考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题（期中专项训练）八年级英语上学期新教材鲁教版

考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题 话题1 爱好与放松方式 话题2 疾病、健康生活与安全（常考点） 话题3 成长家庭与社交（重点） 话题4 探索自然 ①先读题干，带着问题读文章； ②细节题：在文中定位关键句，注意同义替换； ③主旨题：重点关注首段、尾段和各段首句； ④推断题：不能选直接陈述项，需根据已知信息合理推断； ⑤词义猜测题：利用上下文逻辑、定义解释、构词法推测。 话题1 爱好与放松方式 （一） （26-27八年级上·山东淄博·阶段检测）① What do young people like to do in their free time? If you think they are all playing video games or watching short videos on their phones, you might be wrong. In 2026, many young people are turning to something quite different — “grandma hobbies.” ② “Grandma hobbies” is a fun name for traditional activities like needlepoint (刺绣) and gardening. These are things that people’s grandmothers used to enjoy. But now, Gen Z (people born after 1997) are falling in love with them. ③ Emma MacTaggart, 26, from the US, is a good example. She used to work long hours in banking. After work, she would just look through her phone for hours — a habit called “getting lost in her phone.” To change this, she and her roommates decided to try needlepoint. Soon, they became completely attracted. Emma said it was so relaxing that they spent almost all their free time making needlepoint works instead of looking at a screen. ④These old hobbies help young people reduce stress and feel relaxed. When they finish a gift or a dish, they feel proud and successful. Social media helps them become more popular. Young people share their works online and make friends. Some even turn their hobbies into businesses. Take Anna Weare as an example, a 31-year-old blacksmith (铁匠) — people now wait a year for her handmade products. ⑤So next time you see a young person blacksmithing, don’t be surprised. It’s the newest cool thing to do! 1．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． 2．What are “grandma hobbies” according to the passage? A．Modern mobile phone apps. B．Old-fashioned video games. C．Traditional enjoyable activities. 3．Why did Emma MacTaggart start needlepoint? A．To make more money. B．To change her lifestyle. C．To pass the time with friends. 4．What does the example of Anna Weare show? A．Blacksmithing is a traditional activity. B．Young people can turn hobbies into businesses. C．Social media helps young people make friends. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．“Grandma hobbies” help young people relax and find pleasure. B．All young people turn their hobbies into successful businesses. C．Video games are the most popular free-time activity for Gen Z. （二） （26-27八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）Many students in our class love sports. They do different sports to keep healthy. Kangkang likes running best. He runs for 30 minutes every morning. He thinks running helps him relax. Michael’s favorite sport is basketball. He often plays it with his teammates after school. He wants to be a basketball player one day. Jane enjoys cycling. She usually rides her bike to the park on weekends. She says cycling is good for her legs. Maria prefers skating. She takes skating lessons twice a week. Sports bring us fun and energy. We should keep doing sports every day. 根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。 1．What’s Kangkang’s favorite sport? A．Running. B．Basketball. C．Cycling. D．Skating. 2．How long does Kangkang run every morning? A．Twenty minutes. B．Thirty minutes. C．Forty minutes. D．Fifty minutes. 3．Who likes basketball? A．Kangkang. B．Michael. C．Jane. D．Maria. 4．Where does Jane cycle on weekends? A．On the playground. B．In the gym. C．In the park. D．At home. 5．How often does Maria take skating lessons? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. D．Every day. （三） （26-27八年级上·河南南阳·阶段检测）I am Sascha Marr. My hobby is making shoes. I’ve always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt at the age of nine. At eleven, I started making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoemaking course that he was having. I wanted to have one, too. Mom booked me on a four-day course at I Can Make Shoes School in London to see if (是否) I liked it. After the four-day course, I also did a ten-day course there during the summer holiday. I loved the courses. I made four pairs of shoes! I never thought of that before. The teachers were excellent. That was the best thing about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too. I made about 15 pairs of shoes in the past. At the moment, I’m making a pair of training shoes, using an old pair of jeans (牛仔裤), but I used all kinds of different things before, from old leather (皮革) handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes alters my plans for the future. I used to think I would become a shoe-maker. Now I know that I want to be a designer (设计师). I’ve decided I’ll do home design with my name—Sascha. I’ve designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I’d like to try something new. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did Sascha make her first skirt? A．At the age of eight. B．At the age of nine. C．At the age of eleven. D．At the age of fifteen. 2．How long did Sascha stay in London in total (一共)? A．For two weeks. B．For three weeks. C．For a week. D．For four weeks. 3．What is Sascha using to make the training shoes at the moment? A．An old coat. B．An old schoolbag. C．An old pair of jeans. D．An old pair of shoes. 4．What does the underlined word “alters” mean in the text? A．divides B．checks C．receives D．changes 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Make Shoes B．A Hobby Changed My Future C．A Famous Designer D．An Old Leather Handbag （四） （26-27八年级上·山东·单元测试）①Collecting is one of people’s hobbies and people collect things for different reasons. ②Some people collect because they want to make money. We call them business collectors. This could be called an instrumental (工具性) reason for collecting. They’ll look for antiques (古董, 古玩) that they can buy cheaply and sell at a higher price. But there may be a psychological thought, too—buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement (成就感). ③Another reason for collecting is the desire (渴望) to find something special, such as an early recording by a famous singer. Some may spend their whole lives looking for this. Psychologically (心理学上), this can give a purpose (目的) to a life. There is a danger, though, that if one is lucky enough to find what he is looking for, he may feel empty, because the goal that drove him on has gone. ④If you think about collecting stamps, another reason is its educational value (教育价值). Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. In the 19th century, many collectors collected fossils (化石), animals and plants from around the world and their collections provided much information about the natural world. Without those collections, our understanding of the world would be far behind what it is. ⑤Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some people collect because of the need for a sense of control (控制). Stamp collectors, for example, place their stamps in albums very neatly according to their favourite order. 1．According to the passage, business collectors collect things to ________. A．have fun B．make money C．meet their interest 2．What do the underlined words “he may feel empty” mean in paragraph 3? A．He may feel hungry. B．He may feel hopeless about his hobby. C．He may lose the goal of life. 3．Which is TRUE according to Paragraph 3 and 4? A．Many singers like collecting things. B．Collections can open up the world to the collectors. C．Most collections now are from the 19th century. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ （五） （25-26八年级上·全国·期中）We make a survey of 300 young people about what they like to do on weekends. One hundred people are from ages of 11—18, one hundred 19—26 and one hundred 27—35. The people of 27—35 like taking a walk best. They take a walk every day with their friends or relatives (亲人). The people of 19—26 like doing many things except taking a walk. The following shows their answers. 1．How many people enjoy watching TV in the 11—18 group? A．20 B．50 C．75 D．80 2．What do the people of 19—26 dislike doing? A．Playing computer games. B．Watching TV. C．Going to the movies. D．Taking a walk. 3．Which group likes playing computer games most? A．The people of 11—18. B．The people of 19—26. C．The people of 27—35. D．The people of 23—40. 话题2 疾病健康与安全 （一） （26-27八年级上·山东淄博·阶段检测）Some Information about Chinese Medicine Name: Huoxiang Note: If people vomit (呕吐) and don’t want to eat anything, they can use it. Way to take it: First cook it in water for some minutes and then get the medicine soup. When taking it, you can add some brown sugar to it to make it taste better. Name: Baishao Note: It’s useful for the stomachache and the headache. Way to take it: First, put it in water for 30-60 minutes. Then cook it for some minutes. Finally, get the medicine soup and drink it. Name: Sanqi Note: People can use it to stop the bleeding or use it when they have a sore back, a toothache or a sore in other parts of the body. The taste is not terrible. Way to take it: It’s OK to take it after making it into powder (粉末). People can also put it on the sore part of the body. Name: Niuhuang Note: It’s useful for sore throat and clearing heat-toxin (清热解毒). Way to take it: Take it with water or make it into powder and put it on the sore body part. 1．Which of the people can take Huoxiang according to the table? A．Jack has a headache now. B．Lisa has a sore back. C．Bob doesn’t want to eat anything these days. 2．Before we cook Baishao, we need to ________. A．add some brown sugar to it B．put it in water for some minutes C．make it into powder 3．People can use ________ to stop losing blood from the body. A．Sanqi B．Niuhuang C．Huoxiang 4．What do Sanqi and Niuhuang have in common? A．Both of them taste terrible. B．It’s OK to turn both of them into powder. C．People can use them to stop the stomachache. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．People. C．Health. （二） As summer gives way to autumn, many of us find ourselves lacking (缺少) warmth and sunlight. And the shorter days make some people feel upset (沮丧的) and lazy. They are having the so-called autumn sadness. In worse cases, however, some may suffer from seasonal affective disorder, or SAD． SAD is a type of depression (抑郁症). It mostly starts in the late autumn or early winter and goes away in the spring and summer. People who have SAD oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once liked. They also feel sad and even desperate (绝望的). The reason for SAD is not clear. Johns Hopkins University said that the lack of natural light during the autumn and winter months may disrupt (打乱) the body clock and the making of hormones (荷尔蒙). This disruption can lead to depression. People with SAD often need medical (医疗的) help. Light therapy (光疗法) is a common and useful way to treat (治疗) it. Doctors advise patients (病人) to get as much sunlight as possible. Light therapy helps to balance hormones and get a patient’s life back on track. Also, living a healthy life, like sleeping early, exercising often, and eating well, can help people deal with SAD． According to the National Institute of Mental Health of the US, in most cases (情况), SAD begins in young adulthood (青年时期). So, while studying inside the classroom, don’t forget to get some sunshine outside the classroom when you can! DID YOU KNOW? Although most SAD cases appear in autumn and winter, some people get it in spring and summer. People who have summer SAD may find it hard to sleep, not feel like eating, and get annoyed (恼怒的) easily. Kelly Rohan, a professor of psychological science (心理科学) at the University of Vermont, US, advises people with summer SAD to stay in air-conditioned (有空调的) places to help them feel better. Choose the answer: 1．When are people most likely to get SAD in our country? A．In March. B．In June. C．In September. D．In November. 2．What do people usually do when they have SAD? A．They feel full and stay up late at night. B．They eat more, sleep more and feel sad. C．They eat less and do more exercise. D．They sleep early and live a healthier life. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The changes in the body in autumn and winter. B．The body clock of people with SAD． C．The hormones people need. D．The possible reason for SAD． 4．What does the underlined part mean in the passage? A．make people feel younger B．make people’s lives more colorful C．help people get more sunlight D．help people become healthy again 5．How can we help protect ourselves from SAD? A．Not exercising under too much sunlight. B．Having a healthy lifestyle. C．Trying to stay indoors. D．Helping others deal with SAD． （三） （25-26八年级下·陕西安康·期中）You might have a fever after catching a cold. It is more worrying than having a headache, a sore throat and other symptoms (症状). Teenagers may have a fever easily after catching a cold. The following might be of some help to you to feel better when having a fever. Dos: ● You need even more food when you have a fever. You’ll feel even worse if you don’t have enough food. ● A fever can make you breathe faster and it will increase water loss (增加水分流失). Also, your body needs more water to lower your temperature. So don’t forget to drink enough water. Don’ts: ● Soda, cola and other caffeinated (含咖啡因的) drinks should be kept away from you when you have a fever. You can’t get enough water from them when your body really needs water. ● Don’t dress too warmly or put yourself in a place that is too hot. It’s not good for your body to regulate (调节) temperature. Or it can make your fever worse. 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Doctors. B．Climbers. C．Teenagers. D．Parents. 2．What should you do if you have a fever? ①Eat enough food.    ②Say no to soda.    ③Dress very warmly.    ④Keep away from water. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 3．We can learn ________ from the passage. A．how to lower our body temperature B．what to do when we have a fever C．why we easily catch a cold D．when to go to the doctor （四） （26-27八年级上·重庆长寿·阶段检测）When you want to take a trip on your holiday, you should make a careful plan. Here are some rules. They may help you to keep safe on a trip. *You’d better travel with your friends. And you should always keep together with your friends. *When there are a lot of people around you, you should carry your bag in front of you. Don’t put it on your back. *Put on a life jacket when you take a boat or ship. When you fall out of a boat or ship, it can keep you safe. *Don’t go swimming alone. *Don’t sleep on a bus or train. Never put your head out of the window. It’s not safe. *Take a map, a phone and some clothes with you. *Have safe food and drinks. Everyone should be careful when traveling. Enjoy your trip! 1．When you want to take a trip you should ________. A．make a careful plan B．sleep on a bus C．travel alone D．take a cap 2．Which of the following is RIGHT when there are many people around you on your trip? A． B． C． D． 3．It is ________ when people put their heads out of the window of a bus. A．useful B．possible C．safe D．dangerous 4．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Have Safe Food and Drinks B．How to Keep Safe on a Trip C．A Careful Plan D．How to Swim （五） （26-27八年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）阅读以下语篇，完成1-3小题。 When a fire breaks out, a fire extinguisher can help you put it out quickly and safely. It’s commonly found in offices, schools and homes. Just remember the “PASS” rule and follow the steps on the right. Remember, only use a fire extinguisher for small fires. For large fires, leave the area and call 119 at once. Stand at least two meters away from the fire to stay safe. 1．What does “PASS” mean in fire extinguisher use? A．Push, Aim, Spray (喷洒), Stop. B．Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. C．Pull, Aim, Sweep, Squeeze. D．Push, Adjust, Spray, Stop. 2．What should you do if the fire gets bigger? A．Ask someone to help you. B．Leave the area and call 119. C．Keep spraying until it’s out. D．Try to find a bigger extinguisher. 3．Which picture can best describe Step 4 of the “PASS” Method? A． B． C． D． 话题3 成长家庭与社交 （一） （25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）When you meet problems, who will you ask for help? Your parents, your teachers or your friends? You’d better tell others your bad feelings, and not face all the difficulties by yourself. Remember that there is always someone to help you. Be kind to yourself and ask for help. Name your feelings. For example, you may say“I am so angry!” loudly when you feel angry. You can also do exercise, listen to music, write a diary, play with a pet, go for a walk or do whatever helps you change to a better feeling. Be calm. You need to understand what the problem is, with the help of others. You must deal with the problem. If you work on it, you will find good ways to deal with it and you will become stronger after this experience. Unhappiness won’t stay for a long time, so don’t think problems will catch you all the time. Instead, you should always see the bright side. Remember, every cloud has a silver lining. Even when things seem bad, there is always something good waiting to happen. Stay positive and believe in yourself. You have the ability to solve the problems that come your way. 1．What should you do when you meet problems according to the passage? A．Face difficulties by yourself. B．Ask someone for help. C．Ask others to deal with problems. D．Feel unhappy and upset. 2．What does the underlined phrase“every cloud has a silver lining” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Clouds can shine brightly. B．Bad things may bring good results. C．Weather changes quickly. D．Everyone may meet difficulties. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why problems happen. B．To encourage people to help others. C．To teach ways to deal with bad feelings. D．To describe different kinds of feelings. （二） （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试） A strange way to get relaxed has spread to cities across China. That is hugging trees. Young people take comfort from it. Hundreds of people online share their tree-hugging experiences which make themselves less stressed and worried. In their opinion, it is a way of keeping a close relationship with the natural world. By hugging a tree, some of them feel that the tree is hugging them back. One woman gave up her job because of too much work pressure. According to her, hugging trees helps her a lot. She totally enjoys herself in hugging trees. “Hugging trees helps me calm down (冷静) and lets me return to a natural state (状态). I feel so free and feel the world is so big. I have also become braver than before,” she said. Hugging trees is actually a kind of psychological therapy (心理治疗) which first came from northern Europe. In northern Finland, there’s even a tree-hugging competition every August. A study has also shown that hugging can lead people to give off oxytocin (催产素). Oxytocin is able to create feelings of love and make people less stressed. While tree-hugging has been shown to be helpful for people’s body and mind, there are many points we should pay attention to before we do that. 1．Who in the following would most probably hug trees according to the passage? A．A man who wants to relax his mind and body. B．A teenager who has a strong and healthy body. C．A woman who usually feels kind of relaxed. D．A kid who depends on his or her parents greatly. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How people should hug trees. B．Who found hugging trees is relaxing. C．Why people feel relaxed after hugging trees. D．Where people can get psychological therapy. 3．Which of the following is most probably to be discussed next? A．Many places where people can hug trees. B．More reasons why people choose to hug trees. C．Some active changes brought by tree-hugging. D．Something that people need to notice before hugging trees. （三） （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Anger is a completely normal, usually healthy human emotion (情感). But when it gets out of control, it can lead to problems——problems at work, in your personal relationships, and in the overall quality of your life. You cannot control how and when you get angry but you can control and choose what you want to do with your anger. And certainly there are ways to manage it. Express your anger in a proper way. Don’t express it in a rude manner (方式), as rudeness damages the relationships between you and others. Instead, you can express it as an announcement, a warning or a suggestion. Relaxation. Simple relaxation ways can help calm down angry feelings. For example, take a deep breath. This works best if you do it regularly, as it’s more of a stress management skill that can help you use self-control when you’re mad. Or try to slowly repeat a calm word or phrase such as “relax” and “take it easy”. Repeat it to yourself while breathing deeply. Smile and be happy. The smile reduces your stress and it gets you another smile in return. It makes anyone happy. A happy person is less likely to get angry too easily and for too long. Exercise. Go for a walk or take a long run, work out, or go to play a sport. Lots of research has shown that exercise is a great way to improve your mood (情绪) and get rid of bad feelings. Anger is a strong emotion. Learning how to deal with it takes a little time, a little practice, but you can get there if you want to. 1．If a person gets angry easily, he may cause difficulties in ________. A．relationship with others B．his work C．the quality of his life D．all of the above 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Hold back your anger. B．Show your anger properly. C．Anger is a bad emotion. D．Don’t express your anger. 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．A happy person is not likely to get angry. B．Smiling at others can get you another smile. C．Repeating a calm word or phrase can help control anger. D．Taking a deep breath is a good way to control one’s anger. 4．Which is useful to improve one’s mood? A．Smile. B．Relaxation. C．Exercise. D．Expression. 5．What is the best title of this article? A．Anger Leads to Problems B．Smile Cures Anger C．Improve Your Mood D．Ways to Manage Anger （四） （25-26八年级上·重庆合川·期中）Have you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, or afraid—all of them can give you a stomachache or a headache. However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad. Good stress might happen when you are called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech in public. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if a family member is ill, if you are having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick. The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep in mind: sleep, exercise, relaxation, and food. If you get enough sleep and eat healthily, and if you exercise and leave time to have fun, you will feel less stressed. 1．How will you feel if you have stress? A．Happy. B．Sorry. C．Worried. D．Quiet. 2．Which of the following is an example of good stress? A．Being worried about your sick family member. B．Having problems at school every day. C．Being called to answer questions in class. D．Feeling unhappy because of something. 3．Bad stress may happen when _______. A．you do a better job on your test B．the stress lasts too long C．you prepare better before a test D．you have a balanced life 4．What’s the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1……) A． B． C． D． （五） （25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·阶段检测）Sometimes people may feel lonely when they are alone. Loneliness (孤独) is one of the worst experiences, so we should find ways to overcome it. Here is some advice. Keep yourself busy. One of the greatest ways to avoid being lonely is to do something all the time. Giving yourself something to do is a good way to pass time. You can do housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking. It can also be fun. Make a plan for your work. Make a plan for your work, and you’ll have more time to do many other fantastic things that you like to do. In that way, you’ll use your time well and enjoy your life. ①________ When you feel lonely, you can play sports. It is a good way to help you not be lonely. It also helps you enjoy your life. ②________ Maybe if you buy something new, you’ll feel better. After you see many colourful things, your feelings will improve. ③________ If you have a good rest, you may dream of something nice. During that time you’ll feel as if loneliness isn’t close to you. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Elderly people can feel lonely easily. B．Happy people never feel lonely. C．Loneliness makes people feel bad. D．Loneliness can improve our health. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Doing housework. B．Feeling lonely. C．Overcoming loneliness. D．Doing fantastic things. 3．What should people do in order to make good use of time? A．Stay in all day. B．Work long at weekends. C．Do one thing all the time. D．Make a plan for work. 4．Match the topic sentence with each part. a. Go shopping.         b. Go to sleep.         c. Do some sports. A．①a ②b ③c B．①c ②a ③b C．①c ②b ③a D．①b ②c ③a 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Ways to pass our free time B．Ways to overcome loneliness C．When do people feel lonely? D．Who makes people feel lonely? 话题4 探索自然 （一） （24-25八年级下·江西抚州·阶段检测）A river is a flowing (流动的) stream of water. Usually, a river feeds water into an ocean, a lake, a pond, or even another river. Rivers can differ in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called a river. Here are the five longest rivers in the world. The Nile River The Nile River is about 4,132 miles long. It is located in the continent of Africa, mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Amazon River The Amazon River is about 4,000 miles long. It is located in the continent of South America and flows through several countries including Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It ends at the Atlantic Ocean. The Yangtze River Located in China, the Yangtze River is about 3,915 miles long and flows into the East China Sea. The Mississippi River and the Missouri River The river system of the Mississippi River and the Missouri River is the longest river system in North America at 3,709 miles. It flows south into the Gulf of Mexico. The Yenisei River The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It’s 3,445 miles long. There are 76 rivers in the world over 1,000 miles long. A lot of people think that rivers always flow south, but 4 of the 10 longest rivers in the world flow north. The United States alone has around 3.5 million miles of rivers. Four of the top 10 longest rivers flow through China at some point. 1．Which is the second longest river in the world? A．The Nile River. B．The Mississippi River. C．The Yangtze River. D．The Amazon River. 2．How many rivers are there in the world over 1,000 miles long? A．10. B．76. C．4. D．35. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the facts above? A．A river always feeds water into an ocean. B．All the rivers flow through China at some point. C．The Mississippi River ends at the Gulf of Mexico. D．The Nile River is 155 miles longer than the Yangtze River. （二） （24-25八年级下·重庆·期中）Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth. Here, you can see snowy mountains shining under the bright blue sky. You can also take a deep breath of the freshest air. The name Qomolangma means “Mother of the Earth”. It is also called Mount Everest. It stands on the border (边界) between Nepal and China and is part of the Himalaya Mountains. It is about 8,848 meters tall, as high as some planes can fly! Every September and October, hundreds of climbers from all over the world come here. The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses. They climb in groups to help and support each other. Qomolangma is always very cold and windy. Snow covers the mountains all year round. The wind never stops blowing. In winter, the temperature can drop to -60℃! Because of the coldness and the thin air with very little oxygen (氧气), not many animals can survive here. However, yaks (牦牛) are special animals that can live in such horrible environment. They are called “the ships of the highland”. Qomolangma What is special about it? What does its name mean? “Mother of the Earth”. Where is it? On the border between Nepal and China. How tall is it? About 8,848 meters. *It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen. Which of the following can be put into No. 1 and No. 2? 1．A．It is a low and warm place. B．It is home to many animals. C．It is the tallest place on Earth. D．It is the coldest place on Earth. 2．A．When is the best time to climb it? B．What is the environment like there? C．How do animals and plants live there? D．Would you like to visit it there one day? 3．Why do climbers wear warm clothes and sunglasses? A．To follow the traditions there. B．To move faster on the mountain. C．To carry less weight when climbing. D．To keep warm and protect their eyes. （三） （26-27九年级上·安徽·课后作业）A group of young Chinese stars shone bright at the Tokyo Olympic Games, fueling the country with great confidence for the future of Chinese sports. According to the Chinese Olympic Committee, 293 of its athletes — nearly 68 per cent of the team — made their Olympic debuts (首秀) in Tokyo. Many of the youngsters showed great athletic skills beyond their years and made breakthrough (突破) performances. Led by women’s 200 m butterfly champion Zhang Yufei, young swimmers Tang Muhan, Yang Junxuan and Li Bingjie won the women’s 4×200 m freestyle relay in a world-record time of 7 minutes, 40. 33 seconds. China, Australia and the United States are the only nations to win the event since its Olympic debut in 1996. “The unexpected win has set our hopes high for the future, as well as increasing our confidence,” said Li. The great performances in some of China’s strong sports have also told fans that the country’s dominance (优势) is safe. For example, in table tennis, Sun Yingsha’s 4:0 victory over Japan’s Mima Ito in the women’s singles semifinals (半决赛) was a highlight (高光时刻). Overcoming a brief scare in the second game by winning eight points in a row, Sun showed that the nation’s table tennis talent cultivation (培养) program remains in good health — accounting for 32 out of the 37 Olympic gold medals since the sport’s Games debut in 1988. Such impressive performances in Tokyo have helped partly fill the void (空白) left by the retirement of a number of international sporting stars, such as Yao Ming, Liu Xiang and Li Na. Staying at the top, however, presents a challenge for the younger athletes as other nations try to respond to China’s resurgence (复兴).“The Olympics are always the breeding ground for future stars, but our younger generation of athletes has yet to be fully tested internationally,” said Tan Jianxiang, a sports sociology researcher at South China Normal University. “The real challenge comes right after their breakout debut performances at the Olympics.” 1．Which country is NOT the one to win the women’s 4×200 m freestyle relay since its Olympic debut in 1996? A．China. B．Australia. C．Japan. D．The United States. 2．What can we infer from Tan Jianxiang’s words in the last paragraph? A．The younger athletes have not performed so well at the Olympics. B．The younger athletes should have won more medals. C．The younger athletes are sure to defeat other countries because China’s dominance is safe. D．It’s a challenge for the younger athletes to stay at the top as other nations will try their best. 3．新考向 文章出处 Where is the passage most likely from? A．A sports newspaper. B．A brochure. C．A poster. D．A science report. （四） （25-26八年级上·河南商丘·期末） The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different colored parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks, leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles; each one has a different color. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor center nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the Eye of the Sahara look like? A．A football field. B．A bright star. C．A colorful pizza. D．A deep ocean. 2．According to the passage, how did wind and rain help form the Eye of the Sahara? A．They made the ground rise up. B．They created colorful circles directly. C．They brought sand to cover the rocks. D．They wore away soft rocks and left hard ones. 3．Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s far from cities. B．Because it’s too small to find. C．Because it’s always full of water. D．Because it’s too hot to get there. 4．What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Develop. D．Protect. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the passage about the future of the Eye of the Sahara? A．It will soon disappear because of sandstorms. B．Scientists and visitors may help protect it. C．It will become a busy city center. D．No one is interested in studying it. （五） （25-26八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）Does the Dead Sea sound like a place to go swimming? What do you expect (期待) to see in it? Do you believe there are dead things in the Dead Sea? Lying in southwest Asia, the Dead Sea stretches (绵延) for about 80 kilometers. At its deepest point, it is about 400 meters deep. And if you happen to be in the area, you might hear people call it by another name, such as the Salt Sea, the East Sea, or the Sea of the Plain. Even though it’s called the Dead Sea, it isn’t a sea at all! It’s a lake. Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is a very salty lake. In fact, the Dead Sea is one of the saltiest water in the world. Nothing can live in it. That’s why it’s called the Dead Sea. And the Dead Sea stays very salty because it gets only a little rain, and very little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea each year. ________ The Dead Sea is an amazing place to visit, and many people go to the Dead Sea each year on holiday. Because of its high salinity (盐度), the Dead Sea’s waters are denser (密度大的) than ocean water or the water in a swimming pool. That means that anyone can float (漂浮) in the Dead Sea. So if you walk on the beach of the Dead Sea on a warm day, perhaps you can see many people floating in its waters. You might even see many of them reading books or magazines! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling jokes. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 2．How long is the Dead Sea? A．About 80m. B．About 400m. C．About 80km. D．About 400km. 3．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．The Dead Sea is a salty lake. B．Many people died in the Dead Sea. C．Each year much rain enters the Dead Sea. D．Fish can live in the Dead Sea. 4．What is the best sentence for “ ________ ” in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be afraid of the name of the Dead Sea. B．The water of the Dead Sea is a deep blue color, anyway. C．The Dead Sea is getting smaller because of water pollution. D．Always keep your eyes open while you are in the Dead Sea. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Size of the Dead Sea B．Other Names for the Dead Sea C．Dead Sea: An Amazing Natural Wonder D．A Great Experience: Swim in the Dead Sea People have been using herbal medicines (草药) for thousands of years. Do you know, for example, that aspirin(阿司匹林)comes from the bark(树皮)of the willow trees? In the 5th century BC, a Greek doctor, Hippocrates, gave a thing equivalent(相当于)to aspirin to his patients to reduce their pain. In 1775, a British doctor, William Withering, was unable to treat a patient who had a serious heart problem. However, the patient made a full recovery after taking something a woman had given him. The woman told the doctor she had made the medicine from purple foxgloves (毛地黄). Today, this herbal medicine is still given to people with heart problems because it can make the heart beat more slowly. Many of the useful herbal medicines can be found in our homes or gardens. Put some lavender oil beside your bed at night to help you ________ better. Or put the leaves from an aloe plant on your burns or cuts. That will help them to heal (康复). The Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, also used this kind of amazing plant to keep her skin soft and young-looking. Finally, don’t forget the power of garlic. It thins and cleans the blood. It is good for stomach problems and coughs, and it’s a natural antiseptic (抗菌剂). So, the next time you have a cold, try a mixture of garlic, lemon and honey. 1．Why are purple foxgloves used for patients with heart problems? A．Because they can heal cuts and burns. B．Because they can keep the skin young-looking. C．Because they can thin and clean the blood. D．Because they can make the heart beat more slowly. 2．Which word can be best put in “________”? A．sleep B．work C．dream D．excite 3．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．People should eat less garlic. B．The garlic is very useful for people. C．The garlic is too powerful to use. D．We can’t forget how to use garlic. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To show the importance of health. B．To introduce some herbal medicines. C．To tell the ways to find herbal medicines. D．To show the history of herbal medicines. 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题03 阅读理解常考话题 话题1 爱好与放松方式 话题2 疾病、健康生活与安全（常考点） 话题3 成长家庭与社交（重点） 话题4 探索自然 ①先读题干，带着问题读文章； ②细节题：在文中定位关键句，注意同义替换； ③主旨题：重点关注首段、尾段和各段首句； ④推断题：不能选直接陈述项，需根据已知信息合理推断； ⑤词义猜测题：利用上下文逻辑、定义解释、构词法推测。 话题1 爱好与放松方式 （一） （26-27八年级上·山东淄博·阶段检测）① What do young people like to do in their free time? If you think they are all playing video games or watching short videos on their phones, you might be wrong. In 2026, many young people are turning to something quite different — “grandma hobbies.” ② “Grandma hobbies” is a fun name for traditional activities like needlepoint (刺绣) and gardening. These are things that people’s grandmothers used to enjoy. But now, Gen Z (people born after 1997) are falling in love with them. ③ Emma MacTaggart, 26, from the US, is a good example. She used to work long hours in banking. After work, she would just look through her phone for hours — a habit called “getting lost in her phone.” To change this, she and her roommates decided to try needlepoint. Soon, they became completely attracted. Emma said it was so relaxing that they spent almost all their free time making needlepoint works instead of looking at a screen. ④These old hobbies help young people reduce stress and feel relaxed. When they finish a gift or a dish, they feel proud and successful. Social media helps them become more popular. Young people share their works online and make friends. Some even turn their hobbies into businesses. Take Anna Weare as an example, a 31-year-old blacksmith (铁匠) — people now wait a year for her handmade products. ⑤So next time you see a young person blacksmithing, don’t be surprised. It’s the newest cool thing to do! 1．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． 2．What are “grandma hobbies” according to the passage? A．Modern mobile phone apps. B．Old-fashioned video games. C．Traditional enjoyable activities. 3．Why did Emma MacTaggart start needlepoint? A．To make more money. B．To change her lifestyle. C．To pass the time with friends. 4．What does the example of Anna Weare show? A．Blacksmithing is a traditional activity. B．Young people can turn hobbies into businesses. C．Social media helps young people make friends. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．“Grandma hobbies” help young people relax and find pleasure. B．All young people turn their hobbies into successful businesses. C．Video games are the most popular free-time activity for Gen Z. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了当代年轻人（特别是Z世代）中兴起的一股名为“奶奶的爱好”的传统活动热潮，并通过具体事例阐述了这些传统活动对年轻人减轻压力、改变生活方式以及甚至创造事业的积极影响。 【详解】1．根据文章段落内容，第①段引出话题，年轻人流行“奶奶爱好”；第②段解释什么是“奶奶爱好”；第③段举Emma的例子；第④段说明这类爱好的好处，并举Anna的例子；第⑤段总结。文章结构是：①总起，②③④分述，⑤总结，对应A图的总分总结构。 2．根据第二段中的原句“‘Grandma hobbies’ is a fun name for traditional activities like needlepoint and gardening.”可知，“奶奶的爱好”是像刺绣和园艺这样的传统活动的有趣名称，属于传统的令人愉快的活动。 3．根据第三段中的原句“She used to work long hours in banking... a habit called ‘getting lost in her phone.’ To change this, she and her roommates decided to try needlepoint.”可知，Emma为了改变之前沉迷手机的生活方式（To change this指代前文的不良习惯），才决定尝试刺绣。 4．根据第四段中的原句“Some even turn their hobbies into businesses. Take Anna Weare as an example...”可知，作者以Anna为例是为了论证前面的观点，即年轻人甚至可以将自己的爱好转化为事业。 5．根据第四段中的原句“These old hobbies help young people reduce stress and feel relaxed. When they finish a gift or a dish, they feel proud and successful.”以及全文对“奶奶的爱好”的探讨可知，文章主要阐述了这些传统活动能够帮助年轻人减轻压力、收获成就感并从中找到乐趣。 （二） （26-27八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）Many students in our class love sports. They do different sports to keep healthy. Kangkang likes running best. He runs for 30 minutes every morning. He thinks running helps him relax. Michael’s favorite sport is basketball. He often plays it with his teammates after school. He wants to be a basketball player one day. Jane enjoys cycling. She usually rides her bike to the park on weekends. She says cycling is good for her legs. Maria prefers skating. She takes skating lessons twice a week. Sports bring us fun and energy. We should keep doing sports every day. 根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。 1．What’s Kangkang’s favorite sport? A．Running. B．Basketball. C．Cycling. D．Skating. 2．How long does Kangkang run every morning? A．Twenty minutes. B．Thirty minutes. C．Forty minutes. D．Fifty minutes. 3．Who likes basketball? A．Kangkang. B．Michael. C．Jane. D．Maria. 4．Where does Jane cycle on weekends? A．On the playground. B．In the gym. C．In the park. D．At home. 5．How often does Maria take skating lessons? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. D．Every day. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了班里几位同学各自喜爱的体育运动，说明了每个人运动的方式、时长以及运动带来的好处，最后点明运动带给我们快乐和活力，呼吁坚持运动。 【详解】1．文中明确指出“Kangkang likes running best.”，说明康康最喜欢的运动是跑步。 2．文中明确指出“He runs for 30 minutes every morning.”，说明康康每天早上跑步三十分钟。 3．文中明确指出“Michael’s favorite sport is basketball.”，说明Michael喜欢篮球。 4．文中明确指出“She usually rides her bike to the park on weekends.”，说明Jane周末去公园骑自行车。 5．文中明确指出“She takes skating lessons twice a week.”，说明Maria一周上两次滑冰课。 （三） （26-27八年级上·河南南阳·阶段检测）I am Sascha Marr. My hobby is making shoes. I’ve always liked designing things. I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight, and I made my first skirt at the age of nine. At eleven, I started making shoes, and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoemaking course that he was having. I wanted to have one, too. Mom booked me on a four-day course at I Can Make Shoes School in London to see if (是否) I liked it. After the four-day course, I also did a ten-day course there during the summer holiday. I loved the courses. I made four pairs of shoes! I never thought of that before. The teachers were excellent. That was the best thing about the classes. They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun, too. I made about 15 pairs of shoes in the past. At the moment, I’m making a pair of training shoes, using an old pair of jeans (牛仔裤), but I used all kinds of different things before, from old leather (皮革) handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes alters my plans for the future. I used to think I would become a shoe-maker. Now I know that I want to be a designer (设计师). I’ve decided I’ll do home design with my name—Sascha. I’ve designed lots of shoes and also some clothes, so I’d like to try something new. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．When did Sascha make her first skirt? A．At the age of eight. B．At the age of nine. C．At the age of eleven. D．At the age of fifteen. 2．How long did Sascha stay in London in total (一共)? A．For two weeks. B．For three weeks. C．For a week. D．For four weeks. 3．What is Sascha using to make the training shoes at the moment? A．An old coat. B．An old schoolbag. C．An old pair of jeans. D．An old pair of shoes. 4．What does the underlined word “alters” mean in the text? A．divides B．checks C．receives D．changes 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Make Shoes B．A Hobby Changed My Future C．A Famous Designer D．An Old Leather Handbag 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Sascha Marr从小喜欢设计和制作东西，后来通过参加制鞋课程爱上了做鞋，并在制作鞋子的过程中改变了自己对未来职业的规划。 【详解】1．第一段提到：“I made my first skirt at the age of nine.” 这说明Sascha是在九岁时做了第一条裙子。 2．第二段提到：“Mom booked me on a four-day course at I Can Make Shoes School in London”以及“After the four-day course, I also did a ten-day course there during the summer holiday.” 她在伦敦先参加了4天课程，后来又参加了10天课程，一共是14天，即两周。 3．第四段提到：“At the moment, I’m making a pair of training shoes, using an old pair of jeans.” 这说明她目前正在用一条旧牛仔裤制作运动鞋。 4．第五段提到：“Making shoes alters my plans for the future. I used to think I would become a shoe-maker. Now I know that I want to be a designer.” 这里“alters”表示“改变”，因为她对未来的计划从做鞋匠变成了做设计师。 5．全文主要讲述Sascha因为制作鞋子这个爱好，改变了自己对未来职业的规划，因此“A Hobby Changed My Future”最适合作标题。 （四） （26-27八年级上·山东·单元测试）①Collecting is one of people’s hobbies and people collect things for different reasons. ②Some people collect because they want to make money. We call them business collectors. This could be called an instrumental (工具性) reason for collecting. They’ll look for antiques (古董, 古玩) that they can buy cheaply and sell at a higher price. But there may be a psychological thought, too—buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement (成就感). ③Another reason for collecting is the desire (渴望) to find something special, such as an early recording by a famous singer. Some may spend their whole lives looking for this. Psychologically (心理学上), this can give a purpose (目的) to a life. There is a danger, though, that if one is lucky enough to find what he is looking for, he may feel empty, because the goal that drove him on has gone. ④If you think about collecting stamps, another reason is its educational value (教育价值). Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. In the 19th century, many collectors collected fossils (化石), animals and plants from around the world and their collections provided much information about the natural world. Without those collections, our understanding of the world would be far behind what it is. ⑤Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some people collect because of the need for a sense of control (控制). Stamp collectors, for example, place their stamps in albums very neatly according to their favourite order. 1．According to the passage, business collectors collect things to ________. A．have fun B．make money C．meet their interest 2．What do the underlined words “he may feel empty” mean in paragraph 3? A．He may feel hungry. B．He may feel hopeless about his hobby. C．He may lose the goal of life. 3．Which is TRUE according to Paragraph 3 and 4? A．Many singers like collecting things. B．Collections can open up the world to the collectors. C．Most collections now are from the 19th century. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了收藏是一种爱好，并说明了收藏的不同原因。 【详解】1．第二段第一句“Some people collect because they want to make money. We call them business collectors.”，原文直接说明商业收藏家收藏物品的目的是赚钱。 2．第三段最后一句“…because the goal that drove him on has gone.”，驱动他前行的目标消失了，所以他会失去人生目标，对应C；A选项饥饿，B选项对爱好无望，均不符合原文。 3．第四段第二句“Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries…”，集藏为收藏者打开看世界的窗口，和B选项“收藏能为收藏者打开认识世界的大门”同义；A、C原文没有提及。 4．通读全文，第一段引出了收藏这项爱好；第二、三、四、五段介绍并说明了收藏的不同原因，则本文的结构为“①/②③④⑤”。 （五） （25-26八年级上·全国·期中）We make a survey of 300 young people about what they like to do on weekends. One hundred people are from ages of 11—18, one hundred 19—26 and one hundred 27—35. The people of 27—35 like taking a walk best. They take a walk every day with their friends or relatives (亲人). The people of 19—26 like doing many things except taking a walk. The following shows their answers. 1．How many people enjoy watching TV in the 11—18 group? A．20 B．50 C．75 D．80 2．What do the people of 19—26 dislike doing? A．Playing computer games. B．Watching TV. C．Going to the movies. D．Taking a walk. 3．Which group likes playing computer games most? A．The people of 11—18. B．The people of 19—26. C．The people of 27—35. D．The people of 23—40. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一项针对300名分属三个年龄段的年轻人周末活动喜好的调查，点明27-35岁人群最爱散步、19-26岁人群不爱散步的特点，并通过柱状图呈现了不同年龄段在四项活动上的喜好差异。 【详解】1．根据文章原文最后一句“The following shows their answers.”及下方柱状图“Favorite things to do (by age)”，Watching TV项目中代表ages11—18的黑色柱形对应纵轴数值为75，可知11-18岁组喜欢看电视的有75人。 2．根据文章原文倒数第二句“The people of 19—26 like doing many things except taking a walk.”，句中except意为“除……之外（不包含）”，说明19—26岁的人不喜欢散步。 3．根据文章原文“The following shows their answers.”及下方柱状图“Favorite things to do (by age)”，Playing computer games项目中代表ages11—18的黑色柱形高度最高，可知11—18岁的人群最喜欢玩电脑游戏。 话题2 疾病健康与安全 （一） （26-27八年级上·山东淄博·阶段检测）Some Information about Chinese Medicine Name: Huoxiang Note: If people vomit (呕吐) and don’t want to eat anything, they can use it. Way to take it: First cook it in water for some minutes and then get the medicine soup. When taking it, you can add some brown sugar to it to make it taste better. Name: Baishao Note: It’s useful for the stomachache and the headache. Way to take it: First, put it in water for 30-60 minutes. Then cook it for some minutes. Finally, get the medicine soup and drink it. Name: Sanqi Note: People can use it to stop the bleeding or use it when they have a sore back, a toothache or a sore in other parts of the body. The taste is not terrible. Way to take it: It’s OK to take it after making it into powder (粉末). People can also put it on the sore part of the body. Name: Niuhuang Note: It’s useful for sore throat and clearing heat-toxin (清热解毒). Way to take it: Take it with water or make it into powder and put it on the sore body part. 1．Which of the people can take Huoxiang according to the table? A．Jack has a headache now. B．Lisa has a sore back. C．Bob doesn’t want to eat anything these days. 2．Before we cook Baishao, we need to ________. A．add some brown sugar to it B．put it in water for some minutes C．make it into powder 3．People can use ________ to stop losing blood from the body. A．Sanqi B．Niuhuang C．Huoxiang 4．What do Sanqi and Niuhuang have in common? A．Both of them taste terrible. B．It’s OK to turn both of them into powder. C．People can use them to stop the stomachache. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．Sports. B．People. C．Health. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一份关于中药的用途和服用方法的信息表，帮助人们了解常见中药的适用症状和使用方式。 【详解】1．根据藿香部分“If people vomit and don’t want to eat anything, they can use it.”可知，不想吃东西的人可以服用藿香。 2．根据白芍部分“First put it in water for 30-60 minutes. Then cook it for some minutes.”可知，煮白芍前需要先把它放在水里泡一段时间。 3．根据三七部分“People can use it to stop the bleeding”可知，三七可用于止血。 4．根据三七部分“It’s OK to take it after making it into powder.”和牛黄部分“Take it with water or make it into powder”可知，两者的共同点是都可以磨成粉使用。 5．本文介绍中药的用途和服用方法，属于健康类内容，最可能出现在报纸的健康版块。 （二） As summer gives way to autumn, many of us find ourselves lacking (缺少) warmth and sunlight. And the shorter days make some people feel upset (沮丧的) and lazy. They are having the so-called autumn sadness. In worse cases, however, some may suffer from seasonal affective disorder, or SAD． SAD is a type of depression (抑郁症). It mostly starts in the late autumn or early winter and goes away in the spring and summer. People who have SAD oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once liked. They also feel sad and even desperate (绝望的). The reason for SAD is not clear. Johns Hopkins University said that the lack of natural light during the autumn and winter months may disrupt (打乱) the body clock and the making of hormones (荷尔蒙). This disruption can lead to depression. People with SAD often need medical (医疗的) help. Light therapy (光疗法) is a common and useful way to treat (治疗) it. Doctors advise patients (病人) to get as much sunlight as possible. Light therapy helps to balance hormones and get a patient’s life back on track. Also, living a healthy life, like sleeping early, exercising often, and eating well, can help people deal with SAD． According to the National Institute of Mental Health of the US, in most cases (情况), SAD begins in young adulthood (青年时期). So, while studying inside the classroom, don’t forget to get some sunshine outside the classroom when you can! DID YOU KNOW? Although most SAD cases appear in autumn and winter, some people get it in spring and summer. People who have summer SAD may find it hard to sleep, not feel like eating, and get annoyed (恼怒的) easily. Kelly Rohan, a professor of psychological science (心理科学) at the University of Vermont, US, advises people with summer SAD to stay in air-conditioned (有空调的) places to help them feel better. Choose the answer: 1．When are people most likely to get SAD in our country? A．In March. B．In June. C．In September. D．In November. 2．What do people usually do when they have SAD? A．They feel full and stay up late at night. B．They eat more, sleep more and feel sad. C．They eat less and do more exercise. D．They sleep early and live a healthier life. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The changes in the body in autumn and winter. B．The body clock of people with SAD． C．The hormones people need. D．The possible reason for SAD． 4．What does the underlined part mean in the passage? A．make people feel younger B．make people’s lives more colorful C．help people get more sunlight D．help people become healthy again 5．How can we help protect ourselves from SAD? A．Not exercising under too much sunlight. B．Having a healthy lifestyle. C．Trying to stay indoors. D．Helping others deal with SAD． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种常见的病症——季节性情绪失调的起因及治疗。 【详解】1．第二段中提到发病时间：“It mostly starts in the late autumn or early winter”，说明发病时间主要在秋冬之交。十一月最符合“深秋或初冬”的时间段。 2．第二段介绍患者症状：“People who have SAD oversleep, overeat…They also feel sad”，说明患者的症状包括多睡、多吃和情绪低落。 3．第三段首句提到“The reason for SAD is not clear”，随后解释了光照缺乏可能打乱生物钟和荷尔蒙分泌从而导致抑郁，说明本段主要介绍患SAD的可能原因。 4．划线部分在第四段最后一句：“Light therapy helps to balance hormones and get a patient’s life back on track”，这句话的意思是“光疗有助于平衡荷尔蒙，让病人的生活回到正轨”，也就是说可以帮助人们再次变得健康。 5．第五段提到预防此病的方法：“living a healthy life, like sleeping early, exercising often, and eating well, can help people deal with SAD”，说明保持健康的生活方式是预防和应对SAD的有效方法。 （三） （25-26八年级下·陕西安康·期中）You might have a fever after catching a cold. It is more worrying than having a headache, a sore throat and other symptoms (症状). Teenagers may have a fever easily after catching a cold. The following might be of some help to you to feel better when having a fever. Dos: ● You need even more food when you have a fever. You’ll feel even worse if you don’t have enough food. ● A fever can make you breathe faster and it will increase water loss (增加水分流失). Also, your body needs more water to lower your temperature. So don’t forget to drink enough water. Don’ts: ● Soda, cola and other caffeinated (含咖啡因的) drinks should be kept away from you when you have a fever. You can’t get enough water from them when your body really needs water. ● Don’t dress too warmly or put yourself in a place that is too hot. It’s not good for your body to regulate (调节) temperature. Or it can make your fever worse. 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Doctors. B．Climbers. C．Teenagers. D．Parents. 2．What should you do if you have a fever? ①Eat enough food.    ②Say no to soda.    ③Dress very warmly.    ④Keep away from water. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 3．We can learn ________ from the passage. A．how to lower our body temperature B．what to do when we have a fever C．why we easily catch a cold D．when to go to the doctor 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了感冒后发烧的相关注意事项，明确了发烧时的“可做事项”和“不可做事项”，为青少年发烧时的护理提供实用建议。 【详解】1．文章明确提到“Teenagers may have a fever easily after catching a cold”，说明本文的目标读者是青少年。 2．依据Dos部分“You need even more food when you have a fever”可知①正确；依据Don’ts部分“Soda, cola and other caffeinated drinks should be kept away from you”可知②正确；原文明确不要穿太暖和，故③错误；发烧需要多喝水，远离水④做法错误。综上正确组合为①②。 3．文章核心内容是介绍发烧时的“可做事项”和“不可做事项”，本质是告诉读者发烧时应该做什么、不应该做什么，即向读者传递发烧时的正确护理方法，因此我们可以从文章中了解到发烧时的正确做法。 （四） （26-27八年级上·重庆长寿·阶段检测）When you want to take a trip on your holiday, you should make a careful plan. Here are some rules. They may help you to keep safe on a trip. *You’d better travel with your friends. And you should always keep together with your friends. *When there are a lot of people around you, you should carry your bag in front of you. Don’t put it on your back. *Put on a life jacket when you take a boat or ship. When you fall out of a boat or ship, it can keep you safe. *Don’t go swimming alone. *Don’t sleep on a bus or train. Never put your head out of the window. It’s not safe. *Take a map, a phone and some clothes with you. *Have safe food and drinks. Everyone should be careful when traveling. Enjoy your trip! 1．When you want to take a trip you should ________. A．make a careful plan B．sleep on a bus C．travel alone D．take a cap 2．Which of the following is RIGHT when there are many people around you on your trip? A． B． C． D． 3．It is ________ when people put their heads out of the window of a bus. A．useful B．possible C．safe D．dangerous 4．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Have Safe Food and Drinks B．How to Keep Safe on a Trip C．A Careful Plan D．How to Swim 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文给出了一些旅行安全规则：和朋友一起旅行并保持在一起；周围人多时把包背在身前；乘船时穿救生衣；不要独自游泳；不要在公交车或火车上睡觉，不要把头伸出窗外；带上地图、手机和衣物；注意饮食安全。 【详解】1．第一段中提到“When you want to take a trip on your holiday, you should make a careful plan.”，可知旅行时应制定周密计划，选项A正确。 2．规则中提到“When there are a lot of people around you, you should carry your bag in front of you.”，周围人多时应把包放在身前，选项D正确。 3．规则中提到“Never put your head out of the window. It’s not safe.”，把头伸出窗外不安全，即危险，选项D正确。 4．全文围绕旅行安全规则展开，选项B“How to Keep Safe on a Trip”最合适。A“注意饮食安全”只是其中一条；C“周密的计划”只是开头提及；D“如何游泳”与主题无关。 （五） （26-27八年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）阅读以下语篇，完成1-3小题。 When a fire breaks out, a fire extinguisher can help you put it out quickly and safely. It’s commonly found in offices, schools and homes. Just remember the “PASS” rule and follow the steps on the right. Remember, only use a fire extinguisher for small fires. For large fires, leave the area and call 119 at once. Stand at least two meters away from the fire to stay safe. 1．What does “PASS” mean in fire extinguisher use? A．Push, Aim, Spray (喷洒), Stop. B．Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. C．Pull, Aim, Sweep, Squeeze. D．Push, Adjust, Spray, Stop. 2．What should you do if the fire gets bigger? A．Ask someone to help you. B．Leave the area and call 119. C．Keep spraying until it’s out. D．Try to find a bigger extinguisher. 3．Which picture can best describe Step 4 of the “PASS” Method? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了灭火器的相关知识，分别从灭火器的适用场景、PASS使用方法以及火灾注意事项这几个方面加以说明。 【详解】1．文中“Key Steps---“PASS” Method：1.Pull… 2.Aim… 3.Squeeze… 4.Sweep…”，说明PASS代表Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep。 2．文中第2段“For large fires, leave the area and call 119 at once.”，说明火势变大时要离开现场并拨打119。 3．文中最后“Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is out.”，说明第4步是左右摆动喷嘴喷射，对应D图。 话题3 成长家庭与社交 （一） （25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）When you meet problems, who will you ask for help? Your parents, your teachers or your friends? You’d better tell others your bad feelings, and not face all the difficulties by yourself. Remember that there is always someone to help you. Be kind to yourself and ask for help. Name your feelings. For example, you may say“I am so angry!” loudly when you feel angry. You can also do exercise, listen to music, write a diary, play with a pet, go for a walk or do whatever helps you change to a better feeling. Be calm. You need to understand what the problem is, with the help of others. You must deal with the problem. If you work on it, you will find good ways to deal with it and you will become stronger after this experience. Unhappiness won’t stay for a long time, so don’t think problems will catch you all the time. Instead, you should always see the bright side. Remember, every cloud has a silver lining. Even when things seem bad, there is always something good waiting to happen. Stay positive and believe in yourself. You have the ability to solve the problems that come your way. 1．What should you do when you meet problems according to the passage? A．Face difficulties by yourself. B．Ask someone for help. C．Ask others to deal with problems. D．Feel unhappy and upset. 2．What does the underlined phrase“every cloud has a silver lining” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Clouds can shine brightly. B．Bad things may bring good results. C．Weather changes quickly. D．Everyone may meet difficulties. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why problems happen. B．To encourage people to help others. C．To teach ways to deal with bad feelings. D．To describe different kinds of feelings. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了遇到问题和不良情绪时应该如何应对，包括表达情绪、寻求帮助、保持冷静以及看到事物积极的一面。 【详解】1．第一段提到“You’d better tell others your bad feelings, and not face all the difficulties by yourself. ... Be kind to yourself and ask for help.”，因此遇到问题时应该向他人求助。 2．第四段“every cloud has a silver lining”是一句英语谚语，字面意思是“每朵乌云都镶有银边”，比喻再糟糕的情况也会有积极的一面。结合后文“Even when things seem bad, there is always something good waiting to happen.”，可知这句话的意思是“坏事可能会带来好结果”。 3．文章围绕如何应对不良情绪展开，第一段建议寻求帮助，第二段建议给情绪命名并做喜欢的事来改善情绪，第三段建议保持冷静并看到积极面。因此文章的主要目的是教授处理不良情绪的方法。 （二） （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试） A strange way to get relaxed has spread to cities across China. That is hugging trees. Young people take comfort from it. Hundreds of people online share their tree-hugging experiences which make themselves less stressed and worried. In their opinion, it is a way of keeping a close relationship with the natural world. By hugging a tree, some of them feel that the tree is hugging them back. One woman gave up her job because of too much work pressure. According to her, hugging trees helps her a lot. She totally enjoys herself in hugging trees. “Hugging trees helps me calm down (冷静) and lets me return to a natural state (状态). I feel so free and feel the world is so big. I have also become braver than before,” she said. Hugging trees is actually a kind of psychological therapy (心理治疗) which first came from northern Europe. In northern Finland, there’s even a tree-hugging competition every August. A study has also shown that hugging can lead people to give off oxytocin (催产素). Oxytocin is able to create feelings of love and make people less stressed. While tree-hugging has been shown to be helpful for people’s body and mind, there are many points we should pay attention to before we do that. 1．Who in the following would most probably hug trees according to the passage? A．A man who wants to relax his mind and body. B．A teenager who has a strong and healthy body. C．A woman who usually feels kind of relaxed. D．A kid who depends on his or her parents greatly. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How people should hug trees. B．Who found hugging trees is relaxing. C．Why people feel relaxed after hugging trees. D．Where people can get psychological therapy. 3．Which of the following is most probably to be discussed next? A．Many places where people can hug trees. B．More reasons why people choose to hug trees. C．Some active changes brought by tree-hugging. D．Something that people need to notice before hugging trees. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在中国城市流行的“抱树”减压方式，以及它的起源、心理作用和相关注意事项。   【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A strange way to get relaxed has spread to cities across China. That is hugging trees.”可知，抱树是一种放松方式，因此想要放松身心的人最可能去抱树。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。第四段解释了抱树是一种心理疗法，并说明它能促使人体释放催产素，从而产生爱的感觉、减轻压力，这正是人们抱树后感到放松的原因。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“there are many points we should pay attention to before we do that”可知，文章接下来很可能会讨论抱树前需要注意的事项。故选D。 （三） （25-26八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Anger is a completely normal, usually healthy human emotion (情感). But when it gets out of control, it can lead to problems——problems at work, in your personal relationships, and in the overall quality of your life. You cannot control how and when you get angry but you can control and choose what you want to do with your anger. And certainly there are ways to manage it. Express your anger in a proper way. Don’t express it in a rude manner (方式), as rudeness damages the relationships between you and others. Instead, you can express it as an announcement, a warning or a suggestion. Relaxation. Simple relaxation ways can help calm down angry feelings. For example, take a deep breath. This works best if you do it regularly, as it’s more of a stress management skill that can help you use self-control when you’re mad. Or try to slowly repeat a calm word or phrase such as “relax” and “take it easy”. Repeat it to yourself while breathing deeply. Smile and be happy. The smile reduces your stress and it gets you another smile in return. It makes anyone happy. A happy person is less likely to get angry too easily and for too long. Exercise. Go for a walk or take a long run, work out, or go to play a sport. Lots of research has shown that exercise is a great way to improve your mood (情绪) and get rid of bad feelings. Anger is a strong emotion. Learning how to deal with it takes a little time, a little practice, but you can get there if you want to. 1．If a person gets angry easily, he may cause difficulties in ________. A．relationship with others B．his work C．the quality of his life D．all of the above 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Hold back your anger. B．Show your anger properly. C．Anger is a bad emotion. D．Don’t express your anger. 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．A happy person is not likely to get angry. B．Smiling at others can get you another smile. C．Repeating a calm word or phrase can help control anger. D．Taking a deep breath is a good way to control one’s anger. 4．Which is useful to improve one’s mood? A．Smile. B．Relaxation. C．Exercise. D．Expression. 5．What is the best title of this article? A．Anger Leads to Problems B．Smile Cures Anger C．Improve Your Mood D．Ways to Manage Anger 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，首先说明愤怒是人类常见且正常的情绪，但失控会带来诸多问题，随后介绍了四种控制愤怒的实用方法，倡导人们学会控制愤怒反应，避免负面情绪带来更多困扰。 【详解】1．根据第一段“But when it gets out of control, it can lead to problems——problems at work, in your personal relationships, and in the overall quality of your life.”可知，人一旦愤怒失控后，在工作，人际关系及生活质量等方面都会产生问题。 2．根据“Express your anger in a proper way.”可知，第二段开篇直接点明要以恰当的方式表达愤怒，后续内容进一步说明不要用粗鲁的方式宣泄愤怒，可通过宣告、提醒或建议的方式表达，核心是合理宣泄愤怒。与选项B相符。 3．根据第四段“A happy person is less likely to get angry too easily and for too long.”可知，一个快乐的人不太容易生气太久。A项说法过于绝对。 4．根据“Lots of research has shown that exercise is a great way to improve your mood (情绪) and get rid of bad feelings.”可知，运动是改善情绪、消除不良感受的绝佳方式。 5．根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了四种控制愤怒的实用方法，倡导人们学会控制愤怒反应，避免负面情绪带来更多困扰。D选项最能概括这一核心主旨。 （四） （25-26八年级上·重庆合川·期中）Have you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, or afraid—all of them can give you a stomachache or a headache. However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad. Good stress might happen when you are called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech in public. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if a family member is ill, if you are having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick. The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep in mind: sleep, exercise, relaxation, and food. If you get enough sleep and eat healthily, and if you exercise and leave time to have fun, you will feel less stressed. 1．How will you feel if you have stress? A．Happy. B．Sorry. C．Worried. D．Quiet. 2．Which of the following is an example of good stress? A．Being worried about your sick family member. B．Having problems at school every day. C．Being called to answer questions in class. D．Feeling unhappy because of something. 3．Bad stress may happen when _______. A．you do a better job on your test B．the stress lasts too long C．you prepare better before a test D．you have a balanced life 4．What’s the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1……) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕“压力”展开说明，介绍了压力的定义与带来的身心感受、压力的两种类型（好压力和坏压力的不同表现与影响），以及对抗压力的核心方法——保持平衡的生活。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something.”可知，压力是人们担忧某事时产生的感受，即有压力时会感到担忧。 2．根据文章第2段“Good stress might happen when you are called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech in public.”可知，课堂上被点名回答问题是好压力的例子。 3．根据文章第3段“bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long.”可推知，当压力持续时间过长时，坏压力就会出现。 4．文章第1段总起，以“Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something.”点明压力的定义，引出说明对象；第2段以“there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.”开启对好压力的介绍，第3段承接介绍坏压力，两段为并列分述关系；第4段以“The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life.”总结对抗压力的方法，整体为总-分-总结构，与选项C的图示匹配。 （五） （25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·阶段检测）Sometimes people may feel lonely when they are alone. Loneliness (孤独) is one of the worst experiences, so we should find ways to overcome it. Here is some advice. Keep yourself busy. One of the greatest ways to avoid being lonely is to do something all the time. Giving yourself something to do is a good way to pass time. You can do housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking. It can also be fun. Make a plan for your work. Make a plan for your work, and you’ll have more time to do many other fantastic things that you like to do. In that way, you’ll use your time well and enjoy your life. ①________ When you feel lonely, you can play sports. It is a good way to help you not be lonely. It also helps you enjoy your life. ②________ Maybe if you buy something new, you’ll feel better. After you see many colourful things, your feelings will improve. ③________ If you have a good rest, you may dream of something nice. During that time you’ll feel as if loneliness isn’t close to you. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Elderly people can feel lonely easily. B．Happy people never feel lonely. C．Loneliness makes people feel bad. D．Loneliness can improve our health. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Doing housework. B．Feeling lonely. C．Overcoming loneliness. D．Doing fantastic things. 3．What should people do in order to make good use of time? A．Stay in all day. B．Work long at weekends. C．Do one thing all the time. D．Make a plan for work. 4．Match the topic sentence with each part. a. Go shopping.         b. Go to sleep.         c. Do some sports. A．①a ②b ③c B．①c ②a ③b C．①c ②b ③a D．①b ②c ③a 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Ways to pass our free time B．Ways to overcome loneliness C．When do people feel lonely? D．Who makes people feel lonely? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了克服孤独的几种建议，包含保持忙碌、制定计划、运动、购物和休息等方法，探讨如何更好地享受生活。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“Loneliness (孤独) is one of the worst experiences, so we should find ways to overcome it.”可知，孤独是一种糟糕的经历，会让人感觉不好。 2．根据文章第2段“You can do housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking. It can also be fun.”可知，“It”指代前文提到的做家务这件事。 3．根据文章第3段“Make a plan for your work, and you'll have more time to do many other fantastic things that you like to do.”可知，为了充分利用时间，应该为工作制定计划。 4．根据文章空缺处后内容：①后提到“When you feel lonely, you can play sports.”对应“c. Do some sports.”；②后提到“Maybe if you buy something new...”对应“a. Go shopping.”；③后提到“If you have a good rest...”对应“b. Go to sleep.”。 5．根据全文主要介绍了克服孤独的几种方法，如保持忙碌、制定工作计划、运动、购物和休息等，“Ways to overcome loneliness”为最佳标题。 话题4 探索自然 （一） （24-25八年级下·江西抚州·阶段检测）A river is a flowing (流动的) stream of water. Usually, a river feeds water into an ocean, a lake, a pond, or even another river. Rivers can differ in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called a river. Here are the five longest rivers in the world. The Nile River The Nile River is about 4,132 miles long. It is located in the continent of Africa, mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Amazon River The Amazon River is about 4,000 miles long. It is located in the continent of South America and flows through several countries including Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It ends at the Atlantic Ocean. The Yangtze River Located in China, the Yangtze River is about 3,915 miles long and flows into the East China Sea. The Mississippi River and the Missouri River The river system of the Mississippi River and the Missouri River is the longest river system in North America at 3,709 miles. It flows south into the Gulf of Mexico. The Yenisei River The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It’s 3,445 miles long. There are 76 rivers in the world over 1,000 miles long. A lot of people think that rivers always flow south, but 4 of the 10 longest rivers in the world flow north. The United States alone has around 3.5 million miles of rivers. Four of the top 10 longest rivers flow through China at some point. 1．Which is the second longest river in the world? A．The Nile River. B．The Mississippi River. C．The Yangtze River. D．The Amazon River. 2．How many rivers are there in the world over 1,000 miles long? A．10. B．76. C．4. D．35. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the facts above? A．A river always feeds water into an ocean. B．All the rivers flow through China at some point. C．The Mississippi River ends at the Gulf of Mexico. D．The Nile River is 155 miles longer than the Yangtze River. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上最长的五条河流——尼罗河、亚马逊河、长江、密西西比河和叶尼塞河，以及关于世界上的河流的一些事实。 【详解】1．根据表格内容“The Nile River is about 4,132 miles long.”、“The Amazon River is about 4,000 miles long.”、“Located in China, the Yangtze River is about 3,915 miles long…”、“The river system of the Mississippi River and the Missouri River is the longest river system in North America at 3,709 miles.”和“The Yenisei River…It’s 3,445 miles long.”可知，尼罗河（约4132英里）> 亚马逊河（约4000英里）> 长江（约3915英里）> 密西西比和密苏里河水系（约3709英里）> 叶尼塞河（约3445英里），世界第二长河是亚马逊河。 2．最后一段“There are 76 rivers in the world over 1,000 miles long.”说明世界上超过1000英里的河流有76条。 3．表格倒数第二行“The Mississippi River and the Missouri River”和“It flows south into the Gulf of Mexico.”说明密西西比河最终注入墨西哥湾。 （二） （24-25八年级下·重庆·期中）Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth. Here, you can see snowy mountains shining under the bright blue sky. You can also take a deep breath of the freshest air. The name Qomolangma means “Mother of the Earth”. It is also called Mount Everest. It stands on the border (边界) between Nepal and China and is part of the Himalaya Mountains. It is about 8,848 meters tall, as high as some planes can fly! Every September and October, hundreds of climbers from all over the world come here. The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses. They climb in groups to help and support each other. Qomolangma is always very cold and windy. Snow covers the mountains all year round. The wind never stops blowing. In winter, the temperature can drop to -60℃! Because of the coldness and the thin air with very little oxygen (氧气), not many animals can survive here. However, yaks (牦牛) are special animals that can live in such horrible environment. They are called “the ships of the highland”. Qomolangma What is special about it? What does its name mean? “Mother of the Earth”. Where is it? On the border between Nepal and China. How tall is it? About 8,848 meters. *It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen. Which of the following can be put into No. 1 and No. 2? 1．A．It is a low and warm place. B．It is home to many animals. C．It is the tallest place on Earth. D．It is the coldest place on Earth. 2．A．When is the best time to climb it? B．What is the environment like there? C．How do animals and plants live there? D．Would you like to visit it there one day? 3．Why do climbers wear warm clothes and sunglasses? A．To follow the traditions there. B．To move faster on the mountain. C．To carry less weight when climbing. D．To keep warm and protect their eyes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了珠穆朗玛峰的基本信息和特点。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Qomolangma is the tallest place on Earth.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的地方。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“*It’s always very cold and windy. *Snow covers the mountains all year round. *The air is thin with very little oxygen.”可知，此处描述的是珠穆朗玛峰的环境特点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The sunlight is very strong but it’s still very cold. So they wear warm clothes and sunglasses.”可知，登山者穿保暖衣物和戴太阳镜是为了保暖和保护眼睛。故选D。 （三） （26-27九年级上·安徽·课后作业）A group of young Chinese stars shone bright at the Tokyo Olympic Games, fueling the country with great confidence for the future of Chinese sports. According to the Chinese Olympic Committee, 293 of its athletes — nearly 68 per cent of the team — made their Olympic debuts (首秀) in Tokyo. Many of the youngsters showed great athletic skills beyond their years and made breakthrough (突破) performances. Led by women’s 200 m butterfly champion Zhang Yufei, young swimmers Tang Muhan, Yang Junxuan and Li Bingjie won the women’s 4×200 m freestyle relay in a world-record time of 7 minutes, 40. 33 seconds. China, Australia and the United States are the only nations to win the event since its Olympic debut in 1996. “The unexpected win has set our hopes high for the future, as well as increasing our confidence,” said Li. The great performances in some of China’s strong sports have also told fans that the country’s dominance (优势) is safe. For example, in table tennis, Sun Yingsha’s 4:0 victory over Japan’s Mima Ito in the women’s singles semifinals (半决赛) was a highlight (高光时刻). Overcoming a brief scare in the second game by winning eight points in a row, Sun showed that the nation’s table tennis talent cultivation (培养) program remains in good health — accounting for 32 out of the 37 Olympic gold medals since the sport’s Games debut in 1988. Such impressive performances in Tokyo have helped partly fill the void (空白) left by the retirement of a number of international sporting stars, such as Yao Ming, Liu Xiang and Li Na. Staying at the top, however, presents a challenge for the younger athletes as other nations try to respond to China’s resurgence (复兴).“The Olympics are always the breeding ground for future stars, but our younger generation of athletes has yet to be fully tested internationally,” said Tan Jianxiang, a sports sociology researcher at South China Normal University. “The real challenge comes right after their breakout debut performances at the Olympics.” 1．Which country is NOT the one to win the women’s 4×200 m freestyle relay since its Olympic debut in 1996? A．China. B．Australia. C．Japan. D．The United States. 2．What can we infer from Tan Jianxiang’s words in the last paragraph? A．The younger athletes have not performed so well at the Olympics. B．The younger athletes should have won more medals. C．The younger athletes are sure to defeat other countries because China’s dominance is safe. D．It’s a challenge for the younger athletes to stay at the top as other nations will try their best. 3．新考向 文章出处 Where is the passage most likely from? A．A sports newspaper. B．A brochure. C．A poster. D．A science report. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述东京奥运会上大批中国年轻运动员崭露头角，列举游泳、乒乓球项目亮眼成绩，同时指出新生代运动员想要持续保持顶尖水平，仍面临各国强力竞争的挑战。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“China, Australia and the United States are the only nations to win the event since its Olympic debut in 1996.”可知，自1996年该项目登上奥运赛场以来，夺冠国家只有中国、澳大利亚、美国，日本不在其中。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Staying at the top, however, presents a challenge for the younger athletes as other nations try to respond to China’s resurgence (复兴).”以及谭建祥的发言能够推断：其他国家都会全力追赶，年轻运动员想要持续保持顶尖水平是一项挑战。 3．推理判断题。全文围绕东京奥运中国青年运动员赛事表现展开，属于体育新闻，最有可能出自体育报纸。 （四） （25-26八年级上·河南商丘·期末） The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different colored parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks, leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles; each one has a different color. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor center nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What does the Eye of the Sahara look like? A．A football field. B．A bright star. C．A colorful pizza. D．A deep ocean. 2．According to the passage, how did wind and rain help form the Eye of the Sahara? A．They made the ground rise up. B．They created colorful circles directly. C．They brought sand to cover the rocks. D．They wore away soft rocks and left hard ones. 3．Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s far from cities. B．Because it’s too small to find. C．Because it’s always full of water. D．Because it’s too hot to get there. 4．What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Develop. D．Protect. 5．What can we infer (推断) from the passage about the future of the Eye of the Sahara? A．It will soon disappear because of sandstorms. B．Scientists and visitors may help protect it. C．It will become a busy city center. D．No one is interested in studying it. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了非洲毛里塔尼亚沙漠中的撒哈拉之眼这一自然奇观，内容涵盖它的外观特征、形成过程、当前面临的生存困境，以及科学家与民众提出的相关保护举措。 【详解】1．根据第一段“The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different colored parts.”可知，撒哈拉之眼看起来像一个多色的披萨。 2．根据第二段“Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks, leaving the hard ones behind.”可知，风雨侵蚀掉软岩石，留下硬岩石，最终形成了撒哈拉之眼。 3．根据第三段“not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities”可知，人们难以便捷地到访撒哈拉之眼，原因是它距离城市很远。 4．根据第四段“Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks.”，结合前文提到撒哈拉之眼正被风沙掩盖、处境危险，由此推知科学家研究的目的是保护岩石不被风沙掩埋，因此conserve与protect“保护”含义相近。 5．根据第四段“Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks...This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara.”可知，科学家在研究保护撒哈拉之眼的方法，也有人提议修建道路和游客中心吸引游客前来，由此可以推断：未来科学家和游客可能会共同助力保护撒哈拉之眼。 （五） （25-26八年级上·河南周口·阶段检测）Does the Dead Sea sound like a place to go swimming? What do you expect (期待) to see in it? Do you believe there are dead things in the Dead Sea? Lying in southwest Asia, the Dead Sea stretches (绵延) for about 80 kilometers. At its deepest point, it is about 400 meters deep. And if you happen to be in the area, you might hear people call it by another name, such as the Salt Sea, the East Sea, or the Sea of the Plain. Even though it’s called the Dead Sea, it isn’t a sea at all! It’s a lake. Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is a very salty lake. In fact, the Dead Sea is one of the saltiest water in the world. Nothing can live in it. That’s why it’s called the Dead Sea. And the Dead Sea stays very salty because it gets only a little rain, and very little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea each year. ________ The Dead Sea is an amazing place to visit, and many people go to the Dead Sea each year on holiday. Because of its high salinity (盐度), the Dead Sea’s waters are denser (密度大的) than ocean water or the water in a swimming pool. That means that anyone can float (漂浮) in the Dead Sea. So if you walk on the beach of the Dead Sea on a warm day, perhaps you can see many people floating in its waters. You might even see many of them reading books or magazines! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling jokes. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 2．How long is the Dead Sea? A．About 80m. B．About 400m. C．About 80km. D．About 400km. 3．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．The Dead Sea is a salty lake. B．Many people died in the Dead Sea. C．Each year much rain enters the Dead Sea. D．Fish can live in the Dead Sea. 4．What is the best sentence for “ ________ ” in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be afraid of the name of the Dead Sea. B．The water of the Dead Sea is a deep blue color, anyway. C．The Dead Sea is getting smaller because of water pollution. D．Always keep your eyes open while you are in the Dead Sea. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Size of the Dead Sea B．Other Names for the Dead Sea C．Dead Sea: An Amazing Natural Wonder D．A Great Experience: Swim in the Dead Sea 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是科普说明文，介绍死海的地理位置、尺寸、高盐特性，以及人们可在死海漂浮游览的独特现象。 【详解】1．文章开头连用三个问句开启内容，对应D选项By asking questions 2．原文第二段“the Dead Sea stretches for about 80 kilometers”，长度约80千米，选C。 3．第三段开头“it isn’t a sea at all! It’s a lake...the Dead Sea is a very salty lake”，可知死海是咸水湖；B、C、D均和段落内容矛盾，选A。 4．后文讲述死海是绝佳游览地，高盐度可以让人漂浮；A选项“不要畏惧死海这个名字”可以承接上文“死海名称由来”、引出下文游玩体验，B、C、D和上下文逻辑不匹配，选A。 5．全文介绍死海各项特点、独特的漂浮景观，属于奇妙自然奇观，C选项Dead Sea: An Amazing Natural Wonder可概括全文；A、B仅对应局部段落内容，选C。 People have been using herbal medicines (草药) for thousands of years. Do you know, for example, that aspirin(阿司匹林)comes from the bark(树皮)of the willow trees? In the 5th century BC, a Greek doctor, Hippocrates, gave a thing equivalent(相当于)to aspirin to his patients to reduce their pain. In 1775, a British doctor, William Withering, was unable to treat a patient who had a serious heart problem. However, the patient made a full recovery after taking something a woman had given him. The woman told the doctor she had made the medicine from purple foxgloves (毛地黄). Today, this herbal medicine is still given to people with heart problems because it can make the heart beat more slowly. Many of the useful herbal medicines can be found in our homes or gardens. Put some lavender oil beside your bed at night to help you ________ better. Or put the leaves from an aloe plant on your burns or cuts. That will help them to heal (康复). The Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, also used this kind of amazing plant to keep her skin soft and young-looking. Finally, don’t forget the power of garlic. It thins and cleans the blood. It is good for stomach problems and coughs, and it’s a natural antiseptic (抗菌剂). So, the next time you have a cold, try a mixture of garlic, lemon and honey. 1．Why are purple foxgloves used for patients with heart problems? A．Because they can heal cuts and burns. B．Because they can keep the skin young-looking. C．Because they can thin and clean the blood. D．Because they can make the heart beat more slowly. 2．Which word can be best put in “________”? A．sleep B．work C．dream D．excite 3．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．People should eat less garlic. B．The garlic is very useful for people. C．The garlic is too powerful to use. D．We can’t forget how to use garlic. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To show the importance of health. B．To introduce some herbal medicines. C．To tell the ways to find herbal medicines. D．To show the history of herbal medicines. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种草药及功效。 【详解】1．根据文章第三段“Today, this herbal medicine is still given to people with heart problems because it can make the heart beat more slowly.”可知，毛地黄可以通过减缓心跳来治疗心脏病。故选D。 2．根据文章第四段“beside your bed at night to help”及常识可知，本句表示夜间在床边放置薰衣草油有助于睡得更好。故选A。 3．根据最后一段“It thins and cleans the blood. It is good for stomach problems and coughs, and it’s a natural antiseptic（抗菌剂）。”可知，本段强调大蒜很有用。故选B。 4．读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一些草药及其功效。故选B。 2 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $