高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较易版01）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较易版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Some indoor plants. B．The woman’s health. C．Selena’s gardening skills. 3．（本题1.5分）What does the man think the plants need most? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Sunshine. 4．（本题1.5分）What does the man dislike about birds? A．Their noise. B．Their wings. C．Their colors. 5．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Henry think of growing peas? A．They have a very low yield. B．It’s very easy to grow them. C．They are unpopular with gardeners. 7．(1.5分)What stops the woman from growing peas now? A．The hot climate. B．The limited space. C．The lack of containers. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What do we know about the man? A．He values fresh food. B．He lives in an apartment. C．He finds gardening relaxing. 9．(1.5分)What does the woman suggest planting? A．Carrots and potatoes. B．Corn and onions. C．Potatoes and tomatoes. 10．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Neighbors. B．Classmates. C．Husband and wife. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What flower seeds does the woman want at first? A．Daisy seeds. B．Sunflower seeds. C．Tulip seeds. 12．(1.5分)What color does the woman like best? A．White. B．Yellow. C．Purple. 13．(1.5分)What is the man going to do next? A．Recommend other seeds. B．Introduce some tools. C．Do some gardening. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation take place? A．On top of a mountain. B．In a parking lot. C．At a ticket booth. 15．(1.5分)How far is the lake from the top? A．About 20 minutes’ walk. B．About 40 minutes’ walk. C．About 3 hours’ walk. 16．(1.5分)What color will the lake be when the speakers arrive? A．Orange. B．Blue. C．Green. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)Who is the speaker? A．A host. B．A guide. C．A scientist. 18．(1.5分)What is special about the newly developed cocoa fruit? A．The entire fruit can be used. B．It makes chocolate taste better. C．Its beans can be gathered in easily. 19．(1.5分)How much is the global chocolate industry worth now? A．Around $7.5 million. B．Around $22.3 billion. C．Around $130 billion. 20．(1.5分)Where did the speaker travel to learn more about the cocoa fruit? A．Switzerland. B．Ghana. C．China. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Leaves will soon make their gradual change to vivid colors of yellow, orange and red as we head through the fall months, but when you can usually expect peak color to arrive depends on where you live. When Will Fall Leaves Peak For You? — Late September or Early October: The Rockies, the northern parts of Minnesota through Michigan and a stretch from upstate New York to northern New England see peak color first. — Mid to Late October: Potential for peak fall color advances through the Midwest into the Appalachians and much of the Northeast in mid to late October. Most other areas in the western region, including valleys, see fall’s brightest color by this time of year as well. — November: Much of the mid-Atlantic coast and the South are the last holdouts to see peak color in November. Why Do Leaves Change Color? A shorter amount of daylight is the primary factor for the color of the leaves to begin to change. As nights grow longer and cooler, production of the green pigment (色素) slows and eventually stops. This allows the yellow and orange pigments to shine through, revealing the many beautiful colors of fall. What Makes A Good Colorful Season? Location matters: Higher altitudes and northern latitudes cool first, causing earlier color changes. Weather’s role: The perfect recipe includes warm, sunny days paired with cool nighttime temperatures. Soil moisture (湿度): Sufficient soil moisture through spring and summer can help increase the chances of the colorful leaves. Wind warning: If a strong windstorm affects an area that’s near peak color, then it can tear off leaves from trees to some extent, reducing the display of peak color. So grab your camera, plan your trip, and get ready for nature’s colorful delight! 21．(2.5分)When can you enjoy peak fall color in valleys of the western region? A．Late September. B．Early October. C．Late October. D．Mid November. 22．(2.5分)What mainly causes the change of leaf colors? A．Rainy nights in autumn. B．Reduced daylight hours. C．Uncovered pigments. D．Rising temperature. 23．(2.5分)What may ruin the full display of peak color? A．The wet soil. B．The tree species. C．The hot summer. D．The severe storm. （本题10分）For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern-day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission. When food ran out, people ate cotton husks, leather belts and even their pets. Nearly a third of the population — some 750,000 civilians — died. Yet in the center of the city, in a former palace, the All Union Institute of Plant Breeding, the world’s first seed bank, housed 250,000 plants from five continents. This collection, if planted, could have fed “every citizen within Leningrad, and the Soviet Union (苏联) and elsewhere besides”. Botanists faced a dilemma: safeguard the seed bank for the future or use it to save themselves and others from starvation? The seed bank’s staff chose not to eat the collection. As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high-yielding and disease-resistant crops to feed future generations. Their sacrifice was not without consequences: 19 staff starved to death. Whereas today huge gene banks, such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway, store copies of the world’s crops in case of disasters, such initiatives used to seem unusual. The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist. His international fame drew the attention of Soviet authorities, who arrested him in 1940 and accused him of treason (叛国罪). Vavilov died in the prison in 1943. The Soviets did not value Vavilov’s work, but the Nazis did. They thought his collection could be used to create German supercrops. In a twist, Heinz Brücher, a botanist and senior SS officer (党卫军高级官员), launched a secret mission to seize Vavilov’s seeds. The Nazis stole from remote seed-breeding stations and established a rival seed bank in an Austrian castle. After the war Brücher fled, and the seeds he had stolen were lost. But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield. The sacrifice of the Russian botanists has stocked the world’s breadbasket. 24．(2.5分)Why did the Nazis target Leningrad? A．To arrest botanists there. B．To force it to give in. C．To develop German supercrops. D．To steal the seeds from it. 25．(2.5分)What led to the botanists’ choice? A．The risk to their precious seeds. B．Their devotion to a scientific cause. C．The necessity of feeding all Russians. D．Their consideration for citizens then. 26．(2.5分)Who came up with the first seed bank? A．The Soviets. B．The Nazis. C．Heinz Brücher. D．Nikolai Vavilov. 27．(2.5分)What happened to the seeds after the war? A．They were lost to stealing. B．They were stored secretly. C．They produced better varieties. D．They ended the shortage of crops. （本题10分）Cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) represents one of the most fascinating yet least visible phenomena in our universe. These high-energy particles (粒子), traveling at nearly light speed, originate from violent cosmic events such as cosmic explosions and powerful solar activities. The Earth has developed remarkable natural defenses against this cosmic attack. Our atmosphere absorbs the majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field (磁场) blocks most harmful radiation. Together, these protective systems maintain surface radiation at safe levels. However, this protection weakens with increasing altitude (海拔). The effects of cosmic radiation become particularly noticeable during air travel. However, while a single cross-country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk — airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly elevated risks. In space, beyond the Earth’s protective systems, cosmic radiation presents even greater challenges. Long-term space exposure can cause damage to cells, increasing the risks of cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders — a major concern for future Mars missions and long-duration space travel. Scientists use various methods to study cosmic radiation. Understanding their behavior is important for developing better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers. For most individuals on the Earth, cosmic radiation presents minimal health risks thanks to our planet’s natural defenses. However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains vital for protecting human health in these environments. 28．(2.5分)What helps protect the Earth from cosmic radiation? A．Cosmic events and solar activities. B．The atmosphere and magnetic field. C．Long-duration space travel systems. D．Protective materials made by scientists. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “elevated” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Increased. B．Changed. C．Replaced. D．Reduced. 30．(2.5分)Which statement best describes scientists’ current efforts on cosmic radiation? A．Record weather changes in high-altitude areas. B．Remove all cosmic radiation around the Earth. C．Control the movement of high-energy particles. D．Study it to develop better protective technologies. 31．(2.5分)What will most probably happen next according to the text? A．More research will be conducted. B．Space travel will be stopped. C．Most radiation will be removed. D．Defenses will be abandoned. （本题10分）In the time it takes you to read this article, somewhere in the universe, two black holes will have crashed together. In fact, such events happen quite often, each one producing an astonishing amount of energy. In only a few seconds, a black hole merger (合并) can produce more energy than the Sun will release during its whole life. After the crash, the two black holes join together and form a much larger one. These powerful events can change the shape of space and time, creating waves called gravitational waves. Although they come from extremely powerful events, these waves are very weak when they reach Earth. They can travel through the whole planet and cause very small changes that cannot be seen by human eyes. For the past ten years, scientists have used special machines like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) to study these waves. When a gravitational wave passes through LIGO, it changes the length of its arms by a very small amount. However, the machine is sensitive (灵敏的) enough to find these changes. During the past decade, LIGO and other similar machines have found about 300 black hole mergers. One event found in 2023 surprised scientists. It was the largest black hole merger ever recorded. While most mergers create a black hole about 60 times heavier than the Sun, this one created a black hole almost 200 times heavier. However, black holes that size shouldn’t be able to form. The discovery has left astronomers arguing over how exactly these “forbidden” black holes came to be. One explanation for how these seemingly forbidden black holes could come to be was hiding in plain sight — they themselves were second-generation black holes. One possible explanation is that these black holes were not formed from stars, but from earlier mergers of smaller black holes. However, these second-generation black holes are rare (罕见的) because after a merger, the new black hole may be pushed away from the place where it was formed. 32．(2.5分)What happens after two black holes crash together? A．They change into new stars. B．They lose most of their energy. C．They disappear into the space. D．They make up a larger black hole. 33．(2.5分)What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．Offer some additional related information. B．Explain a confusing scientific theory. C．Present different scientific machines. D．Introduce a new research question. 34．(2.5分)What can be learned about the event in 2023? A．It proved that old ideas about space were correct. B．It showed that black holes were easy to discover. C．It challenged scientists’ understanding of black holes. D．It explained why most black holes were extremely huge. 35．(2.5分)Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Powerful Changes Caused by Gravity B．Hidden Secrets Behind Black Holes C．New Discoveries Made by LIGO D．An Explanation for Black Holes （本题12.5分）How the Brain’s “Speed Network” Shapes Human Behavior The human nervous system is often described as the body’s most complex network. Far beyond simple reflexes like moving a finger or pulling back from pain, it controls every thought, emotion, and action. 36(2.5分) Yet few people understand the real speed and complexity behind these instant responses. When you react to a sudden sound or a moving object, your brain does not “think” slowly. Instead, it relies on a specialized “fast pathway” that bypasses the parts of the brain responsible for conscious reasoning. 37(2.5分) This allows survival reactions to happen before you are even aware of them. Modern neuroscience has shown that different neural pathways operate at sharply different speeds. The thickest, most insulated nerves can transmit signals at more than 100 meters per second. 38(2.5分) These slower pathways support calm thinking, decision-making, and emotional control. 39(2.5分) They include not only physical movements but also unconscious judgments, split-second preferences, and immediate emotional responses. Over time, scientists have realized that this fast system heavily influences choices people believe they make rationally. Today, researchers are using this understanding to treat anxiety, improve learning, and even enhance sports performance. By training the brain to regulate fast and slow pathways, people can gain greater control over impulsive behavior. 40(2.5分) In this way, the study of neural speed is changing how we understand self-control and mental health. A．In contrast, thinner nerves carry signals much more slowly. B．Such abilities are vital for survival in challenging environments. C．Every second, it processes millions of signals at astonishing speed. D．The effects of this rapid neural system extend far beyond physical reflexes. E．This direct route sends signals before the brain fully processes information. F．Many mental conditions are closely linked to unbalanced neural pathways. G．They can also react more calmly under pressure and make wiser decisions. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）China boasts a time-honoured agricultural civilization. Much of the wisdom 41 by early Chinese scientists is still invaluable for farmers and gardeners today. One of China’s early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century. He was devoted to doing 42 into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, conducted experiments and learnt from the 43 of farmers. Around 540 CE, he wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu. The book is about both farming and 44 . It includes tips on the following 45 : growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and keeping fish in lakes. There are also 46 for making wine. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the appropriate time of the year. If you sow seeds and 47 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and results will be better. But if you 48 nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so ideal. The condition of the soil is also crucial. Examine the soil on your farm 49 . If the condition of your soil is not good, you should refine it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and 50 weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to 51 the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers 52 the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice 53 in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will 54 good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants, but Jia did experiments and 55 that planting wheat close together is better. Even though it has been centuries since Jia Sixie passed away, Qi Min Yao Shu is still considered an essential book in China’s agricultural history. 41．(1分)A．repeated B．recovered C．reported D．discovered 42．(1分)A．search B．research C．experiment D．movement 43．(1分)A．adventures B．advantages C．customs D．experience 44．(1分)A．nursing B．gardening C．produce D．trade 45．(1分)A．programmes B．crises C．subjects D．events 46．(1分)A．instructions B．constructions C．measures D．treasures 47．(1分)A．place B．increase C．grow D．throw 48．(1分)A．argue against B．go against C．compete with D．deal with 49．(1分)A．successfully B．carefully C．gradually D．smoothly 50．(1分)A．remove B．generate C．push D．reduce 51．(1分)A．destroy B．promote C．divide D．improve 52．(1分)A．keep B．dismiss C．manage D．change 53．(1分)A．back and forth B．here and there C．now and then D．year after year 54．(1分)A．win B．tackle C．harvest D．plant 55．(1分)A．demonstrated B．meant C．intended D．denied 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year marks the 54th anniversary (周年) of the discovery of QingHaoSu, 56(1.5分) is used as the main part for  the most common and effective antimalarial (抗疟疾的) treatment today. According to the World Health Organization, QingHaoSu is 57(1.5分) (benefit) to millions of people in the world. Until now, China 58(1.5分) (train) thousands of anti-malaria workers for developing countries 59(1.5分) built malaria prevention and control centers for 30 countries. During the 1940s, China was attacked by malaria, with nearly 30 million cases each year. In June 2021, the WHO announced China had finished the 60(1.5分) (remove) of this disease within its borders. Tu YouYou was excited to hear the WHO’s announcement. But it was natural for a sense of responsibility 61(1.5分) (follow) quickly, inspiring Tu to ask her workmates how many countries had not defeated malaria and how Chinese researchers could help. During a meeting 62(1.5分) (organize) by some officials, Tu said 63(1.5分) number of cases and death rates of malaria have increased in some parts of the world. The disease 64(1.5分) (remain) a serious public health challenge, and it is important for the international society to work together to achieve a malaria-free world, she added. At the age of 96, Tu may not be able to work as hard as she did decades ago, but she reads monthly news on her team's research and often offers her advice 65(1.5分) key projects. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）你校英语报开设了“Learning to Observe”栏目。请用英语写一篇黄豆芽（soybean sprouts）生长观察日记，并向该栏目投稿，内容包括: 1.观察过程； 2.你的体会。 注意： 1.词数80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1996, the clear blue waters of the Bahamas covered the ocean floor like a gentle blanket, where Cristina Zenato, an Italian female diver, was conducting her routine underwater observation. The sunlight made the water look bright and peaceful. Little did she know that this ordinary dive would turn into a surprising and unforgettable story. She was observing carefully when suddenly, a 2-meter-long Caribbean shark swam unusually close to her. Instead of showing any sign of danger, it opened its mouth wide, shaking slightly and moving its head, as if trying to convey intense pain. Cristina could clearly see that the shark was suffering, and she immediately realized that it needed help. Cristina got closer cautiously and was shocked to see a broken steel hook (钩) deeply stuck in the shark’s upper jaw, with broken tissues hanging from it, causing sharp pain with every breath the shark took. Without any protective tools or gloves, Cristina made a brave decision to assist. She knew it was risky, but she couldn’t leave the poor shark in pain. She first stretched out her hand to let the shark get familiar with her smell, calming it down. Then, she gently put her fingers into the shark’s mouth, carefully holding the hook stuck in the hard part of its mouth. For seven long minutes, the shark tensed its muscles and contracted its gill slits (鳃裂) in pain, yet it never bit down, as if it knew Cristina was its only hope. With a slight turn, the hook was finally pulled out, and a faint cloud of blood spread in the water. The rescued shark swam around Cristina twice, its movements becoming relaxed and steady. Glancing at the pressure in the oxygen tank, which was approaching the warning line, Cristina prepared to go up, thinking the encounter had come to an end. But in the next moment, the shark suddenly rushed into the deep sea, only to return shortly with three more friends, swimming towards her in a neat line. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Cristina quickly held her breath, thinking they were coming to attack her. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cristina decided to stay and help the suffering sharks. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较易版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 【答案】B 【原文】W: I haven’t seen you for a month, Ingram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. M: So they do. They were small just three weeks ago. W: I think you’ll have a good harvest in half a month. M: You’re right. 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Some indoor plants. B．The woman’s health. C．Selena’s gardening skills. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Have you noticed Selena’s garden lately? It’s beautiful! W: Yes. She has green fingers. No matter what she plants, it seems to grow bigger and healthier than anyone else’s. M: Indeed. Even the difficult plants are growing well under her care. 3．（本题1.5分）What does the man think the plants need most? A．Wind. B．Water. C．Sunshine. 【答案】C 【原文】W: It looks as if these plants have not been watered for a long time. M: I came around with the watering pot just two days ago. Are you sure the leaves are getting enough light? W: Maybe that’s the answer. Can you help me move these plants closer to the window? 4．（本题1.5分）What does the man dislike about birds? A．Their noise. B．Their wings. C．Their colors. 【答案】A 【原文】W: I love listening to the birds singing in the morning. I often watch them flying from branch to branch. M: I like them too. They have lovely colorful wings, but I wish they would be quieter. They always wake me up too early. 5．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Wow, the lemon tree turns out to be a great decoration in your room. M: Well, that’s not why I bought it. You see, the fresh smell of lemons fills the air around the lemon tree, which can improve air quality in the room. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Henry think of growing peas? A．They have a very low yield. B．It’s very easy to grow them. C．They are unpopular with gardeners. 7．(1.5分)What stops the woman from growing peas now? A．The hot climate. B．The limited space. C．The lack of containers. 【答案】6．B 7．A 【原文】W: Henry, what do you like growing in your garden? M: I really like growing peas. They’re low-effort, high-yield vegetables, and perfect for new gardeners. I’ve been growing them for over ten years. W: I’d love to try growing them too, but I don’t have a garden. M: You can just use some containers that are at least 10 inches deep, and put a small cage in each one for the plants to climb. W: Can I start growing them now? M: I don’t think so. Peas like cool weather and can’t stand the summer heat. W: Then I’ll wait for a few months. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What do we know about the man? A．He values fresh food. B．He lives in an apartment. C．He finds gardening relaxing. 9．(1.5分)What does the woman suggest planting? A．Carrots and potatoes. B．Corn and onions. C．Potatoes and tomatoes. 10．(1.5分)What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Neighbors. B．Classmates. C．Husband and wife. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 【原文】M: I’m thinking about planting some vegetables in the backyard. We could grow potatoes, tomatoes, and carrots. It would be so nice to have fresh food to eat, and we would spend more time outside. What do you think? W: I think that’s an excellent idea. Could we plant some corn and onions, too? We could save a lot of money by doing that. M: Sure. You’re right that we can save money, but it is a lot of work. That’s why I’ll need your help. I can’t do it alone. W: What will we have to do? M: Well, after we plant the vegetables, we’ll have to water them regularly, protect them from animals, and we should also keep the backyard clean and neat. Do you think we can do all that? W: I think so. I like a challenge. Plus, it will be worth it. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What flower seeds does the woman want at first? A．Daisy seeds. B．Sunflower seeds. C．Tulip seeds. 12．(1.5分)What color does the woman like best? A．White. B．Yellow. C．Purple. 13．(1.5分)What is the man going to do next? A．Recommend other seeds. B．Introduce some tools. C．Do some gardening. 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B 【原文】M: Hi, welcome to Fancy Garden. What can I do for you? W: Hi, I want to plant some flowers in my backyard, so I came here to get some seeds. I’d like some daisy seeds. M: I’m sorry. They are just sold out. How about sunflower seeds? They are popular these days. And the tulip seeds are also good. They have different colors like pink, yellow, white and so on. W: I’ll have some sunflower seeds. Besides, do you have purple tulip seeds? Purple is my favorite color. M: Let me see. Oh, you are so lucky. I still have some. W: Great. And can you recommend some good gardening tools? M: Of course. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation take place? A．On top of a mountain. B．In a parking lot. C．At a ticket booth. 15．(1.5分)How far is the lake from the top? A．About 20 minutes’ walk. B．About 40 minutes’ walk. C．About 3 hours’ walk. 16．(1.5分)What color will the lake be when the speakers arrive? A．Orange. B．Blue. C．Green. 【答案】14．B 15．B 16．C 【原文】M: Did you grab everything from the car? We should check before we leave this area. We have a long day of hiking ahead of us. W: Yes, I did it already. Where should we go now? M: We’re going up to the top part of the mountain. W: Is that where we get the tickets? M: Yeah. It’s about a 20-minute walk from here. W: That’s not so bad. M: Just wait till we get the tickets. It’s a three-hour hike from there to the top. W: How far is the lake from the top? M: Another 40 minutes. We can have lunch at the top, or down by the water. W: We had a late breakfast, so I can wait. I’m excited to see this lake. The guidebook says it changes color throughout the year. M: That’s true. In the fall and winter, it’s sky blue because of the light reflecting off tiny pieces of ice in the lake. At this time of year, it turns green because of the plants that grow under the water. W: That’s so cool. It’s a good thing I brought my camera. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)Who is the speaker? A．A host. B．A guide. C．A scientist. 18．(1.5分)What is special about the newly developed cocoa fruit? A．The entire fruit can be used. B．It makes chocolate taste better. C．Its beans can be gathered in easily. 19．(1.5分)How much is the global chocolate industry worth now? A．Around $7.5 million. B．Around $22.3 billion. C．Around $130 billion. 20．(1.5分)Where did the speaker travel to learn more about the cocoa fruit? A．Switzerland. B．Ghana. C．China. 【答案】17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 【原文】M: Welcome to World Farming. Today we’ll be looking at food scientists who have come up with a waste free way to produce chocolate. Around the world, about 6 million tons of chocolate are expected to be eaten this year, and every mouthful comes from the cocoa bean, which is found inside the cocoa fruit. Normally when the bean is gathered in, the rest of the fruit is thrown away. But researchers in Switzerland have developed a cocoa fruit that won’t be wasted. This is because the entire fruit can be used in the production of chocolate. For an industry currently worth about 130 billion dollars in the world, this could be a game changer. America alone is projected to reach 22.3 billion dollars by 2030. So this invention is important for both fighting food waste and gaining business profits, and I have visited a cocoa farm in Ghana to learn more about how the cocoa fruit is grown. Later in the program, I’ll be speaking to several food scientists. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Leaves will soon make their gradual change to vivid colors of yellow, orange and red as we head through the fall months, but when you can usually expect peak color to arrive depends on where you live. When Will Fall Leaves Peak For You? — Late September or Early October: The Rockies, the northern parts of Minnesota through Michigan and a stretch from upstate New York to northern New England see peak color first. — Mid to Late October: Potential for peak fall color advances through the Midwest into the Appalachians and much of the Northeast in mid to late October. Most other areas in the western region, including valleys, see fall’s brightest color by this time of year as well. — November: Much of the mid-Atlantic coast and the South are the last holdouts to see peak color in November. Why Do Leaves Change Color? A shorter amount of daylight is the primary factor for the color of the leaves to begin to change. As nights grow longer and cooler, production of the green pigment (色素) slows and eventually stops. This allows the yellow and orange pigments to shine through, revealing the many beautiful colors of fall. What Makes A Good Colorful Season? Location matters: Higher altitudes and northern latitudes cool first, causing earlier color changes. Weather’s role: The perfect recipe includes warm, sunny days paired with cool nighttime temperatures. Soil moisture (湿度): Sufficient soil moisture through spring and summer can help increase the chances of the colorful leaves. Wind warning: If a strong windstorm affects an area that’s near peak color, then it can tear off leaves from trees to some extent, reducing the display of peak color. So grab your camera, plan your trip, and get ready for nature’s colorful delight! 21．(2.5分)When can you enjoy peak fall color in valleys of the western region? A．Late September. B．Early October. C．Late October. D．Mid November. 22．(2.5分)What mainly causes the change of leaf colors? A．Rainy nights in autumn. B．Reduced daylight hours. C．Uncovered pigments. D．Rising temperature. 23．(2.5分)What may ruin the full display of peak color? A．The wet soil. B．The tree species. C．The hot summer. D．The severe storm. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍不同地区秋叶达到最佳观赏色彩的时间、树叶变色的原因以及造就绚烂秋景的各类影响因素。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“When Will Fall Leaves Peak For You?”部分中的“Mid to Late October: Potential for peak fall color advances through the Midwest into the Appalachians and much of the Northeast in mid to late October. Most other areas in the western region, including valleys, see fall’s brightest color by this time of year as well.(十月中下旬：中西部地区的秋叶最佳观赏期会逐步延伸至阿巴拉契亚山脉和东北部的大部分地区。西部地区的其他大部分地区，包括山谷，每年到这个时候也能看到秋天最绚烂的色彩。)”可知，西部地区的山谷在十月中下旬能观赏到秋叶的最佳色彩。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据“Why Do Leaves Change Color?”部分中的“A shorter amount of daylight is the primary factor for the color of the leaves to begin to change.(日照时间变短是树叶开始变色的主要因素。)”可知，日照时长的减少是导致树叶颜色发生变化的主要原因。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据“What Makes A Good Colorful Season?”部分中的“Wind warning: If a strong windstorm affects an area that’s near peak color, then it can tear off leaves from trees to some extent, reducing the display of peak color.(大风预警：如果强风暴影响到即将迎来秋叶最佳观赏期的地区，那么它会在一定程度上吹落树上的叶子，降低最佳观赏期的景观效果。)”可知，强风暴可能会破坏秋叶最佳观赏期的完整景观。故选D项。 （本题10分）For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern-day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission. When food ran out, people ate cotton husks, leather belts and even their pets. Nearly a third of the population — some 750,000 civilians — died. Yet in the center of the city, in a former palace, the All Union Institute of Plant Breeding, the world’s first seed bank, housed 250,000 plants from five continents. This collection, if planted, could have fed “every citizen within Leningrad, and the Soviet Union (苏联) and elsewhere besides”. Botanists faced a dilemma: safeguard the seed bank for the future or use it to save themselves and others from starvation? The seed bank’s staff chose not to eat the collection. As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high-yielding and disease-resistant crops to feed future generations. Their sacrifice was not without consequences: 19 staff starved to death. Whereas today huge gene banks, such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway, store copies of the world’s crops in case of disasters, such initiatives used to seem unusual. The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist. His international fame drew the attention of Soviet authorities, who arrested him in 1940 and accused him of treason (叛国罪). Vavilov died in the prison in 1943. The Soviets did not value Vavilov’s work, but the Nazis did. They thought his collection could be used to create German supercrops. In a twist, Heinz Brücher, a botanist and senior SS officer (党卫军高级官员), launched a secret mission to seize Vavilov’s seeds. The Nazis stole from remote seed-breeding stations and established a rival seed bank in an Austrian castle. After the war Brücher fled, and the seeds he had stolen were lost. But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield. The sacrifice of the Russian botanists has stocked the world’s breadbasket. 24．(2.5分)Why did the Nazis target Leningrad? A．To arrest botanists there. B．To force it to give in. C．To develop German supercrops. D．To steal the seeds from it. 25．(2.5分)What led to the botanists’ choice? A．The risk to their precious seeds. B．Their devotion to a scientific cause. C．The necessity of feeding all Russians. D．Their consideration for citizens then. 26．(2.5分)Who came up with the first seed bank? A．The Soviets. B．The Nazis. C．Heinz Brücher. D．Nikolai Vavilov. 27．(2.5分)What happened to the seeds after the war? A．They were lost to stealing. B．They were stored secretly. C．They produced better varieties. D．They ended the shortage of crops. 【答案】24．B 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】主要讲述列宁格勒封锁期间植物学家守护种子库的悲壮经历，介绍种子库的由来、遭遇以及种子带来的长远价值。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern‑day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission.(在1941至1944年将近900天里，纳粹军队封锁了列宁格勒，即如今俄罗斯的圣彼得堡，试图以饥饿迫使这座城市屈服。)”可知，纳粹封锁列宁格勒的目的是逼迫该城市投降。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ The seed bank’s staff chose not to eat the collection. As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high‑yielding and disease‑resistant crops to feed future generations. Their sacrifice was not without consequences: 19 staff starved to death.(种子库的工作人员选择不吃这些收藏的种子。作为植物学家，他们意识到这些种子有潜力培育出高产且抗病的农作物，以养活未来的几代人。)”可知，植物学家出于对科学事业的奉献，选择不吃种子库的种子。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist.(这座植物文库是著名植物学家尼古拉·瓦维洛夫的构想。)”可知，尼古拉·瓦维洛夫创立了世界第一座种子库。 27．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield.(但是保护瓦维洛夫藏品的努力没有白费：在过去70年里，封锁时期保存下来的种子被用来培育品质和产量都更优良的小麦品种。)”可知，战后这些种子被用来培育出品质更好的作物品种。 （本题10分）Cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) represents one of the most fascinating yet least visible phenomena in our universe. These high-energy particles (粒子), traveling at nearly light speed, originate from violent cosmic events such as cosmic explosions and powerful solar activities. The Earth has developed remarkable natural defenses against this cosmic attack. Our atmosphere absorbs the majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field (磁场) blocks most harmful radiation. Together, these protective systems maintain surface radiation at safe levels. However, this protection weakens with increasing altitude (海拔). The effects of cosmic radiation become particularly noticeable during air travel. However, while a single cross-country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk — airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly elevated risks. In space, beyond the Earth’s protective systems, cosmic radiation presents even greater challenges. Long-term space exposure can cause damage to cells, increasing the risks of cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders — a major concern for future Mars missions and long-duration space travel. Scientists use various methods to study cosmic radiation. Understanding their behavior is important for developing better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers. For most individuals on the Earth, cosmic radiation presents minimal health risks thanks to our planet’s natural defenses. However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains vital for protecting human health in these environments. 28．(2.5分)What helps protect the Earth from cosmic radiation? A．Cosmic events and solar activities. B．The atmosphere and magnetic field. C．Long-duration space travel systems. D．Protective materials made by scientists. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “elevated” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Increased. B．Changed. C．Replaced. D．Reduced. 30．(2.5分)Which statement best describes scientists’ current efforts on cosmic radiation? A．Record weather changes in high-altitude areas. B．Remove all cosmic radiation around the Earth. C．Control the movement of high-energy particles. D．Study it to develop better protective technologies. 31．(2.5分)What will most probably happen next according to the text? A．More research will be conducted. B．Space travel will be stopped. C．Most radiation will be removed. D．Defenses will be abandoned. 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇宙辐射的来源、地球大气层和磁场的防护作用、高空飞行及太空探索中的辐射风险，以及科学家为开发更好防护技术而进行的研究。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our atmosphere absorbs the majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field (磁场) blocks most harmful radiation. (我们的大气层吸收了大部分进入的粒子，而地球的磁场阻挡了大多数有害辐射。)”可知，地球的大气层和磁场共同保护地球免受宇宙辐射。 29．词句猜测题。根据第三段“However, while a single cross-country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk — airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly elevated risks. (然而，虽然一次长途飞行使乘客受到的辐射仅相当于一次胸部X光检查——构成最小的健康风险——但由于机组人员经常在高海拔地区暴露，他们面临的风险显著elevated。)”可知，普通乘客偶尔飞行一次面临的健康风险极小，而机组人员由于经常暴露在高海拔环境中，他们面临的风险显然是“显著增加的”，elevated意为“升高的，增加的”，与Increased意思相近。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists use various methods to study cosmic radiation. Understanding their behavior is important for developing better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers. (科学家们使用各种方法来研究宇宙辐射。了解它们的行为对于开发更好的防护技术非常重要。目前的研究重点是保护宇航员和常旅客的保护材料和监测系统)”可知，科学家目前研究宇宙辐射的主要目的是为了开发更好的防护技术来保护宇航员和常旅客。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains vital for protecting human health in these environments. (然而，随着我们更频繁地进入高空旅行和太空探索，继续研究宇宙辐射的影响对于保护这些环境中的人类健康仍然至关重要)”可知，为了应对日益频繁的高空旅行和太空探索，未来将会开展更多关于宇宙辐射的研究。 （本题10分）In the time it takes you to read this article, somewhere in the universe, two black holes will have crashed together. In fact, such events happen quite often, each one producing an astonishing amount of energy. In only a few seconds, a black hole merger (合并) can produce more energy than the Sun will release during its whole life. After the crash, the two black holes join together and form a much larger one. These powerful events can change the shape of space and time, creating waves called gravitational waves. Although they come from extremely powerful events, these waves are very weak when they reach Earth. They can travel through the whole planet and cause very small changes that cannot be seen by human eyes. For the past ten years, scientists have used special machines like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) to study these waves. When a gravitational wave passes through LIGO, it changes the length of its arms by a very small amount. However, the machine is sensitive (灵敏的) enough to find these changes. During the past decade, LIGO and other similar machines have found about 300 black hole mergers. One event found in 2023 surprised scientists. It was the largest black hole merger ever recorded. While most mergers create a black hole about 60 times heavier than the Sun, this one created a black hole almost 200 times heavier. However, black holes that size shouldn’t be able to form. The discovery has left astronomers arguing over how exactly these “forbidden” black holes came to be. One explanation for how these seemingly forbidden black holes could come to be was hiding in plain sight — they themselves were second-generation black holes. One possible explanation is that these black holes were not formed from stars, but from earlier mergers of smaller black holes. However, these second-generation black holes are rare (罕见的) because after a merger, the new black hole may be pushed away from the place where it was formed. 32．(2.5分)What happens after two black holes crash together? A．They change into new stars. B．They lose most of their energy. C．They disappear into the space. D．They make up a larger black hole. 33．(2.5分)What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．Offer some additional related information. B．Explain a confusing scientific theory. C．Present different scientific machines. D．Introduce a new research question. 34．(2.5分)What can be learned about the event in 2023? A．It proved that old ideas about space were correct. B．It showed that black holes were easy to discover. C．It challenged scientists’ understanding of black holes. D．It explained why most black holes were extremely huge. 35．(2.5分)Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Powerful Changes Caused by Gravity B．Hidden Secrets Behind Black Holes C．New Discoveries Made by LIGO D．An Explanation for Black Holes 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 【导语】文章介绍了黑洞合并会产生引力波，借助LIGO等设备，科学家观测到一次超大黑洞合并事件，该发现引发了天文学家对黑洞形成方式的讨论。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第一段“After the crash, the two black holes join together and form a much larger one.(碰撞之后，两个黑洞合并在一起，形成一个大得多的黑洞。)”可知，两个黑洞相撞之后会形成一个更大的黑洞。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段“For the past ten years, scientists have used special machines like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) to study these waves.(在过去十年里，科学家使用像激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）这样的特殊仪器来研究这些波。)”以及“During the past decade, LIGO and other similar machines have found about 300 black hole mergers.(在过去十年中，LIGO以及其他类似设备已经发现了大约300起黑洞合并事件。)”可知，本段提供了和引力波探测相关的补充信息。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, black holes that size shouldn’t be able to form. The discovery has left astronomers arguing over how exactly these “forbidden” black holes came to be.(然而，那样大小的黑洞本不应该能够形成。这一发现使得天文学家争论这些“禁忌”黑洞究竟是如何形成的。)”可知，2023年的这一发现挑战了科学家对于黑洞的认知。 35．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The discovery has left astronomers arguing over how exactly these “forbidden” black holes came to be.(这一发现让天文学家争论这些“禁忌”黑洞究竟是如何形成的。)”以及第五段“One explanation for how these seemingly forbidden black holes could come to be was hiding in plain sight — they themselves were second‑generation black holes.(关于这些看似不可能存在的黑洞如何形成的一种解释一直就在眼前——它们本身就是第二代黑洞。)”可知，全文围绕黑洞合并、引力波以及神秘的“禁忌”黑洞展开，探讨黑洞背后尚未解开的秘密，B选项“Hidden Secrets Behind Black Holes(黑洞背后隐藏的秘密)”最能概括文章大意。 （本题12.5分）How the Brain’s “Speed Network” Shapes Human Behavior The human nervous system is often described as the body’s most complex network. Far beyond simple reflexes like moving a finger or pulling back from pain, it controls every thought, emotion, and action. 36(2.5分) Yet few people understand the real speed and complexity behind these instant responses. When you react to a sudden sound or a moving object, your brain does not “think” slowly. Instead, it relies on a specialized “fast pathway” that bypasses the parts of the brain responsible for conscious reasoning. 37(2.5分) This allows survival reactions to happen before you are even aware of them. Modern neuroscience has shown that different neural pathways operate at sharply different speeds. The thickest, most insulated nerves can transmit signals at more than 100 meters per second. 38(2.5分) These slower pathways support calm thinking, decision-making, and emotional control. 39(2.5分) They include not only physical movements but also unconscious judgments, split-second preferences, and immediate emotional responses. Over time, scientists have realized that this fast system heavily influences choices people believe they make rationally. Today, researchers are using this understanding to treat anxiety, improve learning, and even enhance sports performance. By training the brain to regulate fast and slow pathways, people can gain greater control over impulsive behavior. 40(2.5分) In this way, the study of neural speed is changing how we understand self-control and mental health. A．In contrast, thinner nerves carry signals much more slowly. B．Such abilities are vital for survival in challenging environments. C．Every second, it processes millions of signals at astonishing speed. D．The effects of this rapid neural system extend far beyond physical reflexes. E．This direct route sends signals before the brain fully processes information. F．Many mental conditions are closely linked to unbalanced neural pathways. G．They can also react more calmly under pressure and make wiser decisions. 【答案】36．C 37．E 38．A 39．D 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类大脑中“快速神经通路”的工作原理、速度差异及其对人类行为、情绪、决策和心理健康的重要影响。 【详解】36．上文“The human nervous system is often described as the body’s most complex network. Far beyond simple reflexes like moving a finger or pulling back from pain, it controls every thought, emotion, and action. (人类神经系统通常被称为人体最复杂的网络。它远不止是移动手指或因疼痛缩回等简单反射，还控制着每一种思想、情绪和行为。)”介绍神经系统的基本功能。下文“Yet few people understand the real speed and complexity behind these instant responses. (然而很少有人了解这些即时反应背后真正的速度和复杂性。)”强调其反应极快。选项C“每一秒，它都以惊人的速度处理数百万个信号。”承接上文，具体说明神经系统处理信号的速度之快，与下文形成转折衔接。故选C。 37．上文“When you react to a sudden sound or a moving object, your brain does not ‘think’ slowly. Instead, it relies on a specialized ‘fast pathway’ that bypasses the parts of the brain responsible for conscious reasoning. (当你对突然的声音或移动物体做出反应时，你的大脑不会慢慢‘思考’。相反，它依赖一条专门的‘快速通路’，绕过大脑负责有意识推理的区域。)”指出快速通路的特点。下文“This allows survival reactions to happen before you are even aware of them. (这使得生存反应在你意识到之前就已经发生。)”说明其结果。选项E“这条直接通路在大脑完全处理信息之前就发送信号。”承上启下，解释快速通路如何工作，。故选E。 38．上文“Modern neuroscience has shown that different neural pathways operate at sharply different speeds. The thickest, most insulated nerves can transmit signals at more than 100 meters per second. (现代神经科学表明，不同的神经通路以截然不同的速度运行。最粗、绝缘性最好的神经传递信号的速度可超过每秒100米。)”介绍快速神经。下文“These slower pathways support calm thinking, decision-making, and emotional control. (这些较慢的通路支持冷静思考、决策和情绪控制。)”介绍慢速神经。选项A“相比之下，较细的神经传递信号要慢得多。”形成对比，引出慢速神经。故选A。 39．下文“They include not only physical movements but also unconscious judgments, split-second preferences, and immediate emotional responses. (它们不仅包括身体动作，还包括无意识判断、瞬间偏好和即时情绪反应。)”说明快速系统的影响范围很广。选项D“这种快速神经系统的影响远不止于身体反射。”总起下文，指出其影响范围更广。故选D。 40．上文“By training the brain to regulate fast and slow pathways, people can gain greater control over impulsive behavior. (通过训练大脑调节快速和慢速通路，人们可以更好地控制冲动行为。)”说明训练大脑通路的好处。下文“In this way, the study of neural speed is changing how we understand self-control and mental health. (通过这种方式，对神经速度的研究正在改变我们对自我控制和心理健康的理解。)”总结意义。选项G“他们还能在压力下更冷静地反应，做出更明智的决定。”承上启下，继续说明训练后的积极效果。故选G。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）China boasts a time-honoured agricultural civilization. Much of the wisdom 41 by early Chinese scientists is still invaluable for farmers and gardeners today. One of China’s early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century. He was devoted to doing 42 into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, conducted experiments and learnt from the 43 of farmers. Around 540 CE, he wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu. The book is about both farming and 44 . It includes tips on the following 45 : growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and keeping fish in lakes. There are also 46 for making wine. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the appropriate time of the year. If you sow seeds and 47 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and results will be better. But if you 48 nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so ideal. The condition of the soil is also crucial. Examine the soil on your farm 49 . If the condition of your soil is not good, you should refine it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and 50 weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to 51 the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers 52 the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice 53 in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will 54 good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants, but Jia did experiments and 55 that planting wheat close together is better. Even though it has been centuries since Jia Sixie passed away, Qi Min Yao Shu is still considered an essential book in China’s agricultural history. 41．(1分)A．repeated B．recovered C．reported D．discovered 42．(1分)A．search B．research C．experiment D．movement 43．(1分)A．adventures B．advantages C．customs D．experience 44．(1分)A．nursing B．gardening C．produce D．trade 45．(1分)A．programmes B．crises C．subjects D．events 46．(1分)A．instructions B．constructions C．measures D．treasures 47．(1分)A．place B．increase C．grow D．throw 48．(1分)A．argue against B．go against C．compete with D．deal with 49．(1分)A．successfully B．carefully C．gradually D．smoothly 50．(1分)A．remove B．generate C．push D．reduce 51．(1分)A．destroy B．promote C．divide D．improve 52．(1分)A．keep B．dismiss C．manage D．change 53．(1分)A．back and forth B．here and there C．now and then D．year after year 54．(1分)A．win B．tackle C．harvest D．plant 55．(1分)A．demonstrated B．meant C．intended D．denied 【答案】 41．D 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．C 48．B 49．B 50．A 51．A 52．D 53．D 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国早期农业科学家贾思勰及其所著的《齐民要术》。 【详解】41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早期中国科学家所发现的许多智慧，对当今的农民和园艺师来说仍然是非常宝贵的。A. repeated重复；B. recovered恢复；C. reported报道；D. discovered发现。根据前文“wisdom”和后文“early Chinese scientists”可知，智慧是科学家“发现”的，符合“探索获取知识”的逻辑。故选D项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他致力于农业研究。A. search搜索；B. research研究；C. experiment实验；D. movement运动。根据后文“He collected information, studied it, conducted experiments”可知，他收集信息、研究并做实验，这些都是“研究”活动，do research into是固定短语，意为“对……进行研究”。故选B项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他收集信息，研究信息，进行实验，并向农民学习经验。A. adventures冒险；B. advantages优势；C. customs风俗；D. experience经验。根据前文“learnt from”和后文“of farmers”及农业场景可知，农民在耕作中积累的是“经验”。故选D项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书是关于农业和园艺的。A. nursing护理；B. gardening园艺；C. produce产品；D. trade贸易。根据后文“It includes tips on the following 5 : growing green vegetables and fruit trees”可知，书中包括种植绿色蔬菜和果树等内容，这与“园艺”相关。故选B项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它包括以下主题的建议：种植绿色蔬菜和果树，饲养动物，以及在湖中养鱼。A. programmes节目；B. crises危机；C. subjects主题；D. events事件。根据后文“growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and keeping fish in lakes.”可知，这些都是书中所涵盖的“主题”。故选C项。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有酿酒的说明。A. instructions说明；B. constructions建设；C. measures措施；D. treasures珍宝。根据后文“making wine”及“practical guide”可知，指南中会包含酿酒的“说明”，指导人们操作。故选A项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一年中的适当时间在田里播种和种植幼苗，你的工作量就会减少，结果也会更好。A. place放置；B. increase增加；C. grow种植；D. throw扔。根据后文“young plants in the fields”及农业流程可知，播种后需要“种植”幼苗，“grow”符合“培育植物”的语义。故选C项。 48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是如果你违背自然，在一年中错误的时间做事，你将不得不做更多的工作，结果也不会那么理想。A. argue against反对；B. go against违背；C. compete with与……竞争；D. deal with处理。根据后文“do things at the wrong time of the year”可知，此处指“违背”自然。故选B项。 49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：仔细检查你农场上的土壤。A. successfully成功地；B. carefully仔细地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据后文“If the condition of your soil is not good, you should refine it.”可知，要仔细检查土壤，以便在土壤条件不好时进行改良。故选B项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在播种或种植作物之前，你必须清理粗糙的地面并除去杂草。A. remove移除；B. generate产生；C. push推；D. reduce减少。根据前文“clean rough ground”及农业常识可知，清理土地时需要“清除 杂草，“remove weeds”为固定搭配，意为“除草”。故选A项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让羊或牛在地上走，以摧毁杂草或吃掉它们。A. destroy摧毁；B. promote促进；C. divide分开；D. improve改善。根据后文“or eat them”可知，羊牛行走也能“摧毁”杂草，与“吃掉”形成并列，达到除草效果。故选A项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当农民改变田里的作物时，会达到最好的收成。A. keep保持；B. dismiss解散；C. manage管理；D. change改变。根据后文“For example, do not plant rice 13 in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year”可知，此处指“轮换”作物，“change the crops”符合“轮作”的农业方法。故选D项。 53．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，不要年复一年地在同一块地里种水稻。A. back and forth来回地；B. here and there到处；C. now and then不时地；D. year after year年复一年。根据后文“But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year,”可知，此处指不要“年复一年”地在同一块地里种水稻。故选D项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是如果你一年在一块地里种水稻，第二年在同一块地里种小麦，你会收获好庄稼。A. win赢得；B. tackle处理；C. harvest收获；D. plant种植。根据前文“But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year,”可知，采用“轮作”的农业方法会“收获”好庄稼。故选C项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他科学家说小麦种植时植株之间要有间距，但贾思勰做了实验并证明紧密种植小麦更好。A. demonstrated证明；B. meant意味着；C. intended打算；D. denied否认。根据前文“but Jia did experiments”可知，贾思勰做了实验并“证明”紧密种植小麦更好。故选A项。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year marks the 54th anniversary (周年) of the discovery of QingHaoSu, 56(1.5分) is used as the main part for  the most common and effective antimalarial (抗疟疾的) treatment today. According to the World Health Organization, QingHaoSu is 57(1.5分) (benefit) to millions of people in the world. Until now, China 58(1.5分) (train) thousands of anti-malaria workers for developing countries 59(1.5分) built malaria prevention and control centers for 30 countries. During the 1940s, China was attacked by malaria, with nearly 30 million cases each year. In June 2021, the WHO announced China had finished the 60(1.5分) (remove) of this disease within its borders. Tu YouYou was excited to hear the WHO’s announcement. But it was natural for a sense of responsibility 61(1.5分) (follow) quickly, inspiring Tu to ask her workmates how many countries had not defeated malaria and how Chinese researchers could help. During a meeting 62(1.5分) (organize) by some officials, Tu said 63(1.5分) number of cases and death rates of malaria have increased in some parts of the world. The disease 64(1.5分) (remain) a serious public health challenge, and it is important for the international society to work together to achieve a malaria-free world, she added. At the age of 96, Tu may not be able to work as hard as she did decades ago, but she reads monthly news on her team's research and often offers her advice 65(1.5分) key projects. 【答案】 56．which 57．beneficial 58．has trained 59．and 60．removal 61．to follow 62．organized 63．the 64．remains 65．on 【导语】文章主要讲述青蒿素发现54周年，介绍青蒿素的作用、中国在抗疟疾领域做出的贡献以及屠呦呦对全球消除疟疾的看法。 【详解】56．考查定语从句。句意：今年是青蒿素发现54周年，青蒿素如今是最常见、最有效的抗疟疾治疗药物的主要成分。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是QingHaoSu，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 57．考查形容词。句意：据世界卫生组织称，青蒿素对世界上数百万人有益。提示词作表语表示属性，用形容词beneficial，且be beneficial to是固定短语，意为“对……有益”。 58．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。空白处是谓语动词，根据时间状语Until now可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；主语China是单数，助动词用has。 59．考查连词。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。根据“trained thousands of anti‑malaria workers(培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员)”以及“built malaria prevention and control centers(建立了疟疾防控中心)”可知，两者之间是并列的谓语动作，应用并列连词and连接。 60．考查名词。句意：2021年6月，世界卫生组织宣布中国已在境内消除该疾病。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，提示词remove的名词形式是removal，该词为不可数名词。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随之而来的自然是一份责任感，促使屠呦呦询问同事还有多少国家尚未战胜疟疾，中国研究者可以提供哪些帮助。本句中it为形式主语，根据“for a sense of responsibility”可知本句使用了动词不定式的复合结构，空白处应填动词不定式，作主语。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰名词meeting，organize和逻辑主语meeting之间是被动关系，用过去分词。 63．考查冠词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”。 64．考查时态。句意：她补充道，该疾病仍然是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，国际社会通力合作实现无疟疾世界十分重要。空白处为本句谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the disease为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式remains。 65．考查介词。句意：96岁的屠呦呦或许无法像几十年前那样高强度工作，但她会阅读团队每月的研究新闻，并且经常就重点项目给出建议。offer advice on…是固定搭配，意为“就……给出建议”。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）你校英语报开设了“Learning to Observe”栏目。请用英语写一篇黄豆芽（soybean sprouts）生长观察日记，并向该栏目投稿，内容包括: 1.观察过程； 2.你的体会。 注意： 1.词数80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 In order to learn how soybeans grow into soybean sprouts, I grew some by myself. And here is my observation. When high-quality soybeans have been kept in clean water for ten hours, they begin to become soft and their colour becomes lighter. Then, when they are put in a container and kept in a place where there is no sunlight for one day, soft small buds start to appear. During the following three days, the buds gradually become longer and longer. On the fourth day, the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. Watching the growth of soybean sprouts is a pleasure and I enjoy this process of observation. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以学生的身份，向校英语报“Learning to Observe”栏目投稿，用英语写一篇黄豆芽生长观察日记，描述观察过程并分享个人体会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 种植：grow→raise 出现：appear→emerge/show up 成熟的：mature→ripe/fully-grown 完全：completely→entirely 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On the fourth day, the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. 拓展句：It is on the fourth day that the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When high-quality soybeans have been kept in clean water for ten hours, they begin to become soft and their colour becomes lighter. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句，以及keep+宾语+宾补结构的被动形式) 【高分句型2】Then, when they are put in a container and kept in a place where there is no sunlight for one day, soft small buds start to appear. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句，以及where引导的定语从句) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1996, the clear blue waters of the Bahamas covered the ocean floor like a gentle blanket, where Cristina Zenato, an Italian female diver, was conducting her routine underwater observation. The sunlight made the water look bright and peaceful. Little did she know that this ordinary dive would turn into a surprising and unforgettable story. She was observing carefully when suddenly, a 2-meter-long Caribbean shark swam unusually close to her. Instead of showing any sign of danger, it opened its mouth wide, shaking slightly and moving its head, as if trying to convey intense pain. Cristina could clearly see that the shark was suffering, and she immediately realized that it needed help. Cristina got closer cautiously and was shocked to see a broken steel hook (钩) deeply stuck in the shark’s upper jaw, with broken tissues hanging from it, causing sharp pain with every breath the shark took. Without any protective tools or gloves, Cristina made a brave decision to assist. She knew it was risky, but she couldn’t leave the poor shark in pain. She first stretched out her hand to let the shark get familiar with her smell, calming it down. Then, she gently put her fingers into the shark’s mouth, carefully holding the hook stuck in the hard part of its mouth. For seven long minutes, the shark tensed its muscles and contracted its gill slits (鳃裂) in pain, yet it never bit down, as if it knew Cristina was its only hope. With a slight turn, the hook was finally pulled out, and a faint cloud of blood spread in the water. The rescued shark swam around Cristina twice, its movements becoming relaxed and steady. Glancing at the pressure in the oxygen tank, which was approaching the warning line, Cristina prepared to go up, thinking the encounter had come to an end. But in the next moment, the shark suddenly rushed into the deep sea, only to return shortly with three more friends, swimming towards her in a neat line. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Cristina quickly held her breath, thinking they were coming to attack her. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cristina decided to stay and help the suffering sharks. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Cristina quickly held her breath, thinking they were coming to attack her. Her heart raced wildly, and she held her oxygen tank tightly, ready to escape at any moment. But to her surprise, the sharks swam gently around her, not showing any danger to her. The shark that she had just rescued touched her hand gently with its head, then turned and swam a short distance, looking back as if urging her to follow. She hesitated briefly before swimming after them, only to find that each of the three sharks also had broken steel hooks stuck in their mouths. Cristina decided to stay and help the suffering sharks. Though she was in great danger of running out of oxygen, she repeated the same gentle process she had used earlier, calming each shark down before carefully pulling out the hooks one by one. Sweat mixed with seawater on her forehead, and her arms ached, but she didn’t stop until all hooks were removed. As she rushed upward to the surface with the last of her oxygen, she realized that trust is a bridge between different species, and every life deserves kindness and respect. 【导语】本文以人物为线索。讲述了意大利女潜水员克里斯蒂娜在巴哈马海域潜水时，偶遇一条嘴卡钢钩、痛苦不堪的鲨鱼。她不顾危险徒手为其取出钩子。获救鲨鱼心怀感恩，领来三条同样受伤的同伴。尽管氧气告急、身心疲惫，她仍坚持为所有鲨鱼摘除鱼钩，也由此感悟到跨物种信任可贵，每个生命都应被温柔善待与尊重。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，本段可以写获救鲨鱼领来三条同样受伤的同伴，克里斯蒂娜却发现这三条鲨鱼的嘴里都咬着断裂的钢钩。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，本段可以写尽管氧气告急、身心疲惫，克里斯蒂娜仍坚持为所有鲨鱼摘除鱼钩，也由此感悟到跨物种信任可贵。 2.续写线索：迅速屏住呼吸→并没有对她构成任何威胁→发现三条鲨鱼的嘴里都咬着断裂的钢钩→决定留下来帮助这些受苦的鲨鱼→小心翼翼地一根一根地拔出钩子→感悟到跨物种信任可贵 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①展示：show/demonstrate ②去除：remove/ eliminate 情绪类 ①轻柔地：gently/softly ②惊讶：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】[高分句型1]. But to her surprise, the sharks swam gently around her, not showing any danger to her. (运用了现在分词作状语。) [高分句型2]. Though she was in great danger of running out of oxygen, she repeated the same gentle process she had used earlier, calming each shark down before carefully pulling out the hooks one by one. (运用了Though引导的让步状语从句以及现在分词作状语。) 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $