Unit 2 Inspiring people知识清单（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心知识精讲精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语Unit 2 Inspiring people知识清单系统整合了单词、短语、句子、语法、写作五大核心内容，通过词性分类背默、词形拓展训练、考点深度解析、语法表格归纳、写作框架搭建，为学生构建从基础积累到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“分类-关联-应用”为主线，如词汇拓展模块总结词缀规律（inspire去e加-ing构成inspiring），核心知识解析对比disease/illness/sickness用法，语法串讲用表格梳理“It is+adj.+to do sth.”等句型，写作串讲提供“事迹-品质-启发”框架及句式模板。这些设计聚焦语言能力提升，培养思维品质，助力学习能力发展，既方便学生自主复习，也为教师教学设计提供精准支持。

Unit 2 Inspiring people知识清单 （单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一．重点单词背默 Section A Who do we admire? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Verb动词 1. 钦佩；赞赏admire Noun 名词 2. 历史学家historian 3. 化学家chemist 4. 物理学家physicist 5. 饥饿hunger 6. 化学chemistry 7. 日历calendar 8. 发现discovery 9. 世纪century 10. 机场airport 11. 国家；民族nation 12. 疾病disease 13. 先驱；先锋pioneer 14. 金字塔pyramid 15. 勇气；勇敢courage 16. 智慧；学问wisdom 17. 种子seed 18. 童年childhood 19. 朝代；王朝dynasty 20. 区域；地区region Adjective 形容词 21. 鼓舞人心的；激励的inspiring 22. 受伤的；负伤的wounded 23. 令人钦佩的admirable 24. 现场直播的live 25. 必要的；必需的necessary 26. 西方的；西部的western 多重词性词 27. adj.英国的；英国人的 n.英国人British 28. n.& v.传播；散布spread 29. n.平衡 v.保持平衡balance 30. adj.勇敢的；无畏的 v.勇敢面对；经受（困难）brave Section B What makes people admirable? Noun 名词 1. 生物学家biologist 2. 库；银行bank 3. 无线电；收音机radio 4. 收集物；收藏品collection 5. 探索exploration 6. 宇宙universe 7. 社会主义socialism 8. 洞；孔hole 9. 女儿daughter 10. 飞行；航班flight 11. 木工手艺woodwork 12. 发明家inventor 13. 思想家thinker 14. 时期；一段时间period 15. 王国kingdom 16. 善良kindness 17. 人类mankind 18. 信念；看法belief Adjective 形容词 19. 科学（上）的scientific 20. 所有的；完全的whole Adverb 副词 21. 永远forever Pronoun 代词 22. 她自己；她本人herself 二．词汇拓展 1. inspire (v. 鼓舞；激励) 去e + -ing（形容词后缀）→ inspiring (adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的) 去e + -ation（名词后缀）→ inspiration (n. 鼓舞人心的人/事物) 2. history (n. 历史) 去y + -ian（表人的名词后缀）→ historian (n. 历史学家) 3. research (v. 研究) + -er（表人的名词后缀）→ researcher (n. 研究人员) 4. physics (n. 物理学) 去末尾s + -ist（表人的名词后缀）→ physicist (n. 物理学家) 5. hungry (adj. 饥饿的) → hunger (n. 饥饿) 6. chemist (n. 化学家) → chemistry (n. 化学) 7. discover (v. 发现) + -y（名词后缀）→ discovery (n. 发现) 8. wound (n. 伤口) + -ed → wounded (adj. 受伤的；负伤的) 9. spread (v. 传播；散布) → 过去式/过去分词 spread（不规则变化） 10. admire (v. 钦佩；赞赏) 去e + -able（形容词后缀）→ admirable (adj. 令人钦佩的) 11. wise (adj. 明智的) 去e + -dom（名词后缀）→ wisdom (n. 智慧；学问) 12. brave (adj. 勇敢的；无畏的) → 比较级 braver → 最高级 bravest 13. child (n. 孩子) + -hood（名词后缀）→ childhood (n. 童年) 14. west (n. 西方) + -ern（形容词后缀）→ western (adj. 西方的；西部的) 15. science (n. 科学) → scientific (adj. 科学(上)的) 16. biology (n. 生物学) 去y + -ist（表人的名词后缀）→ biologist (n. 生物学家) 17. collect (v. 收集) + -ion（名词后缀）→ collection (n. 收集物；收藏品) 18. explore (v. 探索) 去e + -ation（名词后缀）→ exploration (n. 探索) 19. social (adj. 社会的) + -ism（名词后缀）→ socialism (n. 社会主义) 20. her (pron. 她的) + self (n. 自己) → herself (pron. 她自己；她本人) 21. fly (v. 飞) → flight (n. 飞行；航班) 22. invent (v. 发明) + -or（表人的名词后缀）→ inventor (n. 发明家) 23. think (v. 思考) + -er（表人的名词后缀）→ thinker (n. 思想家) 24. kind (adj. 善良的) + -ness（名词后缀）→ kindness (n. 善良) 三．重点短语背默 1. 辍学；退出drop out (of sth) 2. 在……中起重要作用play a big part in 3. 钦佩；仰慕look up to sb 4. 实现；成为现实come true 5. 丝绸之路the Silk Road 6. 突然离开；逃离run away 7. 成功做某事succeed in doing sth 8. 西域Western Regions 9. 确保；设法保证make sure 10. 从……消失disappear from 11. 留下；遗留leave behind 12. 继续存在；继续活着live on 13. 大西洋Atlantic Ocean 14. 最重要的是；尤其是above all 15. 当时，那时back then 四．重点句子背默 1. 是的，迈克尔·法拉第(Michael Faraday)在很小的时候就辍学了，但他抓住一切机会学习，并成为了一名伟大的科学家。 Yes, Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist. 2. ——你最敬佩的人是谁？——我最喜欢的人是贝聿铭(I.M. Pei)。 —Who is the person you admire the most?—My favourite person is I.M.Pei. 3. 她充满勇气和智慧。她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。 She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. 4. 他能支持并鼓励我来这里交换学习，真是太好了。 It’s really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 5. 桂教授童年时成为一名太空科学家的梦想通过他的努力和勤奋实现了。 Professor Gui’s childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work. 6.记住过去，并且找到方法为更美好的未来多做些事情，对我们而言至关重要。 It is important for us to remember the past and find ways to do more for a better future. 7.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。 The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. 8.年少时，他就对自己所学的事物展现出了浓厚的热爱和好奇心。 When he was young, he showed a deep love for and a curiosity about the things he studied. 9.他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了许多关于中国植物的新信息。 Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. 10.钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子。他对工作和科研的热爱仍在他的学生们身上延续。 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. 11.我喜欢把东西混合在一起，学习它们为什么会发生变化。 I love mixing things together and learning why they change. 12.好奇心和智慧引导我们探索宇宙的秘密。 Curiosity and wisdom lead us to explore the secrets of the universe. 13.许多人仰慕埃尔哈特(Earhart)，发现她是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为她努力工作，有能力实现自己的梦想。 Many people look up to Earhart and find her an inspiring person because of her efforts to work hard and her ability to make her dreams come true. 14.现在，世界各地的人们比以往任何时候都更需要听到爱与和平的信息，并共同努力构建人类命运共同体。 Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of love and peace, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind. 五．核心知识解析 考点1 Who do we admire? (教材P12 Section A标题) admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏 admire sb./sth. 欣赏某人/某事 admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人 —Who do you admire, Rose?罗丝,你钦佩谁? —Hmm, one person I really admire is Cai Yuanpei.嗯，一个我很钦佩的人是蔡元培。 We all admire him for his ability to sing.我们都钦佩他的歌唱才能。 考点2 developed a new kind of rice and helped reduce hunger (教材P12 1c) hunger /ˈhʌŋə(r)/ n.饥饿 [不可数名词]形容词形式为hungry“饥饿的”。 Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to pulling people out of hunger.袁隆平一生致力于帮助人们摆脱饥饿。 We should avoid wasting food because many people still go hungry in the world.我们应该避免浪费食物，因为世界上还有许多人在挨饿。 考点3 dropped out of school at an early age, but ... (教材P12 1c) drop out (of sth.) v. 辍学；退出 In 1941, Robinson had to drop out of the university to help his mother support the family. 1941年, 鲁宾孙不得不从大学辍学，帮助母亲养家糊口。 She started a degree but dropped out after only a year. 她在攻读学位仅一年后就退学了。 He was the first to drop out of the band. 他是第一个退出乐队的。 考点4 made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry (教材P12 1c) discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 discovery n.发现;发觉----discover v.发现;发觉----discoverer n.发现者 语境串记 Who discovered the oil here? People are excited about this discovery. The discoverer is really great. 谁发现了这里的石油?人们为这个发现兴奋不已。发现者真伟大。 考点5 built the first British railways and many other important things (教材P13 2c) British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人 We can learn about different lifestyles from British people. 我们可以从英国人身上了解不同的生活方式。 He was born in Britain but his parents aren’t British. 他出生在英国，但他父母不是英国人。 考点6 helped the UK develop into a modern nation (教材P13 2c) nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家；民族 nation n. 国家，民族---national adj.国家的；民族的---international adj.国际的 语境串记 Our nation is becoming stronger and stronger. We take pride in our national culture. At the international meetings, we show the best of our country to the world. 我们的国家越来越强大。我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上，我们向世界展示我们国家最好的一面。 考点7 helped us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases (教材P13 2c) spread /spred/ n.传播;散布 v. 传播;散布 考点8 helped us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases (教材P13 2c) disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 【辨】 disease, illness与 sickness disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病 illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病 sickness 可泛指身体不适，也可特指呕吐、晕船、晕车等 A low-fat diet can reduce the risk of heart disease. 低脂饮食可以降低患心脏病的风险。 He can’t come because of illness. 他因病不能来。 The sickness passed off after a while.过了一会儿,就不觉得恶心了。 考点9 He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. (教材P14 3a) balance/ /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 （1）[名词]平衡，均衡 keep a balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 get/achieve a balance between...and... 在……和……之间取得平衡 Try to keep a balance between work and play. 尽量保持工作与娱乐之间的平衡。 She lost her balance and fell off the bike. 她失去了平衡,从自行车上摔了下来。 （2）[动词]保持平衡 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿站多久? 词形拓展 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 Around 2,000 years ago, Huangdi Neijing mentioned the importance of a balanced diet. 大约2 000年前 ,《黄帝内经》提到了均衡饮食的重要性。 考点10 She is full of courage and wisdom. (教材P14 3a) courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 take courage 鼓起勇气 the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气 I haven’t taken courage to ask her. 我还鼓不起勇气去问她。 This experience gives me the courage to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我再次独自旅行的勇气。 考点11 Who do you look up to? (教材P14 3a) look up to sb. 钦佩；仰慕 Chinese astronauts are regarded as heroes. We all look up to them.中国航天员被视为英雄，我们都仰慕他们。 You’re a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of younger kids look up to you.你很受大家欢迎，格雷丝，很多比你小的孩子都很崇拜你。 词块拓展 look forward to 期盼；盼望 look out for 当心/提防…… look down upon/on 看不起；轻视 考点12 brave (教材P14 3c) brave/ /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的;无畏的 v.勇敢面对;经受(困难) （1）[形容词]勇敢的；无畏的 可作定语或表语，通常用来形容人。 These brave astronauts’ hard work is good for China and the whole world.这些勇敢的航天员们所付出的努力，既有益于中国，也造福于全世界。(作定语) Military training taught us to be brave and strong and never to give up.军训教会我们勇敢坚强，永不放弃。(作表语) （2）[动词]勇敢面对；经受（困难） It was time to brave the rush hour traffic again. 又到了该勇敢地面对上下班拥挤交通的时候了。 The firemen braved the flames to rescue the family. 消防员冒着大火营救了那家人。 词形拓展 brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 bravely adv.勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 考点13 necessary (教材P15 4b) necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的 在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。 It’s necessary (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是必要的。 Vegetables provide necessary nutrients for our health.蔬菜为我们的健康提供必需的营养。 All in all, it’s necessary for teens to do more exercise. 总之,青少年有必要多做运动。 考点14 Professor Gui’s childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work. (教材P15 4b) come true 实现；成为现实 [不及物动词短语]其主语往往是表示理想、愿望、梦想和目标等的名词。 Hold on to your dream; one day it may come true.坚持你的梦想,将来有一天，它可能会实现。 Winning the medal was like a dream come true.获得这奖牌好比梦想成真。 考点15 On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that ... (教材P16 1b) scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 We all support his scientific research. 我们都支持他的科学研究。 The astronauts made some interesting scientific experiments in space, such as a “water ball”. 航天员在太空中做了一些有趣的科学实验，比如“水球实验”。 词形拓展 science n.科学--scientific adj.科学（上）的--scientist n. 科学家 考点16 The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. (教材P16 1b) whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 辨 whole与all whole 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之后，即“限定词 + whole + 名词” the whole family全家 all 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之前，即“all + 限定词 + 名词” all the family全家  考点17 ... and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. (教材P16 1b) forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 I hope that the library can stay open forever. 我希望这个图书馆能永远开放。 Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts forever.生活充满了无数瞬间，但一些时刻格外特别，永远留在我们心中。 词义拓展 [名词]极长的一段时间 It takes her forever to get dressed. 她穿衣打扮要用好长的时间。 考点18 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. (教材P16 1b) leave behind 留下；遗憾 为“动词＋副词”型短语。 She knew that she had left childhood behind.她知道童年已一去不复返了。 I think I might have left my wallet behind. 我想我可能忘带钱包了。 词义拓展 leave behind的其他用法： 考点19 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. (教材P16 1b) collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 a collection of 一批（收藏品） The painting comes from his private collection.这幅画来自他的私人收藏。 She has a collection of porcelain vases.她收藏了一些瓷花瓶。 词形拓展 语境串记 The famous collector has collected many things in the past fifty years. His collections are priceless. 这位著名的收藏家在过去的五十年里收集了很多东西。他的收藏品价值连城。 考点20 His love for his job and research lives on in his students. (教材P16 1b) live on 继续存在；继续活着 She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前就去世了，但她却留在了人们的记忆中。 词义拓展 (1)以……为食 Sheep live mainly on grass. 羊主要以食草为生。 (2)靠（……钱）生活 A family can’t live on just 200 yuan a month. 一个家庭仅靠每月 200元根本没法生活。 考点21 My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and ...(教材P16 1b) exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 explorer n.考察者，探险家---explore v.探索；勘探---exploration n.探索 语境串记 Explorers came to some conclusions when they explored the cave, and thought that these conclusions were worth further exploration.考察者在对洞穴进行勘探时得出了一些结论，并认为这些结论值得进一步探究。 考点22 It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. (教材P19 3a) It is said that ... 据说…… 该句式中that后面接完整的句子。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。该句式相当于“People say that ...” It’s said that drinking tea during Grain Rain can make people stay away from illnesses. 据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让人们远离疾病。 It is said that the Chinese characters were created by Cang Jie. 据说汉字是仓颉造的。 用法拓展 与此类似的句式还有： It is believed that... 据信/人们认为…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is (well) known that... 众所周知…… 考点23 But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker. (教材P19 3a) above all 最重要的是；尤其是  辨 above all, after all 与first of all above all 最重要的是，尤其是 表示强调 after all 毕竟;终归 表示让步 first of all 第一;首先 强调先后顺序或重要性 He loves music, and above all, pop music. 他喜欢音乐,尤其是流行音乐。 Don’t blame him for breaking that vase; he is a child after all. 别怪他打碎那个花瓶，毕竟他是个孩子。 First of all, let me ask you something. 首先,让我问你点事情。 考点24 It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. (教材P19 3a) kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 [不可数名词]由“kind (adj.) + -ness(名词后缀)”构成。 I can’t thank you enough for your kindness.你的好意我感激不尽。 They realized that even a small act of kindness could bring great joy to others. 他们意识到，即使是一个小小的善举，也能给他人带来巨大的快乐。 词缀拓展 以后缀-ness结尾的词还有: happy (幸福的)----happiness (幸福) sad (悲伤的)----sadness (悲伤) good (善良的)-----goodness (善良) 考点25 It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. (教材P19 3a) whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 不管……(还是)；或者……(或者)；是否 (1)不管……(还是);或者……(或者) 常与or (not)连用，引导让步状语从句。 Whether you are a student or a teacher, running is a great way to keep fit. 无论是学生还是老师,跑步都是保持健康的好方法。 (2)是否 引导宾语从句，有时可与if互换。 When we want to share something on the internet, we should ask ourselves whether the things we post are proper or not.当我们想在网上分享东西时，我们应该问问自己发布的内容是否合适。 六．语法串讲 “It is/was + adj. + ...”的句型小结 句型 含义 用法 例句 It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的。 该句型中的形容词表示动词不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。如：cheap、convenient、dangerous、difficult、easy、exciting、expensive、important、interesting、necessary、normal、possible、useful、wonderful。 It’s difficult to finish the job in such a short time. 在这么短的时间里完成这项工作是困难的。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 基本同“It is + adj. + to do sth.”句型，for引出逻辑主语。 It’s necessary for him to do so.他有必要这么做。 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做 某事真 是……。 该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质等。如：brave、careless、clever、foolish、generous、good、helpful、honest、kind、nice、polite、silly、stupid、wrong。 It’s really very kind of you to help me with the housework on Sundays.你在星期日帮我做家务，真好。 It is/was + adj. + that从句. ……是 ……的。 It是形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。 It is lucky that the boy hasn’t fallen from the tree.所幸那个男孩没有从树上掉下来。 七．写作串讲 （1）写作任务 学校英语论坛正在举办「我心中的榜样」主题征文活动，请你写一篇英文帖子，介绍一位你敬佩的榜样人物，说说他/她的事迹、可贵品质，以及他/她为什么能激励你。词数80-120词。 （2）审题要点 主题：介绍榜样人物的事迹与品质，说明其对自己的激励 文体：记叙文/人物介绍（论坛帖子形式） 时态：一般过去时（事迹经历）+ 一般现在时（品质影响） 要点：① 人物身份及基本介绍；② 典型事迹；③ 可贵品质；④ 对自己的启发 亮点提示：强调句：It is/was...that...；不定式作主语：It is+adj.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth. （3）写作框架 开头 点明榜样人物是谁，简要介绍其身份 （My role model is...; He/She is a famous...） 说明为何敬佩此人，引出话题 （I admire him/her because...） 正文 事迹：描述其具体的感人事迹或重要成就 （He/She once...; It was...that...(强调句)） 品质：勇敢、智慧、善良、坚持不懈等 （He/She is brave/wise/kind/persevering...） 影响：他/她的精神激励了无数人包括自己 （It is...that inspires me to...） 结尾 总结：他/她是真正值得敬佩的人 （He/She is truly admirable and worth learning from） 展望：自己会以他/她为榜样努力前行 （I will follow his/her example and work harder） （4）句式练习 第一段（开头）：介绍榜样人物 1.我最敬佩的人是袁隆平，他是中国著名的农业科学家。 The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, a famous agricultural scientist in China. 2.她是一位真正鼓舞人心的人，她的事迹激励了一代又一代的人。 She is a truly inspiring person whose deeds have inspired generation after generation. 3.在我看来，他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一，因为他的发现造福了全人类。 In my opinion, he is one of the greatest scientists in history because his discoveries have benefited all of mankind. 4.正是她对科学的热情和无畏的勇气，使她成为了一个真正的先驱。 It is her passion for science and fearless courage that made her a true pioneer. 第二段（中间）：描述事迹与品质 1.尽管面临重重困难，她仍坚持不懈地进行科学研究，最终获得了诺贝尔奖。 Even though she faced many difficulties, she persevered in her scientific research and finally won the Nobel Prize. 2.正是他数十年如一日的坚持，才让数以亿计的人摆脱了饥饿。 It was his decades of perseverance that freed hundreds of millions of people from hunger. 3.他不仅是一位伟大的科学家，更是一个拥有无限智慧和善良之心的人。 He is not only a great scientist but also a person of great wisdom and kindness. 4.她的勇气和智慧告诉我们，任何梦想都可以在坚持不懈的努力下实现。 Her courage and wisdom tell us that any dream can come true with persistent effort. 5.他把毕生的精力都献给了科学事业，他的精神将永远激励后人。 He devoted his whole life to science, and his spirit will live on and inspire future generations. 第三段（结尾）：表达启发与展望 1.他的故事让我明白，只要有梦想和勇气，就没有什么是不可能的。 His story makes me realize that nothing is impossible as long as you have a dream and the courage to pursue it. 2.我会以她为榜样，在面对困难时保持勇气，永不放弃。 I will follow her example and keep courage when facing difficulties, never giving up. 3对我们来说，学习这种不畏困难、勇于探索的精神是非常必要的。 It is necessary for us to learn this spirit of never fearing difficulties and boldly exploring the unknown. 4.他的精神将永远活在我们心中，成为引领我们不断前进的灯塔。 His spirit will live on in our hearts forever, becoming a beacon that guides us to keep moving forward. （4）写作 My Role Model My role model is Yuan Longping, a great agricultural scientist in China. I have always looked up to him since I was a child. It was his decades of hard work that freed hundreds of millions of people from hunger. Even though he faced many difficulties, he never gave up. He is not only a great scientist but also a person of great wisdom and kindness. His discoveries have benefited the whole of mankind, and his spirit will live on and inspire future generations. His story makes me realize that nothing is impossible as long as you have a dream and the courage to pursue it. I will follow his example and work hard to make my own contributions to society in the future. 【中文翻译】 我的榜样是袁隆平，中国一位伟大的农业科学家。从小我就一直仰慕他。 正是他数十年的艰苦奋斗，使数以亿计的人摆脱了饥饿。尽管面临重重困难，他从未放弃。他不仅是一位伟大的科学家，更是一个拥有无限智慧和善良之心的人。他的发现造福了全人类，他的精神将永远激励后人。 他的故事让我明白，只要有梦想和追求的勇气，没有什么是不可能的。我会以他为榜样，努力学习，将来为社会做出自己的贡献。 $ Unit 2 Inspiring people知识清单 （单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一．重点单词背默 Section A Who do we admire? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Verb动词 1. 钦佩；赞赏 Noun 名词 2. 历史学家 3. 化学家 4. 物理学家 5. 饥饿 6. 化学 7. 日历 8. 发现 9. 世纪 10. 机场 11. 国家；民族 12. 疾病 13. 先驱；先锋 14. 金字塔 15. 勇气；勇敢 16. 智慧；学问 17. 种子 18. 童年 19. 朝代；王朝 20. 区域；地区 Adjective 形容词 21. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 22. 受伤的；负伤的 23. 令人钦佩的 24. 现场直播的 25. 必要的；必需的 26. 西方的；西部的 多重词性词 27. adj.英国的；英国人的 n.英国人 28. n.& v.传播；散布 29. n.平衡 v.保持平衡 30. adj.勇敢的；无畏的 v.勇敢面对；经受（困难） Section B What makes people admirable? Noun 名词 1. 生物学家 2. 库；银行 3. 无线电；收音机 4. 收集物；收藏品 5. 探索 6. 宇宙 7. 社会主义 8. 洞；孔 9. 女儿 10. 飞行；航班 11. 木工手艺 12. 发明家 13. 思想家 14. 时期；一段时间 15. 王国 16. 善良 17. 人类 18. 信念；看法 Adjective 形容词 19. 科学（上）的 20. 所有的；完全的 Adverb 副词 21. 永远 Pronoun 代词 22. 她自己；她本人 二．词汇拓展 1. inspire (v. 鼓舞；激励) 去e + -ing（形容词后缀）→ (adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的) 去e + -ation（名词后缀）→ (n. 鼓舞人心的人/事物) 2. history (n. 历史) 去y + -ian（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 历史学家) 3. research (v. 研究) + -er（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 研究人员) 4. physics (n. 物理学) 去末尾s + -ist（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 物理学家) 5. hungry (adj. 饥饿的) → (n. 饥饿) 6. chemist (n. 化学家) → (n. 化学) 7. discover (v. 发现) + -y（名词后缀）→ (n. 发现) 8. wound (n. 伤口) + -ed → (adj. 受伤的；负伤的) 9. spread (v. 传播；散布) → 过去式/过去分词 （不规则变化） 10. admire (v. 钦佩；赞赏) 去e + -able（形容词后缀）→ (adj. 令人钦佩的) 11. wise (adj. 明智的) 去e + -dom（名词后缀）→ (n. 智慧；学问) 12. brave (adj. 勇敢的；无畏的) → 比较级 → 最高级 13. child (n. 孩子) + -hood（名词后缀）→ (n. 童年) 14. west (n. 西方) + -ern（形容词后缀）→ (adj. 西方的；西部的) 15. science (n. 科学) → (adj. 科学(上)的) 16. biology (n. 生物学) 去y + -ist（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 生物学家) 17. collect (v. 收集) + -ion（名词后缀）→ (n. 收集物；收藏品) 18. explore (v. 探索) 去e + -ation（名词后缀）→ (n. 探索) 19. social (adj. 社会的) + -ism（名词后缀）→ (n. 社会主义) 20. her (pron. 她的) + self (n. 自己) → (pron. 她自己；她本人) 21. fly (v. 飞) → flight (n. 飞行；航班) 22. invent (v. 发明) + -or（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 发明家) 23. think (v. 思考) + -er（表人的名词后缀）→ (n. 思想家) 24. kind (adj. 善良的) + -ness（名词后缀）→ (n. 善良) 三．重点短语背默 1. 辍学；退出 2. 在……中起重要作用 3. 钦佩；仰慕look up to sb 4. 实现；成为现实 5. 丝绸之路 6. 突然离开；逃离 7. 成功做某事 8. 西域 9. 确保；设法保证 10. 从……消失 11. 留下；遗留 12. 继续存在；继续活着 13. 大西洋 14. 最重要的是；尤其是 15. 当时，那时 四．重点句子背默 1. 是的，迈克尔·法拉第(Michael Faraday)在很小的时候就辍学了，但他抓住一切机会学习，并成为了一名伟大的科学家。 Yes, Michael Faraday school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist. 2. ——你最敬佩的人是谁？——我最喜欢的人是贝聿铭(I.M. Pei)。 —Who is the person you the most?—My favourite person is I.M.Pei. 3. 她充满勇气和智慧。她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。 She is full of and . She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. 4. 他能支持并鼓励我来这里交换学习，真是太好了。 really very nice him to and encourage my exchange study here. 5. 桂教授童年时成为一名太空科学家的梦想通过他的努力和勤奋实现了。 Professor Gui’s childhood becoming a space scientist through his efforts and hard work. 6.记住过去，并且找到方法为更美好的未来多做些事情，对我们而言至关重要。 the past and find ways to do more for a better future. 7.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。 The well-respected had spent his whole life plants and seeds. 8.年少时，他就对自己所学的事物展现出了浓厚的热爱和好奇心。 When he was young, he a deep love for and a about the things he studied. 9.他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了许多关于中国植物的新信息。 Their hard work the world lots of new information about the plants in China. 10.钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子。他对工作和科研的热爱仍在他的学生们身上延续。 Zhong Yang more than just a huge of seeds. His love for his job and lives on in his students. 11.我喜欢把东西混合在一起，学习它们为什么会发生变化。 I love things and learning why they change. 12.好奇心和智慧引导我们探索宇宙的秘密。 us to explore the secrets of the universe. 13.许多人仰慕埃尔哈特(Earhart)，发现她是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为她努力工作，有能力实现自己的梦想。 Many people Earhart and find her an person her efforts to work hard and her ability to make her dreams . 14.现在，世界各地的人们比以往任何时候都更需要听到爱与和平的信息，并共同努力构建人类命运共同体。 Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of love and peace, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind. 五．核心知识解析 考点1 Who do we admire? (教材P12 Section A标题) admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏 admire sb./sth. 欣赏某人/某事 admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人 —Who do you , Rose?罗丝,你钦佩谁? —Hmm, one person I really is Cai Yuanpei.嗯，一个我很钦佩的人是蔡元培。 We all admire him his ability to sing.我们都钦佩他的歌唱才能。 考点2 developed a new kind of rice and helped reduce hunger (教材P12 1c) hunger /ˈhʌŋə(r)/ n.饥饿 [不可数名词]形容词形式为hungry“饥饿的”。 Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to pulling people .袁隆平一生致力于帮助人们摆脱饥饿。 We should avoid wasting food because many people still in the world.我们应该避免浪费食物，因为世界上还有许多人在挨饿。 考点3 dropped out of school at an early age, but ... (教材P12 1c) drop out (of sth.) v. 辍学；退出 In 1941, Robinson had to the university to help his mother support the family. 1941年, 鲁宾孙不得不从大学辍学，帮助母亲养家糊口。 She started a degree but after only a year. 她在攻读学位仅一年后就退学了。 He was the first to the band. 他是第一个退出乐队的。 考点4 made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry (教材P12 1c) discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 discovery n.发现;发觉----discover v.发现;发觉----discoverer n.发现者 语境串记 Who the oil here? People are excited about this . The is really great. 谁发现了这里的石油?人们为这个发现兴奋不已。发现者真伟大。 考点5 built the first British railways and many other important things (教材P13 2c) British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人 We can learn about different lifestyles from people. 我们可以从英国人身上了解不同的生活方式。 He was born in Britain but his parents aren’t . 他出生在英国，但他父母不是英国人。 考点6 helped the UK develop into a modern nation (教材P13 2c) nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家；民族 nation n. 国家，民族---national adj.国家的；民族的---international adj.国际的 语境串记 Our is becoming stronger and stronger. We take pride in our culture. At the meetings, we show the best of our country to the world. 我们的国家越来越强大。我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上，我们向世界展示我们国家最好的一面。 考点7 helped us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases (教材P13 2c) spread /spred/ n.传播;散布 v. 传播;散布 考点8 helped us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases (教材P13 2c) disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 【辨】 disease, illness与 sickness disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病 illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病 sickness 可泛指身体不适，也可特指呕吐、晕船、晕车等 A low-fat diet can reduce the risk of heart . 低脂饮食可以降低患心脏病的风险。 He can’t come because of . 他因病不能来。 The passed off after a while.过了一会儿,就不觉得恶心了。 考点9 He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. (教材P14 3a) balance/ /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 （1）[名词]平衡，均衡 keep a balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 get/achieve a balance between...and... 在……和……之间取得平衡 Try to keep a work play. 尽量保持工作与娱乐之间的平衡。 She lost her and fell off the bike. 她失去了平衡,从自行车上摔了下来。 （2）[动词]保持平衡 How long can you on one leg? 你单腿站多久? 词形拓展 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 Around 2,000 years ago, Huangdi Neijing mentioned the importance of . 大约2 000年前 ,《黄帝内经》提到了均衡饮食的重要性。 考点10 She is full of courage and wisdom. (教材P14 3a) courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 take courage 鼓起勇气 the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气 I haven’t taken her. 我还鼓不起勇气去问她。 This experience gives me the to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我再次独自旅行的勇气。 考点11 Who do you look up to? (教材P14 3a) look up to sb. 钦佩；仰慕 Chinese astronauts are regarded as heroes. We all them.中国航天员被视为英雄，我们都仰慕他们。 You’re a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of younger kids you.你很受大家欢迎，格雷丝，很多比你小的孩子都很崇拜你。 词块拓展 look forward to 期盼；盼望 look out for 当心/提防…… look down upon/on 看不起；轻视 考点12 brave (教材P14 3c) brave/ /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的;无畏的 v.勇敢面对;经受(困难) （1）[形容词]勇敢的；无畏的 可作定语或表语，通常用来形容人。 These astronauts’ hard work is good for China and the whole world.这些勇敢的航天员们所付出的努力，既有益于中国，也造福于全世界。(作定语) Military training taught us to be and strong and never to give up.军训教会我们勇敢坚强，永不放弃。(作表语) （2）[动词]勇敢面对；经受（困难） It was time to the rush hour traffic again. 又到了该勇敢地面对上下班拥挤交通的时候了。 The firemen the flames to rescue the family. 消防员冒着大火营救了那家人。 词形拓展 brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 bravely adv.勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 考点13 necessary (教材P15 4b) necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的 在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。 It’s necessary (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是必要的。 Vegetables provide nutrients for our health.蔬菜为我们的健康提供必需的营养。 All in all, teens to do more exercise. 总之,青少年有必要多做运动。 考点14 Professor Gui’s childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work. (教材P15 4b) come true 实现；成为现实 [不及物动词短语]其主语往往是表示理想、愿望、梦想和目标等的名词。 Hold on to your dream; one day it may .坚持你的梦想,将来有一天，它可能会实现。 Winning the medal was like a dream .获得这奖牌好比梦想成真。 考点15 On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that ... (教材P16 1b) scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 We all support his research. 我们都支持他的科学研究。 The astronauts made some interesting experiments in space, such as a “water ball”. 航天员在太空中做了一些有趣的科学实验，比如“水球实验”。 词形拓展 science n.科学--scientific adj.科学（上）的--scientist n. 科学家 考点16 The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. (教材P16 1b) whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 辨 whole与all whole 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之后，即“限定词 + whole + 名词” the whole family全家 all 位于定冠词the、物主代词等限定词之前，即“all + 限定词 + 名词” all the family全家  考点17 ... and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. (教材P16 1b) forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 I hope that the library can stay open . 我希望这个图书馆能永远开放。 Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts .生活充满了无数瞬间，但一些时刻格外特别，永远留在我们心中。 词义拓展 [名词]极长的一段时间 It takes her forever to get dressed. 她穿衣打扮要用好长的时间。 考点18 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. (教材P16 1b) leave behind 留下；遗憾 为“动词＋副词”型短语。 She knew that she had .她知道童年已一去不复返了。 I think I might have my wallet . 我想我可能忘带钱包了。 词义拓展 leave behind的其他用法： 考点19 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. (教材P16 1b) collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 a collection of 一批（收藏品） The painting comes from his private .这幅画来自他的私人收藏。 She has a of porcelain vases.她收藏了一些瓷花瓶。 词形拓展 语境串记 The famous has many things in the past fifty years. His are priceless. 这位著名的收藏家在过去的五十年里收集了很多东西。他的收藏品价值连城。 考点20 His love for his job and research lives on in his students. (教材P16 1b) live on 继续存在；继续活着 She died ten years ago but her memory .她十年前就去世了，但她却留在了人们的记忆中。 词义拓展 (1)以……为食 Sheep live mainly on grass. 羊主要以食草为生。 (2)靠（……钱）生活 A family can’t live on just 200 yuan a month. 一个家庭仅靠每月 200元根本没法生活。 考点21 My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and ...(教材P16 1b) exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 explorer n.考察者，探险家---explore v.探索；勘探---exploration n.探索 语境串记 came to some conclusions when they the cave, and thought that these conclusions were worth further .考察者在对洞穴进行勘探时得出了一些结论，并认为这些结论值得进一步探究。 考点22 It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. (教材P19 3a) It is said that ... 据说…… 该句式中that后面接完整的句子。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。该句式相当于“People say that ...” drinking tea during Grain Rain can make people stay away from illnesses. 据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让人们远离疾病。 the Chinese characters were created by Cang Jie. 据说汉字是仓颉造的。 用法拓展 与此类似的句式还有： It is believed that... 据信/人们认为…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is (well) known that... 众所周知…… 考点23 But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker. (教材P19 3a) above all 最重要的是；尤其是  辨 above all, after all 与first of all above all 最重要的是，尤其是 表示强调 after all 毕竟;终归 表示让步 first of all 第一;首先 强调先后顺序或重要性 He loves music, and , pop music. 他喜欢音乐,尤其是流行音乐。 Don’t blame him for breaking that vase; he is a child . 别怪他打碎那个花瓶，毕竟他是个孩子。 , let me ask you something. 首先,让我问你点事情。 考点24 It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. (教材P19 3a) kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 [不可数名词]由“kind (adj.) + -ness(名词后缀)”构成。 I can’t thank you enough for your .你的好意我感激不尽。 They realized that even a small act of could bring great joy to others. 他们意识到，即使是一个小小的善举，也能给他人带来巨大的快乐。 词缀拓展 以后缀-ness结尾的词还有: happy (幸福的)----happiness (幸福) sad (悲伤的)----sadness (悲伤) good (善良的)-----goodness (善良) 考点25 It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. (教材P19 3a) whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 不管……(还是)；或者……(或者)；是否 (1)不管……(还是);或者……(或者) 常与or (not)连用，引导让步状语从句。 you are a student or a teacher, running is a great way to keep fit. 无论是学生还是老师,跑步都是保持健康的好方法。 (2)是否 引导宾语从句，有时可与if互换。 When we want to share something on the internet, we should ask ourselves the things we post are proper or not.当我们想在网上分享东西时，我们应该问问自己发布的内容是否合适。 六．语法串讲 “It is/was + adj. + ...”的句型小结 句型 含义 用法 例句 It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的。 该句型中的形容词表示动词不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。如：cheap、convenient、dangerous、difficult、easy、exciting、expensive、important、interesting、necessary、normal、possible、useful、wonderful。 It’s difficult to finish the job in such a short time. 在这么短的时间里完成这项工作是困难的。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 基本同“It is + adj. + to do sth.”句型，for引出逻辑主语。 It’s necessary for him to do so.他有必要这么做。 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做 某事真 是……。 该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质等。如：brave、careless、clever、foolish、generous、good、helpful、honest、kind、nice、polite、silly、stupid、wrong。 It’s really very kind of you to help me with the housework on Sundays.你在星期日帮我做家务，真好。 It is/was + adj. + that从句. ……是 ……的。 It是形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。 It is lucky that the boy hasn’t fallen from the tree.所幸那个男孩没有从树上掉下来。 七．写作串讲 （1）写作任务 学校英语论坛正在举办「我心中的榜样」主题征文活动，请你写一篇英文帖子，介绍一位你敬佩的榜样人物，说说他/她的事迹、可贵品质，以及他/她为什么能激励你。词数80-120词。 （2）审题要点 主题：介绍榜样人物的事迹与品质，说明其对自己的激励 文体：记叙文/人物介绍（论坛帖子形式） 时态：一般过去时（事迹经历）+ 一般现在时（品质影响） 要点：① 人物身份及基本介绍；② 典型事迹；③ 可贵品质；④ 对自己的启发 亮点提示：强调句：It is/was...that...；不定式作主语：It is+adj.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth. （3）写作框架 开头 点明榜样人物是谁，简要介绍其身份 （My role model is...; He/She is a famous...） 说明为何敬佩此人，引出话题 （I admire him/her because...） 正文 事迹：描述其具体的感人事迹或重要成就 （He/She once...; It was...that...(强调句)） 品质：勇敢、智慧、善良、坚持不懈等 （He/She is brave/wise/kind/persevering...） 影响：他/她的精神激励了无数人包括自己 （It is...that inspires me to...） 结尾 总结：他/她是真正值得敬佩的人 （He/She is truly admirable and worth learning from） 展望：自己会以他/她为榜样努力前行 （I will follow his/her example and work harder） （4）句式练习 第一段（开头）：介绍榜样人物 1.我最敬佩的人是袁隆平，他是中国著名的农业科学家。 The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, a famous agricultural scientist in China. 2.她是一位真正鼓舞人心的人，她的事迹激励了一代又一代的人。 She is a truly inspiring person whose deeds have inspired generation after generation. 3.在我看来，他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一，因为他的发现造福了全人类。 In my opinion, he is one of the greatest scientists in history because his discoveries have benefited all of mankind. 4.正是她对科学的热情和无畏的勇气，使她成为了一个真正的先驱。 It is her passion for science and fearless courage that made her a true pioneer. 第二段（中间）：描述事迹与品质 1.尽管面临重重困难，她仍坚持不懈地进行科学研究，最终获得了诺贝尔奖。 Even though she faced many difficulties, she persevered in her scientific research and finally won the Nobel Prize. 2.正是他数十年如一日的坚持，才让数以亿计的人摆脱了饥饿。 It was his decades of perseverance that freed hundreds of millions of people from hunger. 3.他不仅是一位伟大的科学家，更是一个拥有无限智慧和善良之心的人。 He is not only a great scientist but also a person of great wisdom and kindness. 4.她的勇气和智慧告诉我们，任何梦想都可以在坚持不懈的努力下实现。 Her courage and wisdom tell us that any dream can come true with persistent effort. 5.他把毕生的精力都献给了科学事业，他的精神将永远激励后人。 He devoted his whole life to science, and his spirit will live on and inspire future generations. 第三段（结尾）：表达启发与展望 1.他的故事让我明白，只要有梦想和勇气，就没有什么是不可能的。 His story makes me realize that nothing is impossible as long as you have a dream and the courage to pursue it. 2.我会以她为榜样，在面对困难时保持勇气，永不放弃。 I will follow her example and keep courage when facing difficulties, never giving up. 3对我们来说，学习这种不畏困难、勇于探索的精神是非常必要的。 It is necessary for us to learn this spirit of never fearing difficulties and boldly exploring the unknown. 4.他的精神将永远活在我们心中，成为引领我们不断前进的灯塔。 His spirit will live on in our hearts forever, becoming a beacon that guides us to keep moving forward. （4）写作 My Role Model My role model is Yuan Longping, a great agricultural scientist in China. I have always looked up to him since I was a child. 【中文翻译】 我的榜样是袁隆平，中国一位伟大的农业科学家。从小我就一直仰慕他。 正是他数十年的艰苦奋斗，使数以亿计的人摆脱了饥饿。尽管面临重重困难，他从未放弃。他不仅是一位伟大的科学家，更是一个拥有无限智慧和善良之心的人。他的发现造福了全人类，他的精神将永远激励后人。 他的故事让我明白，只要有梦想和追求的勇气，没有什么是不可能的。我会以他为榜样，努力学习，将来为社会做出自己的贡献。 $