Unit 4 The Earth 笔试新题型A篇 2026-2027学年沪教版英语七年级上册

沪教版七年级上册Unit 4 The Earth 笔试新题型A篇 沪教版七年级上册Unit 4 The Earth笔试新题型A篇（含答案） 学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________ 一、项目情境 （1） 阅读以下关于地球奇妙事实的宣传材料，请根据同学们的发现匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. Our planet is about 4.5 billion years old, making it one of the oldest known worlds in the solar system. Scientists have studied rocks and fossils to confirm（证实）this amazing age. B. About seventy percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. This includes all the oceans, seas, lakes and rivers that make our planet look blue from outer space. C. The land on our planet includes high mountains, deep valleys, wide grasslands and sandy deserts. Some areas are covered with ice all year round, while others are hot and dry. D. The Earth is the only known world that has living things. Plants, animals and humans all need air, water and the right temperature to survive here. E. Our planet travels around the sun in a fixed path. This movement creates the four seasons we experience every year, while the planet’s rotation（自转）gives us day and night. F. The air above the ground contains water vapour（水蒸气）that forms clouds. These clouds bring rain and snow to different places, providing fresh water for all living creatures（生物）. 1. Li Ming looked up at the sky and wondered why the sun always appears during the day. He learned that our planet travels around the sun all year long, and this journey takes 365 days to complete. 2. Chen Hui showed his classmates a photo of the Earth taken from a satellite. He pointed out that the blue parts are the oceans, which cover most of the surface, while the green and brown areas are the land where we live. 3. Wang Fang read a science book and found out that the planet we live on is extremely old. It is much older than any human civilization（文明）. She told her friends that it has existed for billions of years. 4. Zhang Wei enjoys studying geography. He discovered that different parts of the world have very different climates. Some are extremely hot near the equator, while the North and South Poles are freezing cold. 5. Liu Ying gave a presentation about why we should protect nature. She explained that among all the planets in the universe, only this one has been found to contain life forms, from tiny insects to giant whales. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （2） 阅读以下关于海洋面临问题的宣传材料，请根据同学们的观察匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. The sea level is gradually rising as the global temperature increases. This change threatens（威胁）coastal cities and islands, forcing many people to move away from their homes. B. Huge amounts of ice at the two poles are melting at an alarming rate. This not only affects the animals living there but also causes sea levels to rise. C. Coral ecosystems, often called the “rainforests of the sea,” are dying off in many areas. When water temperatures rise, these colourful underwater structures turn white and eventually break apart. D. People are catching far too many fish from the oceans. As a result, the number of certain fish species is dropping quickly, and some may soon disappear forever. E. Plastic waste is everywhere in the sea. Many animals mistake it for food, and after eating it, they suffer from health problems. Some of them even lose their lives because of this pollution. F. Dangerous chemicals from farms flow into rivers and eventually reach the sea. These substances（物质）harm the growth of tiny sea plants and disrupt the entire food chain under the water. 1. Zhou Jie watched a documentary about the ocean. He was shocked to learn that the sea level has been rising year by year, and some small island nations may disappear completely in the future. 2. Sun Mei collected data for her science project and found that people are taking too many fish from the sea. If this continues, some kinds of fish will no longer exist in the wild. 3. Wu Gang went to the beach with his family and saw a lot of rubbish floating in the water. He realized that this waste is dangerous to sea creatures, which may mistake it for food and become sick. 4. Huang Xin read a news report about the Arctic. She learned that the thick ice there is becoming thinner and thinner, and polar bears are losing their hunting grounds because of this change. 5. Lin Tao joined a marine biology club. He was sad to learn that the beautiful underwater coral gardens are fading away, and many fish that depend on them are losing their homes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （3） 阅读以下关于保护地球行动的宣传材料，请根据同学们的行动匹配对应的宣传内容，并将宣传内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题；每题2分） A. Reducing the use of cars and other vehicles（交通工具）can greatly decrease the levels of harmful gases released into the air. Walking, cycling and taking public transport are all good choices for the environment. B. Planting new trees in cities and in the countryside helps absorb carbon dioxide and provides shelter（栖息地）for birds and other animals. Every tree we plant makes the air cleaner and the world greener. C. Factories should stop pouring wastewater into rivers and lakes. Clean water is essential for all living things, and industrial pollution is one of the biggest threats to our freshwater resources. D. Using fewer plastic items in daily life can significantly reduce the amount of waste that ends up in the ocean. Reusable（可重复使用的）water bottles, cloth shopping bags and glass containers are much better alternatives（替代品）. E. Cutting down too many forests destroys the homes of countless animals and plants. We must protect our woodlands by reducing the demand for wood products and supporting sustainable forestry. F. Reducing food waste is an important way to protect the Earth. When we throw away less food, we save the land, water and energy used to produce it. 1. Yang Fan and his family go to the supermarket every Saturday. Instead of using new plastic bags from the supermarket, they always bring their own cloth bags for their purchases. 2. Zhao Ling noticed that many students in her school throw away half-eaten meals. She started a campaign to encourage everyone to take only what they can eat, reducing food waste. 3. Chen Peng joined an environmental group at his school. Last Sunday, they went to a nearby hill and planted dozens of young trees. He hopes these trees will grow tall and provide fresh air for everyone. 4. Xu Wei lives near a chemical factory. He has observed that the river beside his home has become dirty and smelly because the factory releases its waste directly into the water. He wrote a letter to the local government about this issue. 5. Li Na read an article about air pollution in big cities. She decided to ride her bicycle to school every day instead of asking her father to drive her, hoping to reduce the smoke and harmful gases released by cars. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、读写综合 （1） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） Extreme Places on Earth Our planet is full of amazing places with very different climates. Near the equator, the weather is hot all year round. The strong sunlight there supports the growth of dense, green rainforests. In these areas, you can find many kinds of colourful birds and insects. In contrast, the North and South Poles are extremely cold. Ice and snow cover the ground for most of the year, and temperatures can drop far below zero. Only a few animals, like polar bears and penguins, can survive there. Besides temperature, the land itself varies greatly. The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest, which rises over 8,800 metres above sea level. Its top is always covered with snow. In contrast, the deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench, goes down more than 10,000 metres. It is completely dark and freezing cold, yet some strange fish still live there. Between these extremes, there are vast grasslands, dry deserts, and winding rivers. Each place has its own beauty and challenges. Exploring these different environments helps us understand how wonderful our home planet truly is. It also reminds us that we need to protect every corner of the Earth, from the hottest rainforests to the iciest poles. 1. What kind of weather do places near the equator have? 2. Which animals can live in the cold polar regions according to the passage? 3. How high is Mount Everest, and how deep is the Mariana Trench? 4. What environments are mentioned between the extremes? 5. If you could visit one extreme place on Earth, which would you choose and why? （2） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） The Wonderful World of Plants and Animals The Earth is home to an incredible variety of living things. Plants come in all sizes. The tallest trees on the planet can reach over 100 metres, as tall as a skyscraper. On the other hand, the smallest flowering plant is no bigger than a single grain of rice. Some plants grow in dry deserts, while others need plenty of water and live near rivers or in rainforests. Their leaves, flowers, and fruits come in every colour imaginable. Animals are equally diverse. Tigers and elephants walk on land, while eagles and butterflies fly through the sky, and whales and dolphins swim in the deep blue sea. Even in the coldest regions or the hottest deserts, you can find creatures that have adapted to the harsh（严酷的）conditions. From tiny ants to giant blue whales, every animal plays a role in keeping nature balanced. These plants and animals not only make our planet beautiful but also provide us with food, medicine, and materials（材料）. Without them, we could not survive. Sadly, many species are losing their homes because of human activities. It is our duty to respect and protect them so that future generations can also enjoy this wonderful world. 1. How tall can the tallest trees grow, and how small is the smallest plant? 2. Where do tigers and eagles live respectively? 3. What do plants and animals provide for humans? 4. Why are many species losing their homes? 5. What is your favourite animal or plant? Tell us something interesting about it. （3） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） The Four Seasons on Earth Spring arrives with warmer weather and longer days. Trees start to grow new leaves, and flowers begin to bloom in many colours. Farmers prepare their fields for planting. Birds return from the south and build their nests. People enjoy going for walks in parks because the temperature is comfortable. Summer brings the hottest days of the year. The sun rises early and sets late, giving us plenty of sunlight. Children have their school holidays and often go swimming or eat ice cream. However, some places get too much rain, and floods happen. Farmers work hard to water their crops（庄稼）and keep them healthy. When autumn comes, the wind becomes cooler, and the leaves turn yellow, orange and red. They fall and cover the ground like a colourful carpet. It is harvest time. Farmers gather rice, fruits and vegetables from their fields. Families prepare for winter by storing food and firewood（柴火）. Winter is the coldest season. Snow covers the ground in many areas, and children enjoy making snowmen. People wear thick coats and stay indoors more often. Each season has its own beauty and its own tasks for us. 1. What happens to trees and flowers in spring? 2. How long is the day in summer compared to other seasons? 3. What do farmers do in autumn? 4. What do children enjoy doing in winter? 5. Which season do you like best and why? 三、语法填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Have you ever wondered why the weather changes throughout the year? The Earth is not perfectly upright; it is tilted（倾斜）on its axis（地轴）as it orbits the sun. When the northern half of the Earth leans towards the sun, it gets more direct sunlight. That part becomes (1)__________ (warm) than the southern half. That is why we have summer in the north. Six months later, the northern half leans away. Then it gets less sunlight, and winter comes. Scientists study these movements carefully. They use special tools (2)__________ (measure) the angle of the Earth’s tilt. (3)__________ (student) in geography classes learn about this important fact. If we understand the tilt, we (4)__________ (know) exactly when the seasons change. This knowledge helps farmers plant crops at the right time. We should all care about (5)__________ (we) planet and its yearly journey around the sun. （2） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） The Journey of Plastic Waste Every year, millions of tons of plastic rubbish enter the ocean. Fish and other sea creatures often mistake plastic pieces for food. When they eat these pieces, the plastic stays in their stomachs. This slowly (1)__________ (kill) many animals. The plastic also breaks down into particles（微粒）. These particles float in the water and flow with the currents（水流）. Even the (2)__________ (small) fish swallow them. Reducing plastic pollution (3)__________ (be) a big challenge. We can start by using fewer plastic bags and bottles. (4)__________ we recycle more, less plastic will end up in the sea. We should also choose products with less packaging. (5)__________ our daily efforts, we can make the ocean cleaner and safer for all sea life. （3） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） Electricity makes our lives comfortable. We use it for lighting, cooking, and entertainment. However, we (1)__________ (usual) waste a lot of it without thinking. Common examples include leaving lights on in empty rooms and keeping the TV on when no one is watching. This waste harms the environment. Because most electricity comes from burning coal, harmful gases are produced. To save electricity, we can (2)__________ (took) simple steps. We can turn off appliances（电器）when they are not in use. We can also use (3)__________ energy-saving bulb instead of an old one. These small actions may seem unimportant, (4)__________ they add up. If we all do our part, we will reduce (5)__________ (pollute) greatly. Let us learn to be more careful with energy. Remember, every kilowatt-hour counts for our planet’s future. 参考答案 一、项目情境 （1）1. E 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 1. 解析：Li Ming 关注“太阳为何白天出现、地球绕太阳一周 365 天”，与 E 项“地球沿固定轨道绕太阳运行，产生四季，自转产生昼夜”完全对应。 2. 解析：Chen Hui 指出卫星图中蓝色是海洋、覆盖大部分表面，对应 B 项 “约 70% 地表被水覆盖”。 3. 解析：Wang Fang 强调地球“存在数十亿年”，对应 A 项“地球约 45 亿年，是太阳系最古老的星球之一”。 4. 解析：Zhang Wei 发现各地气候差异大（赤道热、两极冷），对应 C 项“陆地有高山、深谷、草原、沙漠，有的常年冰封，有的炎热干燥”。 5. 解析：Liu Ying 强调“宇宙中只有地球发现有生命”，对应 D 项“地球是唯一已知有生物的星球”。 （2）1. A 2. D 3. E 4. B 5. C 1. 解析：Zhou Jie 关注“海平面逐年上升、小岛国可能消失”，对应 A 项“海平面上升威胁沿海城市和岛屿”。 2. 解析：Sun Mei 发现“人们捕捞过多、某些鱼类将不复存在”，对应 D 项“过度捕捞导致鱼种数量锐减”。 3. 解析：Wu Gang 看到“海上漂浮垃圾、生物误食生病”，对应 E 项“塑料垃圾遍布海洋，动物误食致病甚至死亡”。 4. 解析：Huang Xin 关注“北极冰变薄、北极熊失去捕猎场”，对应 B 项“两极冰川加速融化，影响动物并导致海平面上升”。 5. 解析：Lin Tao 关注“珊瑚花园消失、鱼类失去家园”，对应 C 项“珊瑚生态系统因水温升高而白化死亡”。 （3）1. D 2. F 3. B 4. C 5. A 1. 解析：Yang Fan 一家“自带布袋购物、不用新塑料袋”，对应 D 项“少用塑料制品，使用可重复水瓶、布袋、玻璃容器”。 2. 解析：Zhao Ling 发起“按需取餐、减少食物浪费”活动，对应 F 项“减少食物浪费可节约生产所需的土地、水和能源”。 3. 解析：Chen Peng 参加“植树”活动，对应 B 项“植树可吸收二氧化碳、为动物提供栖息地”。 4. 解析：Xu Wei 发现“化工厂直排废水污染河流”并写信举报，对应 C 项“工厂应停止向河湖排放废水”。 5. 解析：Li Na“骑车上学以减少汽车尾气”，对应 A 项“减少汽车使用，步行、骑车、乘公共交通都是环保选择”。 二、读写综合 （1） 1. The weather is hot all year round. 2. Polar bears and penguins. 3. Mount Everest is over 8,800 metres high, and the Mariana Trench is more than 10,000 metres deep. 4. Vast grasslands, dry deserts, and winding rivers. 5. I would like to visit the polar regions because I want to see the beautiful northern lights and learn how animals survive in such a cold environment. （2） 1. The tallest trees can reach over 100 metres, and the smallest flowering plant is no bigger than a grain of rice. 2. Tigers live on land, while eagles live in the sky. 3. They provide food, medicine, and materials. 4. Because of human activities. 5. My favourite animal is the dolphin because it is very smart and friendly. It can communicate with others using sounds. （3） 1. Trees start to grow new leaves, and flowers begin to bloom. 2. The days are the longest in summer. 3. Farmers gather rice, fruits and vegetables from their fields. 4. Children enjoy making snowmen. 5. I like autumn best because the weather is cool and the leaves are beautiful. Also, there are many fresh fruits to enjoy. 三、语法填空 （1）1. warmer 2. to measure 3. Students 4. will know 5. our 1. 解析：空格后有 than，需用形容词比较级。 2. 解析：固定搭配 use sth. to do sth.（用某物做某事），用不定式作目的状语。 3. 解析：泛指地理课上的“学生们”，需用复数名词作主语，首字母大写。 4. 解析：if 引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 5. 解析：修饰名词 planet，需用形容词性物主代词。 （2）1. kills 2. smallest 3. is 4. If 5. With 1. 解析：主语 This 为单数，全文为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 2. 解析：定冠词 the 后接形容词最高级，表示“即使最小的鱼也会吞下它们”。 3. 解析：动名词短语 Reducing plastic pollution 作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故填 is。 4. 解析：前后为条件关系，“如果我们多回收，就会有更少塑料流入海洋”，用 If 引导条件状语从句。 5. 解析：固定搭配 with one’s efforts（通过某人的努力），句首首字母大写。 （3）1. usually 2. take 3. an 4. but 5. pollution 1. 解析：修饰动词 waste，需用副词形式。 2. 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，took 的原形为 take。 3. 解析：energy-saving 以元音音素开头，表示“一个节能灯泡”，用不定冠词 an。 4. 解析：前后为转折关系，“这些小动作看似不重要，但累积起来效果显著”，用 but。 5. 解析：及物动词 reduce 后接名词作宾语，pollute 的名词形式为 pollution。 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $