必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语课时同步核心词汇&固定搭配&一词多义背诵清单（人教版）

人教版 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 课本同步高考3500核心词汇 +固定搭配+熟词生义汇总 核心单词40个 一高频固定搭配30组 一一词多义精讲10词 01 高考3500核心单词 音标·词性·常规义·熟词生义 1 disaster1d'2a:sta0)/n.灾难；灾害 ★高考生义：彻底失败的人/事（高考完形高频）The party was a complete disaster. 2 disaster area /dr'za:stae'earia/n.灾☒ ★高考生义：disaster area也喻指“混乱不堪的场所” 3 flo0d/fnd/n.&洪水；淹没 ★高考生义：n.大量(~of);v.充斥、涌满（高考必考）)A flood of tourists flooded the town. 4 drought/drat/n.干旱；旱灾 ★高考生义：drought--stricken遭受旱灾的 5 earthquake/'3:OkweIk/n.地震 ★高考生义：a powerful/,massive earthquake 6 hurricane'hArIkan/n.飓风 ★高考生义：hurricane(大西洋)vs typhoon(太平洋)vs cyclone(印度洋) tornado/tb:'neIdau/n.龙卷风 ★高考生义：tornado warning龙卷风预警 8 tsunami/tsu:'na:mi/n.海啸 ★高考生义：tsunami--hit areas受海啸袭击的地区 第1页/共7页 9 landslide /'laendslard/n.山体滑坡；压倒性胜利 ★高考生义：a landslide victory压倒性胜利（高考政治/体育类阅读） 10 volcano /vDl'keInac/n.火山 ★高考生义：erupt火山喷发；active/.extinct volcano 11 eruption/r'rApfn./n.喷发；爆发 ★高考生义：~of violence暴力的爆发 12 rescue/'reskju:/w&n.救援；营救 ★高考生义：come/go to one's rescue;rescue workers 13 survivor/s3'vaIva(r)/n.幸存者 ★高考生义：survive v.→survival n.→survivor n. 14 survive/sa'varv/幸存；存活 ★高考生义：比…活得长)She survived her husband by ten years.. 15 shelter /'felta(r)/n.&避难所；庇护 ★高考生义：v.保护、遮蔽；take shelter from躲避 16 damage/'daemrd3/n.&损害；破坏 ★高考生义：n.复数damages赔偿金（高考法律类阅读）)He was ordered to pay damages. 17 destroy/dr'stroI/摧毁；毁灭 ★高考生义：damage(部分损坏)→destroy(彻底摧毁)→ruin(逐渐毁掉) 18 ruin/'ru:rn/&n.毁灭；废墟 ★高考生义：in ruins严重受损；be/lie in ruins(高考必考) 19 injure/'ind3a(g)/伤害；使受伤 ★高考生义：injure(事故受伤)vs wound(武器致伤)vs hurt(通用) 20 injury /'nd3ari/n.伤害；损伤 ★高考生义：suffer(an)injury;serious/minor injuries 第2页/共7页 21 victim/'viktm/n.受害者；牺牲品 食高考生义：fall victim to成为…的牺牲品（高考高频） 22 affect /a'fekt/u影响；感动 ★高考生义：v.(疾病)侵袭；be affected by受…影响（高考必考） 23 effect'fekt/n.影响；效果 ★高考生义：have an effect on;in effect实际上；take effect生效 24 warning/wp:nrn/n.警告；预警 ★高考生义：give/sound a warning;without warning毫无征兆 25 evacuate/r'vaekjueIt//w疏散；撤离 ★高考生义：evacuate residents from…将居民从…撤离 26 emergency/r'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急情况 食高考生义：in case of emergency;:emergency exit/.measures 27 supply/sa'plar/n.&供应；补给 ★高考生义：supplies补给品；in short supply供应不足（高考必考） 28 aid/erd/n.&v援助；帮助 ★高考生义：first aid急救；in aid of:为了帮助；with the aid of 29 volunteer,vplan'tra(r)/n.&v志愿者；自愿做 ★高考生义：volunteer to do sth.;volunteer for 30 donation/da'neIfn/n.捐赠；捐款 ★高考生义：make a donation to向…捐赠 31 organize/':ganaIz/组织；筹备 ★高考生义：organized adj..有条理的（高考阅读） 32 calm/ka:m/adj.&w平静的；使镇定 ★高考生义：calm down镇定下来；stay/keep calm保持冷静 第3页/共7页 33 panic/'aenIk//n.&u恐慌 食高考生义：in(a)panic惊慌失措；panic over/about 34 shock /ok/n.&震惊；休克 ★高考生义：n.电击；v.使震惊(be shocked at/by) 35 trap )trep/&n.困住；陷阱 ★高考生义：be trapped in被困在，（高考必考）；trap sb.into doing诱骗某人做 36 bury/'beri/埋葬；掩埋 ★高考生义：bury oneself in埋头于.…（高考高频）)He buried himself in his work. 37 breathe /bri:/呼吸 ★高考生义：breathe v.→breath n.;take a deep breath 38 safety/'serfti/n.安全 食高考生义：for safety's sake;safety measures/.regulations 39 measure /'me3ar)/n.&措施；测量 ★高考生义：take measures to do采取措施做…（高考必考） 40 report/rr'pp:t/n.&报道；报告 ★高考生义：It is reported that.…据报道…（高考高频句型） 02 单词绑定高考高频固定搭配 共30组 01 natural disaster|自然灾害 02 in ruins|严重受损；成为废墟 03go/come to one's rescue|前去营救某人 O4 take shelter from|躲避… 05 have an effect on|对…有影响 06 take effect|生效；开始起作用 07 in effect|实际上；事实上 08 be affected by I受…影响 O9 in case of emergency|万一遇到紧急情况 10 first aid|急救 第4页/共7页 11 with the aid of|在…的帮助下 12 in aid of|为了帮助… 13 volunteer to do sth.|自愿做某事 14 make a donation to|向…捐赠 15 calm down|镇定下来；平静下来 16keep/stay calm|保持冷静 17in(a)panic|惊慌失措 18 be trapped in|被困在… 19 trap sb.into doing sth.|诱骗某人做某事 20 bury oneself in|埋头于…；专心于… 21 take measures to do sth.|采取措施做某事 22 in short supply|供应不足 23 fall victim to|成为…的牺牲品 24 without warning|毫无征兆地 25 It is reported that…|据报道.… 26af1 ood of|大量的… 27 be shocked at/byl对…感到震惊 28 suffer(an)injury|受伤 29 rescue workers|救援人员 30 disaster relief|救灾 03 本单元/本模块高考重点一词多义精讲 真题必考 1 damage 2 flood ①常规义：n./八.损害，破坏（物理性损坏） ①常规义：n.洪水；V.淹没 ②熟词生义：n.[复数]damages赔偿金 ②熟词生义：n.大量(a flood of);V.充斥、涌 满 ★应试区分：看到“pay damages/claim damages”选“赔偿金”，不选“损坏”。 ★应试区分：a flood of+名词（信件/游客/信 高考原句：The court ordered the company to pay 息)→“大量的”，不译“洪水”。 damages to the victims.法院命令该公司向受害者支 高考原句：A flood of refugees flooded across the 付赔偿金。 border.大量难民涌入边境。 3 survive 4 ruin ①常规义：V.幸存，存活 ①常规义：V.毁灭；n.废墟 ②熟词生义：V.比...…活得长 ②熟词生义：in ruins严重受损；be/lie in ruins ★应试区分：survive sb.by+时间→“比某人多 ★应试区分：in ruins作表语/状语，表状态，不译 活…”，不是“幸存”。 “在废墟里”。 第5页/共7页 高考原句：She survived her husband by ten years.. 高考原句：The city lay in ruins after the 她比丈夫多活了十年。 earthquake.地震后这座城市成了一片废墟。 5 measure 6 trap ①常规义：V.测量；n.尺寸 ①常规义：n.陷阱；V.设陷阱 ②熟词生义：n.措施(take measures to do) ②熟词生义：be trapped in被困在..；trap sb.. into doing诱骗某人做 ★应试区分：take measures to do sth.→“采取 措施做某事”，measure用复数。 ★应试区分：be trapped in→“被困于”，高考阅 读自然灾害类必考。 高考原句：The government took immediate measures to rescue the trapped miners..政府立即 高考原句：Hundreds of people were trapped in 采取措施营救被困矿工。 the collapsed building.数百人被困在倒塌的建筑 中。 7 bury 8 supply ①常规义：V.埋葬；掩埋 ①常规义：v/n.供应；补给 ②熟词生义：bury oneself in埋头于..；专心 ②熟词生义：supplies补给品；in short supply供 于. 应不足 ★应试区分：bury oneself in work/books→“埋 ★应试区分：in short supply→“供应不足”，主 头于工作/书本”，不译“埋葬自己”。 语为物，不用被动。 高考原句：After the disaster,he buried himself in 高考原句：Food and water are in short supply in rebuilding his hometown.灾难过后，他全身心投入 the disaster area.灾区食品和水供应不足。 重建家乡。 9 effect 10 victim ①常规义：n.效果；影响 ①常规义：n.受害者 ②熟词生义：take effect生效；in effect实际上； ②熟词生义：fall victim to成为...的牺牲品/受 bring/put..into effect实施 害者 ★应试区分：take effect主语为法律/药物/措施； ★应试区分：fall victim to+名词（疾病/灾害/骗 in effect=in fact。 局)，不译“掉进受害者”。 高考原句：The new safety regulations will take 高考原句：Thousands of people fell victim to the effect next month.新的安全法规将于下月生效。 earthquake.数千人成为这场地震的受害者。 ★本单元高考高频陷阱总结 ,熟词生义五大必考：damage(赔偿金)、flood(大量)、survive(比..活得长)、measure(措施)、 buy(埋头于) 第6页/共7页 ,固定搭配必背：in ruins/take measures to do/be trapped in/take effect/fall victim to/in short supply ,写作亮点句型：It is reported that../A flood of../With the aid of.../take immediate measures to do 第7页/共7页