Unit 2 Grammar 讲义 2026-2027学年译林版英语七年级上册

Unit 2 Hobbies　Grammar 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 2 Hobbies — Grammar 课　　型 语法课（第三课时·45分钟） 年　　级 七年级上册 版　　本 译林版（2024）英语七年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 掌握行为动词一般现在时的三种用法（经常性动作/客观真理/当前状态）与三种句式结构（肯定/否定/疑问）,掌握第三人称单数变化五条规则：一般+s、辅音+y→ies、-ch/-sh/-ss/-x+es、辅音+o+es、have→has 【教学难点】 在否定句和疑问句中正确使用助动词 do/does，并确保其后的行为动词还原为原形,在实际交际中根据语境准确选择时态与人称（三单加 s、助动词配套回答） 词汇速览 fly /flaɪ/ v. 飞；放飞（fly a kite 放风筝——三单 flies：辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 es；Sometimes, he flies a kite in the park. 有时他在公园放风筝。） match /mætʃ/ n. 比赛；火柴（watch football matches 看足球比赛；a football match 一场足球赛——以 -ch 结尾，三单 watches 加 es；He also watches football matches. 他还看足球比赛。） （一）热身 · 爱好问答复习 【过渡语】上一课读懂了 Daniel 的科学迷故事——这节课把他故事里的动词规律拿出来解剖。 Free talk：What do you like doing in your free time?——I like ...（复习 like+doing 与爱好表达） 【知识点】 ▶热身即复习：like+doing 是上一单元的语法红线，本课的行为动词一般现在时在爱好语境里继续生长。 （二）三种用法 · 三个 Daniel 例句 We use the simple present tense when we talk about：Use 1 Things that we often do——Daniel often visits science museums.（经常做的事，often 是标志词；再例：I often go to the Art Club after school.／Amy goes swimming every week.） Use 2 Things that are always true——Science changes people's lives.（恒真的事实；再例：Fish live in water.／Light travels faster than sound.） Use 3 Things that are true now——Daniel likes to take things apart.（现在的真实情况；再例：The girl sings very well.／Now I want to be a scientist.） 【知识点】 ▶三种用法三个例句各认领一个：often visits（习惯）／Science changes（真理）／likes to take（现在偏好）——判断用法看时间特征：有 often/every 选第一类，说常识选第二类，说当下选第三类。 【提示框】 三类的动词都可能是三单——用法不影响动词形式，主语的人称才决定：Daniel（he）→visits/likes，Science（不可数当三单）→changes。 一般现在时三种用法例句页 （三）句式解剖 · 肯定否定疑问 肯定句：I/You/We/They like sport.／He/She/It likes sport.（三单主语动词加 s） 否定句：I/You/We/They do not like sport.／He/She/It does not like sport.（do not=don't、does not=doesn't；does 后动词还原原形） 疑问句：Do I/you/we/they like sport?／Does he/she/it like sport?——回答：Yes, I/you/we/they do.／Yes, he/she/it does.；No, ...do not.／...does not. Work out the rule：we use do with I, you, we and they；we use does with he, she and it——在疑问句和否定句中，助动词之后的行为动词均用原形。 【知识点】 ▶do/does 分工表：do 管 I/you/we/they（复数），does 管 he/she/it（三单）——助动词把「时态与否定/疑问」的活全干了，所以后面的动词必须还原原形，does 后再加 s 就是双重三单错误。 （四）课堂操练一 · 八空三单 The Class 1, Grade 7 students have different hobbies. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs（dance/go/fly/love/play/read/watch/want）： 1 Millie loves reading. She reads every evening.（love→loves、read→reads）2 Simon plays football every week. He also watches football matches.（play→plays、watch→watches） 3 David goes for a walk on Saturdays. Sometimes, he flies a kite in the park.（go→goes、fly→flies——辅音+y 变 ies）4 Kitty likes dancing. She dances for half an hour every day. She wants to learn all kinds of dances.（dance→dances、want→wants） 【知识点】 ▶八空集齐三单规则一条龙：直接+s（loves/reads/plays）、ch 结尾+es（watches）、o 结尾+es（goes）、辅音+y 变 ies（flies）、e 结尾+s（dances/wants）——八个人主语全是三单，动词全变形。 【提示框】 第 2 空 watches：watch 以 ch 结尾，三单必须加 es 不能只加 s——「看比赛」是本课检测的高频短语。 八空三单填空页 （五）课堂操练二 · Do/Does 五问 Complete the questions and then use the information in the table to answer them： 1 Do Sandy and Kitty enjoy listening to music? —Yes, they do.（两人复数→Do）2 Does Millie like swimming? —No, she doesn't.（三单→Does） 3 Does Amy enjoy reading? —No, she doesn't. 4 Does Daniel like jogging? —No, he doesn't.（三单→Does）5 Do Simon and Daniel love drawing? —No, they don't.（两人→Do） 正式表达：do not/does not；非正式表达：don't/doesn't——口语与书面语各有一套。 【知识点】 ▶问句选 Do 还是 Does 只看主语：两人（Sandy and Kitty/Simon and Daniel）→Do+复数回答（they do/they don't）；一人（Millie/Amy/Daniel）→Does+单数回答（she/he doesn't）——问与答的助动词要配套。 Do/Does 五问表格页 （六）课堂操练三 · 对话十二空 【过渡语】规则全会了——十二空对话把肯定、否定、疑问一网打尽。 Amy and Sandy are talking about their hobbies. Complete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets： Amy: Hi, Sandy. What's your hobby? Sandy: I like painting. I often paint at my aunt's house. My aunt knows so much about art. She helps me a lot. What about you? Do you like art?（like/knows/helps/Do/like） Amy: No, I don't, but I like sport. I often go swimming. Sandy: Great! Do you go with your parents?（go/Do/go）Amy: Yes. My dad loves swimming and he always goes swimming with me. My mum doesn't like swimming. She watches us swim.（loves/goes/doesn't like/watches） 【知识点】 ▶十二空四类题全占：三单肯定（knows/helps/loves/goes/watches）、原形（like/go/paint）、Do 疑问（Do you like/go）、doesn't 否定（doesn't like）——She watches us swim 里 swim 是省 to 不定式作宾补，先认出来再填。 【提示框】 第 11 空 doesn't like：mum 是三单→doesn't，like 还原原形——「助动之后用原形」口诀的正宗考法。 （七）结对报告 · 正反对比说爱好 Work in pairs. Talk with your partner about your and your friends' hobbies, using the correct forms of the verbs. 范例：In our group, Tom likes reading because he thinks reading is fun but he doesn't like running because he doesn't do well in running. Nancy loves swimming because it makes her relaxed and cool but she is not a fan of singing because she thinks it is too difficult to sing well. Allen enjoys playing basketball because he is good at it and he often watches basketball matches on TV but he doesn't like drawing because he thinks it is boring. 【知识点】 ▶爱好报告公式：likes/loves/enjoys + doing because 原因（正面）＋but doesn't like + because 原因（反面）——一段话一正一反，三单动词贯穿 always，报告才立体。 【提示框】 don't do well in（不擅长）是反面理由的好表达：He doesn't like running because he doesn't do well in running.——两个 doesn't 各司其职。 （八）规则总纲 · 三用法三句式与三单五条 三种用法：1 经常性/习惯性动作（常与 always/usually/often/sometimes/every day 等频度副词或时间状语连用——She reads every evening.）；2 现在的状态、特征或能力（常用 like/love/want/know/help——My dad loves swimming.）；3 客观真理或科学事实（Science changes people's lives.／The sun rises in the east.） 三种句式：肯定句=主语+行为动词（原形或三单）；否定句=主语+do/does not+动词原形（don't/doesn't）；疑问句=Do/Does+主语+动词原形?（回答 Yes, 主语+do/does.／No, 主语+don't/doesn't.） 三单变化规则五条：一般情况直接+s（like→likes, change→changes）；辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加-es（study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries）；以-ch/-sh/-ss/-x 结尾加-es（watch→watches, wash→washes, fix→fixes）；辅音字母+o 结尾加-es（go→goes, do→does）；特殊不规则单独记（have→has） 核心口诀：「三单变化有规则，否疑助动要记得；助动之后用原形，时态语境要吻合。」 【知识点】 ▶三单五条一张表背下来：+s／ies／+es（ch,sh,ss,x）／+es（辅音+o）／has——每条配一个例词，检测词形题全部从表里出。 【提示框】 fix 以 x 结尾→fixes；do 以辅音+o 结尾→does（注意与助动词 does 同形不同职）——两个长得一样的 does，一个是动词三单、一个是助动词。 三单变化规则表页 （九）语言点五条 · 例句回炉 【过渡语】规则背熟了再回到 Daniel 的四个句子——每句都是一条规则的活教材。 ①Daniel often visits science museums.——描述反复发生的习惯性动作，often 是标志性词汇，主语 Daniel（he）三单→visits。例：She usually reads books before bed. ②Science changes people's lives.——陈述不受时间限制的客观事实，Science 不可数名词视为三单→changes。例：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起） ③Daniel likes to take things apart.——描述心理状态与偏好，like 三单→likes；take things apart 意为「拆卸」，课本核心短语。 ④He does not like sport.／My mum doesn't like swimming.——三单否定句借助 doesn't，其后的行为动词必须还原为原形（like 不能加 s）；I/you/we/they 用 don't。例：She doesn't eat meat. ⑤Does she help you a lot? —Yes, she does.／No, she doesn't.——一般疑问句将助动词 Do/Does 提至句首，助动词后的动词一律原形，回答 Yes, 主语+do/does.／No, 主语+don't/doesn't. 例：Do they play football every day? —Yes, they do.▶五句对应五条规则：often+三单／不可数当三单／like to do 偏好／doesn't+原形／Does 提前——句句能贴回前面的规则表，语法就学「活」了。 （十）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（行为动词一般现在时专项），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. B　2. C　二、3. reads　4. doesn't like　5. Does; watch　6. rises　7. go 一、单项选择 1. — __________ Tom play basketball after school? — No, he __________. He often does his homework. A. Do; don't　B. Does; doesn't　C. Is; isn't　D. Does; don't 2. Which sentence is CORRECT about the simple present tense? A. She go to school at 7:00 every day.　B. He doesn't likes swimming. C. Water boils at 100°C.　D. Do she often read novels? 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 3. She __________ (read) English books every morning. 4. My brother __________ (not like) playing computer games. 5. — __________ your father __________ (watch) TV in the evening? — Yes, he does. 6. The sun __________ (rise) in the east. 7. They often __________ (go) to the library on Sundays. （十一）小结与作业 Summary：三大用法——描述经常性/习惯性动作（常伴 often 等频度副词）、陈述客观真理/科学事实、表达当前状态或心理特征（like/want）；三种句式——肯定句（三单加-s/-es）、否定句（don't/doesn't+原形）、疑问句（Do/Does 提句首，回答用 Yes/No+do/does/don't/doesn't）；三单五条规则——+s／辅音+y→ies／ch,sh,ss,x+es／辅音+o+es／have→has；核心口诀——「三单变化有规则，否疑助动要记得；助动之后用原形，时态语境要吻合。」 Homework：Review——Make 3 sentences about your hobby using the simple present tense (affirmative, negative & question).（用一般现在时写 3 句关于自己爱好的句子：肯定、否定、疑问各一句）。Preview——Preview the next lesson. 预习下一课。 【提示框】 作业自查三连：三单动词有没有加 s（或 es/ies）？否定句助动词后的动词是不是原形？疑问句的 Do/Does 与回答配套吗？——三处全对才算过关。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元语法课（第三课时）：热身——What do you like doing in your free time? I like...（复习 like+doing）。一般现在时三种用法（行为动词版）：Use 1 Things that we often do（经常做的事——Daniel often visits science museums.／I often go to the Art Club after school.／Amy goes swimming every week.）；Use 2 Things that are always true（恒真的事实——Science changes people's lives.／Fish live in water.／Light travels faster than sound.）；Use 3 Things that are true now（现在的真实情况——Daniel likes to take things apart.／The girl sings very well.／Now I want to be a scientist.）。句式解剖：肯定句——I/You/We/They like sport.／He/She/It likes sport.；否定句——I/You/We/They do not like sport.／He/She/It does not like sport.；疑问句——Do I/you/we/they like sport?／Does he/she/it like sport?（回答 Yes, ...do./does.／No, ...do not./does not.）——规律：do 与 I/you/we/they 连用，does 与 he/she/it 连用；助动词之后的行为动词均用原形。课堂操练一（八空三单）：1 Millie loves reading. She reads every evening. 2 Simon plays football every week. He also watches football matches. 3 David goes for a walk on Saturdays. Sometimes, he flies a kite in the park. 4 Kitty likes dancing. She dances for half an hour every day. She wants to learn all kinds of dances.。操练二（Do/Does 五问）：1 Do Sandy and Kitty enjoy listening to music? —Yes, they do. 2 Does Millie like swimming? —No, she doesn't. 3 Does Amy enjoy reading? —No, she doesn't. 4 Does Daniel like jogging? —No, he doesn't. 5 Do Simon and Daniel love drawing? —No, they don't.（formal：do not/does not；informal：don't/doesn't）。操练三（对话十二空）：Amy: Hi, Sandy. What's your hobby? Sandy: I like painting. I often paint at my aunt's house. My aunt knows so much about art. She helps me a lot. What about you? Do you like art? Amy: No, I don't, but I like sport. I often go swimming. Sandy: Great! Do you go with your parents? Amy: Yes. My dad loves swimming and he always goes swimming with me. My mum doesn't like swimming. She watches us swim.。结对报告：In our group, Tom likes reading because he thinks reading is fun but he doesn't like running because he doesn't do well in running.（正反对比+原因）。语法详解——三种用法：1 经常性/习惯性动作（常与 always/usually/often/sometimes/every day 等连用）；2 现在的状态、特征或能力（like/love/want/know/help）；3 客观真理或科学事实（Science changes people's lives.）。三种句式：肯定句=主语+行为动词（原形或三单）；否定句=主语+do/does not+动词原形（do not=don't、does not=doesn't）；疑问句=Do/Does+主语+动词原形?（回答 Yes, 主语+do/does.／No, 主语+don't/doesn't.）。三单变化规则五条：一般情况直接+s（like→likes, play→plays, read→reads, change→changes）；辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加-es（study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries）；以-ch/-sh/-ss/-x 结尾加-es（watch→watches, wash→washes, dress→dresses, fix→fixes）；辅音字母+o 结尾加-es（go→goes, do→does）；特殊不规则（have→has）。语言点五条：often 是习惯性动作的标志性词汇（visits 三单）；Science 不可数名词视为三单（changes）；likes to take things apart 表心理偏好（take things apart 拆卸）；doesn't 后动词还原原形（He doesn't like sport.）；Does 提句首回答用 Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.。核心口诀：「三单变化有规则，否疑助动要记得；助动之后用原形，时态语境要吻合。」检测——选择两题（—Does Tom play basketball? —No, he doesn't.→B；Water boils at 100°C.→C）＋词形五题（reads/doesn't like/Does; watch/rises/go）。作业——用一般现在时写 3 句关于自己爱好的句子（肯定、否定、疑问各一句）；预习下一课。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $