内容正文:
Unit 5 Power of Ideas
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Section A What changes can inventions bring to our lives?
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1. 生产;繁育
2. 发明;编造
3. 认为;推断
4. (使)融化;逐渐消失
5. 获得;取得
Noun 名词
6. 发明;创造
7. 照相机;(电影)摄影机
8. 笔记本电脑
9. 墨镜
10. 按钮;扣子
11. 打印机;印刷公司
12. (计算机的)文件;文件夹
13. 电话
14. 车轮;轮子
15. 层;表层
16. 管道;管子;烟斗
17. 旅游业
Adjective 形容词
18. 超级的;顶好的
19. 东部的;向东的
20. 冻硬的;冰封的
21. 经济的;经济学的
Pronoun 代词
22. 它自己
多重词性词
23.n.塑料 adj.塑料的
Section B How do we turn ideas into reality?
Verb动词
1. 买得起;能做
Noun 名词
2. 现实;事实
3. 造纸工艺;造纸业
4. 青铜
5. 制品;陶器
6. 石头;岩石
7. 黄麻纤维
8. 纤维;纤维素
9. 官员;高级职员
10. 作坊;讲习班
11. 树皮
12. 创造;作品
13. 诞生;出现
14. 公司;陪伴
15. 歌曲集
16. 生产;制作
17. 滑翔机
Adjective 形容词
18. 作为原因的;有责任的
19. 迅速的;瞬间的
20. 昂贵的;价格高的
21. 合适的;适宜的
22. 黏(性)的;闷热的
Adverb 副词
23. 迅速地;快速地
24. 逐渐地;逐步地
25. 广泛地;普遍地
Pronoun 代词
26. 没有一个;毫无
多重词性词
27. v.塑造 n.形状
28. adj.理想的;最合适的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)
29. adj.某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些
30. n.液体 adj.液体的
31. adj.便宜的 adv.低廉地
二.重点短语背默
1. 高速列车
2. 许多;大量
3. 首次;第一次
4. 那时;在那个时候
5. 也;还
6. 对……有很大的影响
7. 全世界
8. 应当做(某事)或是(某物)
9. 据信……
10. 由……制成的
11. 取决于;依赖
12. 引起某事
13. 令某人惊讶的是
14. 因某事而称赞某人
15. 后来;其后
16. (使)加速
17. 导致;造成
18. 试图找到做某事的方法
三.重点句子背默
1. ——彼得,你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么?—— 一定是收音机。
—What do you think is of all time, Peter?—It has to be the radio.
2. 突然间,新闻可以在几秒钟内传遍全世界。
, news around the world in .
3. 收音机让人们欣赏世界各地艺术家的音乐变得更容易。
The radio for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.
4. 世界各地的人们通过互联网相互联系。
People all over the world .
5. 按下按钮启动机器时,它本不该发出这么大的噪声。
It make such a loud noise when the button start the machine.
6. 在夏季,冻土的表层会融化,变得过于松软而无法在上面修建,所以管道就被用来保持地基坚硬。
In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become , so pipes .
7. 作为一项重要且成功的工程,这条铁路推动了该地区旅游业的发展与经济的增长。
, the railway has increased tourism and in the area.
8. 修建这条铁路所积累的经验与汲取的教训,将有助于改善全球其他类似地区的交通状况。
The lessons learnt and from building this railway will help (to) improve transport
in the world.
9. 它比其他任何发明更能推动信息的快速传播,从而塑造了我们这个现代世界
It, that shaped our modern world.
10. 然而,所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存,要么非常昂贵。
However, all of these materials .
11. 后来,造纸术不仅加速了中华文化的发展进程,也改变了世界各地的文明
, the papermaking technique
around the world.
12. 在随后的几个世纪里,造纸术与印刷术的应用相结合,使得书籍的数量迅速增长。
When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it
.
13. 因此,各国人民之间的交流现在变得更加便捷,世界也变成一个更小的地方
As a result, communication among people in different countries is now , and the world .
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:What changes can inventions bring to our lives? (教材P42 Section A 标题)
invention /ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 发明;创造
由“invent (v. 发明) + -ion (名词后缀)”构成,表示“发明物”时为可数名词,表示“发明的行为”时为不可数名词。
This isn’t just for fun—it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems.这项发明不只是为了有趣——它展示了人类如何模仿大自然来解决问题。
Necessity is the mother of .需求是发明之母。
词形拓展
invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明;创造
Edison a lot of things. He is a great and he is famous for his .爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家,他因他的发明而闻名。
考点2:A button on Smart Cook should be pressed before cooking. (教材P42 1c)
含情态动词的被动语态
本句中should be pressed为含有情态动词的被动语态,其基本结构为“情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的-ed形式”,否定形式为“情态动词+not+助动词be+及物动词的-ed形式”。
Students allowed to make decisions by themselves.学生应该被允许自己做决定。
Waste paper should not here.废纸不应该扔在这里。
用法拓展
含有情态动词的被动语态变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。
Can the sentence this way? 这个句子可以这样翻译吗?
考点3:Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook. (教材P42 1c)
hundreds of 许多;大量
hundreds of 表示约数,后接可数名词复数,其前不用数词修饰。但 hundred前有基数词或表示数量的限定词时,词尾不加-s,且不与of连用。
thousand “千”、million “百万”和 billion “十亿”的用法与 hundred相同。
Although there are only about teachers and students in this school, sweet moments take place here every day.虽然这所学校只有大约两百名师生,但每天这里都发生许多美好的瞬间。
考点4:Finally, the object is produced by building up plastic. (教材P43 2c)
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产;繁育
We pride ourselves on producing high-quality .我们以生产高质量的产品而自豪。
An adult cat may kittens three times a year.一只成年猫一年可能生三窝小猫。
词义拓展
[不可数名词] 产品;(尤指)农产品
The shop sells only fresh local . 这家商店只售当地的新鲜农产品。
考点5:Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. (教材P44 3a)
invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明;编造
【辨】create, discover与invent
create
创造;创建
指通过想象力等创造出新事物,通常是抽象事物,如艺术、文学作品等,也可指具体的产品
discover
发现
指找到已经存在但以前不为人知的事物,如科学规律、 资源、星系等
invent
发明;编造
指通过研究和设计,制造出以前不存在的新物品或新方法,如工具、方法、材料等
The man a new kind of music.那个人创造了一种新的音乐形式。
The man some jewellery in the box.那个人在箱子里发现了一些珠宝。
Edison the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。
考点6:It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. (教材P46 1b)
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的;有责任的
① 作为原因的
responsible for sth. 引起某事
The floods over a hundred deaths.洪水造成一百多人死亡。
② 有责任的
be responsible for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事负责任
We should what we share online.我们应该对我们在网上分享的东西负责。
Mary training new staff.玛丽负责培训新员工。
词义拓展
[形容词] 可靠的,可信任的
You can leave the children with Billy—he’s very .你可以把孩子们交给比利,他非常可靠。
shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状
① v. 塑造;影响……的发展
Like it or not, our families our lives and make us what we are. 不管喜欢与否,我们的家庭塑造我们的生活并铸就我们的个性。
② n. 形状
in shape 在形状上
in the shape of 呈……形状
out of shape 变形的,走样的
This island is square .这个岛呈正方形。
My grandma can cut out patterns cartoon characters.我奶奶可以剪出卡通人物形状的图案。
His old hat is .他的旧帽子已不成样子了。
考点7:However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. (教材P46 1b)
either...or... 或者……或者……;要么……要么……
表示从两者中任选其一,用于连接两个并列成分。当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与离其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
We can go to the movies go shopping this evening. We don’t have enough time to do both. 今晚我们要么去看电影,要么去购物。我们没有足够的时间做两件事。
Either Jenny or the twins going to the cinema with me.要么珍妮,要么那对双胞胎要和我一起去看电影。
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
反义词为cheap“便宜的”,常用expensive或cheap来形容物品的贵或便宜。
This coat is too . Please show me a cheap one.这件外套太贵了。请给我拿一件便宜的。
She got an handbag as a birthday gift from her uncle.她收到了叔叔送的一个昂贵的手提包作为生日礼物。
用法拓展
表示价格的高或低要用high或low。
The price of this kind of tea is and that kind is .这种茶叶的价格高,那种的价格低。
考点8:Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. (教材P46 1b)
none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个;毫无
none
no one
没有一个;毫无
没有人
既可指人,也可指物
只能指人
可单独使用,也可与of连用,后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数
相当于nobody,一般单独使用,不与of连用
① “none of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
② “none of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
常用来回答how many或how much(提问数量)引导的特殊疑问句
常用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句
1.—How many apples can you see on the tree?你能看到树上有多少个苹果?
— . 一个也没有。
2.None of the news very exciting.没有一条消息是激动人心的。
3.None of these pens .这些钢笔没有一支能用。
4.No one/Nobody perfect.人无完人。
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 最合适的;理想的 n. 理想;完美的人(或事物)
考点9:From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. (教材P46 1b)
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些
① [形容词]&[代词] 某些
certain of... ……中的一些/若干
people might disagree with this.某些人对这事可能不会赞同。(作形容词)
of the students have finished their homework.某些学生已经完成了他们的家庭作业。(作代词)
② [形容词] 确定的→反义词为uncertain“不确定的”
be certain of/about... 对……确信无疑
be certain to do sth. 确定会做某事
for certain 肯定;确定;无疑
be certain + (that)从句 确定……
She winning the English speech contest.她对赢得英语演讲比赛确信无疑。
She is certain pass the exam because she has studied hard.她一定会通过考试,因为她学习很努力。
No one knows when the meeting will start.没人确定会议什么时候开始。
I that he will keep his promise.我确定他会遵守诺言。
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的;适宜的
由“suit (v. 适合) + -able (形容词后缀)”构成。
be suitable for 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
Yunnan visiting all year round.云南一年四季都适合游览。
I don’t think you are suitable the job.我认为你不适合做这份工作。
考点10:Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. (教材P46 1b)
speed up (使)加速
反义短语为slow down “(使)放慢速度”。
The train gradually after leaving the station.火车离开车站后,逐渐加快了速度。
Can you try and a bit?你能不能设法加快一点事情的进度?
not only...but (also)... 不仅……而且……
① 用于连接两个并列成分。
The story is not only but (also) .这个故事不仅有趣,而且有教育意义。
Su Shi has a great influence on people for his poems, for his optimistic spirit.苏轼对人们的影响不仅在于他的诗歌,还在于他的乐观精神。
② 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要与其靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
Not only the teacher but (also) the students against the plan.不仅那位老师,学生们也反对该项计划。
Not only I but (also) my sister dancing.不仅我,连我妹妹也喜欢跳舞。
③ 连接两个并列分句且not only位于句首时,not only后的分句要使用部分倒装语序。
Not only can he speak English, but (also) he speak Chinese.他不仅会说英语,还会说汉语。
考点11:When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. (教材P46 1b)
This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. (教材P46 1b)
lead to 导致;造成 result in 造成;导致
两者为同义短语,有时可互换。
Heavy rain floods in the village.大雨造成了村庄的洪水。
His actions could him losing his job.他的行为会让他丢掉工作。
考点12:However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. (教材P49 3a)
be looking to do sth. 试图找到做某事的方法
be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
We the environment by reducing plastic waste.我们正致力于通过减少塑料废弃物来保护环境。
He old books for children in mountain areas.他正试图找到为山区的孩子收集旧书的方法。
五.语法串讲
被动语态(Ⅰ) 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态中的执行者可由介词by引出。
Lots of students love this English song.很多学生都喜欢这首英文歌。(主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者)
This English song is loved by lots of students.这首英文歌受到很多学生的喜爱。(被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者)
知识点1 被动语态的基本构成
被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”,be有时态、人称和数的变化。
时态
被动语态的构成
例句
一般现在时
主语+am/is/are (not)+过去分词+其他.
English widely in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
一般过去时
主语+was/were (not)+过去分词+其他.
The building in 1960.这座建筑物建于1960年。
知识点2主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的句子转换为被动语态的句子,需遵循以下几个步骤:①先找出谓语动词;②再找出谓语动词后的宾语;③把宾语用作被动语态句子的主语(宾语若是人称代词,须将宾格变为主格);④再将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(若是人称代词,须将主格变为宾格);⑤注意人称、时态和数等的变化。
We plant trees every year.
→Trees by us every year.我们每年都种树。
知识点3一些关于被动语态的特殊情况
(1)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词和使役动词后面接省略to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,to要还原。
They often make me repeat the whole story.
→I often repeat the whole story by them.他们经常让我重复整个故事。
(2)一些不及物动词,如sell、wash、read、write等,在主语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动含义,和well、easily等副词连用。
These books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
(3)系动词如seem、look、smell、feel、prove等后接形容词作表语时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
The soup tastes terrible.这个汤尝起来很难喝。
Tom proves very patient and kind.事实证明汤姆很有耐心、很善良。
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“发明”,介绍一项你认为改变了世界的发明,并谈谈你的看法。
1. 这项发明是什么2. 它被谁发明的,什么时候发明的;3. 这项发明如何改变了世界;4. 你对“想法的力量”的理解。
词句背默
介绍发明... was invented by ... in ... ……由……在……年发明。
It is used for ... 它被用来……
... is one of the most important inventions. ……是最重要的发明之一。
描述发明过程
First,... Then ... Next ... Finally ... 首先……然后……接着……最后……
It was made of / from ... 它由……制成。
The inventor had difficulty in ... 发明者在……方面有困难。
描述影响与作用
The invention changed the way we ... 这项发明改变了我们……的方式。
It led to / resulted in ... 它导致了……
Without it,we could not ... 没有它,我们就不能……
1. 开头句型
Can you imagine a world without ...?你能想象一个没有……的世界吗?
One of the most important inventions in history is ...
历史上最重要的发明之一是……
The invention of ... has greatly changed the world.……的发明极大地改变了世界。
I would like to introduce an important invention.我想介绍一项重要的发明。
2. 主体句型
... was invented by ... in ...……由……在……年发明。
In ancient times,people used ... to ...在古代,人们用……来……
Before this invention,people had to ...在这项发明之前,人们不得不……
The inventor came up with a creative idea to solve the problem.发明者想出了一个有创意的办法来解决这个问题。
It was made of ... and it was cheap and easy to make.它由……制成,便宜且容易制作。
First,the materials were mixed and boiled. Then ...首先,材料被混合煮沸。然后……
3. 结尾句型
The invention changed the way we live and think.这项发明改变了我们生活和思考的方式。
It not only ... but also ...它不仅……而且……
Without doubt,it is one of the greatest inventions of all time.毫无疑问,它是有史以来最伟大的发明之一。
This invention shows that creative ideas can change the world.这项发明表明,创意可以改变世界。
写作例题
写作模板
范文
The computer has influenced me most
Technological inventions play an important part in our daily lives. Among all the inventions, the computer has influenced me most and become an essential part of my life.
$
Unit 5 Power of Ideas
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Section A What changes can inventions bring to our lives?
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1. 生产;繁育produce
2. 发明;编造invent
3. 认为;推断suppose
4. (使)融化;逐渐消失melt
5. 获得;取得gain
Noun 名词
6. 发明;创造invention
7. 照相机;(电影)摄影机camera
8. 笔记本电脑laptop
9. 墨镜sunglasses
10. 按钮;扣子button
11. 打印机;印刷公司printer
12. (计算机的)文件;文件夹file
13. 电话telephone
14. 车轮;轮子wheel
15. 层;表层layer
16. 管道;管子;烟斗pipe
17. 旅游业tourism
Adjective 形容词
18. 超级的;顶好的 super
19. 东部的;向东的eastern
20. 冻硬的;冰封的frozen
21. 经济的;经济学的economic
Pronoun 代词
22. 它自己itself
多重词性词
23.n.塑料 adj.塑料的plastic
Section B How do we turn ideas into reality?
Verb动词
1. 买得起;能做afford
Noun 名词
2. 现实;事实reality
3. 造纸工艺;造纸业papermaking
4. 青铜bronze
5. 制品;陶器ware
6. 石头;岩石stone
7. 黄麻纤维jute
8. 纤维;纤维素fibre(=fiber)
9. 官员;高级职员officer
10. 作坊;讲习班workshop
11. 树皮bark
12. 创造;作品creation
13. 诞生;出现birth
14. 公司;陪伴company
15. 歌曲集songbook
16. 生产;制作production
17. 滑翔机glider
Adjective 形容词
18. 作为原因的;有责任的responsible
19. 迅速的;瞬间的rapid
20. 昂贵的;价格高的expensive
21. 合适的;适宜的suitable
22. 黏(性)的;闷热的sticky
Adverb 副词
23. 迅速地;快速地rapidly
24. 逐渐地;逐步地gradually
25. 广泛地;普遍地widely
Pronoun 代词
26. 没有一个;毫无none
多重词性词
27. v.塑造 n.形状shape
28. adj.理想的;最合适的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)ideal
29. adj.某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些certain
30. n.液体 adj.液体的liquid
31. adj.便宜的 adv.低廉地cheap
二.重点短语背默
1. 高速列车high-speed train
2. 许多;大量hundreds (of...)
3. 首次;第一次for the first time
4. 那时;在那个时候at that time
5. 也;还as well
6. 对……有很大的影响have a big effect on...
7. 全世界around/all over the world
8. 应当做(某事)或是(某物)be supposed to do/be sth
9. 据信……it is believed that...
10. 由……制成的be made of
11. 取决于;依赖depend on
12. 引起某事responsible for sth
13. 令某人惊讶的是to one’s surprise
14. 因某事而称赞某人praise sb for sth
15. 后来;其后later on
16. (使)加速speed up
17. 导致;造成lead to/result in
18. 试图找到做某事的方法be looking to do sth
三.重点句子背默
1. ——彼得,你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么?—— 一定是收音机。
—What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter?—It has to be the radio.
2. 突然间,新闻可以在几秒钟内传遍全世界。
Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds.
3. 收音机让人们欣赏世界各地艺术家的音乐变得更容易。
The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.
4. 世界各地的人们通过互联网相互联系。
People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.
5. 按下按钮启动机器时,它本不该发出这么大的噪声。
It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.
6. 在夏季,冻土的表层会融化,变得过于松软而无法在上面修建,所以管道就被用来保持地基坚硬。
In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes were used to keep the ground hard.
7. 作为一项重要且成功的工程,这条铁路推动了该地区旅游业的发展与经济的增长。
As an important and successful project, the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area.
8. 修建这条铁路所积累的经验与汲取的教训,将有助于改善全球其他类似地区的交通状况。
The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help (to) improve transport in other similar places in the world.
9. 它比其他任何发明更能推动信息的快速传播,从而塑造了我们这个现代世界
It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
10. 然而,所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存,要么非常昂贵。
However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive.
11. 后来,造纸术不仅加速了中华文化的发展进程,也改变了世界各地的文明
Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.
12. 在随后的几个世纪里,造纸术与印刷术的应用相结合,使得书籍的数量迅速增长。
When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books.
13. 因此,各国人民之间的交流现在变得更加便捷,世界也变成一个更小的地方
As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has become a much smaller place.
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:What changes can inventions bring to our lives? (教材P42 Section A 标题)
invention /ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 发明;创造
由“invent (v. 发明) + -ion (名词后缀)”构成,表示“发明物”时为可数名词,表示“发明的行为”时为不可数名词。
This invention isn’t just for fun—it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems.这项发明不只是为了有趣——它展示了人类如何模仿大自然来解决问题。
Necessity is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。
词形拓展
invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明;创造
Edison invented a lot of things. He is a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions.爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家,他因他的发明而闻名。
考点2:A button on Smart Cook should be pressed before cooking. (教材P42 1c)
含情态动词的被动语态
本句中should be pressed为含有情态动词的被动语态,其基本结构为“情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的-ed形式”,否定形式为“情态动词+not+助动词be+及物动词的-ed形式”。
Students should be allowed to make decisions by themselves.学生应该被允许自己做决定。
Waste paper should not be thrown here.废纸不应该扔在这里。
用法拓展
含有情态动词的被动语态变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。
Can the sentence be translated this way? 这个句子可以这样翻译吗?
考点3:Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook. (教材P42 1c)
hundreds of 许多;大量
hundreds of 表示约数,后接可数名词复数,其前不用数词修饰。但 hundred前有基数词或表示数量的限定词时,词尾不加-s,且不与of连用。
thousand “千”、million “百万”和 billion “十亿”的用法与 hundred相同。
Although there are only about two hundred teachers and students in this school, hundreds of sweet moments take place here every day.虽然这所学校只有大约两百名师生,但每天这里都发生许多美好的瞬间。
考点4:Finally, the object is produced by building up plastic. (教材P43 2c)
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产;繁育
We pride ourselves on producing high-quality products.我们以生产高质量的产品而自豪。
An adult cat may produce kittens three times a year.一只成年猫一年可能生三窝小猫。
词义拓展
[不可数名词] 产品;(尤指)农产品
The shop sells only fresh local produce. 这家商店只售当地的新鲜农产品。
考点5:Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. (教材P44 3a)
invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明;编造
【辨】create, discover与invent
create
创造;创建
指通过想象力等创造出新事物,通常是抽象事物,如艺术、文学作品等,也可指具体的产品
discover
发现
指找到已经存在但以前不为人知的事物,如科学规律、 资源、星系等
invent
发明;编造
指通过研究和设计,制造出以前不存在的新物品或新方法,如工具、方法、材料等
The man created a new kind of music.那个人创造了一种新的音乐形式。
The man discovered some jewellery in the box.那个人在箱子里发现了一些珠宝。
Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。
考点6:It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. (教材P46 1b)
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的;有责任的
① 作为原因的
responsible for sth. 引起某事
The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.洪水造成一百多人死亡。
② 有责任的
be responsible for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事负责任
We should be responsible for what we share online.我们应该对我们在网上分享的东西负责。
Mary is responsible for training new staff.玛丽负责培训新员工。
词义拓展
[形容词] 可靠的,可信任的
You can leave the children with Billy—he’s very responsible.你可以把孩子们交给比利,他非常可靠。
shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状
① v. 塑造;影响……的发展
Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are. 不管喜欢与否,我们的家庭塑造我们的生活并铸就我们的个性。
② n. 形状
in shape 在形状上
in the shape of 呈……形状
out of shape 变形的,走样的
This island is square in shape.这个岛呈正方形。
My grandma can cut out patterns in the shape of cartoon characters.我奶奶可以剪出卡通人物形状的图案。
His old hat is quite out of shape.他的旧帽子已不成样子了。
考点7:However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. (教材P46 1b)
either...or... 或者……或者……;要么……要么……
表示从两者中任选其一,用于连接两个并列成分。当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与离其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
We can either go to the movies or go shopping this evening. We don’t have enough time to do both. 今晚我们要么去看电影,要么去购物。我们没有足够的时间做两件事。
Either Jenny or the twins are going to the cinema with me.要么珍妮,要么那对双胞胎要和我一起去看电影。
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的;价格高的
反义词为cheap“便宜的”,常用expensive或cheap来形容物品的贵或便宜。
This coat is too expensive. Please show me a cheap one.这件外套太贵了。请给我拿一件便宜的。
She got an expensive handbag as a birthday gift from her uncle.她收到了叔叔送的一个昂贵的手提包作为生日礼物。
用法拓展
表示价格的高或低要用high或low。
The price of this kind of tea is high and that kind is low.这种茶叶的价格高,那种的价格低。
考点8:Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. (教材P46 1b)
none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个;毫无
none
no one
没有一个;毫无
没有人
既可指人,也可指物
只能指人
可单独使用,也可与of连用,后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数
相当于nobody,一般单独使用,不与of连用
① “none of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
② “none of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
常用来回答how many或how much(提问数量)引导的特殊疑问句
常用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句
1.—How many apples can you see on the tree?你能看到树上有多少个苹果?
—None. 一个也没有。
2.None of the news was very exciting.没有一条消息是激动人心的。
3.None of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。
4.No one/Nobody is perfect.人无完人。
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 最合适的;理想的 n. 理想;完美的人(或事物)
考点9:From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. (教材P46 1b)
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些;确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些
① [形容词]&[代词] 某些
certain of... ……中的一些/若干
Certain people might disagree with this.某些人对这事可能不会赞同。(作形容词)
Certain of the students have finished their homework.某些学生已经完成了他们的家庭作业。(作代词)
② [形容词] 确定的→反义词为uncertain“不确定的”
be certain of/about... 对……确信无疑
be certain to do sth. 确定会做某事
for certain 肯定;确定;无疑
be certain + (that)从句 确定……
She is certain of winning the English speech contest.她对赢得英语演讲比赛确信无疑。
She is certain to pass the exam because she has studied hard.她一定会通过考试,因为她学习很努力。
No one knows for certain when the meeting will start.没人确定会议什么时候开始。
I am certain that he will keep his promise.我确定他会遵守诺言。
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的;适宜的
由“suit (v. 适合) + -able (形容词后缀)”构成。
be suitable for 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
Yunnan is suitable for visiting all year round.云南一年四季都适合游览。
I don’t think you are suitable to do the job.我认为你不适合做这份工作。
考点10:Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. (教材P46 1b)
speed up (使)加速
反义短语为slow down “(使)放慢速度”。
The train speeded up gradually after leaving the station.火车离开车站后,逐渐加快了速度。
Can you try and speed things up a bit?你能不能设法加快一点事情的进度?
not only...but (also)... 不仅……而且……
① 用于连接两个并列成分。
The story is not only interesting but (also) educational.这个故事不仅有趣,而且有教育意义。
Su Shi has a great influence on people not only for his poems, but also for his optimistic spirit.苏轼对人们的影响不仅在于他的诗歌,还在于他的乐观精神。
② 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要与其靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
Not only the teacher but (also) the students were against the plan.不仅那位老师,学生们也反对该项计划。
Not only I but (also) my sister enjoys dancing.不仅我,连我妹妹也喜欢跳舞。
③ 连接两个并列分句且not only位于句首时,not only后的分句要使用部分倒装语序。
Not only can he speak English, but (also) he can speak Chinese.他不仅会说英语,还会说汉语。
考点11:When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. (教材P46 1b)
This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. (教材P46 1b)
lead to 导致;造成 result in 造成;导致
两者为同义短语,有时可互换。
Heavy rain led to/resulted in floods in the village.大雨造成了村庄的洪水。
His actions could lead to/result in him losing his job.他的行为会让他丢掉工作。
考点12:However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. (教材P49 3a)
be looking to do sth. 试图找到做某事的方法
be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
We are looking to protect the environment by reducing plastic waste.我们正致力于通过减少塑料废弃物来保护环境。
He is looking to collect old books for children in mountain areas.他正试图找到为山区的孩子收集旧书的方法。
五.语法串讲
被动语态(Ⅰ) 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态中的执行者可由介词by引出。
Lots of students love this English song.很多学生都喜欢这首英文歌。(主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者)
This English song is loved by lots of students.这首英文歌受到很多学生的喜爱。(被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者)
知识点1 被动语态的基本构成
被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”,be有时态、人称和数的变化。
时态
被动语态的构成
例句
一般现在时
主语+am/is/are (not)+过去分词+其他.
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
一般过去时
主语+was/were (not)+过去分词+其他.
The building was built in 1960.这座建筑物建于1960年。
知识点2主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的句子转换为被动语态的句子,需遵循以下几个步骤:①先找出谓语动词;②再找出谓语动词后的宾语;③把宾语用作被动语态句子的主语(宾语若是人称代词,须将宾格变为主格);④再将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(若是人称代词,须将主格变为宾格);⑤注意人称、时态和数等的变化。
We plant trees every year.
→Trees are planted by us every year.我们每年都种树。
知识点3一些关于被动语态的特殊情况
(1)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词和使役动词后面接省略to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,to要还原。
They often make me repeat the whole story.
→I am often made to repeat the whole story by them.他们经常让我重复整个故事。
(2)一些不及物动词,如sell、wash、read、write等,在主语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动含义,和well、easily等副词连用。
These books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
(3)系动词如seem、look、smell、feel、prove等后接形容词作表语时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
The soup tastes terrible.这个汤尝起来很难喝。
Tom proves very patient and kind.事实证明汤姆很有耐心、很善良。
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“发明”,介绍一项你认为改变了世界的发明,并谈谈你的看法。
1. 这项发明是什么
2. 它被谁发明的,什么时候发明的;
3. 这项发明如何改变了世界;
4. 你对“想法的力量”的理解。
词句背默
介绍发明
... was invented by ... in ... ……由……在……年发明。
It is used for ... 它被用来……
... is one of the most important inventions. ……是最重要的发明之一。
描述发明过程
First,... Then ... Next ... Finally ... 首先……然后……接着……最后……
It was made of / from ... 它由……制成。
The inventor had difficulty in ... 发明者在……方面有困难。
描述影响与作用
The invention changed the way we ... 这项发明改变了我们……的方式。
It led to / resulted in ... 它导致了……
Without it,we could not ... 没有它,我们就不能……
1. 开头句型
Can you imagine a world without ...?你能想象一个没有……的世界吗?
One of the most important inventions in history is ...
历史上最重要的发明之一是……
The invention of ... has greatly changed the world.……的发明极大地改变了世界。
I would like to introduce an important invention.我想介绍一项重要的发明。
2. 主体句型
... was invented by ... in ...……由……在……年发明。
In ancient times,people used ... to ...在古代,人们用……来……
Before this invention,people had to ...在这项发明之前,人们不得不……
The inventor came up with a creative idea to solve the problem.发明者想出了一个有创意的办法来解决这个问题。
It was made of ... and it was cheap and easy to make.它由……制成,便宜且容易制作。
First,the materials were mixed and boiled. Then ...首先,材料被混合煮沸。然后……
3. 结尾句型
The invention changed the way we live and think.这项发明改变了我们生活和思考的方式。
It not only ... but also ...它不仅……而且……
Without doubt,it is one of the greatest inventions of all time.毫无疑问,它是有史以来最伟大的发明之一。
This invention shows that creative ideas can change the world.这项发明表明,创意可以改变世界。
写作例题
写作模板
范文
The computer has influenced me most
Technological inventions play an important part in our daily lives. Among all the inventions, the computer has influenced me most and become an essential part of my life.
The computer has many practical uses in my daily study and life.First, it helps me search for various study materials online easily, making my homework and review more efficient. I can also take online courses to learn extra knowledge beyond textbooks.
What’s more, in my free time, I can chat with my friends and relatives far away, watch interesting videos, read e-books and listen to music on it, which relaxes me and enriches my life.
I think the computer is a great invention. It not only brings much convenience to my study and life but also broadens my horizons, making my life more colourful. With the development of technology, the computer will surely become more useful and bring us more surprises.
$