Unit 2 语法讲义：句子类型 (Sentence types)2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

2026秋新沪教版英语九年级上册语法讲义 Unit2语法：句子类型(Sentence types) 一、语法详解 英语句子根据其用途和语气可以分为四种基本类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1.陈述句(Statements) 用途：提供信息，陈述事实或表达观点 结尾标点：句号() 结构：主语+谓语+其他成分 分类： 肯定陈述句：King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. 希罗王让一个王冠匠给他做一个金王冠。 。否定陈述句：It was not a real golden crown. 它不是一个真正的金王冠。 2.疑问句(Questions) ·用途：提出问题，寻求信息 结尾标点：问号(？) 分类： 一般疑问向(Yes/No question)):用yes或no回答 Is it made completely of gold?它完全是用金子做的吗？ 结构：助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语+其他？ 特殊疑问句Wh-question):用疑问词(what,who,when,where,why,how等)提问 0 What should I do?我该怎么办？ 结构：疑问词+一般疑问向？ 。 选择疑问句(Alternative question):提供两个或多个选项供选择 What is the crown made of,,gold or something else?这个王冠是用什么做的，金子还是别 的什么？ 结构：一般疑问向+or+选择部分？ 3.祈使句(Imperatives) 。用途：发出命令、提出请求或建议 结尾标点：句号()或感叹号⑨ 特点：通常省略主语you,以动词原形牙头 结构： ·肯定祈使句：Please give me some gold of the same weight.请给我一些同样重量的金子。 否定祈使句：Don't touch the broken electric wire.不要碰断了的电线。 4.感叹句(Exclamations) 用途：表达强烈的感情（喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等） 结尾标点：感叹号() 结构： What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ What a bad man the crown maker is!.这个王冠匠真是个坏人！ How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ How excited Archimedes was!阿基米德多么兴奋啊！ 二、教材例句解析 1.King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown.(陈i述句-肯定) 希罗王让一个王冠匠给他做一个精美的金王冠。 解析：陈述一个事实，主语是King Hiero,谓语是asked。 2.It was not a real golden crown.陈述句-否定) 。它不是一个真正的金王冠。 解析：否定陈述句，在be动词was后面加not。 3.Is it made completely of gold?(疑问句-一般疑问句) 它完全是用金子做的吗？ 解析：一般疑问句，把be动词is提到句首。 4.What should I do?(疑问句-特殊疑问向) 0 我该怎么办？ 解析：特殊疑问向，用疑问词what提问。 5.What is the crown made of,,gold or something else?(疑问句-选择疑问句) 。这个王冠是用什么做的，金子还是别的什么？ 解析：选择疑问向，用o连接两个选项。 6. Send the crown maker to prison!.(祈使句-肯定) 把这个王冠匠送进监狱！ 0 解析：祈使句，以动词原形send开头，表达命令。 7.Don't touch the broken electric wire!.(祈使句-否定 不要碰断了的电线！ 0 解析：否定祈使句，以Don't+动词原形研头。 8.How clever he is!!(感叹句-how导) 0 他多么聪明啊！ o解析：how引导的感叹句，修饰形容词clever。. 9.What a lonely place this is！(感叹句-what导) 0 这是一个多么孤独的地方啊！ 解析：what导的感叹句，修饰名词短语a lonely place。 三、易错点与易混淆点 易错点1：感叹句中what和how的区别 what修饰名词：What a beautiful girl she is! how修饰形容词或副词：How beautiful the girl is!. 口诀：名词用what,形副用how 易错点2：选择疑问句的回答 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，必须从选项中选择一个回答。 .X Yes,it is made of gold. It is made of gold. 易错点3：祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you。 Open the door,will you? Don't be late,will you? 易错点4：否定陈述句的构成 有be动词/情态动词：在后面加not He is a student.He is not a student. 没有be动词/情态动词：加助动词do/does/did+not He likes music.-He does not like music. 四、语法拓展联动 1.感叹句的省略形式 在口语中，感叹句可以省略主语和谓语。 What a beautiful day (it is)! ·How fast(he runs)l 2.祈使句的委婉表达 为了使语气更委婉，可以在祈使句前加please。 ·Please sit down. Please don't smoke here. 五、课堂即时练习 选择题(5道) 1. beautiful the flowers are! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 1.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词beautiful,用how。句意为"这些花多么漂亮啊！" 2. interesting book it is! A.What B.How C.What an D.How an 2.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语interesting book,book是可数名词单数，且interesting以元音音素开头，用 what an。 3. run in the classroom. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 3.答案：B 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。句意为"不要在教室里跑"。 _is your birthday? It's on October 1st. A.What B.When C.Where D.How 4答案：B 解析：根据答语"在10月1日"可知，提问时间用when。 5.Which of the following is a statement? A.How tall you are! B.Please close the window. C.She goes to school by bike every day. D.Do you like playing football? 5.答案：C 解析：A是感叹句，B是祈使句，C是陈述句，D是疑问向。 填空题(3道) a clever boy he is! 1.答案：What 解析：修饰名词短语a clever boy,用what。 late for school again. 2.答案：Don't be 解析：否定祈使句，be late for是固定搭配，表示"迟到"。 0 do you go to the library? 0 Twice a week. 3.答案：How often 解析：根据答语"一周两次"可知，提问频率用how often。, Unit2语法专项练习 一、单项选择(10道) 1. wonderful film we saw yesterday! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 2.hard he works！ A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 3. talk loudly in the library. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 4. is the nearest hospital?It's about 10 minutes'walk from here. A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How soon 5.Which of the following is an imperative sentence? A.What a nice day it is! B.Please pass me the salt C.He is reading a book. D.Did you finish your homework? 6. beautiful music we are listening to! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 7.does your father do?He is a doctor. A.What B.Who C.Where D.How 8.forget to turn off the lights when you leave. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 9. did you go to Beijing?By train. A.What B.When C.Where D.How 10 Lexciting news it is! A.What B.How C.What an D.How an 二、适当形式填空(5道) 1. (not eat)too much junk food.It's bad for your health. 2. beautiful the park is! 3. clever girl she is! 4.Please _(be)quiet in the classroom. 5. fast he runs! 三、完形填空(10道) Last Saturday,I went to the park with my family.1__a beautiful day it was!The sun was shining and the birds were singing.We 2 a good time there. First,we went boating on the lake.3exciting it was!Then we had a picnic under a big tree.My mother made delicious sandwiches.4 tasty they were!After lunch,we played games together.5 _happy we were! In the afternoon,we saw a little boy crying.He was lost.We helped him find his mother.6 _kind we were!When we left the park,it was getting dark.7_tired we were!But we all felt very happy. 8a wonderful day we had!I hope we can go there again soon.9 you like to go with us next time?10 me know,please. 1.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 2.A.have B.had C.has D.having 3.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 4.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 5.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 6.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 7.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 8.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 9.A.Do B.Would C.Are D.Will 10.A.Let B.Let's C.To let D.Letting 四、语法选择(10道) 1important it is to learn English well!English is a useful language.It is used all over the world.2_many people are learning it now. 3can we learn English well?First,we should listen to the teacher carefully in class. Second,we should speak English as much as possible.4_be afraid of making mistakes. Third,we should read English every day.5good habit it is!Fourth,we should keep a diary in English.6helpful it is! 7 you want to learn English well,please follow these tips.8 hard you work,9 better you will be.10a bright future you will have! 1.A.What B.How C.What an D.How an 2.A.So B.But C.Or D.And 3.A.What B.How C.Why D.When 4.A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 5.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 6.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 7.A.If B.Because C.Though D.But 8.A.What B.How C.The D.A 9.A.what B.how C.the D.a 10.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 五、语法填空(10空) Dear Tom, 1are you doing these days?I miss you very much.I have some good news to tell you. Last week,our school held a sports meeting.2exciting it was!I took part in the 100-meter race.3_fast I ran!I won the first prize.4happy I was! My parents were also very happy.They bought me a new bike.5beautiful bike it is!I ride it to school every day now. 6do you spend your weekends?Do you have any interesting things to tell me?Please write back soon. 7_forget to send me some photos of your family.8nice it would be to see them! lovely day it is today!I'm going to the park with my friends.10you like to join us? Yours, Lily 六、阅读还原(5题) 从方框中选择最佳选项完成短文，有两项多余。 A.How happy they were! B.What a good idea it is! C.How beautiful the beach is! D.What a nice day it was! E.How excited I was! F.Don't forget to bring your sunglasses. G.Would you like to go with us? Last summer,I went to the beach with my family.1_The sky was blue and the sea was clear.2_We all enjoyed the beautiful scenery. We swam in the sea and played beach volleyball.3In the afternoon,we had a picnic on the beach.My mother made delicious food.We ate and talked happily. When the sun went down,we decided to go home.4_We all had a wonderful time.Next year,we plan to go to the mountains.5 Unit2语法专项练习答案与解析 一、单项选择 1.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语wonderful film,film是可数名词单数，用what a。 2.答案：B 解析：修饰副词hard,用how。 3.答案：B 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。 4.答案：A 解析：根据答语"步行大约10分钟"可知，提问距离用how far。. 5.答案：B 解析：A是感叹句，B是祈使句，C是陈述句，D是疑问向。 6.答案：A 解析：修饰不可数名词music,用what。 7.答案：A 解析：根据答语"他是一名医生"可知，提问职业用what。 8.答案：B 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。 9.答案：D 解析：根据答语"乘火车"可知，提问方式用how。 10.答案：A 解析：修饰不可数名词news,用what。 二、适当形式填空 1.答案：Don'teat 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。 2.答案：How 解析：修饰形容词beautiful,用how。 3.答案：What a 解析：修饰名词短语clever girl,girl是可数名词单数，用what a。 4.答案：be 解析：祈使句以动词原形开头。 5.答案：HoW 解析：修饰副词fast,用how。 三、完形填空 1.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语beautiful day,day是可数名词单数，用what a。 2.答案：B 解析：全文用一般过去时，have的过去式是had。 3答案：B 解析：修饰形容词exciting,用how。 4.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词tasty,用how。 5.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词happy,用how。 6.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词kind,用how。 7.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词tired,用how。 8.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语wonderful day,day是可数名词单数，用what a。 9.答案：B 解析：Nould you like to.?是固定句型，表示"你想要.吗？"。 10.答案：A 解析：祈使句以动词原形开头，let sb do sth是固定搭配。 四、语法选择 1.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词important,,用how。 2.答案：A 解析：前后是因果关系，用s0表示"所以"。 3.答案：B 解析：句意为"我们怎样才能学好英语？"，how表示"怎样"。 4.答案：B 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。 5.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语good habit,habit是可数名词单数，用what a。 6.答案：B 解析：修饰形容词helpful,用how。 7.答案：A 解析：句意为"如果你想学好英语，请遵循这些建议"，f表示"如果"”。 8.答案：C 解析："the+比较级，the+比较级"是固定结构，表示"越，越."。 9.答案：C 解析："the+比较级，the+比较级"是固定结构。 10.答案：C 解析：修饰名词短语bright future,future是可数名词单数，用what a。 五、语法填空 1.答案：HoW 解析：How are you doing?是固定问候语，表示"你最近怎么样？"。 2.答案：How 解析：修饰形容词exciting,用how。 3.答案：HoW 解析：修饰副词fast,用how。 4.答案：HoW 解析：修饰形容词happy,用how。 5.答案：What a 解析：修饰名词短语beautiful bike,bike是可数名词单数，用what a。 6.答案：HoW 解析：句意为"你怎样度过周末？"，how表示"怎样"。 7.答案：Don't 解析：否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形。 8.答案：How 解析：修饰形容词nice,用how。 9.答案：What a 解析：修饰名词短语lovely day,day是可数名词单数，用what a。 10.答案：Would 解析：Nould you like to..?是固定句型。 六、阅读还原 1.答案：D 解析：后面说天空是蓝色的，大海是清澈的，所以这里是说天气很好。 2.答案：C 解析：前面说去了海滩，所以这里是说海滩多么漂亮啊。 3.答案：A 解析：我们在海里游泳，打沙滩排球，他们多么高兴啊。 4.答案：E 解析：当太阳落山时，我们决定回家，我多么兴奋啊。 5.答案：B 解析：明年我们计划去山里，这是一个多么好的主意啊。