精品解析：北京市第八十中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

北京市第八十中学2026一2027学年第一学期10月阶段评价 高 三 英 语 班级________姓名________考号________ (考试时间90分钟 满分150分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面文章，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 语法填空 Last weekend’s coastal clean-up campaign ____11____ (plan) by our student union one month ago to protect local marine ecosystems. When the union put forward a rule limiting each group to only five volunteers, plenty of students stepped forward to vote ____12____ the proposal without hesitation. The organizers came up with the rule ____13____ (strengthen) safety control and prevent overcrowding on the narrow beach path. However, most participants argued that more hands were needed to clear plastic rubbish, fishing nets and abandoned bottles scattered along the long shoreline. B 语法填空。 The annual campus creativity exhibition ____14____ (attract) learners from dozens of nearby high schools over the past five years. Widely ____15____ (regard) as the most influential youth creative event in our district, it serves as a warm and open platform ____16____ students can showcase handmade artworks, small tech inventions and original literary works. Teachers and event staff keep ____17____ (push) teenagers to think outside the box with bold creative attempts, and communicate their unique ideas with peers and professional judges visiting the exhibition hall every year. C 语法填空 All public service departments should set up complete measuring standards to fairly evaluate ____18____ they perform in resource saving and environmental protection. City infrastructure, transport systems and community facilities all need systematic transformation to build a ____19____ (sustainable) urban living environment that rises above the existing standard. Local authorities also bear the vital responsibility of keeping users ____20____ (inform) about low-carbon living methods, waste classification rules and green activity plans, which effectively encourage every citizen to join environmental protection initiatives in daily life. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下面文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A Pre-sessional Course in Academic English The University of Oxford Language Centre is pleased to offer an Online Pre-sessional English course. This six-week intensive programme provides international students admitted to Oxford with the necessary academic writing and speaking skills to prepare them for studying in English at Oxford. International academics, and students preparing to study at universities other than Oxford, are also welcome to apply. Application deadline: Monday 29 June 2026 Course dates: Monday 6 July — Friday 14 August 2026 Admission requirements Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course. Please see the University’s English language requirements for undergraduate study and postgraduate study. Test Minimum score for courses requiring standard level Minimum score for courses requiring higher level IELTS Academic 6.5 overall 7.0 overall TOEFL iBT 92 overall 100 overall C1 Advanced Test 176 185 C2 Level Test 176 185 Oxford Test of English Advanced 145 155 What you will study The course will be delivered through real-time classes, small workshops, online lectures recorded by our Academic English team, and one-to-one and group live tutorials (辅导) with English tutors. Specifically, this English Course will help students to:  Write academic English for different audiences and purposes.  Understand grammatical aspects of language that pose difficulty for non-native writers.  Read more effectively, with increased efficiency and speed.  Improve their pronunciation and learn to speak confidently in lectures and workshops.  Develop academic study skills such as searching for information and referencing sources. Benefits of our online course  You can follow the course from the convenience of your home without needing to travel to Oxford.  Using cutting-edge technology and software, the specifically designed online course offers the same quality of experience as our in-person offering.  You will receive regular personalised tutorials and feedback from our language tutors.  You will have the opportunity to meet and socialise with students from around the world in a virtual classroom environment. More details will be available from the student handbook which will be sent to all students two weeks prior to the course start date. 21. An applicant for the Pre-sessional Course is required to ________. A. be an Oxford student or academic B. provide proof of English competence C. submit the application by 6 July 2026 D. take an English test organized by Oxford 22. Which student is qualified for a higher-level course? A. One with 189 in C2 Level Test. B. One with 6.5 overall in IELTS. C. One with 93 overall in TOEFL iBT. D. One with 178 in C1 Advanced Test. 23. What can a learner do in the pre-sessional course? A. Receive in-person tutorials with English tutors. B. Socialise with international students at Oxford. C. Master the use of cutting-edge teaching software. D. Enhance comprehensive English language abilities. B As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided. The real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D. with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 24. The author presented herself as a successful researcher due to ________. A. the need to lead her research group B. the fear of disappointing her advisor C. the pressure from family expectations D. the desire to fit in with other graduates 25. How did the author feel after starting her Ph.D. program? A. Resentful and hesitant. B. Overwhelmed and disheartened. C. Secure and accomplished. D. Curious and satisfied. 26. What did the author do after the conversation with the advisor? A. She chased productivity and breakthroughs. B. She decided to switch to a postdoc program. C. She focused more on learning core research skills. D. She attempted to conduct research more independently. C Ghosting is a term that refers to the practice of one person ending all forms of communication with another, without any warning or reason. Messages are left on “read”, calls are ignored, and social media ties may be severed. Before the internet, many relationships were formed within inter-connected circles, typically through friends or at work. It would have been much harder to completely sever contact with someone without the awkwardness of bumping into them or facing negative social implications within the community. Now with so many relationships initiated online with fewer connections in common, there are fewer consequences to deal with if we decide to disconnect from someone in a less-than-ethical way. Ghosting can be seen as an effortless solution for avoiding the emotional messiness of having to explain to somebody why you no longer want to continue engaging with them. Deliberately avoiding conflicts can be a form of self-protection to safeguard the ghoster from anxiety or stress, especially if they have had negative experiences dealing with conflict in the past. Ghosting culture can also be interpreted as resulting from the unlimited choices that we now have at our fingertips when it comes to finding a new partner, job or social circle to join. With the huge array of possibilities out there for us to pick from, it has become far too easy to view others as commodities, ready to trade in at the click of a button for something bigger and better. Decision fatigue (疲惫) plays a factor too, especially when we are trying to balance numerous options all in one go. Ghosting provides a practical strategy for weeding out less desirable candidates and saving our energy and time from having to explain why they didn’t make the cut. Ghosting might be becoming increasingly frequent these days, but that doesn’t mean it has become any easier to deal with. The ghostee might then endlessly re-examine every last interaction to pinpoint a cause for the termination of the relationship. This usually leads to negative conclusions and self-blame. However, it’s not only the recipient who suffers from the consequences of ghosting. If ghosting and avoidance become a common occurrence in the ghoster’s social interactions with others, they risk missing out on healthy long-term relationships that require effective communication skills, problem-solving and trust in order to thrive. Disconnection is an unavoidable aspect of life but how we choose to end relationships is fully within our control. It may seem cliché but adopting old-fashioned principles, such as treating others the way we would like to be treated, will prevent us from becoming a society haunted by undesirable behaviour. 27. What does the underlined word “severed” in Para. 1 mean? A. Built up. B. Cut off. C. Given away. D. Relied on. 28. Which of the following situations is an example of ghosting? A. A guide cancels the travel plan at the last minute. B. A child hangs out with friends without telling parents. C. A friend stops having any forms of interactions with you. D. A student refuses to hand in homework without explanation. 29. How might ghosting affect the ghostee? A. Self-defense in the face of criticism. B. Effective management of relationship. C. Self-doubt due to unexpected breakups. D. Long-term relief from intense conflicts. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards ghosting? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Uncertain. D. Objective. D Scientists often complain that people are not rational (理性的) in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coalfired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy (无知) may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill (原油泄漏) in 2010 showed that complacency—among executives, among engineers and among government officials-was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering (地球工程学) to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight (监管) than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. overconfidence B. prediction C. underestimation D. carelessness 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ________. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering is highly recognized by scientists C. the public are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is a great challenge 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. D. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Ignorance or Safety B. Who Is Rational About Risk C. Why Can’t People Trust Technology D. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据文章内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出填入文章空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful — and actionable — hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because…” Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling. Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.” As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 40. What did people have to do if they said “I can’t” in the author’s childhood gymnastics? _____________________________________________________ 41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when the author said that in the gym-class mile run? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. _____________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if the expression “I can’t” occurs to you? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上个月举办了基于高考各科目相关知识的主题活动，你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．介绍你参加的某一科目的活动内容； 2．分享你的收获。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第八十中学2026一2027学年第一学期10月阶段评价 高 三 英 语 班级________姓名________考号________ (考试时间90分钟 满分150分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面文章，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man approached me on the train.”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，这是作者凭想象进行的判断。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 语法填空 Last weekend’s coastal clean-up campaign ____11____ (plan) by our student union one month ago to protect local marine ecosystems. When the union put forward a rule limiting each group to only five volunteers, plenty of students stepped forward to vote ____12____ the proposal without hesitation. The organizers came up with the rule ____13____ (strengthen) safety control and prevent overcrowding on the narrow beach path. However, most participants argued that more hands were needed to clear plastic rubbish, fishing nets and abandoned bottles scattered along the long shoreline. 【答案】11. was planned 12. for 13. to strengthen 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了学生会为保护当地海洋生态系统策划的上周末海岸清理活动，以及针对每组志愿者人数限制规则产生的不同看法。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：为保护当地海洋生态系统，上周末的海岸清理活动是由学生会在一个月前策划的。根据时间状语one month ago可知，句子描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时；主语campaign和动词plan之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为单数名词，be动词用was。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：当学生会提出一项规定，将每组志愿者人数限制为五人时，许多学生毫不犹豫地投票支持这项提议。vote for是固定短语，意为“投票支持”。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：组织者制定这项规定是为了加强安全管控，防止狭窄的海滩通道出现人员拥挤。句中已有谓语came up with，空处需用非谓语动词；此处用不定式作目的状语，表示制定规则的目的。 B 语法填空。 The annual campus creativity exhibition ____14____ (attract) learners from dozens of nearby high schools over the past five years. Widely ____15____ (regard) as the most influential youth creative event in our district, it serves as a warm and open platform ____16____ students can showcase handmade artworks, small tech inventions and original literary works. Teachers and event staff keep ____17____ (push) teenagers to think outside the box with bold creative attempts, and communicate their unique ideas with peers and professional judges visiting the exhibition hall every year. 【答案】14. has attracted 15. regarded 16. where 17. pushing 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍一年一度的校园创意展，讲述它的影响力、功能以及对青少年创新思维的促进作用。 【14题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：在过去五年间，一年一度的校园创意展吸引了周边几十所中学的学生。根据时间状语over the past five years可知，应用现在完成时，主语exhibition为单数名词，助动词用has。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：被广泛视作本区最有影响力的青少年创意活动，它充当一个温暖开放的平台，学生们可以在此展示手工艺术品、小型科技发明以及原创文学作品。句中已有谓语动词serves，空处应填非谓语形式；regard与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，应用过去分词regarded作状语。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：被广泛视作本区最有影响力的青少年创意活动，它充当一个温暖开放的平台，学生们可以在此展示手工艺术品、小型科技发明以及原创文学作品。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是platform，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：教师和活动工作人员不断鼓励青少年打破常规，大胆进行创造性尝试，并且与每年来到展厅的同龄人和专业评委交流他们独特的想法。keep doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“持续做某事，一直做某事”，此处为动名词作宾语。 C 语法填空 All public service departments should set up complete measuring standards to fairly evaluate ____18____ they perform in resource saving and environmental protection. City infrastructure, transport systems and community facilities all need systematic transformation to build a ____19____ (sustainable) urban living environment that rises above the existing standard. Local authorities also bear the vital responsibility of keeping users ____20____ (inform) about low-carbon living methods, waste classification rules and green activity plans, which effectively encourage every citizen to join environmental protection initiatives in daily life. 【答案】18. how 19. more sustainable 20. informed 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了公共服务部门应当建立完善评估标准，推进城市低碳改造，引导民众参与环保行动。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：所有公共服务部门都应当建立完善的衡量标准，以此公平评估它们在节约资源和保护环境方面表现如何。此处为连接词引导宾语从句作evaluate的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处表达“如何、怎么样”，所以用连接副词how。 【19题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：城市基础设施、交通系统以及社区设施都需要系统性改造，来打造一个超越现有标准的更加可持续的城市居住环境。修饰名词urban living environment需要用形容词，根据后文“that rises above the existing standard”可知，此处存在对比含义，需要使用形容词比较级，sustainable的比较级为more sustainable。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府也承担着重要责任，要让用户了解低碳生活方式、垃圾分类规则以及绿色活动方案，这能有效鼓励每一位市民在日常生活中参与环保行动。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，inform与宾语users之间为被动关系，表示“使人们被告知、使人们了解”，所以使用过去分词informed。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下面文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A Pre-sessional Course in Academic English The University of Oxford Language Centre is pleased to offer an Online Pre-sessional English course. This six-week intensive programme provides international students admitted to Oxford with the necessary academic writing and speaking skills to prepare them for studying in English at Oxford. International academics, and students preparing to study at universities other than Oxford, are also welcome to apply. Application deadline: Monday 29 June 2026 Course dates: Monday 6 July — Friday 14 August 2026 Admission requirements Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course. Please see the University’s English language requirements for undergraduate study and postgraduate study. Test Minimum score for courses requiring standard level Minimum score for courses requiring higher level IELTS Academic 6.5 overall 7.0 overall TOEFL iBT 92 overall 100 overall C1 Advanced Test 176 185 C2 Level Test 176 185 Oxford Test of English Advanced 145 155 What you will study The course will be delivered through real-time classes, small workshops, online lectures recorded by our Academic English team, and one-to-one and group live tutorials (辅导) with English tutors. Specifically, this English Course will help students to:  Write academic English for different audiences and purposes.  Understand grammatical aspects of language that pose difficulty for non-native writers.  Read more effectively, with increased efficiency and speed.  Improve their pronunciation and learn to speak confidently in lectures and workshops.  Develop academic study skills such as searching for information and referencing sources. Benefits of our online course  You can follow the course from the convenience of your home without needing to travel to Oxford.  Using cutting-edge technology and software, the specifically designed online course offers the same quality of experience as our in-person offering.  You will receive regular personalised tutorials and feedback from our language tutors.  You will have the opportunity to meet and socialise with students from around the world in a virtual classroom environment. More details will be available from the student handbook which will be sent to all students two weeks prior to the course start date. 21. An applicant for the Pre-sessional Course is required to ________. A. be an Oxford student or academic B. provide proof of English competence C. submit the application by 6 July 2026 D. take an English test organized by Oxford 22. Which student is qualified for a higher-level course? A. One with 189 in C2 Level Test. B. One with 6.5 overall in IELTS. C. One with 93 overall in TOEFL iBT. D. One with 178 in C1 Advanced Test. 23. What can a learner do in the pre-sessional course? A. Receive in-person tutorials with English tutors. B. Socialise with international students at Oxford. C. Master the use of cutting-edge teaching software. D. Enhance comprehensive English language abilities. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍牛津大学语言中心开设的线上学前学术英语课程，包含申请时间、录取标准、授课内容与课程优势相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Admission requirements中的“Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course.(申请者在获准进入学前课程之前需要提供英语考试成绩证明)”可知，申请者需要提交英语能力相关证明。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中higher level对应分数：C2 Level Test 需185分及以上可知，A选项“One with 189 in C2 Level Test.(C2 等级考试取得189分)”高于 185，符合高标准要求。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据What you will study 板块罗列内容“Write academic English...Understand grammatical aspects...Read more effectively...Improve their pronunciation...Develop academic study skills (撰写学术英语、攻克语法难点、高效阅读、改善发音、培养学术技能)”可知，参加前学术英语课程能够提升综合英语能力。 B As a first-generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self-sufficient. But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first-year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else. My advisor had supported me from the very beginning, but I hesitated to share my struggles, fearing he’d see me as a failure. After 8 months of quietly carrying that weight, I finally spoke up. I sat in my advisor’s office, red-faced and anxious, words pouring out faster than I could control. For half an hour, I opened up about months of stress, doubt, and the sense that I didn’t belong. I expected judgment or disappointment. Instead, my advisor listened patiently, and then calmly offered a line I’ll never forget: “You are here to learn to ride a bicycle, not to invent a bicycle.” That one sentence landed softly, but it broke something open. His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided. The real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step. Two years later, I completed my Ph.D. with hard-earned experience, supportive peers, and a personal profile I was proud of. I went on to do further research where I mastered “riding skills” while gathering tools to “invent my own bicycle”, focusing on core skills like funding proposal writing and leadership. Now, as I prepare to establish my own research group, I’ll remind my trainees: their first job is to learn how to ride. 24. The author presented herself as a successful researcher due to ________. A. the need to lead her research group B. the fear of disappointing her advisor C. the pressure from family expectations D. the desire to fit in with other graduates 25. How did the author feel after starting her Ph.D. program? A. Resentful and hesitant. B. Overwhelmed and disheartened. C. Secure and accomplished. D. Curious and satisfied. 26. What did the author do after the conversation with the advisor? A. She chased productivity and breakthroughs. B. She decided to switch to a postdoc program. C. She focused more on learning core research skills. D. She attempted to conduct research more independently. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了大学毕业的作者在攻读博士初期迫于压力伪装成成熟优秀的研究者，遭遇重重困境后向导师倾诉，导师的话语点醒了她，她转变心态专注学习科研本领，最终完成博士学业并以此告诫自己未来学员的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“As a first‑generation university graduate, I had always felt the pressure to lead the way, to live up to expectations no one else in my family had ever faced. To get into graduate school, I focused on presenting myself not as a trainee ready to learn, but as an already successful, accomplished researcher, fully formed and self‑sufficient.(作为第一代大学毕业生，我一直承受着要带头前行、不辜负家人从未面对过的种种期待的压力。为了进入研究生院，我着力把自己塑造成一名已然成功、颇有建树的研究者，能力完备且自给自足，而不是一名做好学习准备的受训者。)”可知，作者把自己表现成一名成功的研究者是源于家庭期望带来的压力。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第二段“But after starting my Ph.D., I was hit by wave after wave of academic challenges — not to mention the culture shock and financial stress of being an international student. I barely passed my first‑year classes, had a string of scholarship applications rejected, and my research was stuck while peers steadily published papers. I felt I was running an endless race with a late start, falling far behind everyone else.(但在开始攻读博士学位之后，我遭遇了一波又一波的学术挑战，更不用说作为一名国际学生所要面对的文化冲击与经济压力。我第一年的课程勉强及格，一连串奖学金申请遭到拒绝，我的研究陷入停滞，而同龄人却在不断发表论文。我感觉自己在参加一场起步已晚的无尽赛跑，远远落后于其他人。)”可知，博士入学之后作者倍感压力巨大、灰心沮丧。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第四段“His words redefined graduate school for me. I realized chasing productivity and groundbreaking projects was misguided. The real goal was to learn how to do research and grow. I began counting on my advisor and peers, seeking early feedback. Every project, success or failure, became a meaningful step.(他的话重新定义了我对研究生阶段的理解。我意识到一味追求产出和开创性项目是错误的，真正的目标是学习如何做研究并获得成长。我开始依靠导师和同辈，尽早寻求反馈。每一个项目，无论成败，都成为有意义的一步。)”可知，和导师交谈过后，作者更加专注学习核心科研技能。 C Ghosting is a term that refers to the practice of one person ending all forms of communication with another, without any warning or reason. Messages are left on “read”, calls are ignored, and social media ties may be severed. Before the internet, many relationships were formed within inter-connected circles, typically through friends or at work. It would have been much harder to completely sever contact with someone without the awkwardness of bumping into them or facing negative social implications within the community. Now with so many relationships initiated online with fewer connections in common, there are fewer consequences to deal with if we decide to disconnect from someone in a less-than-ethical way. Ghosting can be seen as an effortless solution for avoiding the emotional messiness of having to explain to somebody why you no longer want to continue engaging with them. Deliberately avoiding conflicts can be a form of self-protection to safeguard the ghoster from anxiety or stress, especially if they have had negative experiences dealing with conflict in the past. Ghosting culture can also be interpreted as resulting from the unlimited choices that we now have at our fingertips when it comes to finding a new partner, job or social circle to join. With the huge array of possibilities out there for us to pick from, it has become far too easy to view others as commodities, ready to trade in at the click of a button for something bigger and better. Decision fatigue (疲惫) plays a factor too, especially when we are trying to balance numerous options all in one go. Ghosting provides a practical strategy for weeding out less desirable candidates and saving our energy and time from having to explain why they didn’t make the cut. Ghosting might be becoming increasingly frequent these days, but that doesn’t mean it has become any easier to deal with. The ghostee might then endlessly re-examine every last interaction to pinpoint a cause for the termination of the relationship. This usually leads to negative conclusions and self-blame. However, it’s not only the recipient who suffers from the consequences of ghosting. If ghosting and avoidance become a common occurrence in the ghoster’s social interactions with others, they risk missing out on healthy long-term relationships that require effective communication skills, problem-solving and trust in order to thrive. Disconnection is an unavoidable aspect of life but how we choose to end relationships is fully within our control. It may seem cliché but adopting old-fashioned principles, such as treating others the way we would like to be treated, will prevent us from becoming a society haunted by undesirable behaviour. 27. What does the underlined word “severed” in Para. 1 mean? A. Built up. B. Cut off. C. Given away. D. Relied on. 28. Which of the following situations is an example of ghosting? A. A guide cancels the travel plan at the last minute. B. A child hangs out with friends without telling parents. C. A friend stops having any forms of interactions with you. D. A student refuses to hand in homework without explanation. 29. How might ghosting affect the ghostee? A. Self-defense in the face of criticism. B. Effective management of relationship. C. Self-doubt due to unexpected breakups. D. Long-term relief from intense conflicts. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards ghosting? A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Uncertain. D. Objective. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“幽灵”行为，以及这种行为对人们的影响。 【27题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Ghosting is a term that refers to the practice of one person ending all forms of communication with another, without any warning or reason. Messages are left on “read”, calls are ignored, and social media ties may be…(“幽灵”是一个术语，指的是一个人在没有任何警告或理由的情况下结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。信息处于“已读”状态，电话被忽略，社交媒体联系可能被……)”可知，“幽灵”指的是一个人毫无预兆或理由地结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流，信息被“已读不回”，电话被忽略，那么社交媒体联系也应该是被“切断”。B选项Cut off“切断”符合该语境。故选B项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Ghosting is a term that refers to the practice of one person ending all forms of communication with another, without any warning or reason.( “幽灵”是一个术语，指的是一个人在没有任何警告或理由的情况下结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。)”可推知，“幽灵”是指一个人毫无预兆或理由地结束与另一个人的所有形式的交流。A选项 “A guide cancels the travel plan at the last minute.”(一个导游在最后一刻取消了旅行计划)，这不是人与人之间结束所有交流，A 错误；B 选项“A child hangs out with friends without telling parents.”(一个孩子没告诉父母就和朋友出去玩了)，不是结束与他人的交流，B错误；C选项“A friend stops having any forms of interactions with you.”(一个朋友停止了与你进行任何形式的互动)，符合“幽灵”的定义，C正确；D选项“A student refuses to hand in homework without explanation.”(一个学生没有解释就拒绝交作业)，这不是人与人之间结束交流的行为，D错误。故选C项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The ghostee might then endlessly re-examine every last interaction to pinpoint a cause for the termination of the relationship. This usually leads to negative conclusions and self-blame.( 然后，幽灵可能会无休止地重新审视每一次互动，以找出关系终止的原因。这通常会导致消极的结论和自责。)” 可知，被“幽灵”的人可能会无休止地重新审视每一次互动，试图找出关系终止的原因，这通常会导致负面的结论和自责，也就是会因为意外的关系破裂而产生自我怀疑。故选C项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Disconnection is an unavoidable aspect of life but how we choose to end relationships is fully within our control. It may seem cliché but adopting old-fashioned principles, such as treating others the way we would like to be treated, will prevent us from becoming a society haunted by undesirable behaviour.( 断绝关系是生活中不可避免的一个方面，但我们如何选择结束关系完全在我们的控制之中。这似乎是陈词滥调，但采用一些过时的原则，比如我们希望别人怎样对待我们，我们就怎样对待别人，将防止我们成为一个被不良行为困扰的社会。)”可知，作者认为虽然断联是生活中不可避免的一部分，但我们选择结束关系的方式是可以控制的，并且应该采用像“己所不欲，勿施于人”这样的传统原则，以防止我们的社会被不良行为所困扰，说明作者不赞成“幽灵”这种行为。故选B项。 D Scientists often complain that people are not rational (理性的) in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coalfired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy (无知) may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill (原油泄漏) in 2010 showed that complacency—among executives, among engineers and among government officials-was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering (地球工程学) to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight (监管) than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. overconfidence B. prediction C. underestimation D. carelessness 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ________. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering is highly recognized by scientists C. the public are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is a great challenge 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. D. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Ignorance or Safety B. Who Is Rational About Risk C. Why Can’t People Trust Technology D. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk 【答案】31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是议论文。公众对一些科学技术，如核能和转基因(GM)作物持反对态度。文章说明了原因：对未知的东西感到担心。但是科学家们对熟知的事物往往又低估了风险，这也让公众担忧。公众关心的除了安全问题之外，还有监管问题。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后对该词解释“we tend not to fear the familiar”，人们不在意日常的风险，其原因是因为觉得对它们熟悉，从而过于自信，觉得可以应对它们。因此可以推测，complacency与overconfidence 同义。故选A项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Geoengineering (地球工程学) to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety.（利用地球工程来减少气候变化的影响是另一个例子。比起安全来说，不仅科学家，非专业人员也更关心监督。）”可以推断，文章举地球工程的例子，是论证安全并不是公众关注的全部。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。 文章首句提到“Scientists often complain that people are not rational (理性的) in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops.（科学家们经常抱怨人们不理性地反对一些科学技术，如核能和转基因作物）”；第二段提到人们反对的原因是“Scientific illiteracy (无知) may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand（一部分原因对科学的不了解，对未知的东西感到害怕）”；再根据第四段首句“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.（科学家们还犯了一个错误，他们认为公众关注的全部或者大部分都是安全问题。）”，第五段举地球工程的例子，是说明公众关心的更多的是监管问题。因此可以推断，文章提出，科学家错误地判断了为什么人们对有些科学技术持反对态度。故选C项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章提出科学家们认为公众不能理性地对待一些科学技术，如核能，转基因作物等。作者在第二、三段中说明公众担心的原因；在第四、五段中说明科学家们认为公众主要担心安全问题是不对的，监管问题是他们更担心的。文章主要是论述科学家们对公众能否理性地对待这些问题的一些不恰当的看法。因此文章的题目应该是“谁理性地对待风险？”，用问句引起读者的兴趣和思考。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据文章内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出填入文章空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 【35题详解】 根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 【36题详解】 空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful — and actionable — hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because…” Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling. Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.” As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 40. What did people have to do if they said “I can’t” in the author’s childhood gymnastics? _____________________________________________________ 41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when the author said that in the gym-class mile run? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. _____________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if the expression “I can’t” occurs to you? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】40. 50 push-ups. 41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” 42. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. According to the passage, letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. 43. I will stop using “I can’t” and figure out my real thought behind it. I may be afraid, confused or in need of help. Then I will speak out my true feelings instead of hiding behind the simple phrase. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要剖析“I can’t”背后隐藏的真实想法，结合作者亲身经历，指出该表达的危害并呼吁说出内心真实感受。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push‑ups before trying conversation again.(任何说这句话的人，即便是其他教练，都必须先做50个俯卧撑才能继续交谈。)”可知，在作者儿时的体操馆，说“I can’t”的人要做50个俯卧撑。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我而言，“我做不到”实际意思是“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘发作”以及“跑在同学后面好几圈太尴尬；我宁愿全程故意走路来保护自尊心，别来管我。”)”可知，作者说这句话的真实含义为：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘发作”，还有“跑在同龄人后面好几圈实在太丢人；我宁愿全程故意走路，以此保护自尊心不受打击，所以别来管我。” 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings.(放任自己习惯性用“I can’t”来搪塞，比仅仅隐藏内心的深层感受造成的伤害更大。)”可知，expressing our feelings不对。理由：动不动就说 “我做不到” 所造成的伤害，远远不只是掩盖我们内心更深层的感受。 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：如果你脑海中浮现出“我做不到”这个想法，你会怎么做？为什么？（大约40个词）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我不会再说“我做不到”，而是去弄清这句话背后自己真实的想法。我或许是心怀恐惧、感到困惑，或是正需要帮助。之后我会说出自己的真实感受，而非躲在这句简单的托词背后。 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上个月举办了基于高考各科目相关知识的主题活动，你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．介绍你参加的某一科目的活动内容； 2．分享你的收获。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m so glad to hear from you! Since you are curious about our school’s recent subject-based activities, I’d love to share my experience in the English event. The highlight was an English Drama Competition. My classmates and I adapted a classic novel into a short play. We spent weeks practicing our lines, perfecting our pronunciation, and learning how to express emotions through body language. The atmosphere on stage was exciting. I benefited a lot from this activity. It not only improved my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. Hope you can join us next time! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份回复英国朋友Jim的邮件，介绍自己参与的校园学科主题活动内容，并分享个人参与收获。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 表达：express → convey 令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling 提高：improve → enhance 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It not only improved my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. 拓展句：Not only did it improve my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Since you are curious about our school’s recent subject-based activities, I’d love to share my experience in the English event.（运用了Since引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型 2】We spent weeks practicing our lines, perfecting our pronunciation, and learning how to express emotions through body language.（运用了动名词作宾语、“疑问词+不定式”） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $