第1部分 第1讲 第2节 非谓语动词 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词这一高考核心考点，系统梳理其作状语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、补足语的六大句法功能，通过“真题试做感知高考-分类讲解构建体系-表格对比明晰形式”的逻辑架构，结合考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生突破非谓语形式选择的难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料以真题驱动为特色，融入2022-2025年高考题，设计“功能-形式”对应训练，如非谓语作状语模块先分析2025年全国二卷“Growing up...”真题，再归纳现在分词用法并配合小题微练，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。分层练习覆盖教材衔接、高考应用、写作输出，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

第2节　非谓语动词 【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法 非谓语动词作状语 1．(2025·全国二卷)Growing (grow) up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. 2．(2025·北京卷)When asked (ask) why they chose so many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don't know.” 3．(2025·全国一卷)My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking (think) he should call first. 4．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Using (use) a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 6．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co­existence of old and new ... 7．(2023·全国乙卷)She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving (serve) overseas. 8．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting (result) in a more accurate estimate. 9．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 非谓语动词作定语 10．(2025·北京卷)Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected (select) just for them to learn about cutting­edge science. 11．(2025·全国一卷)Each exchange provided a chance to spare (spare) the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered. 12．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting (wait) to board the bus. 13．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 14．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published (publish) in 1755. 15．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore (explore) the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 16．(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive (receive) a medical degree. 17．(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying (apply) for food courses at UK universities and colleges. 18．(2022·全国乙卷)“It can help to build a community with a shared (share) future for mankind，” he said. 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补足语 19．(2025·全国二卷)Since setting out on the journey, the fitness lover has not only managed to grow (grow) an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media. 20．(2025·浙江1月卷)But one day when I heard her saying (say) “I think I'm too fat，” my heart sank. 21．(2025·浙江1月卷)I encourage my daughter to make (make) healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. 22．(2025·北京卷)Another key theme involves finding (find) some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. 23．(2025·全国二卷)She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise ... the goal is to feel (feel) good, not look good.” 24．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)With so many online posts featuring (feature) the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. 25．(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding (pound) and legs shaking. 26．(2024·浙江1月卷)Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking (take) online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. 27．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused (confuse). 28．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)With over 2，500 bikes stored (store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 29．(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have (have) a clean, attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits. 30．(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. 31．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. (一)非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动词 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done √ √ √ √ 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done √ √ √ √ 过去分词 一般式 done(vt.) 表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ 非谓语动词作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等 ①作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again.我们将继续推进大气污染防治行动，让天空重新变得蔚蓝。 ②表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 I reached the station only to find my train had already left.我赶到车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。 ③作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad, happy, frightened, surprised 等。 I am frightened to see that in front of my door sits a dog.我惊恐地发现，门前坐着一只狗。 (2)现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语，常用来表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等含义，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的水手一样，鸟类能够利用太阳和星星辨别航向。 (3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Wrapped in a warm blanket, Lizzy sits beside her family, looking at her mom on the bed.裹着一条温暖的毛毯，莉齐坐在家人身边，望着床上的妈妈。 (4)独立主格结构 构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/过去分词/现在分词/动词不定式 特点：① 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；② 作逻辑主语的名词或代词，与后面的成分存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③ 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随等，相当于一个状语从句或一个并列句。 ① The work done(＝After the work had been done), we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。 ② Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 ③ He is lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands are crossed under his head).他正躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下。 小题微练1 1．Old folks and their grandchildren leaned out of the windows, watching (watch) the performance. 2. To remember (remember) all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 3．Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find (find) it didn't fit. 4．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, trapped (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine. 5．Seeing (see) the dangerous situation, the policeman rushed to the scene immediately. 6．Frightened (frighten) by the sudden thunderstorm, the child hid behind his mother. 7．The little girl stood at the door, crying (cry) loudly because she couldn't find her mother. 8．The little boy ran into the house, his shoes lost (lose) on the way and his clothes dirty. 9．Weather allowing (allow), the sports meeting will be held on the playground as planned. 10．The manager left the office, leaving (leave) a lot of work unfinished. (二)非谓语动词作定语 动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 I can't think of any good advice to give her. 我想不出任何能给她的好建议。 (2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰，且动词不定式与逻辑主语构成主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 You're the first exchange student to win this honour.你是第一个获此殊荣的交换生。 (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，且动词不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, plan, way, opportunity等。 As long as you grasp every opportunity and take full advantage of it, you will stand a chance to realise your dreams.只要你抓住机会，并充分利用它，你就有机会实现梦想。 分词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语 ① 当被修饰的名词与动词之间为主动关系或表示正在进行的动作时，用现在分词作定语。 The questions weighing on my mind were answered.萦绕在我心头的那些问题得到了解答。 ② 当被修饰的名词与动词之间为被动关系，且需表示动作正在进行时，用现在分词的被动式作定语。 The problem being discussed by the committee is of great importance.正在被委员会讨论的问题非常重要。 (2)过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语时，动词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 What's more, we should attach importance to our visual health and control the time spent on electronic devices.更重要的是，我们应该重视我们的视觉健康，控制花在电子设备上的时间。 小题微练2 1．In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce (reduce) my carbon footprint on the planet. 2．The old building being repaired (repair) by the workers these days will become a community library. 3．They find comfort among the shelves packed (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help. 4．When we got a call saying (say) she was short­listed, we thought it was a joke. 5．The girl who is standing at the school gate is holding a book written (write) by a famous writer. 6．My teacher gave me a list of books to read (read) during the long winter vacation this year. 7．She is the last person to leave (leave) the office every day because she always checks everything. 8．The documents signed (sign) by the manager this morning have been sent to the head office. 9．The little girl playing (play) in the garden now is my neighbor's daughter from next door. (三)非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 (1)非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词­ing形式和动词不定式 ① 动词­ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies, and I also like to read short stories.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，而且我也喜欢读短篇小说。 ② it作形式主语，代替真正主语的可以是动词不定式或动词­ing形式。 常见句型有：It is/was no use/good doing sth; It is/was not any use/good doing sth; It is/was of little use/good doing sth; It is/was useless doing sth; It's a waste of time doing sth; It is easy/important/vital/necessary/difficult to do sth等。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.要说服这样一个固执的人，是没有什么用处的。 (2)非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动词­ing形式和动词不定式 ① 只能跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) ·enjoy, consider, escape, avoid(喜欢考虑不避免) ·cannot help, give up, risk(不禁放弃太冒险) ·appreciate, admit, be worth(感激承认很值得) ·mind, imagine, delay, put off(介意想象莫推延) ·allow/permit, finish, look forward to(允许完成是期望) ·suggest, go on, practise(建议继续勤操练) ·be devoted to, excuse, insist on(致力原谅要坚持) ·keep, succeed in, miss(持续成功不错过) The thief kept running to avoid being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免被警察抓住。 ②只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) ·hope, wish, expect, agree, promise(三个希望两答应) ·demand, ask, refuse(两个要求莫拒绝) ·manage, learn, decide/determine(设法学会做决定) ·pretend, choose/select(不要假装在选择) ·intend, offer, plan, mean(打算提出俩计划) ·apply, fail, afford(申请失败负担起) ·prepare, desire, happen(准备愿望又碰巧) ·此外threaten, can't wait 等也要用动词不定式作宾语 At the same time, I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.与此同时，我决定更努力地学习，而不是浪费宝贵的时间在那些无用的东西上。 【点拨】　1.动词need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词­ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2．动词不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 ③既可接动词­ing形式又可接动词不定式，但意义不同的动词(短语)有： ·I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我原本打算去，但是我的父亲不让我去。 ·To raise wages means increasing purchasing power.提高工资意味着增加购买力。 (3)非谓语动词中，能作表语的有动词­ing形式、动词­ed形式和动词不定式 动词­ing形式作表语，意为“令人感到……的”；动词­ed形式作表语，意为“感到……的”；动词不定式作表语，可说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。 ① The story sounds interesting.这故事听起来很有趣。 ② She was exhausted.她筋疲力尽。 小题微练3 1．Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make (make) eco­friendly lifestyle choices. 2. Being (be) with family and doing (do) things together can help. 3．What I want to do most in senior high is to improve (improve) my English. 4．There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in greening (green) the desert. 5．Eventually Deere expects to add (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor. 6．It is a waste of time arguing (argue) with him because he never changes his mind easily. 7．My little sister's favourite hobby is painting (paint) beautiful pictures of nature in her free time. 8．He regretted not taking (take) his friend's advice, which made him miss a great opportunity. 9．Our main task for this semester is to improve (improve) our ability to solve practical problems independently. 10．She pretended to be reading (read) a book when her mother came into the room to avoid being scolded. 11．The manager suggested holding (hold) a meeting tomorrow morning to discuss the new project plan.(四)非谓语动词作宾语补足语 非谓语动词作宾语补足语 (1)感官动词和短语(hear, feel, see, watch, observe, notice, look at, listen to)后的宾语补足语，常见的非谓语动词形式有三种(do, doing, done)。do表示主动且动作全过程(被动句中动词不定式符号to需还原)；doing表示主动或正在进行；done 表示被动或完成。 As I approached them, I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet.当我走近他们时，我注意到两人拖着脚步，穿着湿鞋笨拙地向前跑。 (2)使役动词后的宾语补足语。动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep后常用非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。 On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些让青少年体会到自身行为后果的人，反而能做得更好。 (3)后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, encourage, request, warn等。 They all have excellent skills, which will allow us to communicate and learn better and improve our skiing skills. 他们都有出色的技术，这将使我们更好地交流和学习，并提高我们的滑雪技能。 (4)with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。 Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.没有人注意到，我偷偷溜进了房间。 小题微练4 1．Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him to overcome (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination. 2．With such a short time left (leave) before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 3．With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle), he can't get home early. 4．Don't leave the water running (run) while you brush your teeth. 5．They had the old furniture moved (move) out of the room before the new decoration started. 6．With the sun rising (rise) slowly in the east, the whole village was covered in golden light. 7．I heard her singing (sing) a beautiful folk song in the next room when I passed the hallway. 8．With so many tasks to complete (complete) this week, I have to stay up late every night to finish them. 9．The workers got the machine repaired (repair) as soon as possible to avoid delaying the production. 10．She kept the windows closed (close) all day because the outside noise was too loud. Ⅰ.语法与教材 1．(人教版必修二U4)In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create (create) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 2．(外研版必修二U4)Having seen (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town! 3．(人教版必修三U1)It was great fun walking (walk) along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere! 4．(外研版必修三U1)Written (write) more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well­known excerpts of Scottish poetry. 5．(北师大版必修一U1)It's important to meet (meet) friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. 6．(外研版选四U1)The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering (wonder) or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. 7．(北师大版必修一U1)I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated (update). 8．(外研版必修一U5)With water falling (fall) off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. 9．(外研版选四U2)Performed in 1921 in Shanghai by Chinese students, it was the first foreign play staged (stage) in China. 10．(北师大版选二U5)Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen, she kept on trying (try) to understand it. Ⅱ.语法与高考 1．To enrich (enrich) our after­school experience, our school organises various activities every semester.Many students sign up for the photography club, 2.hoping (hope) to record beautiful moments on campus.3.Equipped (equip) with cameras, they walk around the campus, 4.capturing (capture) the blooming flowers in spring and the golden leaves in autumn.The photos 5.taken (take) by these students are often displayed on the school noticeboard, attracting many teachers and students 6.to stop (stop) and appreciate them. Last weekend, we held a volunteer activity to help clean the community park.7.Arriving (arrive) at the park early in the morning, we were divided into several groups.Some students were responsible for picking up litter, while others focused on trimming overgrown branches.We found an old man 8.sitting (sit) alone on a bench, looking a little lonely.A few classmates went over to chat with him, making him laugh happily.The work 9.finished (finish), we felt tired but fulfilled.Seeing the clean and tidy park, all of us were proud of what we had done. 10．Participating (participate) in such activities not only improves our practical abilities but also teaches us to care for others. Ⅲ.语法与写作(用非谓语动词的知识补全作文) (2026·河南省叶县高级中学高三模拟)假定你是李华，你的英国好友克里斯所在学校的 Music Club和Sports Club正在招募新成员，他想选择其中一个参加，请给他写一封邮件，提供一些建议。内容包括： 1．你的建议； 2．说明理由。 Dear Chris， 1．Learning that you are considering joining either the Music Club or the Sports Club (得知你正在考虑参加音乐社团还是体育社团), I'd like to 2.suggest choosing the Music Club (建议选择音乐社团). Joining the Music Club 3.offers you the chance to learn various instruments (给你提供学习各种乐器的机会), with many professional resources 4.provided for free (免费提供).Moreover, practising music regularly allows you to express emotions, 5.making you feel relaxed and refreshed (使你感到轻松且精神焕发).Compared to sports, music is a more sustainable hobby, 6.bringing long­term benefits (带来长期益处). I 7.strongly encourage you to seize this opportunity (强烈鼓励你抓住这个机会), hoping it will bring you joy and growth. Looking forward to hearing about your final decision! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $