家正在努力研发更加先进的探测方法。 解析：advanced是形容词，后面修饰名词，detect动词变为名词detection。 9. 答案：distance 句意：我建议你和屏幕保持合适的距离来保护视力。 解析：形容词proper后面接名词，distant形容词变为名词distance。keep a distance from是固定搭配。 10. 答案：variety 句意：达尔文研究了各种各样的地雀，猜想它们是由同一个祖先进化而来。 解析：固定搭配a variety of，表示各种各样的，various形容词变为名词variety。 第二节 单词拼写（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 11. 答案：roots 句意：健康的植物一般都有着强壮的根，可以从土壤中吸收充足的水分和养分。 解析：根root，植物一般有多条根，使用复数roots。 12. 答案：primitive 句意：在历史博物馆里，我们看见了很多数千年前用来狩猎的原始武器。 解析：原始的primitive，形容词修饰名词weapons。 13. 答案：linked 句意：为方便游客，这两座著名博物馆由一条漂亮的地下通道连接起来。 解析：连接link，本句是被动语态，be linked by表示由……相连。 14. 答案：characteristic 句意：健康饮食的一个主要特征就是蔬菜、水果和肉类之间的适当平衡。 解析：特征characteristic，a key后面接单数名词。 15. 答案：centimeters 句意：医生说这张书桌至少要有70厘米高，书写才舒适。 解析：厘米centimeter，前面是70，要用复数centimeters。 16. 答案：seeds 句意：如果你想要种植有机蔬菜，你必须挑选最好的种子并且定期浇水。 解析：种子seed，这里用复数seeds。 17. 答案：ancestors 句意：为致敬我们的祖先，我们应当尊重代代传承下来的传统习俗。 解析：祖先ancestor，our后面常用复数ancestors。 18. 答案：geologist 句意：对于一名地质学家来说，冰川是地球上最令人惊叹的地貌之一。 解析：地质学家geologist，前面有a，用单数。 19. 答案：worldwide 句意：神舟十三号载人飞船于2021年10月16日发射，这项令人瞩目的成就再一次吸引了全世界的目光。 解析：遍及全世界worldwide，副词作状语。 20. 答案：giant 句意：加拉帕戈斯巨龟最初的祖先体型可能正常，抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛之后才进化成如今这种庞大的陆龟。 解析：巨大的giant，形容词修饰名词tortoises。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） A 21~23. 【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南美洲大陆的一些海滩。 21.推理判断题。根据Sancho Beach部分中的“but it is difficult to access…the rocky hillsides on each end”可知，桑乔海滩只能乘船或从两端的岩石山坡上爬下来才能进入；由此可推知，其位置独特而难以进入。 22. 细节理解题。根据Vichayito Beach部分中的“Just a short distance…swim in for little ones.”可知，维查伊托海滩最适合年幼的孩子游泳。 23. 推理判断题。根据Copacabana Beach部分中的“but there are good spots…water activities make it a great beach”和Jericoacoara Beach部分中的“Located near the city centre… thanks to its great waves.”可知，两者都有水上运动；由此可推知，它们都对喜欢水上运动的人很有吸引力。 B 24~27. 【语篇解读】  本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁女孩Sophia Zhang致力于环保科研的故事。 24.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sophiaˈs scientific inquiry led her ... on the lakeˈs water supply.”可知，Sophia的项目的主要目标是通过水凝胶来加强水资源保护。故选D。 25.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sophia emphasizes that finding good mentors can start with something as simple as sending an email to knowledgeable people in the community.”可知，Sophia通过发邮件与她的导师取得联系。故选A。 26.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For aspiring scientists, Sophia offers advice: observe curiously, think carefully, and act courageously.”可知，Sophia想向有抱负的科学家传达的信息是科学上的成功需要好奇心和勇气。故选A。 27.推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中“Sophiaˈs scientific inquiry... on the lakeˈs water supply.”可知，Sophia因为大盐湖面临的环境危机而致力于通过水凝胶来加强水资源保护。由此推知，她的经历体现了“需要是发明之母。”这句谚语。故选D。 C 28~31. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国生物学家恩斯特·海克尔及其所绘制的一本书——《自然界的艺术形态》。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The book, Art Forms in Nature…Ernst Haeckel.”可知，第一段介绍了出版于1904年的《自然的艺术形态》这本书，是为了引出书的作者——德国生物学家恩斯特·海克尔。 29.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，当恩斯特·海克尔是学生的时候，约翰内斯·穆勒教授带他去观察北海黑戈尔兰海岸附近的小型海洋生物；根据第三段前两句可知，他的研究很广泛，包括从高山到深海的所有东西，由此可推知，他对动物变得感兴趣。 30. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Haeckelˈs biological research is wide…thousands of new species.”可知，海克尔通过研究发现了新物种。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Darwin one said, ˈHaeckelˈs paintings are the most attractive that I have ever seen, and I am proud to have his gifts.ˈ”可知，达尔文被海克尔的画所打动，并感到很自豪。 D 32~35.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了灯塔水母这一特殊的水母种类，它具有一种非凡的逆生长能力，理论上可以无限循环其生命周期，因此被称为“不老水母”。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段中的After reaching sexual maturity ... changing into a butterfly again.可知，作者通过描述蝴蝶变回毛毛虫这一假设的类比，是为了展示灯塔水母特殊的生命周期。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Therefore, though T. dohrnii may be eaten by predators, it does not die of old age.可知，灯塔水母与其他水母的不同之处在于它具有避免因衰老而死亡的能力。 34.段落大意题。根据第三段对DNA修复基因、修复功能蛋白质以及干细胞群相关基因差异的描述可知，本段主要介绍了关于灯塔水母“永生”机制的新研究的具体发现。 35. 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章围绕灯塔水母逆转衰老的独特现象展开，并重点解释了其背后的基因修复秘密。故B项最适合作文章标题。 第2节 七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36~40. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了植物晚上是否会影响人类的问题。 36.上文提到植物晚上需要氧气，呼出二氧化碳。空处内容应与植物在晚上对人的影响相关。E项符合语境。 37.根据下文内容可知，本段介绍了关于植物夜间排放二氧化碳量多少的研究。C项符合语境。 38.上文把植物对空气质量的影响和伴侣对空气质量的影响作比较，空处应与上文构成因果关系，指出伴侣对人的影响比植物更大。G项符合语境。 39.根据上文中的“Finally, it is obvious…these studies are carried out.”可知，空处应承接上文，说明实际环境的特点，即空气流通。F项符合语境。 40.根据上文中的“In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.”可知，空处应与上文构成因果关系，指出植物对人的影响很小，人们可以随时欣赏室内植物。B项符合语境。 第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分 30分) 第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题 1分，满分15分) 41~55. 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回忆童年时期和奶奶在老房子生活的日子，表达了奶奶对植物的热爱和对家人的爱，以及这种爱对作者的积极影响的故事。 41.根据上文中的the charming old house和下文中的“encircled by a vegetable garden…decorating the area”可知，此处指房产（property）。 42. 根据上文中的“an abundance…decorating the area”和下文中的“particularly in spring and summer”可知，在春天和夏天，这处房屋会成为一个美丽（beauty）的地方。 43. 根据下文中的“In winter, she would carry the plants in the pots inside”可知，这些植物是盆栽的（potted）。 44. 根据上文中的In winter和carry the plants in the pots inside并结合常识可知，在冬天，奶奶会把植物搬到屋里避（avoid）寒。 45. 根据上文中的“The plants were alive and even grew with warmth.”和下文中的became taller可知，植物熬过冬天，到了春天必定（definitely）会长高一些。 46. 根据“Grandma had dozens…cold.”和下文中的“But I didnˈt know why she grew so many non-flowering plants.”可知，作者对奶奶在这些植物上投入（invest）的精力感到困惑（confused）。 47. 参见上题解析。 48. 根据下文中的“they were useful and smelt good”可知，作者能理解（understandable）为什么种植果树和鲜花，因为它们有用，而且闻起来很香。 49. 根据上文中的“But I didnˈt know why she grew so many non-flowering plants.”可知，作者不明白奶奶为什么花精力种那么多不开花的植物，这对年幼时的作者来说是一个谜（mystery）。 50. 根据上文内容可知，此处指奶奶耐心地照料（care for）这些植物。 51. 根据下文中的“So I look after them and treat them like the apple of my eye.”可知，奶奶把这些植物视为挚爱，是值得她珍惜（treasure）的东西。 52. 根据下文中的“Then I understood.”可知，奶奶的解释很有道理（sense），所以作者明白了。 53. 根据上文中的“Today, I have a different”和下文中的“Her devotion to the plants is a(n) ________ of her love for her family.”可知，现在作者对奶奶的行为有了不同的看法（view）。 54. 根据上文中的“They bring me hope…like the apple of my eye.”和下文中的her love for her family可知，奶奶对植物的爱反映（reflection）了她对家人的爱。 55. 根据下文中的“Her love…in adversity.”可知，奶奶的爱鼓励作者勇敢面对逆境，让作者明白在最艰难的（hardest）时刻也能找到美丽和力量。 第二节：语篇语法填空(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 56-65. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家在中国西南部的云南省发现了一个新的植物物种，以及这一发现的积极意义。 56.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语；根据空后的时间状语recently可知，空处应用现在完成时或一般过去时；句子主语The findings与publish构成被动关系；主语为复数；助动词或be动词也应用复数。 57.考查名词。根据空前的a field和空后的介词into可知，空处应用名词形式。a field investigation为固定搭配，意为“野外调查”。 58.考查形容词。根据空后的Oreocharis species可知，空处应用形容词known作定语，修饰名词短语，表示“已知的马铃苣苔属物种”。 59.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句；先行词为species，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用that或which引导。 60.考查介词。name sb./sth. after sb./sth.为固定搭配，意为“以某人/某物的名字给某人/某物命名”。 61.考查名词所有格。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处与后面的名词短语feather color之间为所属关系，应用名词所有格birdˈs。 62.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语；grow与the new species构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 63.考查名词复数。kilometer是可数名词，根据空前的two square可知，空处应用名词复数形式。 64.考查副词。空处修饰下文中的形容词Endangered，应用副词形式critically；此处为专有名词，表示“极危”物种等级，且首字母应大写。 65.考查冠词。第一段中的“Chinese scientists have detected a new plant species”已经提到过最新发现；又根据上文内容及句意可知，空处应用定冠词the的特指“科学家们最近的发现”。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66.【思路点拨】 本篇是一篇主题发言稿，写作场景为世界环境日纪念活动，身份是中国高中生代表。写作要点分为三部分：参会感受、生态现状、发出行动呼吁，采用三段式布局。首段抒发参会的荣幸感受；主体段落重点阐述当下严峻的生态问题，点明保护生态的紧迫性；尾段发出倡议，呼吁所有人从小事做起守护环境。 【亮点词汇】 honored adj.荣幸的 witness v.见证 ecosystem n.生态系统 deteriorate v.恶化 joint endeavor共同努力 commit oneself to致力于 【高分句型】 1.It is a great honor for me,on behalf of Chinese high school students,to deliver a speech on World Environment Day.（it形式主语） 2.What we cannot ignore is that our fragile ecosystem is deteriorating at an alarming rate due to human activities.（what引导主语从句） 3.Only when every individual takes consistent action can we bring about positive changes to our planet.（only置于句首倒装句） 【结构布局】 Para.1：开篇，表达受邀参会的激动与荣幸。 Para.2：主体，指出生态面临的危机，阐释关注生态保护的重要意义。 Para.3：结尾，向在场所有人发出行动呼吁，共建美好地球。 【拓展词汇】 biodiversity n.生物多样性 vital adj.至关重要的 sustainable adj.可持续的 preserve v.保护 minor deed微小举动 【拓展句型】 1.Never has the protection of nature been so urgent as it is today.（否定词前置倒装） 2.It is not grand moves but small daily acts that count in environmental protection.（强调句型） 【范文】 Dear friends, It is a tremendous honor for me to attend this event as a representative of Chinese high school students.Gathering here to mark World Environment Day,I feel deeply inspired sharing ideas on environmental protection with you all. What strikes me most is that our precious ecosystem is facing severe challenges.Polluted rivers,shrinking forests and lost biodiversity are warning us that Mother Nature is suffering.If we keep turning a blind eye to these problems,irreversible damage will be done to the home we rely on for survival.It is high time we attached great significance to ecological conservation. Let’s take immediate action from now on.Every small effort counts.Only through joint endeavors can we build a greener and more sustainable world for generations to come. Thank you! 第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分) 。 67. 【原文大意】文章以事件发展的时间为线索，记叙了女孩Vivian毕业后到父亲的餐厅上班，因员工辞职而缺人手，父亲让她帮忙洗碗，她从一开始的不愿意到最后帮父亲一起洗碗的故事。 【段落续写】根据第一段的首句“我全身心的学习，每件事都拿第一，不是来做这个的。”薇薇安想着。”可知，这一段可以描写薇薇安不愿意洗碗的情节； 根据第二段的首句“薇薇安的父亲捡起手套，戴上，开始自己洗碗”可知，这一段可以描写薇薇安看到父亲洗碗，最后帮父亲洗碗的情节。 【续写线索】离开厨房——父亲困惑地看着她，意识到女儿的想法——父亲朝厨房后面走去——父亲带上手套自己洗碗——薇薇安懊悔地看着父亲继续洗着碗，取下父亲的手套，帮助洗碗 【词汇激活】 行为类： ①离开：leave/to go away/depart ②意识到：be aware of/realize ③朝......走去：make one's way towards/take one's way to ④戴上：put on/wear 情绪类： ①困惑：in confusion/puzzled ②懊悔：with regret/to feel sorry, disappointed, or distressed about 【高分句式】 ①Her father looked at her in confusion but then he realized why his daughter was behaving like this.（but连接的并列句；why引导的宾语从句） ②You are not seriously thinking that I am going to let you do these without offering my help?（that引导的宾语从句） 【范文】   "I didn't study my whole life and come first in everything to do this!" Vivian thought. And then she left the kitchen. But after a while she heard her father saying, "Vivian, sweetheart, you didn't do the dishes? Go on,do it." But Vivian ignored him.Her father looked at her in confusion but then he realized why his daughter was behaving like this. Obviously he was aware of his daughter's thinking. So, he started making his way towards the back of the kitchen.      Vivian's father picked up the gloves, put them on and started doing the dishes himself. "Dad, what are you doing? You are not an ordinary employee!" said Vivian. "Darling, I have always been an ordinary man. I worked hard for you just as these employees' parents must have done.We all are the same even if I am the owner," her father replied. She watched her father continue doing the dishes with regret and took the gloves off his hands. "What are you doing, Vivian?" her father asked. "You are not seriously thinking that I am going to let you do these without offering my help?" Vivian replied and then they both laughed. 第1页，共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $