高考英语长难句60天打卡计划-第16-20天-非谓语动词1 讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-07-04
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 80 KB
发布时间 2026-07-04
更新时间 2026-07-04
作者 SyahEnglish
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-07-04
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58639895.html
价格 1.50储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词(不定式与动名词)高考核心考点,覆盖近十年全国卷语法填空高频考查内容(不定式45次、动名词17次),按功能(主语、宾语、定语、状语)及区别系统梳理,通过核心词汇解析、句子结构解剖、语法规律精讲、高考真题训练等环节,帮助学生构建知识网络,突破语法难点。 资料以高考阅读真题为语料,标注难度系数分层讲解,创新运用口诀记忆法(如“不定式主语口诀”“动名词作宾语口诀”),通过对比分析(如remember to do/doing)培养学生思维品质,设置难度递进练习,有效提升语言能力,为教师把控复习节奏、学生高效备战提供精准指导。

内容正文:

高考英语长难句60天打卡计划 — 第16-20天:非谓语动词1(不定式与动名词) 非谓语动词是高考英语语法填空的"重中之重",近十年全国卷语法填空中不定式考查了45次,动名词考查了17次。不定式和动名词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。本单元将系统学习不定式和动名词的核心用法及区别。本阶段所有例句均选自高考阅读理解真题中的真实长难句,帮助大家在语境中掌握语法知识。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 16 — 不定式作主语和宾语 第1句 No.1 | 难度系数:★★★☆☆ | 来源:2022年全国甲卷 阅读理解C篇 【原句】 To address the growing concern about food safety, the government has introduced a series of strict regulations that require all food producers to meet higher standards of quality control. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 address /əˈdres/ v. 处理,解决。address a problem/concern。例:The government must address the issue. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担忧,关切。concern about/over。例:Her concern is understandable. introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 引入,推行。introduce a policy/system。例:The school introduced a new rule. regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 规定,条例。comply with regulations。例:Safety regulations are important. require /rɪˈkwaɪə/ v. 要求。require sb. to do sth.。例:The job requires full attention. standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准,水准。meet/raise standards。例:The quality is up to standard. 【句子解剖】 [主句] To address the growing concern about food safety, the government has introduced a series of strict regulations that require all food producers to meet higher standards of quality control. ├── [主语] 不定式短语:To address the growing concern about food safety │ ├── 不定式核心:To address │ └── 宾语:the growing concern about food safety │ ├── 定语:growing(现在分词作前置定语,修饰concern) │ ├── 中心词:concern │ └── 后置定语:about food safety(介词短语修饰concern) ├── 主语:the government ├── 谓语:has introduced(现在完成时,表示已完成的影响) └── 宾语:a series of strict regulations └── 定语从句:that require all food producers to meet higher standards of quality control ├── 关系代词:that(指代regulations,在从句中作主语) ├── 谓语:require ├── 宾语:all food producers └── 宾补(不定式短语):to meet higher standards of quality control ├── 不定式核心:to meet └── 宾语:higher standards of quality control ├── 定语:higher(比较级形容词) ├── 中心词:standards └── 后置定语:of quality control(介词短语) 【语法精讲】 一、不定式作主语的两种位置 不定式短语作主语时,可以放在句首,也可以用it作形式主语后置。本句采用的是句首位置,即不定式短语直接放在谓语动词之前。 位置类型 结构 例句 特点 句首位置(本句) To do + 谓语... To address this problem is our priority. 正式,强调动作本身 句末位置(it形式主语) It + be + adj. + to do It is important to address this problem. 常用,平衡句子结构 二、it作形式主语的常见句型对比 句型 结构 例句 It + be + adj. + to do 描述事情的特征 It is necessary to take action. It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do 说明做某事对某人而言如何 It is important for the government to act. It + be + adj. + of sb. + to do 评价某人的品质 It is wise of them to adopt this policy. It + takes + 时间 + to do 花费时间做某事 It takes time to solve such problems. 三、定语从句中的require sb. to do结构 本句中的定语从句"that require all food producers to meet higher standards"包含一个重要结构:require + 宾语 + to do(要求某人做某事)。类似动词还有: 动词 结构 含义 require require sb. to do 要求某人做某事 force force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事 allow allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事 persuade persuade sb. to do 说服某人做某事 enable enable sb. to do 使某人能够做某事 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译需注意三点:第一,"To address..."位于句首作主语,汉语中可直接译为"为了解决……"或"处理……",保持原语序;第二,定语从句"that require..."较长,汉语习惯将其前置,译为"要求所有食品生产商达到更高质量控制标准的严格规定";第三,现在完成时"has introduced"暗示已实施并产生影响,译为"推出了"比"推出"更准确。 英汉语序对比: - 英语:目的/主题 + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 定语从句(右分支扩展) - 汉语:定语从句前置 + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(左分支扩展) 【参考译文】 为了解决日益增长的食品安全担忧,政府推出了一系列严格的规定,要求所有食品生产商达到更高的质量控制标准。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 不定式主语位置口诀:"to do作主语,句首句末两相宜;句首直接放,句末it先行。"在语法填空中,如果不定式短语较长,通常用it作形式主语(It is...to do);如果较短且需要强调,可以直接放在句首。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第2句 No.2 | 难度系数:★★★☆☆ | 来源:2021年新高考II卷 阅读理解B篇 【原句】 Despite the initial setbacks and unexpected difficulties, the young entrepreneur decided to continue with his innovative project, believing that perseverance would eventually lead to success in the competitive market. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管,虽然。despite + n./doing。例:Despite the rain, we went out. setback /ˈsetbæk/ n. 挫折,阻碍。face/suffer a setback。例:The team faced a major setback. entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ n. 企业家。a young/successful entrepreneur。例:The young entrepreneur started a company. continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 继续。continue to do / continue with。例:He continued to study hard. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 坚持不懈,毅力。show perseverance。例:Perseverance is the key to success. competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 竞争的,有竞争力的。competitive market/advantage。例:The market is highly competitive. 【句子解剖】 [主句] Despite the initial setbacks and unexpected difficulties, the young entrepreneur decided to continue with his innovative project, believing that perseverance would eventually lead to success in the competitive market. ├── 让步状语:Despite the initial setbacks and unexpected difficulties │ ├── 介词:Despite │ └── 并列宾语:the initial setbacks and unexpected difficulties ├── 主语:the young entrepreneur ├── 谓语:decided(及物动词,后接不定式作宾语) ├── 宾语(不定式短语):to continue with his innovative project │ ├── 不定式核心:to continue │ └── 状语:with his innovative project(介词短语) └── 伴随状语(现在分词短语):believing that perseverance would eventually lead to success in the competitive market ├── 现在分词:believing(表伴随状态,与主语是主动关系) └── 宾语从句:that perseverance would eventually lead to success in the competitive market ├── 连词:that(引导宾语从句,可省略) ├── 主语:perseverance ├── 谓语:would eventually lead to(情态动词+副词+短语动词) └── 宾语:success in the competitive market 【语法精讲】 一、不定式作宾语——decide to do 本句的"decided to continue"是"及物动词 + 不定式作宾语"的结构。在英语中,有一类动词后只能接不定式(to do)作宾语,不能接动名词(doing)。 高频后接to do作宾语的动词清单: 动词 含义 例句 decide 决定 He decided to give up. hope 希望 I hope to see you soon. plan 计划 They plan to build a school. manage 设法做成 She managed to finish on time. refuse 拒绝 He refused to apologize. offer 主动提出 She offered to help us. promise 承诺 He promised to return the book. fail 未能 The plan failed to work. tend 倾向于 People tend to forget. pretend 假装 Don't pretend to understand. 二、despite + 名词短语的用法 despite是介词,后接名词或动名词,表示"尽管",相当于in spite of。注意despite不能接从句,如需接从句要用although/though。 介词/连词 后接成分 例句 despite 名词/动名词 Despite the rain, we left. in spite of 名词/动名词 In spite of his age, he kept working. although/though 从句 Although it rained, we left. 三、现在分词短语作伴随状语 "believing that..."是现在分词短语作伴随状语,表示decided的同时伴随的心理状态。现在分词作伴随状语时,逻辑主语是句子的主语(the young entrepreneur),且与主语是主动关系(企业家"相信")。 现在分词作状语的常见类型: 类型 说明 例句 伴随状语(本句) 与谓语同时发生的动作或状态 He sat there, reading a book. 原因状语 说明谓语动作的原因 Being tired, he went to bed early. 结果状语 表示谓语动作的结果 The bus broke down, causing a delay. 时间状语 说明谓语动作的时间 Arriving at the station, he bought a ticket. 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译需注意:第一,"Despite the initial setbacks..."是让步状语,汉语习惯译为"尽管/虽然……"置于句首;第二,"decided to continue with"中的"continue with"表示"继续做",比单纯的"continue to do"更强调持续性;第三,现在分词"believing that..."作为伴随状语,汉语可译为"相信……",在逻辑上隐含因果关系(正因为相信,所以决定继续)。 "lead to"是一个短语动词,意为"导致",在语境中译为"带来"或"取得"更为通顺。 【参考译文】 尽管遇到了最初的挫折和意想不到的困难,这位年轻的企业家还是决定继续他的创新项目,相信坚持不懈最终会在竞争激烈的市场中带来成功。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 不定式作宾语判断口诀:"动词后接to do,意愿计划和决定,希望拒绝与承诺,设法失败与假装。"语法填空中,看到decide/plan/hope/manage等词后括号给动词,必填to do。此外,判断现在分词还是过去分词作状语,看逻辑主语与动词的关系——主动用doing,被动用done。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 17 — 不定式作定语和状语 第3句 No.3 | 难度系数:★★★★☆ | 来源:2021年新高考I卷 阅读理解C篇 【原句】 The ability to adapt to changing circumstances is one of the most important qualities that a person can possess in today's rapidly evolving world, where new challenges emerge on a daily basis. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 ability /əˈbɪləti/ n. 能力。ability to do / have the ability。例:She has the ability to learn fast. adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 适应。adapt to sth. / adapt oneself to。例:Animals adapt to their environment. circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n. 环境,情况。under/in... circumstances。例:Adapt to changing circumstances. possess /pəˈzes/ v. 拥有,具有。possess sth.。例:He possesses a strong sense of justice. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化,发展。evolve from/into。例:The company evolved from a small shop. emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 出现,浮现。emerge from / emerge as。例:New evidence emerged in the case. 【句子解剖】 [主句] The ability to adapt to changing circumstances is one of the most important qualities that a person can possess in today's rapidly evolving world, where new challenges emerge on a daily basis. ├── [主语] 名词短语:The ability to adapt to changing circumstances │ ├── 中心词:The ability │ └── [定语] 不定式短语:to adapt to changing circumstances(修饰ability,说明"什么样的能力") │ ├── 不定式核心:to adapt │ └── 宾语:to changing circumstances(介词短语作adapt的宾语) │ ├── 介词:to(adapt to中的to) │ ├── 定语:changing(现在分词作定语,修饰circumstances) │ └── 中心词:circumstances ├── 系动词:is ├── 表语:one of the most important qualities └── 定语从句①(限制性):that a person can possess in today's rapidly evolving world ├── 关系代词:that(作possess的宾语) ├── 主语:a person ├── 谓语:can possess ├── 状语:in today's rapidly evolving world │ ├── 定语:rapidly evolving(副词+现在分词,修饰world) │ └── 中心词:world └── 定语从句②(非限制性):where new challenges emerge on a daily basis ├── 关系副词:where(在从句中作地点状语,指代world) ├── 主语:new challenges ├── 谓语:emerge └── 状语:on a daily basis(介词短语,表频率) 【语法精讲】 一、不定式作后置定语——修饰抽象名词 不定式作定语时,必须放在被修饰的名词之后,称为"后置定语"。本句中的"the ability to adapt"就是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰ability,说明"适应的能力"。 高考常考接不定式作定语的名词: 名词 含义 搭配 例句 ability 能力 ability to do the ability to adapt(本句) chance 机会 chance to do a chance to travel opportunity 机会 opportunity to do an opportunity to study right 权利 right to do the right to vote way 方法 way to do the best way to solve it attempt 尝试 attempt to do an attempt to escape effort 努力 effort to do an effort to improve decision 决定 decision to do the decision to leave 二、现在分词作前置定语与不定式作后置定语的对比 本句中出现了两种非谓语动词作定语: - "changing circumstances"——现在分词changing作前置定语,修饰circumstances - "the ability to adapt"——不定式短语to adapt作后置定语,修饰ability 对比项 现在分词作前置定语 不定式作后置定语 位置 名词之前 名词之后 含义 表示"正在……的"或"……的" 表示"去……的"或"要……的" 与被修饰词关系 主动关系 动宾/修饰关系 例子 changing world(变化的世界) ability to adapt(适应的能力) 三、限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句 本句包含两个定语从句,用法不同: 类型 引导词 功能 可否省略 翻译 限制性(that...possess) that(作宾语) 限定先行词qualities的范围 不可省略,省略后句意不完整 "一个人所能拥有的……品质" 非限制性(where...emerge) where(关系副词) 补充说明world的情况 可省略,不影响主句句意 "在这个世界里,新的挑战……" 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译的难点在于多层修饰关系的处理。第一层,"The ability to adapt to changing circumstances"中,不定式短语"to adapt to changing circumstances"作后置定语修饰ability,汉语需要将定语前置,译为"适应不断变化的环境的能力";第二层,"in today's rapidly evolving world"中的"rapidly evolving"是副词修饰现在分词作定语,译为"快速变化的";第三层,非限制性定语从句"where new challenges emerge on a daily basis"译为独立分句"在这个世界里,新的挑战每天都在出现"。 英汉差异:英语多用后置定语(不定式、从句),汉语习惯将所有修饰语前置。 【参考译文】 适应不断变化的环境的能力是一个人在当今快速变化的世界中所能拥有的最重要的品质之一,在这个世界里,新的挑战每天都在出现。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 不定式作定语口诀:"名词后面to do跟,后置定语表目的;ability/right/way/decision/chance,见到这些填to do。"语法填空中,在ability/chance/opportunity等抽象名词后括号给动词,几乎必填to do。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第4句 No.4 | 难度系数:★★★☆☆ | 来源:2022年全国乙卷 阅读理解C篇 【原句】 To ensure that all students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive equal opportunities for quality education, the local government has invested heavily in improving school facilities and training qualified teachers. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə/ v. 确保,保证。ensure + that / ensure sb. sth.。例:Please ensure that the door is locked. disadvantaged /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/ adj. 弱势的,贫困的。disadvantaged groups/backgrounds。例:The program helps disadvantaged children. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会。opportunity to do / have the opportunity。例:I had the opportunity to travel abroad. invest /ɪnˈvest/ v. 投资,投入。invest in / invest heavily。例:The company invested in new equipment. facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施,设备。school/sports facilities。例:The school has excellent sports facilities. qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 合格的,有资质的。qualified teachers/workers。例:She is a well-qualified teacher. 【句子解剖】 [主句] To ensure that all students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive equal opportunities for quality education, the local government has invested heavily in improving school facilities and training qualified teachers. ├── [目的状语] 不定式短语:To ensure that all students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive equal opportunities for quality education │ ├── 不定式核心:To ensure │ └── 宾语从句:that all students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive equal opportunities for quality education │ ├── 连词:that(引导宾语从句,不作成分) │ ├── 主语:all students from disadvantaged backgrounds │ │ ├── 中心词:all students │ │ └── 后置定语:from disadvantaged backgrounds(介词短语) │ ├── 谓语:receive │ └── 宾语:equal opportunities for quality education ├── 主语:the local government ├── 谓语:has invested heavily(现在完成时+程度副词) └── 状语(介词短语):in improving school facilities and training qualified teachers ├── 介词:in(invest in的固定搭配) └── 并列宾语(动名词短语): ├── ① improving school facilities │ ├── 动名词核心:improving │ └── 宾语:school facilities └── ② training qualified teachers ├── 动名词核心:training └── 宾语:qualified teachers 【语法精讲】 一、不定式作目的状语——句首位置 本句中"To ensure that..."位于句首,表示"为了确保……",作全句的目的状语。不定式作目的状语是高考最高频的考点之一。 目的状语的四种表达方式: 表达方式 句首位置 句末位置 语体 to do(本句) 可(常见) 可 一般 in order to do 可 可 正式/强调 so as to do 不可 可 较正式 for + 名词 可 可 一般 二、不定式作目的状语与to do其他功能的区分 功能 判断方法 例句 目的状语(本句) 可替换为 in order to To ensure equal opportunities, the government invested. 主语 位于句首,无逗号,谓语动词是系动词 To ensure safety is our duty. 结果状语 常与only连用,表示意外结果 He rushed back, only to find nobody there. 定语 紧跟在抽象名词后 the ability to adapt 三、invest in doing的搭配 "invest in + 名词/动名词"是固定搭配,意为"投资/投入于……"。本句中"invested heavily in improving school facilities and training qualified teachers"是两个并列的动名词短语作介词in的宾语。 in作介词后接动名词的常见搭配: 搭配 含义 举例 invest in doing 投入做某事 invest in building schools succeed in doing 成功做某事 succeed in solving the problem be interested in doing 对做某事感兴趣 be interested in learning English have difficulty in doing 做某事有困难 have difficulty in finding a job spend time in doing 花费时间做某事 spend time in reading books 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译应注意:第一,"To ensure that..."位于句首作目的状语,汉语译为"为了确保……"放在句首,符合汉语表达习惯;第二,"that all students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive equal opportunities for quality education"是that引导的宾语从句,翻译时保持从句的完整语序;第三,"improving school facilities and training qualified teachers"中的两个动名词短语作介词in的宾语,汉语可直接译为"改善学校设施和培训合格教师"。 另外,"invested heavily"中的heavily意为"大量地",译为"大力投入"或"投入大量资金"。 【参考译文】 为了确保所有来自弱势背景的学生都能获得接受优质教育的平等机会,当地政府大力投入资金改善学校设施和培训合格教师。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 不定式目的状语口诀:"to do表目的,in order to更正式;so as to不放句首,后接to do是目的。"语法填空中,句首或句中看到括号给动词,如果表示"为了……"的含义,填to do作目的状语。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 18 — 动名词作主语和宾语 第5句 No.5 | 难度系数:★★★☆☆ | 来源:2020年全国卷III 阅读理解B篇 【原句】 Volunteering in community service projects not only helps those in need but also allows young people to develop essential life skills and gain a deeper understanding of social issues. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ v. 自愿做;志愿。volunteer to do / volunteer for。例:Many people volunteer to help others. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区,社会。community service / community center。例:The whole community supported the plan. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 基本的,必要的。essential for/to。例:Water is essential for life. gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得,增加。gain experience/knowledge。例:She gained valuable experience. understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. 理解,了解。understanding of / deepen understanding。例:We need a better understanding of the problem. issue /ˈɪʃuː/ n. 问题,议题。social/environmental issues。例:The issue was discussed at the meeting. 【句子解剖】 [主句] Volunteering in community service projects not only helps those in need but also allows young people to develop essential life skills and gain a deeper understanding of social issues. ├── [主语] 动名词短语:Volunteering in community service projects │ ├── 动名词核心:Volunteering(由动词volunteer转化而来,保留动词特征) │ ├── 状语:in community service projects(介词短语,修饰volunteering) │ └── 语法说明:动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数 ├── 并列谓语①:not only helps those in need │ ├── 谓语:helps │ └── 宾语:those in need │ ├── 中心词:those(代词,指代"那些人") │ └── 后置定语:in need(介词短语作定语) ├── 并列连词:not only...but also...(不仅……而且……) └── 并列谓语②:allows young people to develop essential life skills and gain a deeper understanding of social issues ├── 谓语:allows ├── 宾语:young people └── 宾补(不定式短语):to develop essential life skills and (to) gain a deeper understanding of social issues ├── 不定式核心①:to develop │ └── 宾语:essential life skills ├── 并列连词:and(连接两个并列的不定式) ├── 不定式核心②:(to) gain(省略to,并列不定式常省略第二个to) └── 宾语:a deeper understanding of social issues ├── 定语:deeper(比较级形容词) ├── 中心词:understanding └── 后置定语:of social issues(介词短语) 【语法精讲】 一、动名词作主语的三条核心规则 1. 谓语动词用单数:动名词短语作主语视为一个整体,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 - Volunteering helps... ✓ - ~~Volunteering help...~~ ✗ 2. 表示泛指/抽象/习惯性动作:动名词作主语通常表示一类行为或概念。 - Volunteering is rewarding.(泛指"志愿服务"这件事) - To volunteer this weekend is our plan.(特指"这周末去志愿"这个具体计划) 3. 可以带宾语和状语:动名词保留了动词的特征,可以带宾语和状语。 - Volunteering in community service projects(状语+动名词+宾语) 二、动名词作主语 vs 不定式作主语 对比项 动名词作主语 不定式作主语 动作性质 抽象、一般、习惯性 具体、特定、一次性 语体色彩 自然、口语化 较正式 例句 Swimming is my hobby.(泛指游泳) To swim across the river needs courage.(特指这次横渡) 句首位置 常见 常见 it形式主语 仅限固定句型(It's no use doing) 常见(It is + adj. + to do) 三、not only...but also...的平行结构 not only...but also...连接两个平行成分时,前后结构必须保持一致。本句中连接的是两个并列的谓语部分: 连接类型 例句 连接谓语(本句) not only helps... but also allows... 连接主语 Not only the teacher but also the students agree. 连接宾语 He likes not only English but also math. 连接状语 She works not only carefully but also efficiently. 四、allow sb. to do结构 "allows young people to develop"中的allow sb. to do是"动词+宾语+不定式"结构,不定式作宾语补足语。 同类动词:allow / permit / enable / encourage / persuade / advise + sb. + to do 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译注意:第一,"Volunteering in community service projects"是动名词短语作主语,汉语直接译为"在社区服务项目中做志愿工作"或简化为"参与社区志愿服务";第二,"not only...but also..."结构译为"不仅……而且……",保持汉语的平行结构;第三,"those in need"中的"in need"是介词短语作定语修饰those,译为"需要帮助的人"或"有需要的人";第四,"allow young people to develop..."中的allow译为"让/使……能够……"。 【参考译文】 参与社区志愿服务项目不仅帮助了有需要的人,也让年轻人能够培养基本的生活技能,并加深对社会问题的理解。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 动名词作主语口诀:"动名主语是单数,谓语动词用三单;泛指习惯用doing,具体一次性to do。"语法填空中,句首括号给动词,如果表示泛指/习惯性的行为,填doing;如果表示具体/一次性的行为,考虑填to do。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第6句 No.6 | 难度系数:★★★☆☆ | 来源:2021年全国甲卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The researchers recommended conducting further studies on the long-term effects of the new drug before approving its widespread use among patients suffering from the disease. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐,建议。recommend doing / recommend sb. to do。例:I recommend reading this book. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行,实施。conduct a study/experiment。例:The team conducted a survey. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响,效果。have an effect on / side effects。例:This medicine has side effects. approve /əˈpruːv/ v. 批准,赞同。approve of / approve doing。例:The plan was approved by the committee. widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广泛的,普遍的。widespread use/concern。例:There is widespread support for the new policy. suffer /ˈsʌfə/ v. 遭受,受苦。suffer from / suffer pain。例:Many people suffer from stress. 【句子解剖】 [主句] The researchers recommended conducting further studies on the long-term effects of the new drug before approving its widespread use among patients suffering from the disease. ├── 主语:The researchers ├── 谓语:recommended(及物动词,后接动名词作宾语) ├── 宾语(动名词短语):conducting further studies on the long-term effects of the new drug │ ├── 动名词核心:conducting │ └── 宾语:further studies on the long-term effects of the new drug │ ├── 中心词:further studies │ └── 后置定语:on the long-term effects of the new drug(介词短语) └── 时间状语(介词短语):before approving its widespread use among patients suffering from the disease ├── 介词:before("在……之前") └── 宾语(动名词短语):approving its widespread use among patients suffering from the disease ├── 动名词核心:approving └── 宾语:its widespread use among patients suffering from the disease ├── 中心词:its widespread use └── 后置定语:among patients suffering from the disease(介词短语) ├── 中心词:patients └── 定语(现在分词短语):suffering from the disease(修饰patients) ├── 现在分词:suffering(与patients是主动关系) └── 宾语:from the disease(suffer from的固定搭配) 【语法精讲】 一、动名词作宾语——recommend + doing recommend(建议)后接动名词(doing)作宾语,不能接不定式。这是高考语法填空的常考点。 只能接动名词作宾语的常考动词(按考频排序): 动词 含义 搭配 例句 recommend 建议 recommend doing Dr. Smith recommended exercising regularly. suggest 建议 suggest doing He suggested waiting for better weather. avoid 避免 avoid doing You should avoid making the same mistake. finish 完成 finish doing Have you finished reading the book? enjoy 享受 enjoy doing She enjoys playing the piano. mind 介意 mind doing Do you mind opening the window? practice 练习 practice doing You need to practice speaking English. admit 承认 admit doing He admitted making a mistake. consider 考虑 consider doing I'm considering changing my job. escape 逃脱 escape doing He escaped being punished. 记忆口诀:"建议避免与完成(suggest/avoid/finish),喜欢介意思考中(enjoy/mind/consider),承认练习与逃脱(admit/practice/escape),后跟doing别用to。" 二、介词+动名词(before doing) "before approving"中,before是介词,后接动名词approving作宾语。英语中介词后必须接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形。 介词 + 动名词 例句 before before doing Before leaving, check the door. after after doing After finishing homework, he watched TV. without without doing He left without saying goodbye. by by doing You can improve by practicing every day. for for doing He was praised for saving the child. of of doing the importance of learning English 三、现在分词短语作后置定语(suffering from) "suffering from the disease"是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰patients,相当于定语从句"who suffer from the disease"。 现在分词作后置定语与定语从句的转换: 形式 例句 说明 现在分词(本句) patients suffering from the disease 简化形式,与名词是主动关系 定语从句 patients who suffer from the disease 完整形式,含明确时态和主语 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译注意:第一,"recommended conducting"中的"recommend + doing"译为"建议进行……";第二,"further studies on the long-term effects of the new drug"中多个of结构表示所属关系,汉语翻译需要理清修饰层次,译为"关于该药物长期影响的进一步研究";第三,"before approving its widespread use"中的before是介词,后接动名词,汉语译为"在批准其广泛使用之前";第四,"patients suffering from the disease"中现在分词作定语,译为"患有该疾病的患者"。 【参考译文】 研究人员建议在批准该药物在患有该疾病的患者中广泛使用之前,先对其长期影响进行进一步研究。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 动名词作宾语口诀:"建议避免与完成,喜欢介意考虑中;承认练习与逃脱,介词之后也doing。"语法填空中,看到recommend/suggest/enjoy/finish等词后括号给动词,填doing;看到介词后括号给动词,也填doing。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 19 — 动名词的复合结构和逻辑主语 第7句 No.7 | 难度系数:★★★★☆ | 来源:2018年全国卷I 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The scientist's insisting on repeating the experiment several times to verify the results eventually led to a major breakthrough that changed the way researchers approached the problem. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持,坚决认为。insist on doing / insist that。例:He insisted on paying for dinner. repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复,反复做。repeat sth. / repeat the process。例:Please repeat the question. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v. 验证,核实。verify the results/data。例:We need to verify the information. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破,重大发现。make a breakthrough。例:This is a major breakthrough in science. eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ adv. 最终,终于。eventually + 动词。例:He eventually passed the exam. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v./n. 接近;方法,处理。approach a problem / a new approach to。例:We need to approach the issue differently. 【句子解剖】 [主句] The scientist's insisting on repeating the experiment several times to verify the results eventually led to a major breakthrough that changed the way researchers approached the problem. ├── [主语] 动名词的复合结构:The scientist's insisting on repeating the experiment several times to verify the results │ ├── 逻辑主语:The scientist's(名词所有格,指明insisting的动作发出者) │ ├── 动名词核心:insisting │ └── 状语:on repeating the experiment several times to verify the results(介词短语,修饰insisting) │ ├── 介词:on(insist on的固定搭配) │ └── 宾语(动名词短语):repeating the experiment several times to verify the results │ ├── 动名词核心:repeating │ ├── 宾语:the experiment │ ├── 状语:several times(频度状语) │ └── 目的状语(不定式短语):to verify the results │ ├── 不定式核心:to verify │ └── 宾语:the results ├── 谓语:led to(短语动词,过去式,意为"导致") │ └── 状语:eventually(副词,修饰led to,表示"最终") └── 宾语:a major breakthrough └── 定语从句:that changed the way researchers approached the problem ├── 关系代词:that(指代breakthrough,在从句中作主语) ├── 谓语:changed └── 宾语:the way (that/in which) researchers approached the problem ├── 中心词:the way(方式) └── 定语从句(省略关系词):(that/in which) researchers approached the problem 【语法精讲】 一、动名词的复合结构——逻辑主语问题 当动名词的动作发出者(逻辑主语)与句子主语不一致时,需要带上自己的逻辑主语,这就是动名词的复合结构。 本句"The scientist's insisting"中: - 逻辑主语 = The scientist's("科学家"是"坚持"这个动作的发出者) - 动名词 = insisting - 整个复合结构作主句的主语 为什么需要复合结构? - 简单动名词:Insisting on repeating the experiment...(没有指明是谁insisting) - 复合结构:The scientist's insisting...(明确是"科学家"在坚持) 二、逻辑主语的两种形式 形式 结构 语体 例句 所有格(本句) one's + doing 正式/书面(高考常考) The scientist's insisting... 宾格/普通格 sb. + doing 口语/非正式 The scientist insisting... 逻辑主语类型与所有格变化: 逻辑主语类型 正式语体 例句 代词 my/his/her/its/your/their His coming late surprised us. 单数名词 name's/Tom's Tom's being late made us angry. 复数名词 students'/teachers' The students' being late... 无生命名词 通常不用所有格 the door being opened... 三、insist on doing的搭配 insist on + 动名词,表示"坚持做某事"。类似需要介词+动名词的短语还有: 短语 含义 例句 insist on doing 坚持做 He insisted on paying. persist in doing 坚持做 She persisted in learning. succeed in doing 成功做 They succeeded in finishing the project. dream of doing 梦想做 He dreams of becoming a scientist. think of doing 考虑做 I'm thinking of changing my job. 四、多层从句嵌套关系 本句包含嵌套的定语从句: 1. 第一层:that changed the way(修饰breakthrough) 2. 第二层:(that/in which) researchers approached the problem(修饰the way,省略了关系词) 注意:当先行词是the way时,后面的定语从句可以用that/in which引导,也可以省略关系词。 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译的难点在于动名词复合结构"The scientist's insisting on..."的处理。英语用所有格The scientist's来明确逻辑主语,汉语中则不需要这样的语法标记,直接用"科学家"即可。 其次,"led to a major breakthrough"中的lead to是短语动词,cause-and-effect关系,译为"导致/带来了重大突破"。但汉语中"导致"略带负面含义,此处用"带来"或"取得"更自然。 另外,"insisting on repeating the experiment several times to verify the results"内部嵌套较多,需要理清层次:insisting的内容是on repeating(坚持重复实验),而to verify the results是repeating的目的(为了验证结果)。 【参考译文】 这位科学家坚持多次重复实验以验证结果,最终带来了一个重大突破,改变了研究人员处理这个问题的方式。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 动名词复合结构口诀:"逻辑主语若不同,所有格加doing最常用;名词所有格Tom's,代词用his/her/my。"语法填空中,如果动名词前有所有格/物主代词给动词,填doing。注意:逻辑主语是名词时用所有格(Tom's/scientist's),是代词时用物主代词(his/her/my)。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第8句 No.8 | 难度系数:★★★★☆ | 来源:2019年全国卷II 阅读理解C篇 【原句】 The possibility of the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project has caused widespread concern among historians, who are calling for immediate action to protect the cultural heritage site. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 possibility /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/ n. 可能性。possibility of / there is a possibility that。例:There is a possibility of rain. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古老的,古代的。ancient temple/civilization。例:This is an ancient building. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v./n. 损坏,破坏。damage sth. / cause damage to。例:The storm damaged many houses. widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广泛的,普遍的。widespread concern/support。例:The issue caused widespread concern. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担忧,关切。express concern / cause concern。例:There is growing concern about pollution. heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产。cultural heritage / natural heritage。例:We must protect our cultural heritage. 【句子解剖】 [主句] The possibility of the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project has caused widespread concern among historians, who are calling for immediate action to protect the cultural heritage site. ├── [主语] 名词短语:The possibility of the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project │ ├── 中心词:The possibility │ └── 后置定语:of the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project │ ├── 介词:of │ └── 介词宾语(动名词复合结构被动式):the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project │ ├── 逻辑主语:the ancient temple(是damage的承受者) │ ├── [被动式] 动名词被动式:being damaged("被破坏") │ └── 动作发出者:by the construction project(引出施动者) ├── 谓语:has caused(现在完成时,表示已造成影响) ├── 宾语:widespread concern among historians │ ├── 中心词:widespread concern │ └── 后置定语:among historians(介词短语修饰concern) └── 非限制性定语从句:who are calling for immediate action to protect the cultural heritage site ├── 关系代词:who(指代historians,在从句中作主语) ├── 谓语:are calling for(现在进行时+短语动词) ├── 宾语:immediate action └── 目的状语(不定式短语):to protect the cultural heritage site ├── 不定式核心:to protect └── 宾语:the cultural heritage site 【语法精讲】 一、动名词的被动式(being done) 当动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,需要用被动式。本句中"the ancient temple being damaged"——古代寺庙是"被破坏"的,所以用being damaged。 动名词的时态和语态变化: 时态 主动形式 被动形式 例句(主动→被动) 一般式 doing being done seeing → being seen 完成式 having done having been done having written → having been written 二、"of + 名词 + being done"结构——介词后的动名词复合结构 "of the ancient temple being damaged"是一个完整的结构: - of(介词)→ 后接整个动名词复合结构作宾语 - the ancient temple(逻辑主语)→ 名词普通格(无生命名词不用所有格) - being damaged(动名词被动式)→ 表示"被破坏" of + 动名词复合结构的常见类型: 功能 结构 例句 修饰名词(本句) the possibility of + n. + being done the possibility of the temple being damaged 修饰名词(主动) the chance of + n. + doing the chance of him winning 修饰名词(完成) the possibility of + n. + having been done the possibility of the letter having been lost 三、逻辑主语为无生命名词时的处理 本句中"the ancient temple"(古代寺庙)是无生命名词,作动名词的逻辑主语时,通常不使用所有格(不用the ancient temple's),直接使用普通格。 逻辑主语类型 正式语体 非正式语体 有生命代词 his/her/my/your + doing him/her/me/you + doing 有生命单数名词 scientist's/Tom's + doing scientist/Tom + doing 无生命名词(本句) the temple + being done(不用所有格) 同上 四、非限制性定语从句(who are calling for) "who are calling for immediate action"是非限制性定语从句,补充说明historians的情况。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开,去掉后不影响主句的完整性。 注意"call for"意为"呼吁/要求",是短语动词,在写作中高频使用。 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译的关键是"the possibility of the ancient temple being damaged by the construction project"的处理。英语中"名词 + of + 名词 + being done"的结构,汉语需要转换语序:将逻辑主语"古代寺庙"提前,被动式"being damaged"译为"遭到破坏",整体译为"古代寺庙被该建设项目破坏的可能性"。 另外,非限制性定语从句"who are calling for immediate action to protect the cultural heritage site"可译为独立分句,以保持汉语的简洁流畅。 【参考译文】 古代寺庙被该建设项目破坏的可能性引起了历史学家的广泛担忧,他们正在呼吁立即采取行动保护这一文化遗产。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 动名词被动式判断口诀:"介词之后给动词,主被动先来判断;逻辑主语是承受者,being done不能忘。"看到of/at/about等介词后括号给动词,如果逻辑主语与动词是被动关系(被做),填being done;如果是主动关系(做),填doing。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 20 — 不定式与动名词的区别 第9句 No.9 | 难度系数:★★★★☆ | 来源:2020年浙江卷 阅读理解A篇 【原句】 I clearly remember visiting the museum when I was a child, but I forgot to check the opening hours before we set out, so we ended up waiting outside for nearly an hour. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地,清晰地。clearly remember/see。例:I clearly remember the event. museum /mjuˈziːəm/ n. 博物馆。visit a museum / in the museum。例:The museum opens at 9 am. check /tʃek/ v. 检查,核实。check sth. / check whether。例:Please check your answers carefully. opening hours /ˈəʊpənɪŋ ˈaʊəz/ n. 开放时间。during opening hours / check opening hours。例:What are the museum's opening hours? set out /set aʊt/ phr. 出发,动身。set out for / set out to do。例:They set out early in the morning. end up /end ʌp/ phr. 最终处于,结果。end up doing / end up + adj.。例:He ended up becoming a teacher. 【句子解剖】 [主句] I clearly remember visiting the museum when I was a child, but I forgot to check the opening hours before we set out, so we ended up waiting outside for nearly an hour. ├── 并列分句①:I clearly remember visiting the museum when I was a child │ ├── 主语:I │ ├── 状语:clearly(副词,修饰remember) │ ├── 谓语:remember(及物动词,后接动名词作宾语) │ ├── 宾语(动名词短语):visiting the museum("记得去过"——动作已发生) │ │ ├── 动名词核心:visiting │ │ └── 宾语:the museum │ └── 时间状语从句:when I was a child │ ├── 连词:when │ ├── 主语:I │ └── 系表结构:was a child ├── 并列连词:but(表转折) ├── 并列分句②:I forgot to check the opening hours before we set out │ ├── 主语:I │ ├── 谓语:forgot(及物动词,后接不定式作宾语) │ ├── 宾语(不定式短语):to check the opening hours("忘记去查"——动作未发生) │ │ ├── 不定式核心:to check │ │ └── 宾语:the opening hours │ └── 时间状语从句:before we set out │ ├── 连词:before(在……之前) │ ├── 主语:we │ └── 谓语:set out(短语动词) └── 并列连词:so(表结果) └── 并列分句③:we ended up waiting outside for nearly an hour ├── 主语:we ├── 谓语:ended up(短语动词,后接动名词作宾语) ├── 宾语(动名词):waiting └── 状语:outside for nearly an hour(地点+时间) 【语法精讲】 一、remember/forget/regret + to do vs doing——高考五星级考点 这三组动词后接to do和doing含义完全不同,是高考的必考内容。 完整对比表: 动词 + to do 含义 动作时间 + doing 含义 动作时间 remember(本句①) 记得要去做 未发生 记得做过 已发生 forget(本句②) 忘记要去做 未发生 忘记做过 已发生 regret 遗憾要去做 未发生 后悔做过 已发生 本句两个核心用法分析: 1. "remember visiting"——"记得去参观过" - visit的动作已发生(在小时候) - remember + doing → 记得做过某事 - 时间关系:visiting发生在remember之前 2. "forgot to check"——"忘记去核实" - check的动作未发生(没有查到开放时间) - forget + to do → 忘记要去做某事 - 时间关系:check在forgot之后(本来要做但没做) 经典对比句型: 动词 + to do(要做→未做) + doing(做过→已发生) remember Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。 I remember locking the door. 我记得锁了门。 forget Don't forget to bring money. 别忘了带钱。 I forgot bringing money. 我忘了带过钱了。 regret I regret to inform you... 我遗憾通知你…… I regret telling him. 我后悔告诉了他。 解题技巧: 看到remember/forget/regret + 空(给动词),先判断该动作是否已经发生—— - 动作已发生 → 填doing - 动作未发生 → 填to do 二、end up doing(最终做某事) "ended up waiting"中的"end up doing"是固定搭配,表示"最终做了某事(通常是意外或无奈的结果)"。 类似后接动名词的短语动词: 短语 含义 例句 end up doing 最终做 We ended up staying at home. give up doing 放弃做 He gave up smoking. put off doing 推迟做 Don't put off doing your homework. keep on doing 继续做 She kept on asking questions. feel like doing 想要做 I feel like eating ice cream. 三、并列句中的三个分句 本句是由but和so连接的三个并列分句,构成"回忆→转折→结果"的逻辑链条: 分句1(回忆):清楚地记得去参观过(positive) ↓ but(转折) 分句2(失误):忘了查开放时间(negative) ↓ so(因果) 分句3(结果):结果等了一个小时(consequence) 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译的关键是处理好remember和forget后接不同形式的含义区别。"remember visiting"译为"记得去参观过"(已发生),"forgot to check"译为"忘了查/忘了核实"(未发生)。汉语中"忘了查"本身就隐含了"查"这个动作没有发生,正好对应英语的forget to do。 "ended up waiting outside for nearly an hour"中的"end up doing"表示意外的结果,译为"结果在外面等了将近一个小时",比直译"最终在外面等待"更自然。 【参考译文】 我清楚地记得小时候去参观过那个博物馆,但出发前我忘了核实开放时间,结果我们在外面等了将近一个小时。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ remember/forget/regret三词终极口诀:"doing表已做都过去,to do表要做还没动;记得做过remember doing,记得要做remember to do。"语法填空中,看到这三个动词,先判断动作是否已发生——这是唯一的判定标准! —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第10句 No.10 | 难度系数:★★★★☆ | 来源:2019年天津卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The scientist meant to conduct the experiment under strictly controlled conditions, but the unexpected equipment failure forced him to try a different method, which ultimately produced even more remarkable results. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行,实施。conduct an experiment/study。例:The team conducted a survey. strictly /ˈstrɪktli/ adv. 严格地。strictly controlled/forbidden。例:Smoking is strictly prohibited. controlled /kənˈtrəʊld/ adj. 受控制的,受管控的。controlled conditions/experiment。例:The experiment was done in a controlled environment. failure /ˈfeɪljə/ n. 失败,故障。equipment failure / end in failure。例:The plan ended in failure. method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法。a method of/for / adopt a method。例:We need to find a better method. remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ adj. 显著的,非凡的。remarkable results/achievement。例:She made remarkable progress. 【句子解剖】 [主句] The scientist meant to conduct the experiment under strictly controlled conditions, but the unexpected equipment failure forced him to try a different method, which ultimately produced even more remarkable results. ├── 并列分句①:The scientist meant to conduct the experiment under strictly controlled conditions │ ├── 主语:The scientist │ ├── 谓语:meant(及物动词,后接不定式作宾语,意为"打算") │ └── 宾语(不定式短语):to conduct the experiment under strictly controlled conditions │ ├── 不定式核心:to conduct │ ├── 宾语:the experiment │ └── 状语:under strictly controlled conditions(介词短语) │ ├── 中心词:conditions │ └── 定语:strictly controlled(副词+过去分词作定语) ├── 并列连词:but(表转折) ├── 并列分句②:the unexpected equipment failure forced him to try a different method │ ├── 主语:the unexpected equipment failure │ │ ├── 中心词:failure │ │ └── 定语:unexpected(形容词)和equipment(名词作定语) │ ├── 谓语:forced(及物动词,后接"宾语+不定式") │ ├── 宾语:him │ └── 宾补(不定式短语):to try a different method │ ├── 不定式核心:to try │ └── 宾语:a different method └── 非限制性定语从句:which ultimately produced even more remarkable results ├── 关系代词:which(指代a different method,在从句中作主语) ├── 状语:ultimately(副词,修饰produced) ├── 谓语:produced └── 宾语:even more remarkable results 【语法精讲】 一、mean + to do vs mean + doing——高考核心易混点 本句中"meant to conduct"是"mean + to do"结构,意为"打算做某事"。 mean的两种用法完整对比: 形式 含义 主语特征 例句 mean + to do(本句) 打算/故意做某事 通常是有生命的人 She meant to call you. mean + doing 意味着做某事 通常是事物/行为 Success means working hard. 对比测试: - I meant to help you.(我本打算帮你。——主观意图) - This means helping others.(这意味着帮助他人。——客观结果) 二、force sb. to do(迫使某人做某事) "forced him to try"是"force + 宾语 + to do"结构,不定式作宾语补足语。 常见接"宾语 + to do"的动词: 动词 结构 含义 force force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事 cause cause sb. to do 导致某人做某事 allow allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事 enable enable sb. to do 使某人能够做某事 persuade persuade sb. to do 说服某人做某事 require require sb. to do 要求某人做某事 三、try + to do与try + doing的区别 本句中的"to try a different method"是force sb. to do结构中的不定式,不是独立的"try to do"用法。但为了完整学习,对比try的两种用法: 形式 含义 例句 try + to do 尽力/努力去做 I tried to lift the box, but it was too heavy. try + doing 尝试做(看效果) Try adding some salt, and it will taste better. 四、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 本句中的"which ultimately produced even more remarkable results"是非限制性定语从句,修饰a different method。 类型 形式 功能 翻译 限制性 无逗号 限定先行词的范围,不可省略 "一种……的方法" 非限制性(本句) 有逗号 补充说明,可省略 "这种方法……" 【翻译技巧】 本句翻译需注意:第一,"meant to conduct"译为"原本打算/计划进行"——注意"meant to do"强调"本意/原本打算",与后来真实发生的情况形成对比;第二,"forced him to try"中的"force sb. to do"译为"迫使他去采用",体现被动和无奈的含义;第三,非限制性定语从句"which ultimately produced even more remarkable results"译为独立分句"这一方法最终产生了甚至更显著的结果"。 "under strictly controlled conditions"中的"strictly controlled"是副词+过去分词,译为"严格受控制的"。 【参考译文】 这位科学家原本打算在严格受控制的条件下进行实验,但意外的设备故障迫使他尝试了另一种方法,这一方法最终产生了甚至更加显著的结果。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ mean/try/stop/go on四动词终极对比表: 动词 + to do + doing mean 打算做(主观意图) 意味着(客观结果) try 尽力做(努力) 尝试做(看看效果) stop 停下来去做另一事 停止正在做的事 go on 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事 填空中看到这些动词,先判断主语是否是有生命的人、是否表达主观意图——人+打算→mean to do;事物+结果→mean doing。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 本阶段复习要点 考点 不定式(to do) 动名词(doing) 作主语 To do + 谓语单数 / It is + adj. + to do Doing + 谓语单数(泛指动作) 作宾语 decide/hope/plan/manage + to do recommend/enjoy/finish/avoid + doing 作定语 抽象名词 + to do(后置定语) a swimming pool(复合名词)/现在分词作定语 作状语 目的状语(to do / in order to do) 伴随状语(现在分词短语) 被动式 to be done being done 完成式 to have done having done 逻辑主语 for/of sb. + to do one's + doing(名词所有格/物主代词) 常考易混动词总结(高考五星级考点): 动词 + to do 含义 + doing 含义 remember 记得要去做 记得做过 forget 忘记要去做 忘记做过 regret 遗憾要做 后悔做过 stop 停下来去做 停止做 mean 打算做 意味着 go on 接着做另一件 继续做同一件 try 尽力做 尝试做 核心规律:to do通常与"未来/目的/具体"有关,doing通常与"过去/习惯/抽象"有关。抓住这个规律,就能理解大多数非谓语动词的用法区别。本单元10个长难句均选自近年高考阅读理解真题,建议反复朗读直至熟记,在真实语境中巩固非谓语动词的知识点。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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