必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope-【衡中学案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习学案（外研版）

Unit 6 Disaster and hope (主题语境类型：人与自然；话题：自然灾害及其防范和应对措施；话题涉及教材其他内容：选择性 必修第二册Unit6 Survival) 晨背短文·语境记词 根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000+词！（黑体部分是本单元词汇)。 Every summer is a high time for natural 1. (disaster),such as typhoons,2. (飓 )floods,heavy rains,landslides and so on.It has been 3. exceptional)hot in many cities this summer,with temperatures plus 38 degrees Celsius,and the heat 4. forecast)to last for three weeks. Many experts immediately gave 5. (rely)explanations for the eruption of these extreme weather events.6. is announced that extreme weather 7. (occur)mainly due to global warming, 8 brings 9. (很大的危机)to people..10. (compare)to the heat,the heavy rain in Zhengzhou in the summer of 2021 seriously 11. (threaten)people's lives and property. Thanks to the timely rescue of the government and citizens,many people were saved.12. (要不 然)，this emergency13. (bring)unimaginable harm to people. 146 14 the face of natural disasters,we should take the following practical measures 15 (protect)ourselves.Firstly,stay in the 16. (庇护处)as much as possible.Secondly,make sure you have 17. （充足的食物)，water,and so on.Finally,be optimistic and brave,so that you can overcome the unacceptable things. 备知识·巧记活用 1 词汇分类巧记 12.helicopter n. 13.mosquito n. I.阅读词汇一我会认 14.county n. 1.tube n. 15.property n. 2.plus adj. Ⅱ.重点单词一我会写 3.hurricane n. 、1 n.灾难，灾祸 4.landslide n. 2. u.发生 5.tsunami n. 3. u.预测，预报 6.typhoon n. 4. x.攫取，抓住 7.blizzard n. 5: v.营救，解救 8.avalanche n. 6. n.紧急情况，不测事件 9.satellite n. 7 .(战争、事故等)夺去（生命） 10.billion num. 8 n.危机 11.lap n. 9. ad.什么地方都不，无处 6. u.威胁到，危及→ n.威胁，可 10. ad.否则，要不然 能会带来危险的人（事）》 11. n.子夜，午夜 7 ad.精确地，准确地→ 12. ad.足够的，充足的 ad.精确的，准确的 单词拼写 [语境话用]一用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·全国I卷)Similar campaigns (发生）in Australia in the late1960sand1970sas 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇。 well. 1.You can on Tom to rescue you,because he 2.(2025·全国I卷)As the customer (抓 is a person.(rely) the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,2.Some wild animals are endangered and their habitats “Hello,how is your day?” have been too.Thus,only when we 3.(2025·全国I卷)Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop person I might not (要不然)have being a to them.threat) encountered. 3.The with a wrinkled forehead 4.(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an the result,but the made me shocked. ending that's unpredictable,but doesn't seem to announce) come from (无处)，one that fits what's action to help the right for the characters. 4.The government took 147 5.(2023·渐江卷)Most trains operate just once a day injured and the newspaper sent some reporters to and some run only three times a week,so missing cover the disaster it happened. yours can be a (灾难). (immediate) 6.Her pet transport job was born of the financial 5.My brother is always There aren't any (危机)in the late2000s. boys going out to do that thing him.He is 7.It was with the help of the local guide that the totally an (except) mountain climber was (营救) 8.So far the earthquake has (夺去)over 6.Enough lava from the volcano and this 3.000 lives. buried the entire village.(erupt) Ⅲ.拓展单词—我会变 W.重点短语一我牢记 公.（火山)爆发，喷发→ n.火山1. 还没有 爆发；（战争等）爆发 2. 拾起，捡起，拿起；学会 ad.即刻，马上prep. 一…就→3. 到达… ad山.立即的，立刻的 4. 浏览 3 n.通告，公告→ t.宣 5. 毕竟，终究 布；通告→ n.播音员；广播员 6. 突然，猛地 ad.可信赖的，可靠的→ i.依 靠；依赖 7. 落下，降落 ad.极其，非常→ 8 prep. 在户外 除…之外co.除了，只是→ n.例外9. 向上看；查阅 a.非凡的；不同寻常的；杰出的10 前进 [语境活用]—选用上述短语填空 ⑥foresight n.先见之明，远见 1.There is no need for you to feel sorry about it. 3 经典句式诵读 it's not your fault. 2 the test papers before they are 1.When it hit the coast,huge tidal waves caused severe handed in flood,costing the lives of up to 300,000 citizens. 3.I was caught in the traffic jam and I was afraid I 当它袭击海岸时，巨大的海啸引起了严重的洪水， couldn't the party on time. 造成了多达30万市民死亡。 4.On his way to the airport,it hit him 【考点凝练】现在分词短语作结果状语 that he had forgotten his passport. 2.I was sitting in my room with my cat,Smartie,on 5.The thieves broke into many houses while people in this my lap,when the roof just flew off. village were celebrating the festival 我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上， 己词汇拓展记忆 这时屋顶飞走了。 【考点凝练】be doing..when. 1.“发生”词汇集锦 3.But Mom said that whatever happens,we should ①arise u.发生；出现 always try to see the good side of things. ②occur v.出现；发生 但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力 ③happen v.(偶然)发生 看到事情好的一面。 ④take place产生，发生 【考点凝练】让步状语从句 ⑤come about产生，发生 [语境活用]—经典句式仿写 ⑥break out突然发生 1.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被 2.“数字”拾零 反射回太空中去，使地球变得寒冷，并且不可能在 ①dozen十二；一打 上面生存。（现在分词短语作结果状语） ②score二十 Without these naturally occurring gases,the sun's ③hundred百 rays would bounce back into space ④thousand千 ⑤million百万 2.他正在修他的自行车，这时他听到有东西正在靠 ⑥billion十亿 近他。(be doing..when..) 3.fore-前缀表示“预见的；前部的” He he heard ①forecast n.&u.预测，预报 something was approaching him ②foresee u.预见，预知 3.不管是什么，结果都是对最纯正的中亚传统的精 ③foretellv.预言，预测 妙生动的描述。(whatever) ④forehead n.前额 the result is a fine and vivid ⑤foreword n.前言，序 description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 核心考点·#练提升 核心词汇 It occurs/occurred to sb..that../todo.·.某人突然 想起… 1.occur vi.发生；存在；出现；（想法）产生 ·occurrence n.出现；发生；事件 基础练习·单句语法填空 联想发散表示“某人突然想起…”的句式还有： (1 )Sometimes even routine occur) sth.strike/hit sb.,sb.hit/strike on sth.,sth.come to become sources of pre-anger,or anger itself. (2)Now it occurred to him his other important sb.,sth.come into one's mind等。 property is more important than a cow 能力提升·句式写作诵读 (3)We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution(4)It occurred to me that I should go to attend a that (occur)billions of years ago meeting when I was about to go home. 归纳拓展 ·sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事；某 →It occurred to me a meeting 人发生某事 when I was about to go home 子们严重依赖父母。（写作话题之家庭生活）》 2.announcement.通知，宣布 Nowadays parents have done everything for their 基础练习·单句语法填空 only child. (1)First announce)in April,2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more (6)你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮助你。 than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help ①You can when you are reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). in trouble. when (2)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library ②You can you are in trouble. announce)on your social media. ③You can when you are (3)He announced her the good news of his in trouble. going abroad. 归纳拓展 4.rescue.&h.营救；拯救；救援 ·make an announcement下通知，宣布 基础练习·单句语法填空 ·announce v.宣布，宣告，通知；声称；预示 (1 )We often hear stories of animals announce sth.tosb.=announce to sb.sth.向某人 (rescue)people when a disaster occurs. 宣布某事 (2)The lifeboat rescued the sailors the sinking It is announced that...据称，据宣布… boat. 能力提升·句式写作诵读 (3)Many parents couldn't hold back their tears when a (4)(普通表达)The government has announced plans (rescue)carried a teenage girl out of the to create 10,000 new jobs ruins 149 (高级表达) the 归纳拓展 government will plan to create 10,000 new jobs.(it ·rescue sb./sth.from sth.从…中营救… 作形式主语) go/come to one's rescue去/来救某人 ·rescuer n.营救人员 3.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依赖的，可靠的 能力提升·句式写作诵读 基础练习·单句语法填空 (4)The child who was rescued just now is being sent to (1)Earthquakes can be destructive.Unfortunately,we the nearest hospital. →The child is being sent to the don't have a (rely）way to predict. nearest hospital.(用非谓语动词改写) (2)To be honest,he is not a man who can (5)那个23岁女孩的尖叫声引来了一位路人前去 (rely)on 营救。 (3)Many people now would rely on surf The 23-year-old girl's screams alerted a passer-by the Internet rather than read newspaper for news. who (4)I rely on him everything;he's my right arm. 归纳拓展 5.threaten vt..威胁，恐吓 rely v.依靠，依赖 基础练习·单句语法填空 rely on/upon依靠，依赖 (1)David threatened report)his neighbour rely on/upon sb.todo/doing.依赖…做… immediately to the police if the damages were not rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth.在某事上依赖/指望某 paid. 人/物 (2)Rapid economic development threat) rely on it that...指望…，相信… animal habitats. 能力提升·句式写作诵读 (3)This poses threat to agriculture and the (5)如今父母为他们的独生子女做了一切，这让孩 food chain,and consequently to human health. 归纳拓展 be made into把…制成… ·threaten sb.with..用…威胁某人 be made out of由…制成 threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事 make it获得成功；约定时间；按时到达 threaten that...威胁… 能力提升·句式写作诵读 ·a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事的威胁 (4)我甚至还没来得及走到门口表达我的谢意，她 能力提升·句式写作诵读 就离开了。（读后续写之动作描写） (4)He was threatened by terrorists and didn't dare to She left before I could even vote for the president. to offer my thanks. he didn't dare to (5)据说，大约20名志愿者组成了那个队伍，我也想 vote for the president..(过去分词短语作状语) 参加。（应用文之申请信） It is said that 6.otherwise ad.否则，要不然；除此以外；以另 and I want to join it. 外方式co心.否则，要不然 重点句型 基础练习·一词多义 whatever引导让步状语从句 写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思 But Mom said that whatever happens,we (1)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of should always try to see the good side of food by taking donations and collecting blemished things. produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. 但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是 努力看到事情好的一面。 (2)I'm lucky that I like the atmosphere,otherwise I'd go mad. 基础练习·单句语法填空 (3)The rent is a bit high,but otherwise the house is (1)(2025·浙江1月卷)Thinking that the man might impressive. get away with he wanted before the (4)I'm afraid the manager cannot see you now as he is police arrived,Kevin decided to do something. otherwise occupied. 50 归纳拓展 (2)（2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) otherwise常用于虚拟语气中 disadvantages life in Italy might have,the however ad.然而 problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big therefore ad.因此，所以 meal with friends and family. moreover,/furthermore ad.而且 (3) is kind enough and reliable can join in 能力提升·句式写作诵读 this rescue. (5)我当时太忙了，否则我就帮助她了。 4) the film star goes,there are crowds of I was very busy at the time, people waiting to see her. 归纳拓展 (6)If you don't seize the chance,you will regret it. →Seize the chance, 本句中whatever引导让步状语从句，其含义相当于 no matter what,意为“不管什么，无论什么”，其位置 7.make it to到达，抵达；赶上 可在主句前，也可在主句后。 基础练习·单句语法填空 ·whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导 (1)I plan to make in an admirable manner. 名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。在引导让 (2)Kate heard a man's voice in the background,but 步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which./ she couldn't make what he was saying. whom (3)What I want to tell you is that this class is precisely ·whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时， made up 20 boys and 15 girls. 相当于no matter when/,where/how。 归纳拓展 能力提升·句式写作诵读 make up编造，杜撰；组成，构成；化妆；补上；凑数；和 (5)无论他做什么，他的父母都支持他 好；占… make up for弥补；补偿 ① his parents supported him. make out辨认；弄清；理解 whatever) be made up of由…组成（构成） ② his parents supported be made of/from由…制成 him.(what） 关键能力·对点习得 【.单句语法填空 10.With a broad smile on his face,the captain said 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇。 that the voyage was made up three parts. 1.All of sudden,a man came forward, Ⅱ.语境辨义练 unaware of the embarrassment of the manager in 一词多义练/熟词生义练 charge of the project. 1.claim 2.They often quarreled with each other,and thus,the A.t.（战争、事故等)夺去（生命）B.t.声 称，主张C..要求，索取D.t.获得，赢得 announce)of their divorce didn't astonish me. (1)It was claimed that many people were trapped in the mountain because of the landslide 3.The news that more than 80 tourists were rescued the landslide site yesterday has been confirmed. (2)She claimed damages from the company for the 4.The teacher was holding a broad umbrella, injury she had suffered. (shelter)the student from the rain. (3)The hurricane claimed more than 20 residents lives. 5.My (rely)friend made every attempt to (4)In the English speech,the young man who claimed help me whenever I was trapped in difficulties. the first prize jumped with a thrill of joy. 6.I didn't take your advice, my efforts wouldn't have ended in failure 2.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 that the servant admitted his mistake,you (1)In my first P.E.class,the teacher required us to 151 could forgive him. run laps and then hit a softball. 8.The attacker threatened the people a gun,and (2)When we arrived,we attempted to find a seat,but everyone in the crowd was scared. all the good seats had been grabbed. 9.Thus,we are the products of evolution,and not just (3)(2024·新课标全国I卷)The differences evolution that (occr）billions of between print and digital reading results are years ago. partly related to paper's physical properties. 核素美·双写培优 I.话题微写作（运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中3.在洪水发生前，随时了解天气预报和安全公告。 提高语言综合运用能力)】 announcement) 夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。 新华中学为了增加学生的安全自救常识，准备了一 份关于暴风雨的安全知识宣传海报。请你根据以下 4.把雨衣或雨伞放在手边。准备足够的食物和急救 提示拟定海报内容。 用品。(leave..on hand) l.夏天快到了。洪水等灾害可能会发生。(disaster; occur) 5.如果洪水发生，应立即待在高处等待救援。 rescue;immediately) 2.为了在洪水发生时确保您的安全，请记住以下几 点。(keep..in mind) 6.抓住能浮在水面上的东西来自救。远离电。(catch) 7.多注意深水，避免在水中行走。（pay attention to; 拓展语料积累[动作细节描写：“头部”动作] avoid) drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head低头 put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands双手 8.不要试图在大树下寻找遮蔽处。(shelter〉 词块 抱头nod/shake one's head点/摇头rest one's head on/against...把头靠在…上面 scratch one's head挠头raise one's head抬头 9.不要喝洪水，因为不千净。(s引导原因状语从句) throw one's head back把头往后仰 When he got home,he buried his head under 10.不要返回家中抢救个人财产。（祈使句） the quilt,pretending to be asleep. 他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。 [句式升级] Her mother stopped her housework,raising her 将第5句用非谓语动词形式进行改写升级。 head with worry in her eyes.(现在分词短语作 状语) 她母亲停下了家务活，拾起头，眼里流露出 连句成篇] 忧虑。 句型 I rose to my feet,sat close to my mother, rested my head on her shoulder and couldn't help weeping.(动作链描写) 我站起身来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的 肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。 I walked slowly to the bus,my head down, tears in my eyes.(独立主格) 我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含 着泪水。 语料运用[地震] I,a nurse,was on day duty when suddenly a tray Ⅱ.续写积累提升练 fell off the table.I scratched my head,wondering what 教材语料整合 was happening.Then① it was an earthquake.Some patients screamed in terror and 环境描写] disaster;erupt;hurricane; headed for the exit.Although I was scared to death,I landslide:tsunami;typhoon;blizzard;avalanche: grabbed my loudspeaker,2 crisis;mosquito:midnight;county (现在分词短语作状语)and 亮词 crouch under the bed.Then under the bed I held a boy [动作描写]forecast;grab;rescue;claim; in my arms and he rested his head against me,3 threaten-threat;shelter (独立主格).Soon the earthquake [人物描写] reliable stopped and the reliable rescuers came to our rescue and④ Thank 1.Looking through my newspaper,I'm shocked goodness！⑤ by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has and we sighed in relief. destroyed a town.(情感描写) 我是一名护士，日间值班时突然一个托盘从桌 2.Stepping out of the station with a heavy 子上掉了下来。我挠了挠头，想知道正发生什么事。 heart,I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my 然后我突然想到这是一场地震。一些病人惊恐地尖 face.(情感描写) 叫着奔向出口。虽然我害怕得要死，但我还是抓住 美句 3.I was so frightened that I just froze.Mum 了我的扩音器，告诉他们双手抱住头，蹲到床底下。 cried to get out quickly,but it was already 然后我抱着一个男孩躲在床底下，他把头靠在我身 too late by then.(情感+动作描写) 上，眼里含着泪水。不久，地震停止了，可靠的救援 4.Now we have another chance to look up at the 人员来救我们，并保护我们免受进一步的伤害。谢 stars of New Orleans,their beauty inspiring 天谢地！这次威胁性的地震没有造成任何人员死 us and giving us confidence to move on. 亡，我们松了一口气。 尾升华句) 温馨提示：复习至此，请完成练案[18parents and I went to Pupukea Beach by bus and then to an island by boat. Hearing the news that there are all kinds of creatures in the sea,including sharks,I didn't dare to jump into the sea until the coach explained that they would not attack humans on purpose. At first I couldn't distinguish between fish,coral and seaweed.Gradually,I found a variety of fishes and turtles.What astonished me most was that I should see some sharks running after the fish groups,by which I was fascinated. Diving experience is thrilling and unforgettable,from which I learnt and benefited a lot.I'm looking forward to a second attempt. Ⅱ.①didn't permit me to climb②made an attempt/attempted to persuade him 3His voice shaking 4with my eyes shining with rage 5I sprang up in anger,turned around and stormed out of the room,slamming the door furiously behind me 6Overwhelmed by anger/Overcome by rage Unit 6 Disaster and hope 晨背短文·语境记词 1.disasters 2.hurricanes 3.exceptionally 4.is forecast 5.reliable 6.It 7.occurs 8.which 9.great crisis 10.Compared 11.threatened 12.Otherwise 13.would bring 14.In 15.to protect 16.shelter 17.sufficient food 必备知识·巧记活用 词汇分类巧记 I.阅读词汇一 一我会认 1.管子2.（用于数字后面表示)多，余3.飓风4.山崩，滑坡 5.海啸6.台风7.暴风雪8.雪崩9.人造卫星10.十亿 11.(坐着时的)大腿部12.直升机13.蚊子 14.(美国等国家的)县：（英国的）郡15.所有物，资产，财产 Ⅱ.重点单词—一我会写 1.disaster 2.occur 3.forecast 4.grab 5.rescue 6.emergency 7.claim 8.crisis 9.nowhere 10.otherwise 11.midnight 12.sufficient 单词拼写 1.occurred 2.grabs 3.otherwise 4.nowhere 5.disaster 6.crisis 7.rescued 8.claimed Ⅲ.拓展单词—一我会变 1.erupt eruption 2.immediately immediate 3.announcement announce announcer 4.reliable rely 5.exceptionally except exception exceptional 6.threaten threat 7.precisely precise [语境活用]一用所给词的适当形式填空 1.rely reliable 2.threatened threat 3.announcer announced announcement 4.immediate immediately 5.exceptional except exception 6.erupted eruption V.重点短语一 一我牢记 1.have yet to 2.pick up 3.make it to 4.look through 5.after all 6.all of a sudden 7.come down 8.in the open air 9.look up 10.move on [语境活用]一选用上述短语填空 1.After all 2.Look through 3.make it to 4.all of a sudden 5.in the open air 经典句式诵读 [语境活用] 一经典句式仿写 1.leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on 2.was repairing his bike when 3.Whatever it is 核心考点·讲练提升 核心词汇 1.(1)occurrences (2)that (3)occurred (4)to go to attend 2.(1)announced (2)announcements (3)to (4)It has been announced that 3.(1)reliable (2)be relied (3)surfing (4)for (5)which makes the children rely on their parents badly (6)Drely on me to help you 2rely on it that I can help you 3rely on my helping you 4.(1)rescuing (2)from (3)rescuer (4)rescued just now (5)went to her rescue 5.(1)to report (2)threatens (3)a (4)Threatened by terrorists 6.(1)adv. (2)com.否则(3)ad.除此以外(4)ad.以另外方式 (5)otherwise I would have helped her (6)otherwise/or you will regret it 7.(1)it (2)out (3)of (4)make it to the door 6 (5)about twenty volunteers made up that team 重点句型 (1)whatever (2)Whatever (3)Whoever (4)Wherever (5)①Whatever he did②No matter what he did 关键能力·对点习得 I.1.a 2.announcement 3.from 4.sheltering 5.reliable 6.otherwise/or 7.Now 8.with 9.occurred 10.of Ⅱ.1.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D2.(1)跑道的一圈(2)抢 占(3)性质，特性 核心素养·双写培优 I.1.Summer is drawing near.Some disasters like flood are likely to occur. 2.In order to keep you safe in case of flood,please keep the following in mind 3.Before a flood,keep yourself informed of the weather forecasts and safety announcements. 4.Leave your raincoat or umbrella on hand.Prepare enough food and first aid supplies. 5.If a flood happens,stay at a higher place and wait for rescue immediately. 6.Catch something that can float on the water to rescue yourself.Stay away from electricity. 7.Pay more attention to the deep water and avoid walking in the water. 8.Do not try to find shelter under high trees. 9.Do not drink floodwater as it is not clean 10.Do not return home to rescue personal property. [句式升级] If a flood happens,stay at a higher place to wait for rescue immediately. [连句成篇] 参考范文： Flood Safety Guidelines Summer is drawing near.Some disasters like flood are likely to occur.In order to keep you safe in case of flood,please keep the following in mind: Before a flood,keep yourself informed of the weather forecasts and safety announcements. Leave your raincoat or umbrella on hand. Prepare enough food and first aid supplies. If a flood happens,stay at a higher place to wait for rescue immediately. Catch something that can float on the water to rescue yourself. Stay away from electricity Pay more attention to the deep water and avoid walking in the water. Do not try to find shelter under high trees. Do not drink floodwater as it is not clean. Do not return home to rescue personal property. Ⅱ.①it occurred to me that②telling them to bury their heads in their hands 3tears in his eyes 4sheltered us from further injuries 5The threatening earthquake didn't claim any death 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 晨背短文·语境记词 1.their bad mood 2.entertainments 3.It 4.Interacting 5.complicated problems 6.employers 7.who 8.impressive 9.composers 10.essential 11.yourself 12.whispering 13.gently 14.To conclude 15.combined 16.from 必备知识·巧记活用 词汇分类巧记 I.阅读词汇一 一我会认 1.马戏团2.卷曲的3.徽章4.小丑5.露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑 6.文学的7.中世纪的，中古时期的8.使情绪激动的 9.男理发师10.男人，家伙11.品牌，牌子12.奉承；讨好 13.表演台：讲台14.照亮，照明 Ⅱ.重点单词—一我会写 1.mood 2.ankle 3.essential 4.deserve 5.tale 6.optimism 7.shave 8.essay 9.spot 10.enthusiasm 11.complicated 2