Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 同步练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section A　Reading and Thinking 课后巩固 【基础过关】 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. Though the country faced such a ______ (严重的) economic crisis, people still kept hope for the future. 答案：severe 2. People hold some surprisingly ______ (矛盾的) opinions about whether online study is helpful. 答案：contradictory 3. ______ (处理) small troubles in time, and you will stop them growing into big problems. 答案：Handle 4. The company consumes half of the ______ (原始的) resources, and the rest are stored for future production. 答案：raw 5. Most football games are held on grass fields, but a ______ (大量的) number are played on artificial turf. 答案：substantial 6. Researchers ______ (怀疑) climate change brought about the strange behaviour of wild birds. 答案：suspect(ed) 7. When pressure becomes unbearable, you may need to adjust plans and ______ (减少;降低) your expectations. 答案：decrease 8. ______ (统计数字) showed that more young people choose to take exercise regularly. 答案：Statistics Ⅱ.短语填空thanks to, attend to, die from, once and for all, give birth, as a result of, subscribe to, in general 1. The two sides decided to solve the disagreement ______. 答案：once and for all 2. I’ve never ______ the idea that money can bring lasting happiness. 答案：subscribed to 3. ______ his own hard work, he made great progress in English learning. 答案：Thanks to 4. The old tree ______ the damage caused by acid rain. 答案：died from 5. The ancient Yellow River ______ to the brilliant Chinese civilization. 答案：gave birth 6. I won’t join your outing this weekend because I have some urgent matters to ______. 答案：attend to 7. ______, teenagers prefer short videos, while elders like news programmes. 答案：In general 8. Many local residents had to move away ______ the heavy flood. 答案：as a result of Ⅲ.完成句子 1. 问题似乎是没人懂得如何使用这个新软件。 What seems to be the problem is that no one knows ______ the new software. 答案：how to operate 2. 似乎经理十分认可我为团队完成的工作。 ______ the manager appreciated what I had done for the team. 答案：It seemed that 3. 如果学生长期熬夜，他们很可能会遭受记忆力下降的困扰。 Students ______ from poor memory if they always stay up late. 答案：are likely to suffer 4. 铁路旁边的房子常常被疾驰而过的火车震得门窗晃动。 Houses near railways often ______ by the fast-moving trains passing by. 答案：have their windows broken 5. 事实是，很长一段时间里，我都以为她在报社工作。 ______ for a long time I thought she worked for a newspaper office. 答案：The truth was that 【能力提升】 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward. Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it. "This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 【答案】1—4 CBAD 1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? A. They fed them. B. They named them. C. They trained them. D. They measured them. 2. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment? A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen. C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks. 3. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words. C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long. 4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍和分析。 1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys…The researches then tested how…”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进行了培训。故C选项正确。 2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screen…If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops…; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with…”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。B选项正确。 3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”和第五段中的“When adding two numbers…”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C选项。 4.D 【解析】推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故D选项正确。 B The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】5—9C A D BD 5. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 6. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 7. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 8. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 9. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. a guidebook B.a travel journal C. official document D. research magazine. 【解析】 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候，人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突，而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。 5.C 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。 6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。 7.D 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。 8.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。 9.D. 本文主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。所以可以摘自科学杂志。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section A　Reading and Thinking 课后巩固 【基础过关】 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. Though the country faced such a ______ (严重的) economic crisis, people still kept hope for the future. 2. People hold some surprisingly ______ (矛盾的) opinions about whether online study is helpful. 3. ______ (处理) small troubles in time, and you will stop them growing into big problems. 4. The company consumes half of the ______ (原始的) resources, and the rest are stored for future production. 5. Most football games are held on grass fields, but a ______ (大量的) number are played on artificial turf. 6. Researchers ______ (怀疑) climate change brought about the strange behaviour of wild birds. 7. When pressure becomes unbearable, you may need to adjust plans and ______ (减少;降低) your expectations. 8. ______ (统计数字) showed that more young people choose to take exercise regularly. Ⅱ.短语填空thanks to, attend to, die from, once and for all, give birth, as a result of, subscribe to, in general 1. The two sides decided to solve the disagreement ____________. 2. I’ve never ____________ the idea that money can bring lasting happiness. 3. ____________ his own hard work, he made great progress in English learning. 4. The old tree ____________ the damage caused by acid rain. 5. The ancient Yellow River ____________ to the brilliant Chinese civilization. 6. I won’t join your outing this weekend because I have some urgent matters to ____________. 7. ____________, teenagers prefer short videos, while elders like news programmes. 8. Many local residents had to move away ____________ the heavy flood. Ⅲ.完成句子 1. 问题似乎是没人懂得如何使用这个新软件。 What seems to be the problem is that no one knows ____________ the new software. 2. 似乎经理十分认可我为团队完成的工作。 ____________ the manager appreciated what I had done for the team. 3. 如果学生长期熬夜，他们很可能会遭受记忆力下降的困扰。 Students ____________ from poor memory if they always stay up late. 4. 铁路旁边的房子常常被疾驰而过的火车震得门窗晃动。 Houses near railways often ____________ by the fast-moving trains passing by. 5. 事实是，很长一段时间里，我都以为她在报社工作。 ____________ for a long time I thought she worked for a newspaper office. 【能力提升】 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward. Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it. "This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? A. They fed them. B. They named them. C. They trained them. D. They measured them. 2. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment? A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen. C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks. 3. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words. C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long. 4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science. B The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 5. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 6. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 7. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 8. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 9. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. a guidebook B.a travel journal C. official document D. research magazine. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $