选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Disaster Survival Reading B-2026-2027学年高中英语课时同步核心单词&固定搭配背诵默写清单（沪外版）

沪外版 选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Disaster Survival Reading B课本同步高考3500词汇&短 语 背诵+默写清单 第1页 完整版背诵对照页 一、 核心单词完整版（含熟词生义） 1.disaster/drza:st(r)/n.灾难；灾祸 2.survive/sa'varv/V.生存；存活；幸 ★熟词生义：n.彻底失败的人（或事物） 存 >短语：natural disaster自然灾害； ★熟词生义：V.比..…活得长；经历.之后还 disaster relief救灾；disaster area灾区 存在 >短语：survive on靠..生存；survive from从..中幸存；survive the accident在 事故中幸存 3.survival/s'varvl/n,生存；存活；幸 4.rescue/reskju:/V.&n.营救；救援 存 ★熟词生义：V.把…从危险中救出 ★熟词生义：无 >短语：rescue sb.from从..中救出某人； >短语：survival skills生存技能；survival come to one's rescue来救某人；rescue of the fittest适者生存；survival rate存活 team救援队 率 5.shelter /'felta(r)/n.避难所；庇护 6.evacuate/'vaekjuert/V.疏散；撤 所；住所V.保护；掩蔽 离；清空 ★熟词生义：V.躲避；避难 ★熟词生义：无 ,短语：take shelter from躲避…； >短语：evacuate sb.from把某人从撤 provide shelter for为提供住所；under 离；evacuate the building疏散大楼人员 the shelter of在..的庇护下 第1页/共10页 7.emergency'm3:d3 ensi/n.突发事 8.collapse/ka'leps/V.&n.倒塌；崩 件；紧急情况 溃；晕倒 ★熟词生义：无 ★熟词生义：（系统、计划等）突然失败；瓦解 >短语：in case of emergency万一遇到紧 >短语：collapse into ruins倒塌成废墟； 急情况；emergency exit紧急出口；state financial collapse金融崩溃；collapse from of emergency紧急状态 exhaustion因疲惫而倒下 9,trap/traep/V.使困住；使陷入危险n. 10.panic/'paenIk/,n,&V.恐慌；惊慌失 陷阱；困境 措 ★熟词生义：V.使陷入（困境）；使无法脱身 ★熟词生义：V.使惊慌；使仓皇行事 >短语：be trapped in被困在.…；trap sb. >短语：in a panic惊慌地；panic buying恐 into doing sth.诱使某人做某事；set a trap 慌性抢购；panic over对…感到恐慌 设陷阱 11.warning/"wp:n/n.警告；警示；预 12.forecast/'fbka:st/n.&V.预测；预 警 报 ★熟词生义：无 ★熟词生义：V.预言；预告 >短语：give a warning发出警告；without >短语：weather forecast天气预报； warning毫无预兆地；warning sign警示标 forecast sth.todo预测某事物将. 志 13.victim/vIktrm/n.受害者；牺牲品； 14.damage/'daemId3/n.&V.损害；破 遇难者 坏；损失 ★熟词生义：无 ★熟词生义：n.对造成伤害（不可数名词 用法区别于damages赔偿金) >短语：fall victim to成为的受害者/牺牲 品；disaster victim灾民 >短语：do/cause damage to对.造成损 害；damage one's health损害健康 15.destroy/dr'stroI/V.摧毁；毁灭；破 16.rebuild/,ri:'brld/v.重建；重新建造 坏 ★熟词生义：无 ★熟词生义：V.毁掉（某人的计划、希望等） >短语：rebuild one's life重建生活； >短语：be destroyed by fire被火烧毁； rebuild the city重建城市 destroy one's confidence摧毁某人的信心 17.volunteer/vplan'ta(r)/n,志愿者v. 18.donate/da'nert/V.捐赠；捐献 自愿做；志愿提供 ★熟词生义：无 第2页/共10页 ★熟词生义：V,主动提出（做某事）；自愿参 >短语：donate sth.tosb.把某物捐给某 军 人；donate blood献血 >短语：volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事； volunteer for自愿参加；volunteer workers志愿工作者 19.aid/erd/n.&v.援助；救助；帮助 20.relief/rr'lif/n.救济；救援物资；宽 ★熟词生义：n.辅助设备；帮助者 慰 >短语：first aid急救；in aid of为了帮 ★熟词生义：n.(痛苦、焦虑等的)减轻，缓 助…；come to one'said来帮助某人； 解 with the aid of在..的帮助下 >短语：disaster relief救灾；to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是；relief supplies救济物资 21.courage/'krd3/n.勇气；胆量 22.calm/ka:m/adj.镇静的；平静的V. ★熟词生义：无 使平静；使镇定 >短语：have the courage to do有勇气 ★熟词生义：（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪 做.…；lose courage失去勇气；take 静的 courage鼓起勇气 >短语：calm down平静下来；stay/keep calm保持镇静；calm sb,down使某人平静 下来 23.signal/sIgnal/n.信号；暗号V.发信 24.access/'aekses/n.通道；使用权V. 号；示意 进入；获取 ★熟词生义：V.表明；预示 ★熟词生义：n.接近（某人）的机会 >短语：signal for help发信号求救；signal >短语：have access to有机会/权利使 tosb.向某人示意；a danger signal危险信 用…；gain access to获准进入.…；easy 号 access容易进入 25.supply/sa'pla/n.供应；补给品V. 供应；提供 ★熟词生义：supplies生活必需品；补给品 >短语：water supply供水；in short supply供应不足；supply sb.with sth.向某 人提供某物 二、高考固定搭配完整版 1. survive on靠…生存 2.survive from从…中幸存下来 第3页/共10页 3.rescue sb.from从…中救出某人 4.come to one's rescue来救某人 5.take shelter from躲避… 6.provide shelter for为…提供住所 7.evacuate sb.from把某人从…撤离 8.in case of emergency万一遇到紧急情况 9.be trapped in被困在… l0.trap sb.into doing sth.诱使某人做某事 ll.in a panic惊慌地 12.without warning毫无预兆地 l3.fall victim to成为…的受害者/牺牲品 14.do/cause damage to对…造成损害 15.volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 16.donate sth.tosb.把某物捐给某人 17.first aid急救 18.come to one'said来帮助某人 l9.with the aid of在…的帮助下 20.to one's relief令某人宽慰的是 21.have the courage to do有勇气做… 22.calm down平静下来 23.stay/keep calm保持镇静 24.signal for help发信号求救 25.have access to有机会/权利使用… 26.in short supply供应不足 27.supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物 28.be destroyed by fire被火烧毁 29.rebuild one's life重建生活 30.survival of the fittest适者生存 3l.natural disaster自然灾害 32.disaster relief救灾 33.emergency exit紧急出口 34.weather forecast天气预报 35.panic buying恐慌性抢购 第2页 高考专项默写页 、单词英汉互译（基础义默写） 第4页/共10页 1.disaster 2.survive 3.survival 4.rescue 5.shelter 6. evacuate 7.emergency 8.collapse 9.trap 10.panic 11.warning 12.forecast 13.victim 14.damage 15.destroy 16.rebuild 17.volunteer 18.donate 19.aid 20.relief 21.courage 22.calm 23.signal 24.access 25.supply 熟词生义专项默写（高考高频陷阱默写） 1.disaster除“灾难”外， 2.survive除“幸存”外，还3.collapse除“倒塌”外， 还可表示： 可表示： 还可表示： 4. trap除“陷阱”外，作动 5.panic除“恐慌”外，作 6.forecast除“预报”外， 词还可表示： 动词还可表示： 还可表示： 7.damage除“损害”外， 8.destroy除“摧毁”外， 9. volunteer除“志愿者” 作名词复数damages表示： 还可表示： 外，作动词还可表示： 10.aid除“援助”外，还可 1l.relief除“救济”外，还可 12.calm除“镇静的”外，还 表示： 表示： 可形容： 13.signal除“信号”外，作 14.access除“通道”外，还 15.supply除“供应”外， 动词还可表示： 可表示： supplies表示： 三、高考短语英汉互译默写 1 靠…生存 2。从…中救出某人 3.来救某人 4.躲避… 第5页/共10页 5. 为…提供住所 6.万一遇到紧急情况 7.被困在… 8.诱使某人做某事 9.惊慌地 10.毫无预兆地 11.成为…的受害者 12.对…造成损害 13.自愿做某事 14.把某物捐给某人 15.急救 16.来帮助某人 17.在…的帮助下 18.令某人宽慰的是 19.有勇气做… 20.平静下来 21.保持镇静 22.发信号求救 23.有机会/权利使用… 24.供应不足 25.向某人提供某物 26.适者生存 27.自然灾害 28.救灾 29.紧急出口 30.恐慌性抢购 四、高频易错搭配挖空填空 1.The villagers survived the flood by climbing to the roof. 2.The firefighters rescued the child the burning building. 3.When the earthquake hit,people took shelter the heavy rain in a nearby tunnel. 4.The government provided shelter the homeless victims. 5.The residents were evacuated the dangerous area before the hurricane arrived. 6. case of emergency,please dial 120 immediately. 7.The hikers were trapped the mountain due to the sudden landslide. 第6页/共10页 8.She was trapped signing the contract she didn't agree with 9.When the fire alarm rang,people ran out a panic. 10.The tsunami struck the coast warning,causing massive destruction. 11.Many small businesses fell victim the economic crisis. 12.The earthquake did great damage the ancient city. 13.Hundreds of young people volunteered help with the disaster relief work. 14.Many people donated money and clothes. the victims of the earthquake. 15. the aid of the rescue team,all the trapped miners were brought to safety. 16. our great relief,everyone survived the terrible accident. 17.She didn't have the courage tell her parents the truth. 18.The mother tried her best to calm her crying baby. 19.Please stay_ and wait for further instructions. 20.The survivors signaled help by waving a red cloth. 21.Students in remote areas have limited access the Internet. 22.Fresh water was short supply after the disaster. 23.The rescue team supplied the victims food and blankets. 24.It is the survival the fittest in the wild. 25.The weather forecast warned that a (自然灾害)was approaching. 26.The (紧急出口)is located at the end of the hallway. 27.There was a (恐慌性抢购)of food and water before the typhoon. 28.The (救灾)efforts continued around the clock. 29.After the war,the people worked together to (重建生活)· 第7页/共10页 30.The old bridge (倒塌)under the weight of the heavy truck 参考答案 默写页对照答案 一、单词英汉互译（基础义默写） 1.灾难；灾祸 2.生存；幸存 3.生存；存活 4.营救；救援 5.避难所 6.疏散；撤离 7.紧急情况 8.倒塌；崩溃 9.使困住；陷阱 10.恐慌；惊慌 11.警告；预警 12.预测；预报 13.受害者；遇难者 14.损害；破坏 15.摧毁；毁灭 16.重建；重新建造 17.志愿者；自愿做 18.捐赠；捐献 19.援助；救助 20.救济；宽慰 21.勇气；胆量 22.镇静的；使平静 23.信号；发信号 24.通道；使用权 25.供应；补给品 二、熟词生义专项默写 (高考高频陷阱默写) 1.彻底失败的人（或事物） 2.比.活得长；经历…之后 3.(系统、计划等)突然失败； 还存在 瓦解 4.使陷入困境；使无法脱身 5.使惊慌；使仓皇行事 6.预言；预告 7.赔偿金 8.毁掉（某人的计划、希望等） 9.主动提出（做某事） 10.辅助设备；帮助者 11.(痛苦、焦虑等的)减轻， 12.(天气)无风的；（海洋） 缓解 风平浪静的 13.表明；预示 14.接近（某人）的机会 15.生活必需品；补给品 三、高考短语英汉互译默写 1.survive on 2.rescue sb.from 3.come to one's rescue 4.take shelter from 5.provide shelter for 6.in case of emergency 7.be trapped in 8.trap sb.into doing sth. 9.in a panic 10.without warning 11.fall victim to 12.do/cause damage to 第8页/共10页 13.volunteer to do sth. 14.donate sth.to sb. 15.first aid 16.come to one's aid 17.with the aid of 18.to one's relief 19.have the courage to do 20.calm down 21.stay/keep calm 22.signal for help 23.have access to 24.in short supply 25.supply sb.with sth. 26.survival of the fittest 27.natural disaster 28.disaster relief 29.emergency exit 30.panic buying 四、高频易错搭配挖空填空 1.from -The villagers survived from the flood by climbing to the roof. 2.from -The firefighters rescued the child from the burning building. 3.from -When the earthquake hit,people took shelter from the heavy rain in a nearby tunnel. 4.for -The government provided shelter for the homeless victims. 5.from -The residents were evacuated from the dangerous area before the hurricane arrived. 6.In -In case of emergency,please dial 120 immediately. 7.in -The hikers were trapped in the mountain due to the sudden landslide. 8.into-She was trapped into signing the contract she didn't agree with. 9.in -When the fire alarm rang,people ran out in a panic. 10.without -The tsunami struck the coast without warning,causing massive destruction. 11.to Many small businesses fell victim to the economic crisis. 12.to -The earthquake did great damage to the ancient city. 13.to -Hundreds of young people volunteered to help with the disaster relief work. 14.to -Many people donated money and clothes to the victims of the earthquake. 15.With -With the aid of the rescue team,all the trapped miners were brought to safety. 16.To -To our great relief,everyone survived the terrible accident. 17.to -She didn't have the courage to tell her parents the truth. 18.down -The mother tried her best to calm her crying baby down. 19.calm Please stay calm and wait for further instructions. 第9页/共10页 20.for -The survivors signaled for help by waving a red cloth. 21.to -Students in remote areas have limited access to the Internet. 22.in -Fresh water was in short supply after the disaster. 23.with -The rescue team supplied the victims with food and blankets. 24.of -It is the survival of the fittest in the wild. 25,natural disaster一The weather forecast warned that a natural disaster(自然灾害) was approaching. 26.emergency exit-The emergency exit(紧急出▣)is located at the end of the hallway. 27.panic buying一There was a panic buying(恐慌性抢购)of food and water before the typhoon. 28.disaster relief -The disaster relief (efforts continued around the clock. 29.rebuild their lives-After the war,the people worked together to rebuild their lives (重建生活)· 30.collapsed -The old bridge collapsed (under the weight of the heavy truck. 第10页/共10页