Unit 5 Natural Disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（冀教版）

Unit 5 Natural Disasters 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句 女同步语法二：定语从句与同位语从句辨析 语法精讲精练 （一）)基本定义 限定性定语从句是定语从句的一种，用于修饰先行词，对其进行限制和明确，指明“哪一个“或 “哪一类”。它对先行词起必不可少的作用，如果去掉，句子的意思就会变得不完整或含糊不 清。限定性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号，是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中的核心考 点。 (二)核心用法与关系词选择 限定性定语从句的关键在于正确选择关系词（关系代词或关系副词），其选择依据为：先行词 在从句中充当的成分以及先行词是人还是物。具体如下表： 所指 在从句中充 关系词 先行 当的成分 例句（高考难度） 词 The students who study hard will succeed. who 主语、宾语 (The man who I met yesterday is a scientist.(宾) 宾语（正 The professor whom we invited gave a whom 式，可省略) speech.(宾，可省) which 物 主语、宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine. (The film which we saw was moving. (宾) The girl that speaks English well is my 人或 that 主语、宾语 cousin.(人，主)I like the house that has a 物 big garden.(物，主) 人或 定语（.… I know the writer whose novels are popular. whose 物 (A)Look at the tree whose leaves are 的) yellow.(物) I still remember the day when I first came when 时间 时间状语 here. where 地点 地点状语 This is the school where I studied why 原因 原因状语 The reason why he was late is unknown. (三)核心考点详解 1.关系代词that与which的用法区别（高考必考点） 只能用that的情况（先行词为下列情形时）： ①先行词是不定代词：all,everything,nothing,anything,little,few,much,none, the one等。 O例句：All that can be done has been done, ②先行词被最高级修饰：the best,the most interesting等。 g例句：This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen ③先行词被序数词修饰：the first,the second,the last等。 O例句：He is the first person that comes to school. ④先行词被the only,the very,the same修饰。 ②例句：The only thing that matters is your health. ⑤先行词既有人又有物。 Q例句：We talked about the people and places that we had visited. 只能用which的情况（不能使用that)： ①非限制性定语从句中（注意：限定性定语从句也可用which,但非限中只能which)。 ②介词+关系代词结构中，必须用which(指物)或whom(指人)。 O例句：The house in which he lives is old.(只能用which,.不能用that) 2.关系副词when,where,why与“介词+which"的转换 关系副词在从句中作状语，相当于“介词+which”。 when in/on/at which where in/on/at which why for which Q例句：I remember the days when(=in which)we worked together, O例句：This is the factory where(=in which)my father works, 3.“介词+whom/which"结构（高考高频） 如果定语从句中的谓语动词是固定搭配（如look for,wait for,depend on),介词通常 放在动词之后；如果是根据句意临时搭配的介词（如through which,by means of which),则要将介词提前。 ⊙例句：The man to whom you talked is our boss.(talk to sb.) ⑧例句：The knife with which he cut the bread is sharp,(cut sth.with a knife) 4.限定性定语从句Vs非限制性定语从句 逗号是关键标志：限制性无逗▣号，非限制有逗号。 限制性：对先行词有明确限制，去掉后句意不完整。 例句：The students who are lazy will fail,.(只有懒的学生会失败，其他学生不一 定) 非限制性：对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后句意仍然完整。不能使用that,不能用who 代替whom(正式语体)。 例句：My sister,who lives in Beijing,is a doctor.(只有一位姐姐，补充说明她住 北京) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.关系词的选择：根据先行词在从句中的成分确定。 例句：The factory where we visited last year is very big.（×visited是及物动 词，后面缺宾语，要用which/that) E:The factory which/that we visited last year is very big 易错：误用关系副词代替关系代词。 2.只用that/只用which的规则（见上文）。 3.whose的用法：既可指人也可指物，意为“..的”。 例句：The building whose windows are broken is dangerous. 4.介词+关系代词：注意介词的选择来自从句中的固定搭配或上下文语义。 例句：The dictionary from which I learned a lot is very useful, 5.as与which在限制性定语从句中的区别（选考，但高考也涉及）：as可放句首，which 不能；as常与such,the same连用。 例句：As is known to all,the earth is round.(as指代整个句子，位于句首) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The only thing I can do is to wait for him A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.This is the most interesting book I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.as 3.I'll never forget the village I spent my childhood A.which B.that C.where D.in which 4.The man you talked with just now is my uncle A.who B.which C.whose D.what 5.Is there anything I can do for you? A.which B.that C.what D.as 6.The reason he was absent is still unknown. A.why B.that C.which D.for which 7.The factory I work is very large. A.which B.that C.where D,in that 8.The student parents are both doctors won the prize. A.who B.which C.whose D.that 9.He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited A.which B.that C.who D.whom 10.The pen he wrote the letter is now missing. A.with which B.which C.that D.with that (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系代词或关系副词（可含介词+关系代词）。 1.The only film I have seen twice is Titanic 2.This is the factory my father worked ten years ago 3.Do you know the reason he didn't come? 4.The girl hair is blonde is from Canada. 5.I still remember the day_ we first met. 6.The house windows face south belongs to my grandfather. 7.Is there anyone can answer this question? 8.The box she put her jewels is very safe (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（关系代词或关系副词)，每空一词。 Last summer,I went back to my hometown,a small town 1. I was born. The first thing 2. caught my eyes was the old bridge 3. stood across the river.It was built in 1980,the year 4.my grandfather was still alive. I visited the primary school 5. I studied.The teacher 6. taught me English was still there.She introduced me to a boy 7. parents were both farmers.The boy showed me a book 8.cover was torn,but he treasured it. The reason 9. I felt so excited was that everything reminded me of my childhood.I met an old friend 10.I hadn't seen for years.He told me about the changes 11. had taken place in our town.The only thing 12. remains unchanged is people's kindness. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.A 选择 (仁)用适 当的关系词 1.that 2.where 3.why 4.whose 5.when 6.whose 7.that/who 8.in which(或where) 填空 (三)篇章 1.where 2.that 3.which/that 4.when 5.where 6.who/that; 语法填空 7.whose 8.whose 9.why 10.whom/that 11.that/which 12.that 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词，对先行词起限定或描述 作用。关系词在从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 2.同位语从句：在复合句中跟在某些抽象名词（如fact,idea,news,hope,belief, thought,doubt,question,problem等)之后，对名词的内容进行解释说明的从句。 连接词that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 (二)核心区别（高考必考辨析） 比较项目 定语从句 同位语从句 从句性质 修饰先行词，起限定或描述作用 解释说明先行词的具体内容 通常是抽象名词(fact,idea,news, 先行词特征 任何名词或代词 hope等) 关系词that 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表 在从句中不充当任何成分；无实义，只 的作用 语；意为“那个” 起连接作用 关系词能否 that作宾语时可省略 that不能省略 省略 引导词是否 that可替换为 通常只用that(偶尔用whether, 可替换 which/who/whom等 what,how,但that最常见) 从句完整性 去掉从句后，先行词意思不完整 去掉从句后，先行词意思空洞，需要内 (需限定) 容填充 从句位置 紧跟先行词之后 必须紧跟先行词之后，不能分割 (三)辨析技巧（三步法） @看先行词：若先行词是抽象名词(fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought, question,,problem,suggestion等)，优先考虑同位语从句；若是普通名词(person, thing,place,.reason等)，则为定语从句。 ②看从句是否完整：若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语（即成分残缺），则为定语从句；若从 句句子结构完整（主谓宾齐全），则为同位语从句。 ③试替换法：若that可以替换为which/who/whom/whose,且意思通顺，则为定语 从句；若替换后意思不通顺或语法错误，则为同位语从句。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区分 例句l:The idea that he came up with at the meeting is great.(定语从 句，that作came up with的宾语) 例句2：The idea that we should start earlier is wise..(同位语从句，that引 导的从句解释idea的内容) 2.whether引导的同位语从句（一般不引导定语从句) 例句：The question whether he will come remains unanswered.(同位语从 句) 3同位语从句的时态配合：主句时态为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态 例句：The news that they have finished the project is exciting, 4.定语从句中关系副词的使用与同位语从句的区分 例句l:I still remember the day when we first met.(定语从句，when在从 句中作时间状语) 例句2：The question when we will set off has not been decided.(同位语从 句，when引导从句解释question内容) 5.易混点：名词+that从句，先行词为reason时 The reason why he was late is that he got up late.(定语从句，why 作状语) The reason that he explained to us is acceptable.(定语从句，that作 explained的宾语) There is no reason that he should be angry.(同位语从句，that从句解释 reason的实质内容，从句完整) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The fact he didn't attend the meeting surprised us all. A.that B.which C.what D.why 2.The news the Chinese team won the gold medal spread quickly. A.which B.that C.what D.whether 3.The idea he proposed at the meeting sounded practical. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 4.The question we should invest in the project is still under discussion. A.which B.that C.whether D.when 5.The reason he gave for being late was unconvincing A.why B.that C.for which D.what 6.I have no doubt he will pass the exam A.whether B.that C.which D,if 7.The possibility the plan will be canceled worries many people A.which B.what C.that D.whether 8.The house roof was damaged in the storm needs repair. A.that B.which C.whose D.where 9.The suggestion we leave immediately was accepted by everyone. A.that B.which C.what D.whether 10.The way he solved the problem was creative A.that B.which C.in which D.all of the above (二)判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句，并在括号内填写“定语从句”或“同位语 从句”(6小题) 1.The news that our team won the championship is false.( 2.The girl that wears a red dress is my sister.( 3.There is a possibility that he has forgotten the appointment.( 4.The fact that we have known is important.( 5.I made a promise that I would help him.( 6.The promise that he made to his parents was fulfilled.( (三)用适当的连接词填空(10小题) 1.The thought he might fail the test never occurred to him. 2.Do you know the reason she was absent yesterday? 3.The problem we have enough time to finish it remains to be solved. 4.The suggestion the teacher gave us was very helpful. 5.There is no doubt hard work leads to success. 6.The woman lives next door is a famous writer. 7.The rumor the company is going bankrupt turned out to be false. 8.I can't remember the day_ we first met. 9.The question should take charge of the project is not decided. 10.The belief all men are created equal is widely accepted. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.C;9.A;10.D 选择 (二)判断 1.同位语从句；2.定语从句；3.同位语从句；4.定语从句；5.同位语从句； 句子类型 6.定语从句 (三)用适 当的连接词 1.that 2.why 3.whether 4.that which 5.that 6.that who; 填空 7.that 8.when 9.who 10.that