必修第二册 Unit 4 history and traditions-【衡中学案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习学案（人教版）

UNIT 4 HISTORY 必备知识·巧记话用 立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.cemetery n. 2.philosophy n. 3.descendant n. 4.heel n. 5.Achilles'heel 6.kingdom n. 7.currency n. 8.military adj. 9.landscape n. 10.ancestor n. 11.courtyard n. 12.cattle n. 13.scent n. 106 14.stew n. vt.vi. 15.sensory adj. 16.transition n. 17.Roman adj. 重点词汇会写 1. n.孔子 2. ad.单独的；个别的n.个人 3 ad山.最重要的；最高级别的n.(公司 或机构的)首领；酋长 x ad.附近的；邻近的ad.在附近 5. t.占领；征服；控制 6 n.战役；搏斗i.&t.搏斗；奋斗 7. n.港口（城市） 9 n.收费；指控；主管t.收费；控告； 充电 9. n.金额；数量 10. n.(艺术作品的)展览馆画廊 11. n.方法；途径；接近t.接近；接洽； 着手处理i.靠近 12. t.保证；确保；担保 13. n.黄油；奶油t.涂黄油于 14. n.蜂蜜 AND TRADITIONS 15. n.位置；姿态；职位 16. n.点心；小吃 17. n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；（美国的）县 18. n.盛宴；宴会；节日 19. i.&t.(使)翻滚；（使)滚动n.卷 (轴)；翻滚 20. .点；小（圆）点t.加点；遍布 21 i.&n.吼叫；咆哮 22. n.大海；海洋 23 n.酒吧；酒馆 24. n.葡萄酒；果酒 25. n.(一杯)啤酒 拓展词汇会变 n.谜；智力游戏；疑问t.迷惑；使困 惑 ad所.令人困惑的+ ad.感到困惑的 i.应在（某处）；属于→ n.(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产 3 n.防御；保卫→ v.防御： 保卫→ ad山.防御的；保护的 4. ad.法律的；合法的 → ad.不合法的 ad.法律上地 5. n.人群；一群人；民众t.挤满：使…拥 挤→ ad.拥挤的 n.证据；证明→ ad.明 显的 n.成就；成绩；达到→ 2t. 达到；实现 8 n.地方：地点：位置→ t.确 定…的准确地点；找出…的位置→ ad.坐落于；位于 9. ad.极有吸引力的：迷人的→ 公.使…入迷；迷住→ ad近.着迷的 10. t.宣布；通知；声称→ n.宣布；通知→ n.广播员；解说员 11. ad.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ n.慷慨；大方 12 ad.热切的；渴望的 ad.热心地；急切地→ n.热切；渴望 13 n.诗人→ n.诗歌→ n.诗歌（总称） 9.In time,I began to look into the ancient Chinese 必 t.问候；迎接→ n.问 culture behind tai chi.I discovered that tai chi is 候；致意 deeply rooted in the Chinese (哲学)of 15 n.风俗；习俗；习惯→ yin and yang,which are believed to form the unity of 顾客→ n.海关 opposites. 16 ad.引人注目的；显著的→ 10.The project's purpose is ensure t.打击；攻击；打动n.罢工 harmony in care homes. 运用巩固提能 1l.(朗文当代)The work consists (chief)of L.(朗文当代)He was recently appointed (最 interviewing the public. 高级别的)economist at the Bank of Scotland. 12.(牛津高阶)His ancestor)had come 2.(剑桥高阶)She said that she wanted to die to England as refugees. (围绕)by the people she loves. 13.(朗文当代)The company has over20 stores 3.（剑桥高阶)Is there a (收费)for children (dot)around the country. or do they go free? 14.It is that the man will be sentenced to 4.She was able to add the new total to the prison with the newly-found evident) (金额)of cash she had with her. 15.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to 5.(剑桥高阶)If you look out of the window on the left your dream of being admitted to a key university, of the bus,you'll see that we're now which will give you a wonderful sense of (接近)the Tower of London. achieve) 6.I quickly searched the (人群)for the16.The softly the result,but school's coach and asked him what had happened. the made me shocked.(announce) 7.The wind picked up and thunder (滚动). 17.The meeting room is quite with a lot of 8.With the click of a mouse or the touch of a button,it is people in it.(crowd) 107 possible to find out almost anything we care to know,18.She wore a expression on her face from recipes to travel packages,from (军事 because she was about a 的；军用的)affairs to leaming resources. problem.(puzzle) 【词汇素养】 巧借前缀de-推测词义 前缀“de-”来源于拉丁语，意思是“向下；减少；去除；否定”。 [本单元]descendant n.后裔；后代；子孙 [相关词]①decline vi.下降；衰退②decrease vi..&vt.减少 ,③depress vt.使沮丧 l.(2025·全国I卷)The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. [词义]de(去除)+carbonize(碳化)→decarbonize 2.The company decided to devalue its currency to boost exports. [词义]de(向下)+value(价值)→devalue 3.The goverment is working to deforest the area for agricultural purposes. [词义]de(去除)+forest(森林)→deforest 4.The scientist worked to decode the ancient script found in the ruins. [词义]de(去除)+code(编码)→decode 5.The heavy rain caused the soil to degrade,making it less fertile. [词义]de(向下)+grade(等级)→degrade 6.The company decided to decentralize its operations to improve efficiency. [词义]de(去除)+centralize(集中)→decentralize 7.The teacher asked the students to debug the program to fix the errors. [词义]de(去除)+bug(错误)→debug 8.The govemment decided to deindustrialize the region,shifting focus to technology and service-based industries. [词义]de(去除)+industrial(工业的)+ize→deindustrialize 2 语境助记短语 语境运用 1.His judgment and references are decidedly 写准记牢 American, his delicate stomach. 1 把…和…连接或联结2.First of all,uniforms help the sehool look smart.The 起来 students feel that they a particular 脱离；背叛；逃脱 group. 3 属于 3.(牛津高阶)The island the mainland 4 同（一样也）；和；还 by a bridge. 留心；留意 4.(朗文当代)They the national 6. 把…添加到…中 union and set up their own local organization 个 把…称作… 5.(牛津高阶)The cyclone has many 8. 接收；接管 thousands of deaths. 9. 把…抛在后面：留下；遗留 6.(朗文当代)He departed for Washington, 10. 对…有极大影响 the children with their mother. 11. 成为…的一部分；融入 7.(朗文当代)He likes to “Doctor 12. 有…的迹象；发出…的 Khee”. 气味 8.(朗文当代)His only reason for investing in the 13. 布满；点缀 company was to it 14. 导致 【词汇拓展记忆】 前缀/后缀-en动词集锦 各种“环境；情况”表达 有无“he”含义大相径庭的短语 ①Dlarge-→enlarge扩大；使增大 ①circumstances环境；情况 ①in charge of掌握；负责 ②rich→enrich使充实 ③able→enable使能够 ②condition状况；情况 in the charge of在…掌管之下 08 ③environment环境，周围状况；自 ②in possession of占有 ④sure→ensure使确信 然环境 in the possession of被…占有 ⑤short-→shorten缩短；使变短 ④situation情况；状况 ③in control of控制；管理 ⑥broad-broaden拓宽 in the control of在…控制下 ⑦fright-→frighten使害怕 ⑤surroundings环境；周围的事物 3 仿写速记句式 4.have sth.done They had castles built all around England,and 原句译背 made changes to the legal system. 1.what引导的宾语从句 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain. England-many people are confused by what these 5.with的复合结构 different names mean. The peaceful landscape of the "Emerald Isle"and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and 2.f的省略结构 cattle. So what is the difference between them,if any? 6.It is +adj.+that... 3.过去分词短语作后置定语 With all this beauty,it is not surprising that They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack, Ireland has developed strong traditions that include as well as share the same currency and military music,dancing,and dining. defence. 仿写运用 1.我脸上火辣辣的，我为我对你所做的事情感到 羞愧。 With my face burning,I was ashamed of 2.请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？ (牛津高阶)Please let me know how many are coming, 3.南开大学始建于1919年，有着超过100年的 历史。 Nankai University, 1919,has a history of more than 100 years. 4.他修房顶的时候，摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。 He while restoring the roof, which made everyone worried about him. 5.由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚 所发生的事是真的。 As they were still breathless, they were convinced that what had happened just now was true. 6.你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。 You stayed up so late last night; 核心考点·讲练提升 1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问t.迷惑；使困惑 【佳句】If you puzzle about the meaning of the poem, you might find it helpful to read it aloud several times. (建议信) 如果你对这首诗的含义感到困惑，多次大声朗读它 可能很有帮助。 【归纳拓展】 ●be in a puzzle about..对…感到困惑 a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情 ●puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ●puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的 be puzzled about/over..对…感到困惑 ●puzzling ad.令人迷惑的 注意：d结尾的形容词可以用来描述人的心理活 动，也可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如1o0k, voice,smile,expression,face等。 【多维训练】单句语法填空/语段填空/一句多译 D There was a strange stillness.The birds,for example-where had they gone?Many people spoke of them, puzzle)and disturbed. 4 语篇经典诵读 Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.The country has 1. long history of producing great 2. (writer)and poets.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,3. (offer）something for each of the senses.The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills 4. (dot)with sheep and cattle.5. a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin, 6. breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions 7. include music. dancing,and dining.8. (have)a chance of experiencing this,stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.If you're lucky,you might be able to enjoy some 9. （tradition) music and dancing,too.And if you introduce 10. (you)to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand. 10g AAAAAAAAAAKKKKKKK1A1111714A11111A1A4111/A414/2144/6414441444444445546456542552A4224224222422A2R1AK4K1/A1A11K1A11111144 2The complex math problem (对他来说是个谜).He （对如何解决它深感困惑).The way the numbers were arranged seemed so (puzzle).After spending hours trying to figure it out,he remained (puzzle). ③学生们对新的数学问题感到困惑，这个问题似乎 没有解决方案。 →The students which seemed to have no solution. （puzzle n.) which seemed to have no solution. puzzle vt. 2.break away(from sb./sth.)突然离开；脱离； 背叛；逃脱 【佳句】My father carefully cut the pumpkin open,soI finally had my head break away from it. 我父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开，我的头终于从南瓜 中出来了。 【归纳拓展】 break up打碎；分裂；解体；结束；（关系等）破裂 break down垮掉；分解；出故障 break into破门而入；突然…起来 break in破门而入；打断；插话 break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发 【多维训练】用break的相关短语填空/写作运用 提能 ①My dog suddenly me,charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作链描写) ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Victor feels his team is about to ③Their house was and some valuables were stolen. 4 He was charging his mobile phone when the fire 5In some conflict areas where civil wars often fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 6The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special,and they enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony. ⑦汽车在高速公路上出了故障，造成了严重的交通 10 堵塞。 causing a major traffic jam. ⑧最后我崩溃了，捂着脸流下了眼泪。（心理描写） Finally I shedding tears with my face covered 3.belong to属于；是…的成员；是…的组成 部分 【佳句】If you plan on working out in a gym,the workout partner must belong to the same gym. 如果你计划在健身房锻炼，那么你的健身伙伴必须 是同一家健身房的。 【归纳拓展】 ●belong vi.应在（某处）；适应；合得来 ●belonging n.(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产 a sense of belonging归属感 注意：belong to没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓 语时要使用doing形式。 【多维训练】单句语法填空/一句多译/写作运用 提能 DHaving sold most of his (belong),the poet almost had nothing left in the house ②这幅画属于一位私人收藏家，它被借给了这家博 物馆，并吸引了大量游客。 →The painting, was on loan to the museum and attracted a large number of visitors.(定语从句) →The painting, was on loan to the museum and attracted a large number of visitors.(现在分词短语作定语) ③正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感， 适应了新的环境。 It is because of your generous assistance 4.as well as同（一样也）：和：还 【佳句】If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own,you will soon find everything works out. 如果你能像考虑自己的感受一样考虑他人的感受， 你很快就会发现一切都会迎刃而解。 【归纳拓展】 ●as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形 容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解， 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的 主语保持一致（就远原则）。 ●用作介词时，as well as相当于besides,in addition o,意思为“除…之外”，后面通常接名词或动名 词，尤其是位于句首时。 ●as well“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短 语使用。 ●may/might as well do sth.倒不如做某事；不妨做 某事 【多维训练】单句语法填空/写作运用提能 DAs well as (be)good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. 2Your wife as well as you (be)friendly and generous,for which I am very grateful. ③此次活动的目的是鼓励学生更深入地了解中国 历史，传播中华文化，并帮助他们养成阅读的 习惯。 The purpose of this event was to encourage students to have a deeper understanding of Chinese history and spread Chinese culture, ④如果你将在机场等待几个小时，不妨读一读你一 直想读的那本书。 If you're going to be waiting for hours at the airport, you've been looking forward to. 5.surround vt,.包围；围绕 【佳句】When you wear a VR headset equipped with sensors and a screen,you are surrounded by three-D images,sounds and other sensory information 当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的VR头盔时，你就会 被三维图像、声音和其他感官信息所包围。 【归纳拓展】 ●surround..with..用…包围… be surrounded by/with被…包围 ●surrounding ad.周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境 【多维训练】单句语法填空/写作运用提能 DAnd when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds （surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears. ②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself plants,don't beat yourself up if one or a few!) doesn't make it. ③您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的 建议吗？（求助信） Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on ④绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚 下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。 the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm. ⑤交一些高度自律的朋友是明智的。（建议信） It is wise people who have a high level of self-discipline. 6.charge v.收费；控告；充电h.收费；指控；主管 【佳句】Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free. 上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开 了热烈的讨论。 【归纳拓展】 O charge sb.with doing)sth.accuse sb.of (doing）sth.指控某人犯…罪 charge sb.(money)for sth.因某事/物收某人钱 charge at向…发起冲锋；扑向 ●free of charge=for free免费 in charge of掌管（表状态） take charge of掌管（表动作） in the charge of被…掌管；由…负责 【多维训练】单句语法填空/写作运用提能 ①（牛津高阶）As long as you've paid in advance,we won't charge you delivery. 2If you are found in possession of stolen goods,you can be charged theft,which could result in a prison sentence. ③部门经理负责监督所有运营工作，但如果他不在， 就由我来负责。我有责任确保各项任务按时完 成。我们不会向顾客收取标准服务费，这些服务 是免费的。但是，对于任何额外费用或损失，我们 会向顾客收费。如果有人未能履行职责，我们可 能会指控他们行为不当。 The department head is overseeing all operations,but it will be me if he's absent.It's my responsibility to ensuring that tasks are completed on time.We don't customers standard services;they are However,we will them any additional fees or damage.If someone fails to meet their duties,we may them misconduct. ④恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把 我一口吃掉似的。（情境描写） The fierce wolf,opening its bloody mouth,sprang to its feet and in one gulp. 7.announce v.宣布；通知；声称 【佳句】（2024·九省联考)We are pleased to announce that our school English newspaper is organizing an essay competition on the theme of "Work Together,Save Food”. 我们很高兴地宣布，我们学校的英语报纸正在组织 一场以“齐心协力，节约粮食”为主题的征文比赛。 【归纳拓展】 ●announce sth.tosb.向某人宣布某事 It is announced that...据宣布… as is announced..正如宣布的那样 ●announcement n.宣布；通知 make an announcement(tosb.)(向某人)发通知 ●announcer n.广播员；解说员 【多维训练】单句语法填空/句型转换/写作运用 提能 ①The host announced us that a painting exhibition would be held in the city gallery next weekend. 2The authority announces that a new railway station will be built here to promote local tourism. a new railway station will be built here to promote local tourism. ③请注意。我现在有一个重要的通知要宣布。我们 学校的英语广播站正在寻找一名能够说流利地道 英语的播音员。任何感兴趣的人都可以在本周内 提出申请。 Attention please.Now I Our school's English broadcast station is who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English.Anyone who is interested can apply this week. 8.amount n.金额；数量以.总计；共计；相当于；等于 【佳句】Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming,a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected,which harms its 12 fragile natural ecology.(环境保护) 全球变暖导致海水温度升高，大量珊瑚被杀死，部 分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，这破坏了其脆弱的自然 生态。 【归纳拓展】 ●the amount of..…的数量 “大量/少量的”表达： a large/small amount of+n.[U]+.(单数)） large/small amounts of+n.[U]+.(复数) ●amount to共计，总计(=add up to);等于，相当于 【多维训练】单句语法填空/写作运用提能 ①(2024·新课标I卷改编)When a person is reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research (confirm)this finding. ②Huge amounts of money _（spend)on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. ③这是一项令人疲惫的工作，但我期待着薪酬，尽管 我不确定它会有多少。 It was tiring work,but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure 9.approach n.接近；方法；途径t.接近；接洽； 着手处理v以.靠近 【佳句】(2023·浙江1月卷，续写)There was the little bird,flapping her wings and approaching me. 那只小鸟正拍打着翅膀向我靠近。 【归纳拓展】 ●an/the approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/ 途径；接近，靠近 at the approach of在快到…的时候 ●be approaching正在/将要接近 with.·.approaching在…快到的时候 ●approach sth./sb.接近某物/某人 注意：(I)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数 名词；表示“处理；对待…的方法；途径”时，为可 数名词，其后常与介词o搭配。 (2)表示“（做）事情的方法”的搭配有： the approach to(doing)sth. the way to do/of(doing)sth the means of(doing)sth. the method of(doing)sth. (3)“用这种方法”不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means 【多维训练】语段填空/一句多译 ① (在冬天即将来临之 际)，the days become shorter and the air grows colder.People start looking for (保持温暖和舒适的 方法)during this season. (随着第一场雪的来临)，excitement and anticipation fill the air. (享受冬天的方法)could be to take up winter sports like skiing or ice skating. ②在最后期限临近时，我不得不熬一整夜在笔记本 电脑上完成它。 I had to stay up all night working on my laptop to complete it.(as 导时间状语从句) I had to stay up all night working on my laptop to complete it. （with复合结构) 10.eager ad).渴望的；热切的 【佳句】Everyone is eager for success/,to succeed/to be successful,but success only belongs to those who are determined and persevering. 每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于那些意志坚定、坚 持不懈的人。（续写之主旨升华） 【归纳拓展】 ●be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 be eager for sth.渴望得到某物 ●eagerness n.热切；渴望 with eagerness(=eagerly)热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness掩饰某人的渴望 【多维训练】单句语法填空/写作运用提能 DThe thrilled twins whispered to their father,"We are eager cook)a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.Not having enough cooking experience,we are eager your timely help." ②当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候， 他无法掩饰他的渴望。（读后续写之心理描写） When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, 11.The peaceful landscape of the"Emerald Isle" and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草 木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称 一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 【佳句】The twins prepared the breakfast with a card added on it,.which said“Happy Mother'sDay”. 这对双胞胎准备了早餐，并在上面加了一张卡片，写 着“母亲节快乐”。 【归纳拓展】 wth的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括： ●with+宾语+todo(表示将来的动作) ●with+宾语+doing(表示主动或进行) ●with+宾语+done(表示被动或完成) ●with+宾语+介词短语/ad./ad. 【多维训练】单句语法填空/句型转换/写作运用 提能 ①(2024·浙江卷1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard,with her heart pound)and legs (shake). 2 With so many tricky problems (approach),the newly-elected president will have a tough period to go through. 3Human life on this planet has been transformed into a "global village",with all the different countries link)in the chain of common interests 4Tom threw himself into his mother's arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes. 理描写) Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, .(用with的复合结构改写) Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, .（用独立主格结构改写) ⑤完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中 闪烁着兴奋的光芒。（心理描写） he jumped with joy,his eyes glittering with excitement. 12.So what is the difference between them, if any? 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么 呢？ 【佳句】Today,some5O0 years after the Esmeralda set sail,there is little-if any-land on our planet left unexplored 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年， 113 我们的星球上尚未被人类探索的土地一如果有的 话—已经少之又少了。 【归纳拓展】 if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于f(there is/are)any..·o if not如果不是这样的话 fso如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 【多维训练】写作运用提能/句型转换 DHave you ever been fascinated by human civilization? (如果这样的话)，you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 2If we're lucky,AI might think we're valuable enough to keep around. (如果不幸运的话)，it might wipe us all out! ③(2024·新课标I卷)Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if it is necessary. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat ·（省略句) 关键能力·对点习得 I.单句语法填空 1.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 2.I bet you are as eager as I am (find)out just how many have been motivated enough to last the full seven days. 3.The feeling of happiness and sense of belong )can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country. 4.For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence children are hopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures. 5.The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money wine and beer. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking ensure)you get the most from future walking trips. 7.As well as eat)a five-course meal,they 114 drank seven bottles of wine. 8.As you slowly explore your surround), you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem. 9.The (roll)sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. 10.(剑桥高阶)The street was full of boys roar)up and down on their motorbikes. Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 DThe wind picked up and thunder rolled. 2 Here's the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 3 Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. 4There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 2.选出crowd的汉语意思 A.n.人群；一群人B.n.民众C.i.(想法或 观点)涌入（脑子）D.i.聚集；涌向 DThe air smelled of the best baked bread,and customers soon crowded into the store,making the street crowded. 2I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. 3The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind. 4We all like to think we stand out from the crowd. 3.选出charge的汉语意思 A.n.费用B.t.收费；要价C.n.掌管；负责 D.t.指控；控告E.vt.充电F.i.冲向 G.t.使充满 DOn a family holiday last summer,my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone. 2 To our shock,the shy man should be charged with murdering his wife. 3They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price. ④The dog barked,jumping--four feet in the air-一 mouth open and charging at the man. 5One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest;the next,the air was charged with tension. 6Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. 7People who dress up as Roman soldiers in charge of photos won't be allowed near hot tourist spots. 4.选出approach的汉语意思 A.t.&i.靠近；临近B.t.与…商量 C.t.处理D.n.方法；途径 DThe students approach their teacher for advice. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to“low-impact”solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. ③(2024·北京卷)0 ne night,in my early40s,I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints,and told me to start painting. 4Human qualities also involve how you think,how you approach problems,and how you break them down;and that takes a lot of algorithmic(算法) design. Ⅲ.语法填空 When studying in the United Kingdom,I was no longer1.（puzzle）about when England got Wales,Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it.The four countries belonging to the UK use the same currency and military defence,2. they have different legal systems.I saw much evidence that showed the Romans,the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Britain,3. leave behind their so-called achievements and influencing the names of locations and vocabulary. 核素养·双写培优 I.应用文写作运用一推荐信 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Alex来信说将要 在寒假期间去北京旅行一周，请你根据以下提示给 他回信，向他推荐一个你最喜欢的地方，帮助他更好 地旅行。内容包括： 1.推荐的景点； 2.推荐理由以及需要注意的事项 3.表示真诚期待与欢迎。 【完成句子】 1.得知你渴望在即将到来的寒假期间去北京旅游， 我写信给你一些建议。(be eager to do,现在分词 短语作状语) 2.北京有许多著名的旅游景点，其中最重要的是故 宫博物院。(“介词+which”引导定语从句)》 3.故宫博物院自明代以来一直是北京的中心，是皇 帝和家人的家，它被内城和外城所环绕。（as well as,surround,过去分词短语作后置定语) There were so many fascinating places that I had to keep my eyes open. Later I traveled to Ireland 4. I found myself fascinated by the landscape.It was such a feast for my eyes that I felt as if I were approaching a gallery in which I 5. surround) with beautiful pictures.Every day I was greeted with the rolling mountains 6.(dot)with sheep and cattle,the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which charged only a small amount of money 7 their service.Once I talked about their customs with 8.crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy,poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors'chief 9. (achieve).They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew.The journey is so striking that I'm eager 10. go)there again. 4.随着寒假的临近，来北京的游客数量将急剧增加。 115 (with的复合结构，approach) 5.如果是这样的话，你最好提前预订机票和住宿。 (f的省略结构) 【组句成篇】 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇 80个词左右的短文。 Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 历史与文化+自然环境细节描写(2)】 【教材语料背诵】 [情感描写]eager-→eagerly-→eagerness;puzzle →puzzled→puzzling;fascinate→fascinating fascinated 词汇 [动作描写]surround;battle;approach; greet;break away from;belong to;keep your eyes open (for) 1.And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(环境描写) 2.On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the 佳句 sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.（动作 描写+拟人修辞) 3.With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,.dancing and dining..(情感描写) 【拓展语料积累】 colourful五彩斑斓的；snow-covered积雪覆盖 16 的；golden金黄色的；breathtaking令人叹为观 止的；picturesque如画的；crystal--clear waters 清澈见底的水；rolling hills连绵起伏的山丘； 词汇 dense forest茂密的森林；golden sunsets金色 的日落；snow-capped mountains白雪覆盖的山 峰；gentle breeze轻柔的微风；blooming flowers 盛开的花朵；winding rivers蜿蜒的河流 [现在分词作状语] 1.The serene lake mirrored the blue sky, creating a perfect reflection of the surrounding mountains. 宁静的湖面倒映着蔚蓝的天空，完美地反 射出周围的群山。 2.A gentle breeze rustled through the dense forest,carrying the sweet scent of blooming 佳句 flowers. 轻柔的微风穿过茂密的森林，带来了盛开 花朵的甜美香气。 3.The golden sunset bathed the rolling hills in a warm,amber glow,casting long shadows across the landscape. 金色的日落将连绵起伏的山丘笼罩在温暖的 琥珀色光芒中，在大地上投下长长的影子。 4.The crystal-clear water of the river wound through the verdant valley, reflecting the 佳句 lush greenery on its banks. 清澈见底的河水蜿蜒穿过翠绿的山谷，倒 映着河岸上茂盛的青枝绿叶。 语料综合运用（用上述语料完成续写） [前情提要]圣诞节要到了，Mark家里因为爷爷 看病花光了家里的积蓄，没钱买圣诞树了，Mark存 钱罐里的钱也不够，他只能赚钱买圣诞树。最终在 他的努力下，买到了一棵小圣诞树，甚至还买了装饰 品，过了一个快乐的圣诞节。 [续写构思]买下圣诞树→买装饰品回家→装 饰圣诞树→一起过圣诞节 他们去了附近的一家商店，用剩余的钱买了一些 装饰品。拿着这剩余的53美元，马克和保罗走进了一 家风景如画的小商店，里面摆满了圣诞装饰品。商店 布满了各种色彩鲜艳的装饰品、闪烁的灯光和金色的 金箔。马克精心挑选了一些装饰品，包括树顶的一颗 小星星。他们付了钱，匆匆回家，急于开始装饰。当 他们走近自己的公寓时，可以看到被白雪覆盖的屋顶 在傍晚的灯光下闪闪发光。到屋内，他们搭起了树， 开始挂着装饰品。房间里的欢乐和兴奋是显而易见 的。当他们的母亲回到家时，这棵装饰精美的树映入 眼帘，她眼前一亮。这是一个他们永远都会记得的充 满了爱、希望和节日魔力的圣诞节。 They went to a shop nearby and purchased some ornaments with the spare money.With the remaining $53,Mark and Paul entered 1 that was filled with Christmas decorations.The shop (2) an array of colorful ornaments,twinkling lights,and golden tinsel.Mark carefully selected a few ornaments,3 for the top of the tree.They paid for the items and hurried back home,4 .As⑤ they could see 6 glistening in the evening light.Inside,they set up the tree and began to hang the ornaments.7 in the room was palpable.When their mother returned home,she 8 It was a Christmas they would always remember,filled with love,hope,and the magic of the festival. 温馨提示：复习至此，请完成练案[10]过去分词作定语；第二空填过去分词，和前面的s构成被动语 态；第三空填形容词作定语。故填networked;tracked;private 2.accessible考查形容词。句意：既然你还没有申请账号，你就不 能访问这个网站了。be accessible to可接近的：可靠近的；可使 用的。故填accessible。 3.for 考查短语。句意：随着全球竞相实现全面脱碳，交通运输领 域面临着特殊难题—一其产生的与能源相关的温室气体排放量 约占总量的四分之一。account for占…（比例）。故填for。 4.engineering functional考查名词和形容词。第一空考查名词 分析句子结构可知，空白处作定语修饰后面的名词，engineering 在此处是名词作定语，engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。 故填engineering。第二空考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure, 应用形容词作定语。故填functional 5.inspired考查非谓语动词。空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语， 逻辑主语“asix-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动 关系，用过去分词。故填inspired. 6.for 考查动词短语。句意：只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你 才能明白他们情绪的原因，并与他们产生共鸣。account for说 明；做出解释。故填介词for。 7.to eat考查非谓语动词。句意：在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认 为是非常粗鲁的。此处填不定式是句子的真正主语。故填 to eat 8.through考查动词短语。句意：我很感激我没有像她那样经历 苦难。go through经历。故填through。 9.have shaped考查动词的时态。句意：说到古代文明，大多数人 都会想到希腊人和罗马人。这是可以理解的，因为到目前为止， 无论是他们的社会、文化还是政治影响，他们都在某种程度上塑 造了现代社会。s引导原因状语从句，所以填谓语动词：从句中 的so far是明确的现在完成时的时间状语。故填have shaped.。 10.as pressure考查介词和名词。句意：共有92名女性属于中 等健康水平：59名女性属于低健康类别，即峰值负荷为80瓦或 更少，或因高血压、胸痛或其他心血管问题而停止运动测试。 第一空defined as被定义为：第二空high blood pressure高血压， 故填as;pressure Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.①t.(尤指迅速或随手)放置②n.吸气音③t.打翻④ad.挑 剔的⑤t.定位⑥n.印刷机⑦i.流动：流过⑧i.恍然大悟 2.①D②A③E④B⑤C 3.①B②D③C④A⑤E Ⅲ.语法填空 1.updated 2.to protect 3.chatting 4.which 5.particularly 6.to 7.but 8.embarrassing 9.before 10.convenience 核心素养·双写培优 I.应用文写作运用一短文投稿 【完成句子】 1.With the development of the Intemet,the number of people shopping online has increased dramatically. 2.It is convenient for us to buy whatever we need at any time and in any place. 3.However,as is often the case,every coin has two sides,and so does online shopping. 4.What upsets people most is that the imperfect payment system may contribute to revealing personal information. 5.As long as we constantly keep online safety in mind,it is possible to avoid these troubles.6.The more careful and cautious we are when using the Internet,the more we will benefit from it. 【组句成篇】 参考范文： With the development of the Internet,the number of people shopping online has increased dramatically. The main reason why it is so popular is that it is convenient for us to buy whatever we need at any time and in any place,which can not only save our time but also save our money for the busy life.However, as is often the case,every coin has two sides,and so does online shopping.Besides the concern about the quality of the products,what upsets people most is that the imperfect payment system may contribute to revealing personal information. As far as I am concerned,as long as we constantly keep online safety in mind,it is possible to avoid these troubles.After all,the more careful and cautious we are when using the Internet,the more we will benefit from it. Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 Ddespite his earlier rudeness 2)Overcoming her initial upset 3overwhelmed by pain and embarrassment ④to reflect on his behavior 5felt deeply grieved 6shed tears of sorrow UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 必备知识·巧记活用 立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.墓地；公墓 2.哲学3.后裔；后代；子孙4.足跟：（脚、袜子 鞋等的)后跟 5.(喻)（希腊神话）阿喀疏斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 6.王国：领域 7.通货：货币8.军事的：军用的9.（陆上，尤指 乡村的)风景 10.祖宗：祖先11.庭院：院子12.牛13.气味； 气息 14.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）炖：煨15.感觉的：感官的 16.过渡；转变；变迁17.古罗马的：罗马的（古)罗马人：罗马 市民 重点词汇会写 1.Confucius 2.individual 3.chie过 4.nearby 5.conquer 6.battle 7.port 8.charge 9.amount 10.gallery 11.approach 12.ensure 13.butter 14.honey 15.position 16.snack 17.county 18.feast 19.roll 20.dot 21.roar 22.ocean 23.pub 24.wine 25.beer 拓展词汇会变 1.puzzle puzzling puzzled 2.belong belonging 3.defence defend defensive 4.legal illegal legally 5.crowd crowded 6.evidence evident 7.achievement achieve 8.location locate located 9.fascinating fascinate fascinated 10.announce announcement announcer 11.generous generosity 12.eager eagerly eagerness 13.poet poem poetry 14.greet greeting 15.custom customer customs 16.striking strike 运用巩固提能 1.chief 2.surrounded 3.charge 4.amount 5.approaching 6.crowd 7.rolled 8.military 9.philosophy 10.to ensure 11.chiefly 12.ancestors 13.dotted 14.evident evidence 15.achieve achievement 16.announcer announced announcement 17.crowded crowding 18.puzzled puzzled puzzling 词汇素养 1..脱碳：去碳2.t.使贬值3.t.欣伐森林4.t.解码 5..降解：退化6.vt.分散7.t.调试：排错8.t.去工业化 2语境助记短语 写准记牢 1.join...to... 2.break away from sb./sth.)3.belong to 4.as well as 5.keep your eyes open (for)6.add...to... 7.refer to...as...8.take over 9.leave behind 10.have a great influence on 11.enter into 12.scent of 13.be dotted with 14.result in 语境运用 1.as well as 2.belong to 3.is joined to 4.broke away from 5.resulted in 6.leaving behind 7.be referred to as 8.take over 3仿写速记句式 原句译背 1.联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰一一很多人对这些不同名称 的含义感到困惑。 2.如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么 呢？ 3.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称 为联合杰克的国旗。4.他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律 体系进行改革。5.“绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草 木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉 盛宴。 6.乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音 乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 仿写运用 1.what I had done for you 2.if any 3.founded in 4.had his leg broken 5.with their hearts beating wildly 6.it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today 4语篇经典诵读 1.a 2.writers 3.offering 4.dotted 5.On 6.and 7.that/ which 8.To have 9.traditional 10.yourself 核心考点·讲练提升 1.Dpuzzled (2was a puzzle to him was deeply puzzled about how to solve it puzzling puzzled 3were in a puzzle about the new math problem What puzzled the students was the new math problem 2.①broke away from②break up③broken into④broke out ⑤break out⑥broke into⑦The car broke down on the expressway ⑧broke down3.①belongings②which belongs to a private collector belonging to a private collector 3that I soon developed a sense of belonging and adapted to the new surroundings 4.Dbeing 2is 3as well as help them develop the habit of reading 4you may as well read the book 5.(Dsurrounding (②with③how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings 4Surrounded by green trees 5to surround yourself with6.①for②with③in charge of in the charge of take charge of charge for free of charge charge for charge with④charged at me as if to eat me up7.①to②It is announced that 3have an important announcement to make looking for an announcer8.①confirms(②are spent③how much it would amount to 9.1 At the approach of winter the/an approach to staying warm and comfortable With the approach of the first snowfall The/An approach to enjoying winter 2As the deadline approached With the deadline approaching 10.1to cook ②the boy couldn't hide his eagerness 11.Dpounding shaking 2to approach 3linked 4with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes 5With all the preparations made 12.①fso②If not ③if necessary 关键能力·对点习得 1.surrounded考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它 被由内城和外城构成的同心圆包围。根据句子结构可知，空白 处应用非谓语动词作状语或作the Forbidden City的非限制性定 语。he Forbidden City与surround之间为被动关系，故应填动 词-ed形式。故填surrounded。 2.to find考查非谓语动词。句意：我敢打赌，你和我一样急切地 想知道，到底有多少人有足够的动力坚持整整七天，be eager to do sth.褐望做某事。故填to find。 3.belonging考查名词。句意：对于离开自己的祖国的人来说，幸福感 和归属感变得尤为重要。由句意可知，填名词形式。故填belonging 4.that考查同位语从句。句意：在很长一段时间里，这种无效的 隐藏方法被解释为证据 一儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生 物。由句意可知，填同位语从句的连接词that。故填that。 5.for 考查介词。句意：慷慨的酒馆老板只收了我们少量的酒和啤酒 的钱。charge sb. .for sth.因为某物向某人收费…。故填for 6.to ensure 考查非谓语动词。句意：这次登山之旅让你深入了解 登山所需的技巧，以确保你从未来的徒步旅行中获得最大的收 获。由句意可知，填不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 7.eating考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不仅吃了一顿五道菜的 饭，还喝了七瓶酒。as well as在此相当于介词短语in addition to。故填eating。 8.surroundings考查名词。句意：当你慢慢探索周围的环境时，你 会开始发现让你对这首诗有更深刻理解的线索。由句意可知 填名词作explore的宾语。故填surroundings.。 9.rolling考查形容词。句意：当你站在山顶时，你看到的滚滚云 海会提醒你，我们人类是多么渺小。由句意可知，填形容词 rolling“起伏的；周而复始的”。故填rolling。 10.roaring考查非谓语动词。句意：大街上到处是些年轻小伙子 骑着摩托车来回呼啸而过。由句意可知，填动词-ig形式作定 语。故填roaring Ⅱ.语境辨义练 1.①i.（雷或鼓)隆隆作响②t.安置；把…放在适当位置 ③.竞争：较量④正式推出（新产品、服务等） 2.①D②A③C④B 3.①E②D③B ④F ⑤G⑥A⑦C 4.①B②D③A ④C Ⅲ.语法填空 1.puzzled 2.but 3.leaving 4.where 5.was surrounded 6.dotted 7.for 8.a 9.achievements 10.to go 核心素养·双写培优 【.应用文写作运用一推荐信 【完成句子】 1.Learning that you are eager to travel to Beijing in the coming winter vacation,I am writing to give you some recommendations. 2.There are numerous famous tourist attractions in Beijing,among which the most significant one is the Palace Museum. 3.The Palace Museum,which was home to emperors as well as their families of each dynasty.The Palace Museum,surrounded by the Inner City and Outer City,has been the center of Beijing ever since the Ming Dynasty. 4.With the winter vacation approaching,the number of visitors to Beijing will increase dramatically.5.If so,you'd better book the plane tickets and accommodation in advance. 【组句成篇】 参考范文： Dear Alex I am glad to hear from you.Learning that you are eager to travel to Beijing in the coming winter vacation,I am writing to give you some recommendations. There are numerous famous tourist attractions in Beijing,among which the most significant one is the Palace Museum,which was home to emperors as well as their families of each dynasty.The Palace Museum,surrounded by the Inner City and Outer City,has been the center of Beijing ever since the Ming Dynasty.Each year,millions of visitors from both home and abroad come to visit it.With the winter vacation approaching,the number of visitors to Beijing will increase dramatically.If so,you'd better book the plane tickets and accommodation in advance. I sincerely hope you can make it to China this vacation and I'm looking forward to your coming.By the way,I am willing to serve as your guide Yours sincerely. Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 ①a small,picturesque shop(②was surrounded by ③including a small star eager to start decorating 5they approached their flat 6the snow-covered rooftops 7The amount of joy and excitement 8was greeted by the breathtaking sight of the beautifully decorated tree UNIT S MUSIC 必备知识·巧记活用 立体巧记单词 阅读词汇会认 1.嘻哈音乐：嘻哈文化2.有弦的3.弦乐器4.虚拟合唱团 5.演播室：（音乐的）录音棚：工作室6.（乐队、合唱团等的）指 挥；（公共汽车的）售票员7.现象8.快速敲击；说唱音乐 敲 击：（说唱歌中的）念白9.相册；集邮簿；音乐专辑10.概述； 概要 重点词汇会写 1.classical 2.soul 3.virtual 4.opportunity 5.onto 6.ordinary 7.award 8.stage 9.altogether 10.thus 11.band 12.nowadays 13.previous 14.impact 15.aim 16.disease 17.ache 18.lean 19.moreover 20.being 21.somehow 拓展词汇会变 1.energy energetic 2.composition compose composer 3.perform performance performer 4.enable able ability disable disability unable disabled 5.prove proof 6.original originally origin 7.gradual gradually 8.capable incapable capacity 9.relief relieve relieved 10.cure curable incurable 11.unemployed employ employment employer employee 12.romantic rmance 13.equipment equip 14.talent talented 15.piano pianist 16.assume assumption assuming 17.addition additional add 18.treatment treat 19.satisfaction satisfy satisfied satisfying satisfactory 20.various variety vary 21.repetition repeat 22.reaction react 运用巩固提能 1.original 2.phenomenon 3.awarded 4.classical 5.somehow 6.stage 7.Nowadays 8.talented 9.treatment 10.aches 11.opportunities 12.energetic energy 13.performer performed performance 14.disabled disability enables 15.Originally origin original 16.incurable curable cure cured 17.unemployed emplover emplov 18.treatment treated 19.talent talented 20.equipped equipment 词汇素养 1.t.提议2.t.暴露：揭露3.i.&t.分解4.t.强加；施加 5.t.调换：变换6.vi.丢弃：处理 2语境助记短语 写准记牢 1.fall in love with 2.be)absorbed in sth./sb.3.set sth.up 4.try out 5.in addition to sb./sth.)6.from(then )on 7.get through 8.touch one's heart/soul 9.enable sb.to do sth. 10.graduate from 语境运用 1.fall in love with 2.was absorbed in 3.set up 4.try out 5.from then on 6.get through 3仿写速记句式 原句译背 1.他被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同是第 次看见色彩一样。” 2.在那时，音乐可以帮助你，就像它曾经帮助 我一样。 3.音乐是心灵的良药。 4.考虑到我缺乏经验，我选 择了一部相当简单的作品 仿写运用 1.Worried about the time available 2.I like the way(that/in which) we play together 3.the eye is the window to the heart 4.Given his excellent performance 4语篇经典诵读 1.to sing 2.an 3.performing 4.are uploaded 5.with 6.creation 7.who 8.Inspired 9.has become 10.better 6