必修第一册Unit 5 Natural Disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语课时同步核心词汇&固定搭配&一词多义背诵清单（冀教版）

冀教版 必修第一册 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 课本同步高考3500核心词汇 +固定搭配+熟词生义汇总 核心单词40个 一高频固定搭配30组 一一词多义精讲10词 01 高考3500核心单词 音标·词性·常规义·熟词生义 1 disasterd'2a:sta0)/n.灾难，灾祸 ★熟词生义：彻底失败的人/事（高考完形/阅读偶考，"a disaster for sb.") 2 flood /fd/n.M洪水；淹没 ★熟词生义：大量涌入(flood in/into);充满(be flooded with) 3 drought/drat/n.干旱，旱灾 ★高考生义：常规义为主，高考阅读环保话题高频 4 earthquake/'3:kweIk/n.地震 ★高考生义：常规义，高考听力/阅读自然灾害话题必考 5 hurricane /'harkan/,n.飓风 ★高考生义：常规义，高考阅读天灾类高频 6 tornado/tb:'nerda/n.龙卷风 ★高考生义：常规义 tsunami/tsu:'na:mi/n.海啸 ★高考生义：常规义，高考阅读偶考 8 landslide/laendslard./n.山体滑坡；压倒性胜利 ★熟词生义：压倒性胜利(by a landslide以压倒性优势) 第1页/共6页 9 volcano/wol'keInau/n.火山 ★高考生义：常规义 10 erupt/r'rpt/(火山)爆发；（战争等）突然发生 食熟词生义：突然爆发（情绪、暴力等）(erupt into/in) 11 destroy/dr'stroI/摧毁，毁灭 ★高考生义：常规义，高考高频 12 damage/'daemId3/n./M损害，破坏 ★熟词生义：n.损害赔偿金（复数damages).;do damage to 13 ruin'ru:nln./废墟；毁灭 ★熟词生义：in ruins严重受损；be ruined by被…毁掉 14 rescue/reskju:/n./%营救，救援 ★固定搭配：come/go to one's rescue来/去救某人 15 shelter /'felta(r)/n./M庇护所；掩蔽 ★熟词生义：v.躲避，避难(shelter from) 16 survive/sa'vaIv/v.幸存，生存 ★高考考点：survive the accident在事故中幸存（及物动词，不接from) 17 victim /'vIktrm/n.受害者，牺牲品 食熟词生义：fall victim to成为…的牺牲品/受害者 18 warning/'w:nrn/n.警告，警报 ★高考生义：常规义，高考听力高频 19 evacuate/r'vaekjueIt/w疏散，撤离 ★高考生义：常规义，高考阅读自然灾害类高频 20 emergency/r'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急情况 ★固定搭配：in case of emergency万一遇到紧急情况 第2页/共6页 21 collapse/ka'leps/u/n.倒塌；崩溃 ★熟词生义：突然失败；晕倒；（价格）暴跌 22 shake小ek//n.摇晃；震动 ★熟词生义：shake hands with与握手；shake off摆脱 23 strike/straIk/v./n.打击；罢工；侵袭 ★熟词生义：①（灾害、疾病）侵袭②突然想到(t strikes sb.that)③罢工 24 sweep/swi:p/u扫；席卷 ★熟词生义：席卷，横扫(sweep across/through) 25 buy/beri/v.埋葬；掩埋 ★熟词生义：be buried in专心于，埋头于 26 trap /trep//n.困住；陷阱 食熟词生义：be trapped in被困在…中 27 threaten /'eretn/u威胁，恐吓 ★熟词生义：预示（危险）；危及(threaten to do) 28 power'paa(r)/n.力量；电力；权力 ★熟词生义：①电力供应(power cut停电)②权力，影响力 29 supply/sa'plar/n./k供应，供给 ★固定搭配：supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.tosb. 30 relief /n'li:f/n.救济；宽慰 ★熟词生义：①（痛苦）减轻，缓解②宽慰，安心(to one's relief) 31 affect /a'fekt/w影响；感动 ★熟词生义：①（疾病）侵袭②感动(be affected by) 32 effect/rfekt/n.影响，效果 ★固定搭配：have an effect on对…有影响；in effect实际上 第3页/共6页 33 measure/me3a(r)/n./w措施；测量 食熟词生义：take measures to do采取措施做某事 34 prevent /pri'vent/阻止，预防 ★固定搭配：prevent sb..(from)doing sth. 35 recover/rI'kAva(r)/恢复；痊愈 ★熟词生义：恢复（经济、状态）；recover from从.中恢复 36 damage/'daemId3/v/n.损害 ★高考辨析：damage(可修复)vs.destroy(彻底毁掉)vs.ruin(变糟) 37 Narn /w:n/u警告，提醒 ★固定搭配：warn sb.of/about sth.;warn sb.to do sth. 38 predict /pr'drkt/预测，预言 ★高考生义：常规义，高考阅读科技/灾害类高频 39 occur/ak3(r)/v发生；出现 ★熟词生义：It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想到… 40 strike/strark/v侵袭；突然发生 ★高考考点：It strikes sb..that./sth.strikes sb. 02 单词绑定高考高频固定搭配 共30组 01 natural disaster|自然灾害 02 flood in/into|大量涌入 O3 be flooded with|充满，被…淹没 04 do damage to|对…造成损害 05 in ruins|成为废墟；严重受损 06come/go to one''s rescue|来/去营救某人 07 shelter from|躲避… O8 survive the earthquake|在地震中幸存 09 fall victim to|成为…的受害者/牺牲品 10 in case of emergency I万-遇到紧急情况 第4页/共6页 11 shake hands with|与握手 12 shake off1摆脱，甩掉 13 sweep across/through|席卷，横扫 14 be buried in|埋头于，专心于 15 be trapped in|被困在…中 16 threaten to do sth.|威胁要做某事 17 power cut|停电 18 supply sb.with sth.|向某人供应某物 19 to one's relief|令某人宽慰的是 20 have an effect on|对.…有影响 21 take measures to do sth.|采取措施做某事 22 prevent sb.(from)doing sth.|阻止某人做某 事 23 recover from|从…中恢复 24 warn sb.of/about sth..警告某人某事 25 warn sb.to do sth.|警告某人做某事 26 It occurs to sb.that.|某人突然想到… 27 erupt into/in|突然爆发为 28 by a landslide|以压倒性优势 29 be affected by I受…影响 30 in effect|实际上，事实上 03 本单元/本模块高考重点一词多义精讲 真题必考 1 strike 2 ruin ①侵袭，突然发生（灾害、疾病）：Abig ①n.废墟（常用复数ruins):The city lay in ruins earthquake struck the city. after the war. ②突然想到：It struck me that I had left my keys ②v.毁掉，破坏：The rain ruined our picnic.. at home. ③n.毁灭，破产：The company was on the ③罢工：The workers went on strike for better brink of ruin. pay. ★应试区分：in ruins固定搭配必考；ruin强调"变 ④打击，撞击：The ship struck a rock. 糟"，destroy强调"彻底毁掉"。 ★应试区分：灾害/疾病用"侵袭”；想法用"t strikes sb.that";工人用"罢工"。 3 damage 4 survive ①n.损害，破坏（不可数）：The storm caused ①v.幸存，生存（及物，不接from):Only one serious damage to the crops. passenger survived the crash. 第5页/共6页 ②n.损害赔偿金（可数，复数damages):He ②v.比.活得长：She survived her husband by was ordered to pay damages. ten years. ③v.损害：Smoking can damage your health, ★应试区分：survive the accident(W);survive ★应试区分：do damage to必考；damages(复 from the accident(x)。 数)=赔偿金，高考阅读偶考。 5 relief 6 effect ①n.宽慰，安心：To my relief,the exam was ①n.影响，效果：have an effect on easy. ②n.结果，后果：cause and effect ②n,救济，援助：The government sent relief to ③in effect实际上；come into effect生效 the flood victims ★应试区分：affect(v.)vs.effect(n.)高考必 ③n.减轻，缓解：The drug brought relief from 考辨析。 pain. ★应试区分：to one's relief必考；relief作"救 济"时搭配relief supplies/funds。 7 measure 8 bury ①n.措施（常用复数）：take measures to do ①v.埋葬：He was buried in the churchyard. sth. ②v.掩埋，埋藏：The house was buried under ②v.测量：Measure the length of the room. the snow. ③n.衡量标准：a measure of success ③be buried in埋头于：He was buried in his book. ★应试区分：take measures to do必考； measure作"措施"时用复数。 ★应试区分：be buried in高考高频，表示"专心 于"。 9 trap 10 occur ①v.困住，使陷入困境：They were trapped in ①v.发生：The accident occurred at midnight. the burning building. ②v.出现，存在：The idea never occurred to ②n.陷阱：set a trap me. ③v.诱骗：trap sb.into doing sth. ③It occurs to sb..that某人突然想到 ★应试区分：be trapped in必考；trap sb.into ★应试区分：occur是不及物动词，无被动； doing高考偶考。 happen/,take place/occur辨析必考。 第6页/共6页