Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 本练习通过A级基础巩固与B级能力提升的分层设计，构建从词汇拼写、语法应用到语篇阅读与综合写作的递进式知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|词汇拼写、单句语法填空、基础句型写作|以单题训练为主，聚焦核心词汇（如statistics、suspect）和语法点（介词搭配、非谓语等），强化基础语言能力| |B级|多题材阅读理解（科学史、人物传记、科技议论）、微写作短文、知识积累|通过语篇分析（如科学家成就对比）和综合写作（句子重组短文），提升信息获取与逻辑表达能力，渗透文化意识与批判性思维|

Reading and Thinking A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.It is a pity that he lost all the 　　　　　　(统计数字) because of the sudden breakdown of his computer. 2.I have already 　　　　　　(怀疑) that they won’t agree to my initial plan. 3.Without substantial statistics,I had no idea how to 　　　　　　(处理) the difficult challenge. 4.The businessman s　　　　　　 much money to the university regularly where his son is studying. 5.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p　　　　　　 as they expect. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The driver was to blame 　　　　　　　　the car accident yesterday because she was texting while driving. 2.Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form 　　　　　　another. 3.Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce industrial gases 　　　　　　(link) to global warming. 4.The breakthrough discovery provided 　　　　　　(prove) of the scientist’s dedication to the pursuit of knowledge. 5.The boss suspected him 　　　　　　taking the computer away from the company. 6.As a matter of fact,air,water,clothing and insects are all means of 　　　　　　(infect). 7.After school,she has to attend 　　　　　　her little sister while her parents are at work,helping with homework and preparing simple meals. 8.The teacher’s timely 　　　　　　(intervene) helped resolve the misunderstanding between the two classmates. 9.Thanks 　　　　　　the teacher’s help,I have made great progress in English. 10.Population growth is decreasing 　　　　　　1.4% each year,so the country is strongly advocating a third-child policy. Ⅲ.单句写作 1.这个小组项目如此有挑战性,我们不得不日夜合作才能完成。(so...that...) The group project was 　　　　　　　　　　　　we had to work together day and night to finish it. 2.我们在课堂上认真记笔记,以便我们在放学后能复习重点。(so that) We take notes carefully in class 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the key points after school. 3.戴夫交作业前先找人检查了一遍。(have sth done) Dave 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　before handing it in. 4.看起来他是一个天才的科学家,因为他在年轻时就做出了重大发现。(It seemed that...) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,as he made significant discoveries at a young age. 5.那些对科学感兴趣的人更有可能从事创新的科学技术工作。(be likely to do) Those interested in science 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　innovative scientific and technological work. Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“JOHN SNOW DEFEATS ‘KING CHOLERA’”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.或许大部分人都同意这一观点:有些癌症是无法被治愈的,这确实令人很沮丧(subscribe to,frustrating) Perhaps most people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that some cancers are incurable,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.很多科学家致力于寻找方法一劳永逸地解决这种疾病。(once and for all) Many scientists have been devoted to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.人们认为,我们的生活方式应对这种严重的疾病负责。(severe,blame) It is thought that our lifestyle may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.研究人员已经找到证据表明某些生活方式与癌症之间的联系。(proof,link) Researchers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that there is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.多亏医学研究的发展,死亡率已经大幅下降。(thanks to,decrease) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the death rate 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist,often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols,which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table.Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model,which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学).Together with his father William Henry Bragg,he developed the famous Bragg’s law.This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances,including DNA and proteins. 1.What do we know about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A.He invented a new chemical substance. B.He established the modern periodic table. C.He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D.He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2.Who was born in Ireland? A.Jöns Jacob Berzelius. B.Niels Henrik David Bohr. C.Robert Boyle. D.William Lawrence Bragg. 3.What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A.They were born in Denmark. B.They made a contribution to physics. C.They discovered new models for chemistry. D.They did research together with their family. B (2026山东济南长清区高二上期中) Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Yang Chen-Ning,one of the most influential scientists in modern physics,passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103. Born in 1922,Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus,where his father was a math professor.After finishing his undergraduate degree,he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi,who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938,and conducted in-depth research on particle physics.He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles”,according to the Nobel Prize website.They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics. Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland,making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments.His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars,earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States.He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership.He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”,which has continuously sponsored nearly 100 Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States.These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development.He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress,offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation of science and education policies. After returning to Tsinghua University in 1999,he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission.He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics and cultivating talents at Tsinghua,making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education. Professor Yang’s life stands as a timeless chapter in human history—one that shines not only for China but for the global community of thinkers and innovators. 4.Who played an important role in Yang Chen-Ning’s winning the Nobel Prize in 1957? A.His father who was a math professor. B.Enrico Fermi who had won the same Nobel Prize. C.A professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. D.Tsung-Dao Lee who was the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winner in physics. 5.Why was Yang’s 1971 visit significant? A.It initiated academic exchanges with the US. B.It marked his final return to teach at Tsinghua. C.It focused on political dialogue. D.It promoted cultural activities in China. 6.What does the underlined word “cultivating” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Praising. B.Nurturing. C.Discovering. D.Inviting. 7.What can the text be classified as? A.Journey insights. B.Book commentary. C.A news report. D.A research paper. C (2026湖北黄冈高二上期中) A joint study by Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University warns that over-reliance on AI tools may weaken human thinking abilities.The research surveyed 319 professionals across various fields,revealing troubling patterns in how technology reshapes mental processes. Participants who blindly trusted AI outputs showed 40% less critical thinking in routine tasks.“AI handles predictable work while humans manage exceptions,” explained lead researcher Dr.Elena Torres.“But this rids people of daily mental exercise,like muscles weakening without use.” The findings will be presented at a major tech conference this month. The study methodology involved detailed interviews with knowledge workers—from programmers to social workers.When asked about ChatGPT usage,many admitted skipping fact-checking for speed.One marketing specialist recalled,“I once sent an AI-written report containing false data because it looked convincing.” This “automation complacency”(自满) mirrors earlier digital phenomena.The “Google Effect” where individuals perform poorly because others have low expectations of them,leading to reduced self-confidence and lower performance,was first noted in 2011.Now,TikTok’s short videos are proven to shorten attention length,while heavy ChatGPT users report anxiety when disconnected from the tool. Younger generations appear most affected.A high school teacher shared:“Students submit AI-written essays structured without any mistakes but lacking original thought.” Data shows 68% of college applicants use AI for personal statements,often by passing self-reflection processes crucial for critical thinking development. However,the research clarifies AI isn’t inherently harmful.Engineers using AI for code debugging(代码调试) demonstrated 30% better problem-solving skills than those writing manually.“The difference lies in how we use it,” stressed Dr.Torres.“AI should assist thinking,not replace it.” The paper proposes a “balanced use” framework: ·Use AI only for information gathering,not decision-making. ·Always confirm outputs against reliable sources. ·Reserve judgment-heavy tasks for human processing. As AI becomes classroom commonplace,educators face new challenges.“We’re redesigning exams to assess thought processes instead of final answers,” said a Boston university professor.“Students must explain why they agree or disagree with AI suggestions.” 8.What is the primary concern raised by the joint study? A.AI tools frequently provide false information. B.Overusing AI may reduce human critical thinking. C.Companies lack training programs for AI adoption. D.Younger generations don’t attach importance to muscle building. 9.What example illustrates “automation complacency” in the workplace? A.A programmer debugged code 30% faster with AI. B.A teacher required handwritten outlines for homework. C.An expert gave an AI report without checking false data. D.An applicant used AI to structure his application more perfectly. 10.According to the paper,how can we balance using AI in education? A.AI gathers data;humans judge them. B.Humans process data;AI makes decisions. C.Copy AI answers straight into homework. D.Never question any AI-generated output. 11.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.ChatGPT Essays:Shortcuts or Traps B.AI Tools:Time-Savers or Brain-Weakeners C.Automation Complacency:Past and Present D.Short Videos:Teenage Favorite Relaxation 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.influential adj.__________________________ 2.pursue vt.__________________________ 3.backbone n.__________________________ 4.over-reliance n.__________________________ 5.reshape vt.__________________________ 二、熟词生义 mirror　本文义:vt.__________________________ 常见义:n.__________________________ 三、词块速记 1.refer to...as __________________________ 2.lay the foundation for 　__________________________ 3.pave the way for __________________________ 4.pass away __________________________ 5.enroll in 　　__________________________ 6.pour enormous effort into __________________________ 四、长难句分析 The “Google Effect” where individuals perform poorly because others have low expectations of them,leading to reduced self-confidence and lower performance,was first noted in 2011. 此句的主干是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,where individuals perform...是　　　　　　从句;其中又包含着一个　　　　　　　从句;leading to reduced self-confidence and lower performance作　　　　　　状语。 句意:__________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.statistics　2.suspected　3.handle　4.subscribes　5.pure Ⅱ.1.for　2.into　3.linked　4.proof　5.of　6.infection　7.to 8.intervention　9.to　10.by Ⅲ.1.so challenging that　2.so that we can review　3.had his homework checked 4.It seemed that he was a scientist of genius　5.are more likely to engage in Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.subscribe to the idea;which is rather frustrating 2.finding ways to deal with cancers once and for all　3.be to blame for this kind of severe disease　4.have found the proof;a link between certain kinds of lifestyle and cancer　5.Thanks to the development of medical research;has decreased greatly Activity 2 Perhaps most people subscribe to the idea that some cancers are incurable,which is rather frustrating.However,many scientists have been devoted to finding ways to deal with cancers once and for all.It is thought that our lifestyle may be to blame for this kind of severe disease,because researchers have found the proof that there is a link between certain kinds of lifestyle and cancer.Thanks to the development of medical research,the death rate has decreased greatly. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。 1.D　细节理解题。根据Jöns Jacob Berzelius标题下的“Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.”可知,他在电化学方面做出了重要贡献。 2.C　细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.”可知,罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。 3.B　细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的“His model helped explain...developments in atomic physics.”和William Lawrence Bragg标题下的“This discovery revolutionized...various substances,including DNA and proteins.”可知,他们都对物理做出了贡献。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了诺贝尔奖得主物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹及其对中外科学界与教育事业作出的卓越贡献。 4.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi,who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938,and conducted in-depth research on particle physics.”可知,杨振宁受恩里科·费米的影响对粒子物理进行了深入的研究,这促成了他和李政道提出的宇称定律并最终获得诺贝尔奖。故选B项。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars,earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States.”可知,此次访问开创了中美学术交流。故选A项。 6.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“He poured enormous effort into advancing fundamental disciplines like physics”以及后文“talents at Tsinghua,making remarkable contributions that greatly impacted the reform and development of Chinese higher education.”可知,杨振宁对中国高等教育的改革与发展产生了重大影响,说明不仅推动基础学科的发展,还培养教育人才。故画线词意思是“培养、培育”,与“Nurturing”同义。故选B项。 7.C　推理判断题。文章开篇点明杨振宁逝世,随后按时间顺序介绍其生平、成就、贡献,包含具体时间、事件、影响等客观信息,符合新闻报道的体裁特征。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,过度依赖人工智能工具会削弱人类的思维能力,强调要正确使用人工智能。 8.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A joint study by Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University warns that over-reliance on AI tools may weaken human thinking abilities.”可知,这项联合研究警告说,过度依赖人工智能工具可能会削弱人类的思维能力。结合第二段中的“Participants who blindly trusted AI outputs showed 40% less critical thinking in routine tasks.”可知,削弱的是批判性思维能力。故选B项。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One marketing specialist recalled,‘I once sent an AI-written report containing false data because it looked convincing.’This ‘automation complacency’ mirrors earlier digital phenomena.”可知,“专家未核对数据就提交人工智能报告”是“自动化自满”的典型职场例子。故选C项。 10.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段可知,在教育中使用人工智能时,人工智能仅用于信息收集,人类必须保留判断任务。故选A项。 11.B　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的“A joint study by Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University warns that over-reliance on AI tools may weaken human thinking abilities”和第五段中的“However,the research clarifies AI isn’t inherently harmful.”“AI should assist thinking,not replace it.”可知,本文围绕人工智能工具展开,指出过度依赖人工智能会削弱思维能力,并指出人工智能本身没有害处,应当发挥人工智能的辅助作用,B项“人工智能工具:节省时间还是削弱大脑”最适合作本文标题。故选B项。 知识积累卡 一、1.有影响力的　2.追求;攻读　3.骨干;支柱　4.过度依赖　5.重塑 二、反映　镜子 三、1.把……称为……　2.为……打下基础　3.为……铺平道路　4.逝世　5.注册入学　6.倾注巨大努力于 四、The “Google Effect” was first noted in 2011　定语　原因状语　结果 “谷歌效应”——即个体因他人对其期望值较低而表现不佳,从而导致自信心下降与表现进一步下滑的现象——最早于2011年被提出。 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $