Unit 5 Play by the rules 单元培优测试 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

八年级英语（外研版）上册单元培优测试 Unit 5 Play by the rules （考试时间90分钟　满分100分） 注意事项 1. 本试卷不含听力部分，共六大题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。 2. 答题前，请将姓名、班级、考号填写在试卷密封线内规定的位置。 3. 请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔答题，答案必须写在答题区域内。 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, I spent two weeks at a nature camp in the mountains. On the first morning, the camp leader gave each of us a small booklet. "Read it carefully," she said. "These are the camp (1)______, and they keep everyone safe." I have to admit that I did not take it seriously at first. The rules seemed boring: no (2)______ after nine o'clock, no food in the tents, and always walk in pairs on the mountain paths. On the third day, I broke one of them. I was hungry after a long hike, so I carried a packet of biscuits into my tent. That night, a wild mouse came in and made a (3)______ under my sleeping bag. I was so (4)______ that I could not sleep at all. In the morning, I had to tell the leader what had happened. To my surprise, she did not shout at me. Instead, she asked me (5)______ my reason for bringing food into the tent. "Wild animals can smell food from far away," she explained. "If everyone brings snacks into the tents, we will soon have bears visiting us." That afternoon, our group hiked to a waterfall. The path was narrow and (6)______, so we walked slowly in pairs. Halfway there, my partner slipped on a wet stone. Because I was standing right beside him, I caught his arm (7)______ he fell. "This is exactly why we walk in pairs," the leader said. By the end of the camp, I had learned something valuable. Rules are not made to (8)______ our fun; they are made to protect us. A rule is a kind of (9)______ that people write down after learning from past mistakes. Now, whenever I see a rule that seems unnecessary, I ask myself a question: (10)______ would happen if everyone ignored it? The answer usually explains everything. 1. A. rules B. stories C. songs D. games 2. A. talking B. singing C. dancing D. shouting 3. A. bed B. sound C. photo D. hole 4. A. excited B. hungry C. frightened D. bored 5. A. explain B. to explain C. explaining D. explained 6. A. wide B. smooth C. busy D. slippery 7. A. after B. before C. until D. since 8. A. increase B. share C. ruin D. double 9. A. joke B. prize C. promise D. story 10. A. Who B. Where C. Which D. What 二、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分。） 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面某公共图书馆的读者规则表，完成各小题。 Rule Details Reason Keep quiet Turn phones to silent mode in reading rooms Others need to concentrate No food or drink Only water in sealed bottles is allowed To protect books and computers Return on time Books must be returned within 30 days Other readers are waiting Take care of children Children under 8 must stay with an adult To keep children safe Use your own card Cards cannot be lent to others To keep every reader's information safe Readers who break the rules three times will lose their borrowing rights for one month. If you have any suggestions about the rules, please write to the library office before 30 November. 11. How long can readers keep a book? A. Within ten days. B. Within fifteen days. C. Within thirty days. D. Within sixty days. 12. What happens to readers who break the rules three times? A. They must pay a large fine. B. They will be asked to leave forever. C. They must write a letter of apology. D. They may lose borrowing rights. 13. Why is food and drink not allowed in the library? A. To protect books and computers. B. To save electricity. C. To keep the floor clean. D. To reduce the library's costs. B Why do we need rules? Some people think rules only limit our freedom. But if you look closely, you will find that rules actually make freedom possible. Imagine a football match without rules. Twenty-two players would chase the ball in any direction, and nobody would know who had won. The game would be exciting for about two minutes and then become meaningless. It is the rules that make the match worth playing. The same is true in daily life. Traffic rules tell drivers which side of the road to use. Without them, no one would dare to drive at all. Library rules keep reading rooms quiet, so hundreds of people can study in the same building without disturbing each other. Of course, not every rule is perfect. Some rules become outdated as society changes. For example, a school once banned students from using calculators, because calculators were expensive and rarely used. Today, many schools encourage students to learn how to use digital tools properly. When a rule no longer serves its purpose, people can discuss it and change it in a lawful way. One way to think about rules is this: they are not walls, but the banks of a river. The banks do not stop the water — they give it a direction and make it flow further. 14. What would happen to a football match without rules? A. It would be more exciting. B. Nobody would know who had won. C. Players would score more goals. D. It would last much longer. 15. Which example of daily rules is mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. Traffic rules tell drivers which side to use. B. Rules only limit our freedom. C. Libraries should be silent all day. D. Calculators should be banned in class. 16. What can people do when a rule becomes outdated? A. People can discuss and change it lawfully. B. People should ignore it silently. C. People must follow it forever. D. People should complain to the police. 17. What does the writer mean by comparing rules to river banks? A. They are walls that stop us. B. They are no longer necessary. C. They should never be changed. D. They give our actions a direction. C Every year, thousands of accidents happen because people ignore simple safety rules. Safety experts have listed the most common causes of injuries among teenagers. They found that three situations caused more than half of all cases. The first was road accidents. Many students were hurt while crossing the road with headphones on, or while riding an electric bicycle without a helmet. The second was drowning. Nearly all of the cases happened in rivers or lakes where swimming was not allowed. The third was fires at home, often caused by charging phones overnight on beds. Almost every one of these accidents could have been prevented. In most cases, the victims knew the rule but believed that nothing would happen to them. To change this, many schools have started a programme called "Ten Seconds for Safety". Before crossing a road, before entering the water, before leaving the kitchen — students are asked to stop and think for ten seconds. During those ten seconds, they should ask: Is this safe? What could go wrong? The programme has produced encouraging results. Schools that have tried it report that fewer students are hurt, and that more of them stop to think before they act. "Safety is not about being afraid," one teacher explains. "It is about being awake. Ten seconds of thinking can save a lifetime of regret." 18. What is the first cause of injuries mentioned in the text? A. Road accidents. B. Drowning in rivers. C. Fires at home. D. Sports injuries. 19. Why did most of the accidents happen according to the experts? A. They did not know the rules at all. B. They knew the rules but thought nothing would happen. C. They were too young to understand. D. They had no adults to help them. 20. What should students do before entering the water? A. They must run away quickly. B. They should call their parents. C. They should stop and think for ten seconds. D. They must ask a teacher first. 21. What does the teacher mean by his words? A. Safety means being afraid of everything. B. Ten seconds of thinking can prevent regret. C. Students should never cross roads. D. Injuries cannot be prevented. D When Zhang Wei became the head of his class's sports committee, he made a rule that surprised everyone: every member of the team had to finish their homework before training. "That is impossible," some classmates complained. "We have training four times a week!" Zhang Wei did not argue. Instead, he showed them a chart he had made. On it, he had recorded the test scores of the basketball team for the past two years. The chart showed something unexpected: in the weeks before important matches, the team's average score in maths and English dropped by nearly ten points. "We were losing matches because we were tired and worried about unfinished homework," Zhang Wei explained. "If we finish our work first, we can train with a clear mind." The first month was hard. Two players nearly gave up. But gradually, the team found a rhythm. They did homework together in the classroom from four to five, then trained from five to six. Surprisingly, the shorter training time made them more focused, and their performance improved. By the end of the term, the basketball team had won eight of its ten matches — the best result in five years. Their average score in maths and English rose by twelve points. "A good rule is not a punishment," Zhang Wei says. "It is a way of helping everyone reach the same goal together. When people understand why a rule exists, they are much more willing to follow it." 22. What rule did Zhang Wei make as head of the sports committee? A. Players must train every day. B. Players must finish homework before training. C. Players must give up basketball. D. Players must study in the library. 23. What did Zhang Wei's chart show? A. The team's test scores dropped before matches. B. The team never won any match. C. The coach was often late. D. The players disliked maths. 24. What did the team do in the first month? A. They trained much longer. B. They stopped doing homework. C. They did homework together then trained. D. They changed their coach. 25. What does Zhang Wei say about a good rule? A. Rules are punishments for students. B. Sports should come before homework. C. Charts are more useful than rules. D. Understanding rules helps us follow them. 三、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各小题的任务。 Every school has rules, but not every school asks students to help write them. Some schools have started a programme called "Our Rules, Our Voice". The process is simple. At the beginning of each term, students in every class discuss the problems they have noticed in school life. Then they write suggestions and send them to the student council. The council chooses the most useful ideas and presents them to the teachers. Last term, students made three suggestions that were accepted. First, they asked the school to open the library during lunch break, because many students wanted a quiet place to read. Second, they suggested setting up a "lost and found" corner near the school gate. Third, they proposed that the school should put up signs asking students to keep the corridors quiet during exams. At first, some teachers worried that students would make selfish rules. But the opposite happened: most suggestions were about helping others and making the school friendlier. The programme has changed something deeper as well. Students who once complained about rules now understand them better. When you help make a rule, you stop seeing it as something against you — you see it as something you chose. 26. What is the name of the programme mentioned in the text? 27. Why did students ask the school to open the library during lunch break? 28. 根据短文内容，完成下面的流程梳理，每空不超过3个词。 Step 1: classes discuss problems and write ①______. Step 2: the student council presents the best ideas to the ②______. 29. What does the student mean by "You see it as something you chose"? 回答不超过20词 30. If you could make one new rule for your school, what would it be? Why? 回答不少于20词 四、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分。） 根据对话内容，从方框内所给的七个选项中选出五个恰当的句子补全对话，使对话意思完整、通顺。 A. What happened then? B. Why is that rule so strict? C. I think every rule is written for a reason. D. Did you get into trouble? E. I think rules are only for adults. F. Why don't we read the lab rules together? G. Do you often read school rules? Kate: Hi, Jack! You look serious. What are you reading? Jack: I am reading the safety rules of our school lab. They are really important. Kate: 31. ______ Jack: Because last week a student burned his hand during an experiment. Kate: 32. ______ Jack: He forgot to put on the safety gloves. The teacher had warned us many times. Kate: 33. ______ Jack: Yes, he had to stay in hospital for three days. He felt really sorry afterwards. Kate: That is terrible. I always thought lab rules were too strict. Jack: 34. ______ Kate: You are right. From now on I will read every rule carefully. Jack: 35. ______ Kate: Good idea. Let's start with the chemistry lab. 五、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school has a rule that every student must take part in one club activity. At first, I joined the chess club (36)______ (please) my parents, but I soon found it boring. One afternoon, I went to the playground (37)______ (watch) the basketball team train. The coach noticed me standing alone and asked me to try. "You are tall," he said. "You may be good (38)______ this." I was nervous at first. I missed almost every shot. But the players did not laugh at me. Instead, they (39)______ (teach) me how to hold the ball properly. To my surprise, I scored three times that afternoon. From then on, I went to the playground every day (40)______ (practise). The coach told us that we should (41)______ (drink) enough water before training, and that we must warm up carefully (42)______ we start. Last month, our team played in the city final. With two minutes left, the score was 58 to 58. I (43)______ (pass) the ball to our captain, and he scored. We won by two points! After the match, the coach said something I will never forget. "Rules and training are not (44)______ (enemy) of fun," he said. "They are the reason you can enjoy the game (45)______ (safe)." 六、书面表达（满分15分。） 学校英文报 Rule and Life 栏目正在举办以“Why We Need Rules”为题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 描述一次你或他人因违反规则而遇到麻烦的经历； 2. 说明这条规则存在的真正原因； 3. 谈谈你对规则的看法。 注意： 1. 词数80—100，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 Why We Need Rules Some people think rules only limit our freedom, but I have learned that they actually protect us. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案与解析 一、完形填空 1. A 解析：考查名词辨析（主题词）。后句说明这些规定“保护每个人的安全”，且下文反复提到 no talking、no food in the tents 等条款，故为营地规则。其余三项“故事”“歌曲”“游戏”都不能与“安全”构成直接关联。 2. A 解析：考查动名词辨析（营规条款）。营地常见规定为“九点后不许说话”，与后两项 no food in the tents、walk in pairs 并列为具体条款。“唱歌”、“跳舞”、“喊叫”均非典型营规条款。 3. D 解析：考查名词辨析（具体事物）。老鼠钻进帐篷会在睡袋下打洞，make a hole 符合常识。“床”、“声音”、“照片”都不能描述老鼠造成的破坏。 4. C 解析：考查形容词辨析（心理状态）。发现帐篷里有老鼠，作者吓得整夜未眠。“兴奋的”、“饥饿的”、“无聊的”都不能解释失眠的原因。 5. B 解析：考查非谓语动词（ask sb to do）。ask sb to do sth 意为“要求某人做某事”，此处指负责人让作者说明自己把食物带进帐篷的原因，用不定式作宾语补足语。 6. D 解析：考查形容词辨析（环境特征）。由后文“同伴在湿石头上滑倒”可知，小路既窄又滑，slippery 符合语境。“宽阔的”、“平坦的”、“繁忙的”均与滑倒的原因矛盾。 7. B 解析：考查从属连词（时间先后）。作者及时抓住了同伴的手臂，使他“在跌倒之前”稳住了身体，before 表示动作发生在危险之前。A、C、D 三项均不能体现这一关键的先后关系。 8. C 解析：考查动词辨析（抽象语义）。全句意为“规则不是为了毁掉我们的乐趣而制定的，而是为了保护我们”。“增加”、“分享”、“翻倍”均与后半句的对比逻辑不符。 9. C 解析：考查名词辨析（抽象概念）。规则是人们在吸取教训后写下的“承诺”，a kind of promise 与“保护他人”的语义一致。“玩笑”、“奖品”、“故事”都不能体现规则的约束意义。 10. D 解析：考查疑问词（从句引导）。句意为“如果所有人都无视它，会发生什么”，问的是结果，用 What 引导。 二、阅读理解 11. C 解析：表格信息检索题。第三行 Details 一栏写明图书须在 30 天内归还。 12. D 解析：细节判断题。表后说明违反规则三次的读者将失去一个月的借阅权，该项与之吻合。 13. A 解析：细节题。第二行 Reason 一栏写明禁止食物饮料的原因是保护书籍与电脑。 14. B 解析：细节题。第二段指出若足球比赛没有规则，二十二名球员会朝各个方向追球，没人知道谁赢了。 15. A 解析：细节题。第三段说明交通规则规定车辆行驶的方向，没有它们没人敢开车。 16. A 解析：细节题。第四段指出当规则不再适应需要时，人们可以通过合法途径讨论并修改它。 17. D 解析：引语理解题。文中将规则比作河岸：河岸不阻挡水流，而是给它方向、让它流得更远，该项精准转述。 18. A 解析：细节题。第二段按顺序列出三类高发情况，首先提到的是交通事故（过马路戴耳机、骑电动车不戴头盔）。 19. B 解析：细节题。第三段明确指出多数情况下受害者知道规则，但认为坏事不会落到自己头上。 20. C 解析：细节题。第四段说明“安全十秒”计划要求学生停下来思考十秒，自问“这安全吗？可能出什么问题？”。 21. B 解析：引语理解题。教师强调安全不是恐惧而是清醒，十秒的思考能避免一生的遗憾，该项为原文转述。 22. B 解析：细节题。首段说明张伟制定的规则是“每名队员必须在训练前完成作业”。 23. A 解析：细节题。第三段说明图表显示在重要比赛前几周，球队的数学与英语平均分下降了近十分。 24. C 解析：细节题。第五段说明球队找到节奏：四点到五点一起写作业，五点到六点训练。 25. D 解析：主旨理解题。张伟总结说好的规则不是惩罚，而是帮助大家达成共同目标的方式；当人们理解规则存在的原因时，就更愿意遵守它。 三、任务型阅读 26. "Our Rules, Our Voice". 解析：细节查找题。首段直接给出项目名称。 27. Because many students wanted a quiet place to read. 解析：原因查找题。第三段说明学生希望午休时能有一个安静阅读的场所。 28. ① suggestions　② teachers 解析：信息梳理题。第一空依据 write suggestions and send them to the student council；第二空依据 presents them to the teachers。 29. Students follow a rule more willingly when they helped make it. 解析：句意概括题。抓住“参与制定的规则更愿意遵守”这一含义，限 20 词以内。 30. 示例：I would make a rule that every class has ten minutes of free reading before lunch, because reading helps us relax and learn new things. 解析：开放性表达题。需提出具体规则并说明理由，不少于 20 词且语言规范。 四、补全对话 31. B 解析：后句 Jack 回答 Because last week a student burned his hand，说明此处询问“这条规则为什么这么严格”，该项精准对应。 32. A 解析：后句 Jack 说明受伤原因是忘戴防护手套，说明此处询问“后来发生了什么/怎么会这样”，该项符合语境。 33. D 解析：后句回答 Yes, he had to stay in hospital for three days，说明此处是一般疑问句，该项“他惹上麻烦了吗”与之匹配。 34. C 解析：前句 Kate 认为实验室规则太严格，后句她回应“你说得对，从现在起我会认真读每一条规则”，说明此处 Jack 说明规则都是有原因制定的，该项衔接自然。 35. F 解析：后句 Kate 回答 Good idea. Let's start with the chemistry lab，说明此处 Jack 提出一起读实验室规则的建议，该项完全匹配。E、G 两项为干扰项。 五、语法填空 36. to please 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了让父母高兴”，这是本单元核心语法点。 37. to watch 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语，表示“去看篮球队训练”。 38. at 解析：考查介词。be good at 意为“擅长”，为固定搭配。 39. taught 解析：考查一般过去时。全文叙述过去发生的事，与前后文 missed、scored 时态一致。 40. to practise 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语，表示“每天去操场是为了练习”。 41. drink 解析：考查情态动词后接动词原形。should 后接动词原形 drink。 42. before 解析：考查时间状语从句连词。表示“开始训练之前必须认真热身”，before 符合逻辑。 43. passed 解析：考查一般过去时。叙述比赛中的具体动作，用过去式 passed。 44. enemies 解析：考查名词复数。主语 Rules and training 为复数，表语须用复数形式 enemies。 45. safely 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词 enjoy 须用副词形式，safe 的副词为 safely。 六、书面表达 参考范文 Why We Need Rules Some people think rules only limit our freedom, but I have learned that they actually protect us. Last term, I rode my bike to school without a helmet because I was late. On the way, a car suddenly opened its door in front of me, and I fell off. Luckily, I was not badly hurt, but my knee was painful for a week. That experience taught me why the helmet rule exists. It is not made to trouble us; it is made to keep us safe. Now I always put on my helmet before I get on the bike, and I also remind my friends to do the same. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $