必修第一册Unit 5 Natural Disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语课时同步核心单词&固定搭配背诵默写清单（冀教版）

冀教版 必修第一册 Un 课本同步高考 背诵+默写清 第1页 完整版背诵对！ 一、核心单词完整版（含熟 1. disaster /dr'za:sta(r)/n. ★熟词生义：n.彻底失败的人( >短语：natural disaster自然灾 disaster area灾☒；end in dis 告终 3.drought/drat/n.旱灾； ★熟词生义：n.长期缺乏；不足 >短语：suffer from drought遭 period of drought干旱期 5.hurricane /'hrkan/n. ★熟词生义：无 >短语：hit by a hurricane遭受 7.volcanic eruption /vol'ka n.火山喷发 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：volcanic eruption火山 without warning突然喷发 it 5 Natural Disasters 3500词汇&短语 单 照页 生义) 难；灾害 2.flood/fd/n.洪水；水灾v.淹没； 或事) 泛滥 害； ★熟词生义：n.大量；大批(a flood of);. aster以惨败 充斥；涌进 >短语：flash flood山洪暴发；a flood of letters大量来信；be flooded with充满/ 被…淹没 干旱 4. earthquake/'3:kwerk/n.地震 ★熟词生义：n.剧烈动荡；大变动 受旱灾； >短语：a powerful earthquake强烈地震； earthquake-stricken area地震灾区 风 6.landslide"川endslard/n.滑坡；山体 滑坡 飓风袭击 ★熟词生义：n.(选举中的)压倒性胜利 >短语：landslide victory压倒性胜利； trigger a landslide引发滑坡 nIk I'rApfn/ 8.tsunami/tsu:'na:mi/n.海啸 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：a massive tsunami巨大海啸 喷发；erupt 第1页/共11页 9.typhoon /tar'fun/n.台风 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：typhoon warning台风预警 11.wildfire/warldfara(r/n.野火；山火 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：spread like wildfire像野火般蔓延 13.rescue/reskju:/V.营救；救援n.营 救；救援 ★熟词生义：V.挽救；拯救(rescue sth from) >短语：rescue team救援队；come to one's rescue来救某人；rescue workers救 援人员 15.survive/sa'varv/V.生存；存活；幸 存 ★熟词生义：.比活得长；经历…之后还 存在 >短语：survive on靠.生存；survive the earthquake在地震中幸存 17.shelter /'felta(r)/n.避难所；庇护处 V.保护；庇护 ★熟词生义：v.躲避(shelter from) >短语：take shelter from躲避.； provide shelter for为.提供避难所 19.collapse/ka'leps/.倒塌；崩溃n. 倒塌；崩溃 ★熟词生义：V.(因劳累等)倒下；n.(价 格等)暴跌 >短语：collapse under在重压下倒塌； economic collapse经济崩溃 第2页/ 10.tornado/t:'nerda/n.龙卷风 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：tornado season龙卷风季节 12.sandstorm/'saendst:m/n.沙尘暴 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：be caught in a sandstorm遭遇沙 尘暴 14.survivor/sa'varva(r)/n.幸存者；生 还者 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：the sole survivor唯一幸存者 16.victim/vIktIm/n.受害者；牺牲品 ★熟词生义：n.受骗者；遭受的人 >短语：fall victim to成为的牺牲品； victims of the disaster灾民 18.evacuate/r'vaekjueIt/V.疏散；撤离 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：evacuate residents琉散居民； evacuate from从撤离 20.destroy/dr'str/v.摧毁；毁灭 ★熟词生义：V.毁掉（希望、信心等） >短语：be destroyed by fire被大火摧毁； destroy one's confidence摧毁某人的信心 共11页 21.damage/daemId3/n.损失；损害v. 损害；破坏 ★熟词生义：n.(复数)赔偿金 >短语：do damage to对..造成损害； damage one's health损害健康 23.wound/wu:nd/n.创伤；伤口v.使 受伤 ★熟词生义：V.伤害（感情）；n.(情感上 的)创伤 >短语：be wounded in the leg腿部受伤； a deep wound深深的创伤 25.trap /traep/V.使困住；使陷入危险n. 陷阱；圈套 ★熟词生义：v.诱骗；n.困境 >短语：be trapped in被困在.；seta trap设陷阱；fall into a trap落入圈套 27.forecast/"fb:ka:st/n.预测；预报v. 预测；预报 ★熟词生义：V.预示；预言 >短语：weather forecast天气预报； forecast the future预测未来 29.donate/da'nert/v.捐赠；捐献 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：donate sth to sb向某人捐赠某物； donate blood献血 31.relief/rrli:f/n.救济；减轻；宽慰 ★熟词生义：n.换班的人；替补 >短语：in relief如释重负；relief supplies 救济物资；to one's relief令某人欣慰的是 第3页/ 22.injure/'rnd3(r)/v.使受伤；损害 ★熟词生义：V.伤害（感情）；损害（名誉） >短语：be seriously injured受重伤； injure one's pride伤害某人的自尊 24.buy/beri/V.埋葬；掩埋 ★熟词生义：V.隐藏；埋藏；使陷入 >短语：be buried in埋头于/被埋于；bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 26.warn/wp:n/V.警告；告诫 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：warn sb of/about sth警告某人某 事；warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事； warn against告诫不要 28.easure/me3a(r)/n.措施；方法v. 测量；衡量 ★熟词生义：n.标准；尺度；V.估量；判定 >短语：take measures to do sth采取措施 做某事；in large measure在很大程度上 30.volunteer/vplan'tra(r)/n.志愿者. 自愿做；义务做 ★熟词生义：V.主动提供（信息等） >短语：volunteer to do sth自愿做某事； volunteer for自愿参加 32.aid/erd/n.援助；帮助v.援助；帮助 ★熟词生义：n.辅助设备 >短语：first aid急救；in aid of为了帮助； with the aid of借助于 共11页 33.recover/r'kva(r)/V.恢复；康复； 找回 ★熟词生义：V.追回；挽回（损失） >短语：recover from从.中恢复； recover lost time弥补失去的时间 35.affect/a'fekt/v.影响；感动；侵袭 ★熟词生义：V.(疾病)侵袭；（情绪上）深 深打动 >短语：be deeply affected by被.深深打 动；be affected by the flood受洪水影响 37.shock /fok/n.震惊；休克v.使震惊 ★熟词生义：n.电击；冲击 >短语：be in shock处于休克状态；culture shock文化冲击；it shocks sb that..令某 人震惊的是… 39.threat/eret/n.威胁；恐吓 ★熟词生义：n.潜在危险；构成威胁的人（或 事物) >短语：pose a threat to对.构成威胁； under threat受到威胁 二、 高考固定搭配完整版 l.natural disaster自然灾害 3.come to one's rescue来救某人 5.be trapped in被困在… 7.take measures to do sth采取措施做某事 9.volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 第4页/ 34.rebuild/,ri'brld/v.重建；重新建造 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：rebuild one's life重建生活； rebuild confidence重建信心 36.erupt'rpt/v.(火山)爆发；（战争 等)爆发 ★熟词生义：V.(情绪等)突然爆发 >短语：erupt into laughter突然大笑； erupt with anger勃然大怒 38.panic/'paenIk/,n.恐慌；惊慌V.惊 慌；恐慌 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：in a panic惊慌地；panic buying恐 慌性抢购；cause panic引起恐慌 40.caution/'kn/n.谨慎；警告V.警 告；告诫 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：with caution谨慎地；caution sb against doing sth告诫某人不要做某事 2.be caught in遭遇；陷入（灾害等） 4.take shelter from躲避… 6.warn sb of/about sth警告某人某事 8.donate sth to sb向某人捐赠某物 10.recover from从…中恢复 共11页 11.in relief如释重负 12.to one's relief令某人欣慰的是 13.with the aid of借助于 14.first aid急救 15.be affected by受…影响 16.pose a threat to对…构成威胁 17.fall victim to成为…的牺牲品 l8.be buried in埋头于；被埋于 19.do damage to对…造成损害 20.in a panic惊慌地 21.survive on靠…生存 22.rescue sb from从…中救出某人 23.evacuate from从…撤离 24.spread like wildfire像野火般蔓延 25.rebuild one's life重建生活 第2页 高考专项默写页 单词英汉互译（基础义默写） 1. disaster 2.洪水；淹没 3.drought 4.地震 5.hurricane 6.滑坡；山体滑坡 7.volcanic eruption 8.海啸 9.typhoon 10.龙卷风 11.wildfire 12.沙尘暴 13.rescue 14.幸存者 15.survive 16.受害者；牺牲品 17.shelter 18.琉散；撤离 19.collapse 20.摧毁；毁灭 21.damage 22.使受伤；损害 23.wound 24.埋葬；掩埋 第5页/共11页 25.trap 28.措施；方法 31.relief 34.重建；重新建造 37.shock 40.谨慎；警告 熟词生义专项默写（高 1.disaster除“灾难”外， 还可表示： 4.rescue除“营救”外，还 可表示（动词）： 7.shelter除“避难所”外， 还可表示（动词）： 10.damage除“损害”外， 还可表示（名词复数）： 13.bury除“埋葬”外，还可 表示： l6.measure除“措施”外， 还可表示（名词）： 19.aid除“援助”外，还可 表示（名词）： 22.erupt除“（火山）爆发” 外，还可表示： 高考短语英汉互译默写 26.警告；告诫 29.donate 32.援助；帮助 35.affect 38.恐慌；惊慌 考高频陷阱默写) 2.flood除“洪水”外，还 可表示（名词）： 5.survive除“幸存”外，还 可表示： 8.collapse除“倒塌”外， 还可表示（动词）： 11.injure除“使受伤”外， 还可表示： 14.trap除“陷阱”外，还可 表示（动词）： 17.volunteer除“志愿者” 外，还可表示（动词）： 20.recover除“恢复”外， 还可表示： 23.shock除“震惊”外，还 可表示（名词）： 第6页/共11页 27.forecast 30.志愿者 33.recover 36.爆发 39.threat 3.landslide除“滑坡”外， 还可表示： 6.victim除“受害者”外， 还可表示： 9.destroy除“摧毁”外， 还可表示： 12.wound除“伤口”外，还 可表示（动词）： 15.forecast除“预报”外， 还可表示（动词）： 18.relief除“救济”外，还可 表示： 21.affect除“影响”外，还 可表示： 24.threat除“威胁”外，还 可表示： 1.自然灾害 2.be caught in 3.来救某人 4.take shelter from 5.被困在… 6.warn sb of/about sth 7。采取措施做某事 8.donate sth to sb 9.自愿做某事 10.recover from 11.如释重负 12.to one's relief 13.借助于 14.first aid 15.受…影响 16.pose a threat to 17.成为…的牺牲品 18.be buried in 19.对…造成损害 20.in a panic 21.靠…生存 22.rescue sb from 23.从…撤离 24.spread like wildfire 25.重建生活 四、高频易错搭配挖空填空 1. The area was seriously affected the flood. 2.She came the rescue of the drowning child. 3.They took shelter the heavy rain in a cave. 4.The old man was trapped the burning building. 5.The government warned people the coming typhoon. 6.We should take measures (reduce)the damage caused by earthquakes. 7.Many people volunteered (help)the victims of the disaster. 8.It took him a long time to recover the shock. 第7页/共11页 9. my relief,all the students survived the earthquake. 10. the aid of the rescue team,more people were saved. 11.The earthquake posed a serious threat the local residents. 12.Many people fell victim the landslide. 13.He was buried his work and didn't notice the earthquake. 14.The storm did great damage the crops. 15.People fled a panic when the volcano erupted. 16.The survivors had to survive _very little food and water. 17.The fire spread wildfire through the forest 18.The villagers were evacuated the flooded area. 19.She was deeply affected the news of the disaster. 20.The building collapsed the weight of the snow. 参考答案 默写页对照答案 一、单词英汉互译（基础义默写） 1.灾难；灾害 2.flood 3.旱灾；干旱 4.earthquake 5.飓风 6.landslide 7.火山喷发 8.tsunami 9.台风 10.tornado 11.野火；山火 12.sandstorm 13.营救；救援 14.survivor 15.生存；存活；幸存 16.victim 17.避难所；庇护处 18.evacuate 19.倒塌；崩溃 20.destroy 21.损失；损害 22.injure 23.创伤；伤口 24.bury 25.使困住；使陷入危险 26.warn 27.预测；预报 28.measure 29.捐赠；捐献 30.volunteer 第8页/共11页 31.救济；减轻；宽慰 32.aid 34.rebuild 35.影响；感动；侵袭 37.震惊；休克 38.panic 40.caution 二、熟词生义专项默写（高考高频陷阱默写） 1.彻底失败的人（或事） 2.大量；大批(a flood of)) 4.挽救；拯救(rescue sth 5.比.活得长；经历.…之后 from) 还存在 7.躲避(shelter from) 8.(因劳累等)倒下 10.赔偿金 11. 伤害（感情）；损害（名誉） 13.隐藏；埋藏；使陷入 14.诱骗 16.标准；尺度 17.主动提供（信息等） 19.辅助设备 20.追回；挽回（损失） 22. (情绪等)突然爆发 23.电击；冲击 三、高考短语英汉互译默写 第9页/共11页 33.恢复；康复；找回 36.erupt 39.威胁；恐吓 3.(选举中的)压倒性胜利 6.受骗者；遭受..…的人 9.毁掉（希望、信心等） 12.伤害（感情） 15.预示；预言 18.换班的人；替补 21.(疾病)侵袭；（情绪上） 深深打动 24.潜在危险；构成威胁的人 (或事物) 1.natural disaster 2.遭遇；陷入（灾害等） 3.come to one's rescue 4.躲避… 5.be trapped in 6.警告某人某事 7.take measures to do sth 8.向某人捐赠某物 9.volunteer to do sth 10.从.中恢复 11.in relief 12.令某人欣慰的是 13.with the aid of 14.急救 15.be affected by 16.对构成威胁 17.fall victim to 18.埋头于；被埋于 19.do damage to 20.惊慌地 21.survive on 22.从中救出某人 23.evacuate from 24.像野火般蔓延 25.rebuild one's life 四、高频易错搭配挖空填空 1.by The area was seriously affected by the flood. 2.to -She came to the rescue of the drowning child. 3.from -They took shelter from the heavy rain in a cave. 4.in -The old man was trapped in the burning building. 5.of/about -The government warned people of/about the coming typhoon. 6.to reduce -We should take measures to reduce(reduce)the damage caused by earthquakes. 7.to help -Many people volunteered to help (help)the victims of the disaster. 8.from It took him a long time to recover from the shock. 9.To -To my relief,all the students survived the earthquake. 10.With-With the aid of the rescue team,more people were saved. 11.to -The earthquake posed a serious threat to the local residents. 12.to -Many people fell victim to the landslide. 13.in -He was buried in his work and didn't notice the earthquake. 14.to -The storm did great damage to the crops. 15.in -People fled in a panic when the volcano erupted. 16.on -The survivors had to survive on very little food and water. 17.like -The fire spread like wildfire through the forest. 18.from -The villagers were evacuated from the flooded area. 第10页/共11页 19.by -She was deeply affected by the news of the disaster. 20.under -The building collapsed under the weight of the snow. 第11页/共11页