考前押题04 完形填空（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期外研版

考前押题 04 完形填空 话题1 幽默的力量 话题2 逆境中的坚持与成长（常考点） 话题3 体育拼搏精神（常考点） 话题4 艺术灵感与创新 话题5 生物奥秘的探索与发现（难点） 话题6 生态保护与可持续发展（难点） ① 先通读全文，抓主线和语境；再结合上下文、逻辑关系、固定搭配和词义辨析逐空判断，最后通读检查，确保前后连贯。 ② 核心：先通读 → 找线索 → 语境选词 → 复读验证。 话题1幽默的力量（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·甘肃兰州·期末）That morning was my science presentation. I had spent all night practicing it. But I felt so nervous that I 1 a cartoon video by mistake — a(n) 2 cat was dancing on the screen. The whole class went silent first. Then, someone 3 . I felt my ears burn; I was so 4 that I wanted to hide under my desk. I could hear classmates 5 to each other: “Is that her presentation?” “She must have messed up.” My mind went blank. I stared at the screen, 6 confused about what to do next. Just then, my teacher, Ms Lee, walked over. I thought she’d be 7 , but she smiled at the class. “Wow, I didn’t know we’d get a special 8 before the science talk,” she said. “Did you plan this to 9 us, Mia?” Her joke made the class laugh, and the 10 in the room disappeared. I was astonished — I had never thought humor could 11 such an awkward moment. With a deep breath, I decided to go along. “Um, yes! I wanted everyone to feel calm first,” I 12 , “Now let’s come to the real presentation.” The class cheered, and I quickly 13 the document for my presentation. After class, several classmates came over to say my talk was great. That day, I 14 humor isn’t just about jokes — it helps you gain confidence when things 15 wrong, and it can even promote kindness between people. 1．A．watched B．changed C．played D．made 2．A．amusing B．respected C．precious D．tiring 3．A．sighed B．cried C．shouted D．laughed 4．A．embarrassed B．excited C．disappointed D．upset 5．A．explaining B．whispering C．complaining D．reporting 6．A．loosely B．rarely C．completely D．mostly 7．A．angry B．happy C．proud D．patient 8．A．movie night B．story hour C．game time D．cartoon show 9．A．worry B．relax C．surprise D．challenge 10．A．danger B．joy C．tension D．noise 11．A．get through B．look into C．take over D．put off 12．A．apologized B．announced C．screamed D．reminded 13．A．saved B．examined C．copied D．opened 14．A．ignored B．forgot C．realized D．doubted 15．A．keep B．turn C．get D．go Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宁夏银川·期中）For years, Vince Rozmiarek has been the man behind the message board at Indian Hills Community Center. The father took up the job in 2013 after all his children had 1 the nest. He found himself with a lot of 2 time and had no idea how to use it, so he figured this little side job would keep him 3 . At first, he took things 4 , but when April Fool’s Day came around, he found the perfect 5 to have some fun. He used the message board to make a joke about the neighboring town, and it received a great 6 from the locals. Realizing that his humor was 7 , Vince decided to make his jokes more of a 8 thing. He looked through books to find great things to write, and each one built up his 9 in the area. Soon enough, everyone in town knew him for his jokes, and they decided to 10 his humor with the world. It was in 2015 that a resident decided to bring his jokes and puns to social media. She created a(n) 11 for the message board on Facebook, and she regularly 12 it with photos whenever Rozmiarek presented new jokes and puns. Soon enough, people from all around the world were laughing at his jokes, just like the residents of Indian Hills. He now has over 84,000 13 on social media, many of whom 14 await every new picture that gets posted. Although Vince never did any of this for 15 , he’s glad he’s able to make so many people smile with his message board posts. 1．A．built B．flown C．feathered D．provided 2．A．free B．precious C．necessary D．interesting 3．A．occupied B．satisfied C．wise D．admired 4．A．responsibly B．slowly C．personally D．seriously 5．A．right B．mission C．opportunity D．resource 6．A．donation B．response C．concept D．recommendation 7．A．lost B．returned C．appreciated D．improved 8．A．noble B．creative C．spiritual D．regular 9．A．reputation B．business C．fortune D．confidence 10．A．exchange B．share C．take D．study 11．A．email B．address C．page D．group 12．A．decorated B．surfed C．posted D．updated 13．A．customers B．followers C．volunteers D．contributors 14．A．worriedly B．curiously C．eagerly D．impatiently 15．A．popularity B．fun C．recognition D．memory Passage 3 （23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）I woke up in a good mood but there was only one thing on my mind: what to wear. A billion thoughts 1 through my brain. It was my first day of high school in a new state; first 2 are everything, and it was necessary to impress the people who I’d spend the next four years with. It was the fact that this was my third time being the new kid that 3 me to madness. 4 moving does something to a child’s development. I 5 to find reliable friends. But this time Dad’s company 6 my starting and finishing high school in the same place. This time mattered, which made me nervous. I appeared proudly in a patterned dress after searching my closet. I felt just as 7 as I stepped off the bus. But my jaw dropped when I found Mrs Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same 8 as I did. I kept my head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first day meant 9 in front of the class, and 10 it was my turn. I made it through my one-minute introduction speech, until Hutfilz stood up, 11 adding that she liked my style. All the 12 in the morning surprisingly 13 . I cracked a smile. My smile 14 as I giggled with my peers. After class, I stayed behind, sharing with Mrs Hutfilz my previous understanding about coming into a new school and state. I was relieved to make a humorous and genuine 15 with my first teacher in the coming days. 1．A．raced B．broke C．forced D．crashed 2．A．experiences B．impressions C．comments D．expectations 3．A．related B．attracted C．drove D．switched 4．A．Random B．Permanent C．Regular D．Frequent 5．A．rejected B．struggled C．challenged D．appreciated 6．A．ensured B．admitted C．reflected D．deserved 7．A．nervous B．doubtful C．emotive D．confident 8．A．fashion B．design C．dress D．uniform 9．A．introductions B．performances C．lectures D．debates 10．A．on occasion B．soon enough C．no wonder D．in fact 11．A．casually B．seriously C．honestly D．jokingly 12．A．sympathy B．thrill C．anxiety D．guilt 13．A．held up B．melted away C．passed down D．carried on 14．A．froze B．faded C．grew D．formed 15．A．connection B．adjustment C．commitment D．negotiation 话题2逆境中的坚持与成长（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·期中）Three years ago, I participated in Model United Nations (MUN) held by the Education Department, which was a mock (模拟的) UN activity. During the two days, students were separated in different groups which 1 different countries to debate and try to solve problems. MUN has 2 awards: best delegates (代表), honorable mentions, and verbal commendations. Each time I participated in MUN, I made good 3 and undoubtedly got a few awards. But I often felt as if I’d 4 because I had never won the best delegate award. I 5 those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times, and I was just filled with 6 at their success. But later I realized that it was also 7 not to get the award because I could actually 8 something, and that I shouldn’t 9 the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be. Failures are completely subjective — we can look at a result as a failure or a 10 . Any failure can be regarded as a(n) 11 because you can always learn something from it and do 12 next time. This is supported by John Locke’s theory that we are born with a blank slate: knowledge and ability are learned from our 13 . That’s true. If I make a mistake in the life practice, then I probably won’t 14 that next time. I believe this is 15 the best way to become better. 1．A．inspire B．condemn C．represent D．strengthen 2．A．various B．temporary C．identical D．false 3．A．predictions B．preparations C．appointments D．explanations 4．A．accelerated B．exited C．failed D．succeeded 5．A．witnessed B．trained C．expected D．approached 6．A．envy B．relief C．satisfaction D．delight 7．A．annoyed B．ashamed C．terrible D．good 8．A．display B．desert C．delete D．learn 9．A．miss B．win C．deliver D．value 10．A．victory B．bet C．bond D．loss 11．A．aim B．burden C．benefit D．limit 12．A．funnier B．better C．worse D．slower 13．A．experiences B．attitudes C．positions D．decisions 14．A．accept B．admit C．repeat D．notice 15．A．wrongly B．scarcely C．narrowly D．truly Passage 2 （24-25高二下·河南·阶段检测）We celebrate successful people around us, but what characteristics make successful people 1 ? While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 2 . And many examples prove that this is 3 for you to achieve your goals. Consider this: if a high school senior passes a kindergarten math exam, it’s not seen as an 4 because the challenge is too easy. However, if the same student passes a college-level exam, that’s a true success. 5 , every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities. Many people 6 starting because they fear failure and focus only on what could go 7 . They forget to consider the positive aspect. The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn’t 8 . It’ s about following your instincts (直觉), 9 the fear of failure. Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 10 anyway. Without this courage, you will never know if you have the 11 to succeed. Think about the goals you haven’t 12 yet — starting a business, applying for a job, or writing a book. Often, the fear of failure holds us back. 13 asking, “What if I fail? ”, ask “How can I succeed?” By 14 your mindset (思维模式), you enable yourself to take action and move closer to your goals. The next time 15 arises, remember: What if you try and succeed? 1．A．step aside B．stand out C．cheer up D．calm down 2．A．fail B．stop C．change D．dream 3．A．legal B．optional C．necessary D．acceptable 4．A．achievement B．assessment C．exploration D．adjustment 5．A．Gradually B．Luckily C．Finally D．Similarly 6．A．consider B．avoid C．regret D．risk 7．A．fast B．normally C．smoothly D．wrong 8．A．expected B．guaranteed C．evaluated D．recognized 9．A．overcoming B．hiding C．understanding D．checking 10．A．refuse B．wonder C．wait D．try 11．A．reason B．experience C．probability D．right 12．A．pursued B．shared C．appreciated D．judged 13．A．As for B．Instead of C．In addition to D．By comparison with 14．A．examining B．treasuring C．shifting D．preserving 15．A．danger B．accident C．inspiration D．doubt Passage 3 （25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）It’s 27 years since my last conversation with Mother, who didn’t finish school like many of her contemporary (同时代的) girls. She often told me, “I never got my 1 but one day you will.” Pointing to a tree or a cow, she asked me to repeat their English names after her. Feeling 2 , I asked, “Mama, why do I have to learn these 3 words?” She held her pen right before my eyes. “Hold it firmly,” she 4 me, “for this pen and the new language will be your compass (指南针) to sail around the world.” Sadly, my mother died of breast cancer when I was six. Turning seven, I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school. 5 “closer” is a relative term in Uganda, which 6 I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school. Also, I needed to carry a stick in 7 of snakes and dogs. During the rainy season, the path to school was 8 daily and I’d swim with one hand, using the other hand to 9 the book bag on my head. Research shows 70 percent of poor children don’t 10 primary school in Uganda. Reasons for this 11 dropout rate include the long 12 some children must 13 among many other reasons. Fortunately, I’ve made it. Whenever I see the sun rise, I am 14 of the wisdom of my mother. What she taught me when I was a kid took root in my heart, 15 me to persevere with enthusiasm even in the miserable period of life. 1．A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission 2．A．anxious B．hopeless C．disappointed D．annoyed 3．A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old 4．A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened 5．A．But B．So C．When D．If 6．A．shows B．means C．proves D．states 7．A．search B．possession C．spite D．case 8．A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded 9．A．drag B．hold C．hide D．seize 10．A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue 11．A．constant B．steady C．low D．high 12．A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories 13．A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure 14．A．informed B．warned C．reminded D．told 15．A．allowing B．inspiring C．expecting D．intending 话题3体育拼搏精神（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高三上·广东·阶段检测）The players on the Academy basketball team knew something was wrong. Their coach, Brendan King, who never 1 them on weekends, urged them back to the gym. They had won the championship the night before, yet now they felt somewhat 2 . “We actually lost to Apache 43-42,” King 3 the news. Due to some technical issues, a shot was 4 recorded. All fell silent. It was a 5 pill for them to swallow. After debating, the whole team 6 to do what was right. The game had been 7 . Scores were close until the last quarter, when Apache led by 14 points. However, the Academy players 8 to give up, hitting shot after shot. Ultimately, they hit a 3-point buzzer beater to top Apache by a point. The players 9 , but King had a strange feeling. That same night, King recounted each point, and his fear was 10 : the scoreboard had been off. By rules, the score couldn’t be changed once the game was over. But officials made an 11 and they returned the medal, officially recognizing Apache as the 12 . Amy Merriweather, Apache’s coach, said the 13 meant more than the title, “There are still good people in this world.” While many often focus on winning 14 , the Academy’s choice shows that true 15 is about the integrity and sportsmanship of the players. 1．A．contacted B．followed C．praised D．welcomed 2．A．relaxed B．awkward C．excited D．nervous 3．A．exchanged B．broke C．heard D．gathered 4．A．informally B．regularly C．mistakenly D．automatically 5．A．cold B．huge C．white D．bitter 6．A．managed B．decided C．hesitated D．struggled 7．A．balanced B．casual C．intense D．flexible 8．A．learned B．tended C．pretended D．refused 9．A．sweated B．erupted C．nodded D．escaped 10．A．relieved B．forgotten C．confirmed D．hidden 11．A．assumption B．examination C．appointment D．exception 12．A．leaders B．hosts C．champions D．competitors 13．A．gift B．gesture C．strategy D．score 14．A．at all costs B．behind the wheels C．under the spotlight D．on the horizon 15．A．victory B．ambition C．responsibility D．reputation Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）48-year-old Richard Whitehead is a Paralympic Gold Medallist, world record holder, and marathon runner. Born with a double through-knee congenital amputation (先天性截肢), Richard 1 a passion for sport early on. He embraced sport not just as a 2 , but as a way to live without limits — a philosophy instilled (灌输) by his parents that continues to shape his life and 3 millions. Over twenty years ago, Richard dreamed of running a marathon, signed up, and 4 the New York Marathon. Since that incredible 5 , he has won a gold medal in the T42 200 meters in London 2012. By working hard throughout the year, he broke his own record, running the Chicago Marathon in 2:41:36 in October 2024. He is 6 the fastest amputee runner in the world. For him, marathons are life 7 . “We often look at obstacles and say, ‘Running isn’t for me’, or ‘This will take too much hard work’. But if we take one 8 step forward, whether we’re 10 or 70, man or woman, we can all 9 . Marathon running is like life: it’s full of challenges, but with support and guidance, you can 10 them and grow stronger,” he emphasized. According to Richard, the diversity of marathon 11 has made the greatest impression on him. “On Friday, families were running 10 km with pushchairs, young people with autism (孤独症) were 12 , and there were 13 marathoners alongside first-timers. Through sport, we 14 , relate, and inspire each other, even without speaking the same language or 15 the same background,” he said. 1．A．controlled B．ignored C．imagined D．developed 2．A．guideline B．competition C．behavior D．treatment 3．A．challenge B．defeat C．inspire D．comfort 4．A．completed B．approved C．changed D．defended 5．A．coverage B．achievement C．discovery D．campaign 6．A．fortunately B．potentially C．immediately D．currently 7．A．memories B．fantasies C．lessons D．occupations 8．A．sudden B．cautious C．random D．positive 9．A．compete B．survive C．improve D．observe 10．A．gain B．overcome C．protect D．command 11．A．runners B．regions C．ranges D．origins 12．A．preparing for B．taking part C．worrying about D．falling apart 13．A．terrified B．confused C．experienced D．concerned 14．A．connect B．construct C．attract D．urge 15．A．receiving B．establishing C．organizing D．sharing Passage 3 Besides her strong professional skills, the diving gold medal winner Quan Hongchan does have an unusual personality, which attracts the 1 of people around the country. At the 19th World Championships (锦标赛), Quan Hongchan was 2 by Chen Yuxi by 0.3 points. She made major mistakes, but still did not lose the audience’s 3 for her. It is believed that she will return to be the king. In the mixed all-around final, Zhang Jiaqi was temporarily (临时) replaced. Quan Hongchan took the place of her, 4 the 10-meter platform and the 3-meter board. However, with the first jump of Quan Hongchan, the doubts before the competition were 5 . Quan Hongchan is 6 born for diving. She is the one that not only has good 7 , but also trains so hard off the sports 8 . From her challenge to the 3-meter board, you can see the results of her 9 trainings. In addition to 10 skills, Quan Hongchan has a particularly 11 feature, that is, she won’t be influenced by the surrounding environment, and her 12 on the game is great. Now, Quan Hongchan has become a world champion, which led to her 13 . Facing the camera, she was a “funny girl”. Perhaps this is her nature (天性). She is a child who is very 14 , simple, and talkative. She is the 15 of our Chinese people. 1．A．exploration B．improvement C．confidence D．attention 2．A．forgot B．supported C．defeated D．ruined 3．A．aid B．responsibility C．wisdom D．affection 4．A．challenging B．exchanging C．organizing D．leaving 5．A．strengthened B．controlled C．gone D．made 6．A．publicly B．truly C．directly D．hardly 7．A．system B．character C．gift D．luck 8．A．campus B．field C．path D．street 9．A．simple B．different C．unique D．continuous 10．A．excellent B．strange C．traditional D．empty 11．A．uncertain B．invaluable C．unfamiliar D．informal 12．A．focus B．purpose C．experiment D．description 13．A．prize B．survival C．popularity D．view 14．A．silent B．lovely C．strict D．shy 15．A．pride B．name C．enemy D．project 话题4艺术灵感与创新（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·云南大理·阶段检测）Fio Silva is a talented muralist (壁画家) from Buenos Aires, Argentina. She lives in a common neighborhood of the city. She is good at painting beautiful murals with bright colors, bringing new life to ordinary city walls. Much of her inspiration comes from 1 . She has devoted nearly ten years to outdoor wall painting and gained high praise from local citizens. As Silva explains, “I think the idea that 2 me the most is that of movement and strength. I like painting 3 , especially birds, in a creative way. I try to make something that attracts people’s 4 not only for its colors or size. It is also something that can ‘be 5 ’ and tells you something.” Silva says that she took up her job almost 6 . “I began painting murals because a friend 7 me some spray cans (喷漆罐) for my birthday. And with that, I went to paint on the street for the first time, totally out of 8 . People in my neighborhood 9 gave up their walls to let me paint and there I fell in love with painting in the 10 space.” Silva is particularly careful with the 11 that she chooses to include in an artwork. As certain colors will 12 her feelings, producing a power that can transport the viewers from the 13 city surroundings into the quiet natural world. She often spends hours mixing different paint to get ideal tones before starting creation. City murals are wonderful public art that makes 14 life more beautiful. It is really exciting to see young artists keep their passion and use their skills to 15 the whole city. 1．A．science B．nature​ C．fashion​ D．book 2．A．moves B．worries C．frightens D．inspires 3．A．insects B．animals C．landscapes D．plants 4．A．talent B．respect C．attention D．wealth 5．A．read B．written C．bought​ D．taught 6．A．by design B．by chance​ C．on earth D．on purpose 7．A．lent​ B．passed​ C．sold​ D．sent 8．A．sight B．duty C．curiosity​ D．reach 9．A．warmly B．hopelessly C．strictly D．tiredly 10．A．narrow​ B．green C．public​ D．digital 11．A．brushes B．lines C．items D．colors 12．A．express B．receive C．hurt D．control 13．A．messy B．pretty​ C．noisy D．big 14．A．simple B．urban C．country D．healthy 15．A．turn up​ B．warm up​ C．carry out​ D．take out Passage 2 （25-26高二下·云南昆明·开学考试）Artist David Nott takes tufting (簇绒) to a whole new level, turning the traditional carpet-making technique into eye-catching wall art. 1 by abstract patterns and rich colors, he uses a tufting gun to 2 excellent art that adds a playful touch to any home. Nott starts by 3 his pieces in Adobe Illustrator, where he 4 his patterns before bringing them to life. With a tufting gun in hand, he carefully turned his 5 ideas into art that just begs to be 6 . To finish off each piece, Nott 7 uses a variety of tools to fine-tune the soft curves (曲线) and lines. He says, “The sculpting part of the 8 is my favorite. That’s where I can really dig into the precision 9 of the medium.” Nott’s pieces can take anywhere from 70 to over 100 hours to finish, with his more complicated works requiring more tasks to 10 . Each piece is a true labor of love, but Nott is no stranger to precise 11 . Before getting into tufting, he 12 his artistic skills, mastering the art of 13 long before he picked up the tufting gun. Nott has 14 a steady following on websites for his colorful creations. His work has even caught the 15 of famous brands. 1．A．Depressed B．Impressed C．Shocked D．Inspired 2．A．handle B．create C．affect D．investigate 3．A．designing B．promoting C．collecting D．distributing 4．A．talks about B．maps out C．makes up D．shows off 5．A．positive B．cautious C．digital D．temporary 6．A．touched B．found C．balanced D．approached 7．A．casually B．purposely C．carefully D．awkwardly 8．A．project B．process C．advance D．schedule 9．A．lesson B．form C．aspect D．case 10．A．imagine B．complete C．select D．instruct 11．A．techniques B．solutions C．standards D．directions 12．A．hid B．admitted C．developed D．discovered 13．A．picture B．figure C．innovation D．precision 14．A．gained B．rejected C．changed D．remembered 15．A．introduction B．connection C．devotion D．attention Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东广州·阶段检测）At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable. Most people would 1 there. But for Linda, these scenes are invitations to discover 2 beauty. She advises us to 3 closer and slower and to see each image as a world in itself — a well-ordered 4 created by nature and captured by her large-format camera. Linda often shoots from the 5 , sitting in the grass, sometimes with her dogs beside her. This low 6 gives an animal-eye view of scenes just a foot or two high, connecting her to the earth and the plant life she is 7 . Her focus on lines and geometric (几何形状) in nature creates 8 connections: tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel (平行) to a plant. “I find beauty in all of nature,” Linda says. “Even weeds and dead branches have something 9 .” Linda’s journey as a photographer was 10 by her grandmother, who would 11 in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape. Her grandmother’s simple 12 to “look” set Linda on her path. “How long does it take to see something?” asked one of Linda’s fans. Her work is part of the answer. It encourages us to observe the world 13 , and to become alive to our 14 . In a fast-paced world, Linda reminds us that 15 is all around us, waiting to be discovered if we just spend time looking for it. 1．A．wander B．settle C．stop D．appear 2．A．imaginary B．clear C．distant D．hidden 3．A．look B．live C．shut D．plan 4．A．process B．composition C．system D．schedule 5．A．sky B．ocean C．ground D．downtown 6．A．consumption B．price C．speed D．perspective 7．A．painting B．collecting C．photographing D．studying 8．A．subjective B．casual C．temporary D．visual 9．A．grand B．attractive C．ancient D．powerful 10．A．inspired B．designed C．required D．consulted 11．A．remain calm B．come alive C．go wrong D．keep still 12．A．response B．solution C．invitation D．access 13．A．patiently B．frequently C．quietly D．eagerly 14．A．conditions B．surroundings C．backgrounds D．organizations 15．A．truth B．kindness C．peace D．beauty 话题5生物奥秘的探索与发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期中）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 1 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 2 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 3 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 4 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 5 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 6 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 7 the transformation. But Jo was not 8 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 9 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 10 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 11 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 12 about nature. Although butterflies do not 13 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 14 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 15 our understanding of the natural world. 1．A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 2．A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 3．A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 4．A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 5．A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 6．A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 7．A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 8．A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 9．A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 10．A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 11．A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 12．A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 13．A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 14．A．space B．speed C．age D．size 15．A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand Passage 2 （2026·上海·二模）A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the 1 evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle a long-standing debate among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts previously 2 their cognitive (认知) abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time-related information, the researchers built a(n) 3 designed maze (迷宫) where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct 4 clues: one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these 5 circles, they found sweet, preferred food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the 6 flash, which was consistently linked to the sweet food. To 7 the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based 8 on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are 9 using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli—flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment — to solve tasks flexibly is truly 10 . “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the 11 of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can 12 between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms (神经机制) behind bees’ 13 ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to 14 time duration faster than others. The findings 15 the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new insights into how animals perceive time. 1．A．direct B．first C．concrete D．physical 2．A．developed B．possessed C．demonstrated D．underestimated 3．A．abstractly B．carefully C．complexly D．conventionally 4．A．visual B．verbal C．potential D．important 5．A．dark B．wide C．complete D．respective 6．A．short B．bright C．sudden D．complete 7．A．allow for B．look into C．rule out D．open up 8．A．typically B．simply C．specially D．purposefully 9．A．actually B．accidentally C．maximumly D．casually 10．A．unique B．doubtful C．remarkable D．measurable 11．A．fees B．rates C．costs D．losses 12．A．shift B．range C．alternate D．distinguish 13．A．food-seeking B．time-setting C．time-judging D．food-processing 14．A．assess B．reduce C．invest D．combine 15．A．convey B．develop C．explore D．challenge Passage 3 （24-25高二上·福建莆田·期末）The relationship between humans and animals has evolved far beyond mere companionship, encompassing ecological, therapeutic, and even existential dimensions. While dogs are often 1 for their unwavering loyalty, recent studies reveal that their cognitive abilities rival those of primates in certain aspects, such as 2 problem-solving and emotional intelligence. When wildlife biologist Dr. James encountered a severely 3 wolf during an expedition, he faced an ethical dilemma. Intervention could disrupt natural selection, yet 4 the animal contradicted his moral principles. After administering emergency care, he was astonished when the wolf, instead of fleeing, exhibited 5 behavior—observing him from a distance for weeks, as if studying human nature. This phenomenon, termed “reciprocal curiosity,” challenges the traditional 6 of predator-prey dynamics. Beyond individual bonds, animal-assisted therapy has gained 7 in clinical settings. Patients with PTSD who interact with trained dogs demonstrate 8 cortisol levels and enhanced neural plasticity. However, critics argue that such practices may 9 anthropomorphism, projecting human emotions onto creatures with fundamentally different 10 systems. The ethical debate intensifies regarding working animals. Guide dogs undergo rigorous training to 11 handlers’ mobility, but some activists contend this constitutes exploitation. Conversely, K9 units in disaster zones display astonishing 12 , locating survivors in conditions where technology fails. Their 13 to duty often surpasses human endurance limits. Perhaps the most profound lesson lies in interspecies communication. Marine biologists discovered that dolphins 14 unique whistles when collaborating with fishermen—a cultural transmission previously deemed exclusive to humans. This finding compels us to 15 our anthropocentric worldview and reconsider what truly defines consciousness. 1．A．commended B．compensated C．commissioned D．confronted 2．A．abstract B．instinctive C．innovative D．spatial 3．A．malnourished B．disoriented C．incapacitated D．domesticated 4．A．neglecting B．euthanizing C．rehabilitating D．domesticating 5．A．ambivalent B．aberrant C．contemplative D．submissive 6．A．paradigms B．hypotheses C．doctrines D．phenomena 7．A．momentum B．scrutiny C．backlash D．oblivion 8．A．stabilized B．elevated C．plateaued D．fluctuating 9．A．mitigate B．perpetuate C．simulate D．illuminate 10．A．metabolic B．neural C．sensory D．cognitive 11．A．stabilize B．navigate C．regulate D．simulate 12．A．resilience B．obedience C．vigilance D．endurance 13．A．devotion B．adaptation C．submission D．evolution 14．A．modulate B．emit C．mimic D．suppress 15．A．advocate B．relinquish C．transcend D．scrutinize 话题6生态保护与可持续发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （2026·云南·三模）Jannat Patloo, a 14-year-old from Srinagar, has been leading cleanup drives on Dal Lake since the age of five. “I was 1 by my father, who has been cleaning the lake 2 for years,” she shared. Her father’s own 3 began when he saw a foreign tourist remove a cigarette 4 in the water. “It made me realise how carelessly we treat a resource that others consider paradise,” he recalled. From that day, he began his mission to protect the Dal’s 5 ecosystem. Following her father’s example, Jannat now spends every Sunday 6 her boat on Dal Lake with gloves on and a net in hand. She removes plastic 7 , bottles, and other waste that accumulate in the water. “It is not just my father who 8 the lake for income, but there are 9 of others whose survival is tied to it,” she explained. She added that if the lake were destroyed, tourists across the world might stop coming altogether. Jannat’s 10 efforts have caught national attention. Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised her on his Mann Ki Baat programme, calling her a 11 for youth-led environmental stewardship. A school in Hyderabad even included a lesson 12 “Jannat’s Jheel” in its curriculum. Jannat hopes the government will deploy modern machines to clean the lake and 13 the polluters. “If I can clean even a little, it’s worth it,” she said softly, her eyes 14 the lake. “Dal is our pride — and our 15 .” 1．A．forced B．inspired C．criticized D．accompanied 2．A．on and off B．in and out C．sooner or later D．more or less 3．A．adventure B．dream C．journey D．life 4．A．sinking B．burning C．melting D．floating 5．A．delicate B．fantastic C．marine D．stable 6．A．repairing B．driving C．riding D．rowing 7．A．leaves B．batteries C．leftovers D．wrappers 8．A．lives on B．focuses on C．builds on D．insists on 9．A．parts B．amounts C．scores D．piles 10．A．desperate B．tireless C．careful D．aggressive 11．A．genius B．stranger C．model D．scholar 12．A．rated B．judged C．signed D．titled 13．A．fine B．reward C．invite D．forgive 14．A．following B．scanning C．holding D．catching 15．A．shame B．mistake C．responsibility D．pleasure Passage 2 （25-26高二下·江苏南京·期中）Growing up in Mauritius, I loved nature. Behind my house stands a mountain named Le Pouce, on which I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2   at the water’s edge. Despite living on an island 3 by the Indian Ocean, I was 4 by the mere thought of entering the ocean. When I was about 10, this started to change. I learned about the 5 climate change posed to island countries and developed an interest in environmental protection. Later, I took National Geographic’s courses, which set me on a path to helping start The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to ocean 6 and protection. 7 , I realized humans depend on the ocean and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. Determined to 8 my fear, I stepped outside my comfort zone and became a(n) 9 diver last year. After getting my diving qualification, I helped run a summer camp and led a beach cleanup. I got encouraged by the 10 of the cleanup when a parent told me her son 11 replacing plastic items with bamboo alternatives after returning home. 12 the ship crash that spilled (溢出) over 1,000 metric tons of fuel into our coral reef, I joined thousands of volunteers to 13 the spill. Collective action made a difference and revealed the power of working together. Change takes time, but we must protect the ocean every day, not just during crises. Photos on social media are our best tools to shift 14 . Protecting the ocean is very 15 and I’ll keep devoting myself to it. I sincerely hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings. 1．A．extending B．constructing C．protecting D．exploring 2．A．stopped B．stretched C．sustained D．unfolded 3．A．buried B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4．A．astonished B．fascinated C．scared D．convinced 5．A．obstacle B．threat C．opportunity D．progress 6．A．confidence B．recognition C．appreciation D．awareness 7．A．Gradually B．Initially C．Consequently D．Subsequently 8．A．acknowledge B．ignore C．overcome D．calculate 9．A．experienced B．qualified C．committed D．advanced 10．A．finance B．frequency C．harmony D．influence 11．A．depended on B．reflected on C．insisted on D．concentrated on 12．A．In memory of B．In view of C．In charge of D．In favour of 13．A．release B．contain C．compare D．cause 14．A．manners B．behaviours C．positions D．attitudes 15．A．crucial B．influential C．beneficial D．universal Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）Ognjen Krnetié is a ranger (护林员) in the protected area of the Gradac River Gorge (峡谷) and a member of the Gradac Environmental Society. He has spent decades making sure that Gradac 1   that way. He grew up in a family that protected nature before it even became a profession. This family tradition of responsible use of nature and 2 forest and water led Ognjen to the job he does today — he is the man who makes sure the Gradac River will keep 3 for his children to enjoy. In recent years, Gradac has fallen victim to its own 4 . When more and more people began to 5 nature escapes near cities, the gorge has experienced the entry of 6 into its protected areas: unauthorized camping fires started where it is 7 , and swimming spots crowded with bathers. Despite all 8 , the local community remains 9 to the vision of keeping Gradac clean and lifeful. The project “Natural Measures for Ecological Gradac” is part of the community’s effort to 10 the various challenges the river faces with smart, nature-based solutions. For Ognjen Krnetié and local residents living near Gradac, each of these 11 is more than typical nature conservation — it is a way to 12 a part of their identity and family tradition. It is also a(n) 13 for the children who run along the shores of Gradac today to bring their own 14 to the same river tomorrow, under the same willow trees, and 15 say, “You know you can drink the water straight from the river here.” 1．A．works B．forms C．stays D．stretches 2．A．getting on with B．making use of C．keeping contact with D．taking care of 3．A．clean B．quiet C．calm D．colourful 4．A．pollution B．responsibilities C．popularity D．location 5．A．avoid B．seek C．permit D．change 6．A．visitors B．animals C．opponents D．victims 7．A．admired B．prohibited C．expected D．ignored 8．A．disasters B．efforts C．difficulties D．possibilities 9．A．addicted B．opposed C．exposed D．committed 10．A．address B．analyze C．create D．record 11．A．challenges B．measures C．traditions D．barriers 12．A．preserve B．illustrate C．integrate D．adapt 13．A．routine B．opportunity C．alternative D．way 14．A．workmates B．parents C．friends D．children 15．A．willingly B．gently C．proudly D．simply 该语篇以世界杯足球赛事这一全球性体育情境为背景，通过实力差距明显的球队之间的比赛，展现了体育竞技中的拼搏精神、团队合作和尊重对手的价值理念。文本不仅要求学生理解比赛过程和人物情感变化，还引导学生认识体育精神超越胜负本身的意义，培养积极向上的价值观和抗挫能力。同时，该语篇融合体育文化、国际交流和社会价值教育等内容，体现英语学习与真实世界的连接，有助于提升学生的跨文化理解能力、批判性思维和综合素养。 【新情境】（26-27高三上·重庆·开学考试）Reporters worldwide spoke highly of a thrilling World Cup match between defending champion Argentina and Cape Verde (佛得角). Few people had 1 that the tiny island nation would stage such an amazing surprise in the knockout (淘汰赛) stage. Before the match, data showed Argentina held an overwhelming 2 , with an 89 percent winning probability. Most fans firmly believed Argentina would easily defeat the 3 team and advance smoothly. The game, however, went totally beyond expectations. Messi gave Argentina an early 4 in the 29th minute, seemingly securing an easy win. However, Cape Verde’s players never 5 . With solid teamwork and strict strategy, they 6 so much energy on the field that Cape Verde equalized twice, pushing the strong champion into extra time. Their goalkeeper made numerous brilliant 7 , blocking Messi’s threatening shots repeatedly and stopping the team from being 8 easily. Over 120 minutes, Argentina failed to gain absolute 9 of the game. Though they won 3-2 via an opponent’s own goal, the victory was far from 10 . The media pointed out Argentina exposed obvious 11 in midfield coordination and defense. Despite the 12 loss, Cape Verde earned global fame and respect. Made up of players from ordinary leagues, the team, delivering brilliant performances, fully 13 the truth that football is not merely about star power or market value. True sports spirit lies in never 14 oneself to fate. This inspiring underdog story has touched millions, reminding the world that courage and unity can always 15 miracles on the global sports stage. 1．A．doubted B．expected C．promised D．regretted 2．A．trend B．burden C．challenge D．advantage 3．A．newly-founded B．well-established C．little-known D．well-known 4．A．lead B．lesson C．reward D．warning 5．A．sorrowed B．fled C．retired D．yielded 6．A．wasted B．reserved C．donated D．poured 7．A．decisions B．saves C．changes D．attempts 8．A．beaten B．cheated C．ignored D．observed 9．A．defense B．control C．awareness D．presence 10．A．modest B．formal C．convincing D．temporary 11．A．weaknesses B．secrets C．strengths D．features 12．A．heavy B．narrow C．permanent D．sudden 13．A．go through B．call for C．bring out D．cover up 14．A．adapting B．resigning C．turning D．reacting 15．A．assess B．possess C．witness D．create 该语篇以春晚机器人功夫表演这一真实社会情境为载体，将人工智能技术与中华传统文化相结合，引导学生关注科技创新对文化传承与传播方式的影响。文本不仅考查学生获取信息、理解语篇逻辑的能力，还培养学生的科技意识、文化自信和创新思维。学生在阅读过程中需要认识到现代科技赋能传统文化发展的价值，理解人工智能与人文艺术融合的发展趋势，提升英语学科与信息科技、文化教育等领域融合的综合素养。 【新情境＋跨学科】（2026·全国·二模）When the 2026 Spring Festival Gala opened, millions of viewers worldwide expected traditional lion dances and folk songs. They did not expect to 1 a group of humanoid robots stepping onto the stage to perform kung fu. The moment the robots 2 their first move, the audience burst into applause. This performance Wu BOT marked a historic 3 for China’s robotics industry. Developed by a tech team in Zhejiang, the robots were programmed to 4 the precise moves of martial arts masters. Their synchronized kicks and punches were so perfect that even professional athletes 5 shook their heads in surprise. For the creators, the goal was not only to show advanced technology but to 6 traditional culture with modern innovation. “We wanted to prove that cultural heritage and social progress can 7 side by side,” said the lead engineer. The team spent six months refining the robots’ movements to 8 the spirit of Chinese kung fu. The show soon became a global 9 . Foreign media praised it as a sign of China’s rising tech strength. Online, the video clips 10 millions of views within hours. Many international viewers said the robots offered them a new way to 11 Chinese culture. For 17-year-old Wang Yu, who dreams of becoming an engineer, the show was a life-changing 12 . “It made me realize that technology can bridge the past and the future,” he said. He soon joined the school robotics club and plans to study artificial intelligence. As the gala ended, the robots’ performance remained a hot 13 . It proved that tradition does not have to be old-fashioned. When innovation meets culture, it can 14 new life into ancient art and help it 15 brightly on the world stage. 1．A．watch B．hear C．meet D．touch 2．A．changed B．made C．missed D．repeated 3．A．lesson B．game C．moment D．joke 4．A．copy B．invent C．teach D．forget 5．A．widely B．deeply C．suddenly D．anxiously 6．A．compare B．connect C．replace D．separate 7．A．stand B．fight C．live D．compete 8．A．express B．hide C．test D．lose 9．A．hit B．problem C．plan D．mistake 10．A．reached B．lost C．needed D．shared 11．A．create B．protect C．understand D．change 12．A．choice B．experience C．promise D．challenge 13．A．topic B．song C．star D．team 14．A．take B．bring C．carry D．put 15．A．shine B．fall C．move D．flow 该语篇围绕敦煌莫高窟这一中华文化遗产展开，呈现了文物保护与旅游发展之间的平衡探索，体现了文化传承、生态保护与创新管理的融合。文章引导学生在理解文本内容的基础上，关注中华优秀传统文化保护的重要意义，培养文化认同感和社会责任意识。同时，该语篇融合历史文化、旅游管理、科技保护等多领域知识，考查学生在真实情境中分析问题、解决问题的能力，促进英语学科核心素养与人文素养、跨学科思维的协同发展。 【新情境】Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to balance tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to preserve the murals (壁画), through creative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits are considered the most severe 1 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 2 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. If you enter the caves during the 3 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 4 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 5 when restrictions (限制) are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition. The Dunhuang Academy began 6 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 7 more than 200 caves, with a team of 110 experts undertaking the work. Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 8 a historical record for future generations. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 9   audience. In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, 10 high-definition images and 11 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 12 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Dunhuang can 13 diverse (多样的) cultural exchanges through its cultural relics. By digitizing these relics, we 14 people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s 15 to diverse cultural exchanges. 1．A．promotions B．protests C．contributions D．threats 2．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 3．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．likely 4．A．limited B．established C．conducted D．investigated 5．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 6．A．generally B．digitally C．carefully D．directly 7．A．identified B．quoted C．covered D．revised 8．A．comes across B．turns to C．leaves behind D．lets alone 9．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 10．A．sharing B．regarding C．appreciating D．demanding 11．A．virtual B．specific C．equal D．steady 12．A．described B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 13．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．adopt 14．A．ensure B．enrich C．endanger D．enable 15．A．application B．attention C．relation D．contribution / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题 04 完形填空 话题1 幽默的力量 话题2 逆境中的坚持与成长（常考点） 话题3 体育拼搏精神（常考点） 话题4 艺术灵感与创新 话题5 生物奥秘的探索与发现（难点） 话题6 生态保护与可持续发展（难点） ① 先通读全文，抓主线和语境；再结合上下文、逻辑关系、固定搭配和词义辨析逐空判断，最后通读检查，确保前后连贯。 ② 核心：先通读 → 找线索 → 语境选词 → 复读验证。 话题1幽默的力量（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·甘肃兰州·期末）That morning was my science presentation. I had spent all night practicing it. But I felt so nervous that I 1 a cartoon video by mistake — a(n) 2 cat was dancing on the screen. The whole class went silent first. Then, someone 3 . I felt my ears burn; I was so 4 that I wanted to hide under my desk. I could hear classmates 5 to each other: “Is that her presentation?” “She must have messed up.” My mind went blank. I stared at the screen, 6 confused about what to do next. Just then, my teacher, Ms Lee, walked over. I thought she’d be 7 , but she smiled at the class. “Wow, I didn’t know we’d get a special 8 before the science talk,” she said. “Did you plan this to 9 us, Mia?” Her joke made the class laugh, and the 10 in the room disappeared. I was astonished — I had never thought humor could 11 such an awkward moment. With a deep breath, I decided to go along. “Um, yes! I wanted everyone to feel calm first,” I 12 , “Now let’s come to the real presentation.” The class cheered, and I quickly 13 the document for my presentation. After class, several classmates came over to say my talk was great. That day, I 14 humor isn’t just about jokes — it helps you gain confidence when things 15 wrong, and it can even promote kindness between people. 1．A．watched B．changed C．played D．made 2．A．amusing B．respected C．precious D．tiring 3．A．sighed B．cried C．shouted D．laughed 4．A．embarrassed B．excited C．disappointed D．upset 5．A．explaining B．whispering C．complaining D．reporting 6．A．loosely B．rarely C．completely D．mostly 7．A．angry B．happy C．proud D．patient 8．A．movie night B．story hour C．game time D．cartoon show 9．A．worry B．relax C．surprise D．challenge 10．A．danger B．joy C．tension D．noise 11．A．get through B．look into C．take over D．put off 12．A．apologized B．announced C．screamed D．reminded 13．A．saved B．examined C．copied D．opened 14．A．ignored B．forgot C．realized D．doubted 15．A．keep B．turn C．get D．go 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次科学展示中意外播放了卡通视频，老师用幽默化解了尴尬，让作者意识到幽默的力量。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我感到非常紧张，以至于我错误地播放了一个卡通视频——一只有趣的猫在屏幕上跳舞。A. watched观看；B. changed改变；C. played播放；D. made制作。根据后文“a cartoon video by mistake”可知，作者操作失误，播放了卡通视频。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我感到非常紧张，以至于我错误地播放了一个卡通视频——一只有趣的猫在屏幕上跳舞。A. amusing有趣的；B. respected受尊敬的；C. precious宝贵的；D. tiring令人疲倦的。根据后文“cat was dancing on the screen”和“The whole class went silent first. Then, someone”可知，猫在跳舞，所以是有趣的，且下文描述有人笑了，也说明这个视频有趣。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，有人笑了。A. sighed叹气；B. cried哭泣；C. shouted喊叫；D. laughed笑。根据前文“cat was dancing on the screen”、“The whole class went silent first. Then, someone”、“Did you plan this to ____ us”可知，屏幕上出现滑稽的跳舞猫，与严肃的科学展示形成反差，所以开始的时候大家沉默，后来有人先笑了，后文也提到老师询问是否想用这个视频让大家放松，所以此处指视频让人笑了。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到耳朵发烫；我感到很尴尬，想躲在桌子底下。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. excited激动的；C. disappointed失望的；D. upset沮丧的。根据前文“I felt my ears burn”和后文“I wanted to hide under my desk”可知，作者感到耳朵发烫，想躲在桌子底下，说明很尴尬。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能听到同学们在窃窃私语：“这是她的展示吗？”A. explaining解释；B. whispering低语；C. complaining抱怨；D. reporting报告。根据后文““Is that her presentation?” “She must have messed up.””可知，同学们在窃窃私语。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我盯着屏幕，完全不知道接下来该怎么办。A. loosely宽松地；B. rarely很少地；C. completely完全地；D. mostly主要地。根据前文“My mind went blank.”、后文“confused about what to do next”可知，作者脑子一片空白，作者此刻彻底陷入迷茫，完全不知道接下来该怎么办。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为她会生气，但她对全班同学微笑。A. angry生气的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的；D. patient耐心的。根据前文“I thought she’d be”和后文“but she smiled at the class”可知，作者在课堂上误播视频，打乱了展示秩序，按常理推测老师会生气，but表示转折，后文说老师对全班同学微笑，说明起初作者以为老师会生气。故选A。 8．考查名词短语辨析。句意：“哇，我不知道我们在科学讲座之前会有一个特别的卡通节目，”她说。A. movie night电影之夜；B. story hour故事时间；C. game time游戏时间；D. cartoon show卡通节目。根据上文“a cartoon video by mistake — a(n) ____ cat was dancing on the screen.”可知，作者误播了有跳舞猫的卡通视频，老师此处顺势调侃这是一个特别的卡通节目。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你打算用这个来让我们放松吗，米娅？A. worry担心；B. relax放松；C. surprise惊讶；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“I wanted everyone to feel calm first”可知，老师用玩笑化解尴尬，问作者是不是想让大家放松，后文作者的回答也证明了这一点。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的笑话让全班哄堂大笑，房间里的紧张气氛消失了。A. danger危险；B. joy快乐；C. tension紧张；D. noise噪音。根据上文“I could hear classmates ____ to each other: “Is that her presentation?” “She must have messed up.””、“Her joke made the class laugh”可知，作者误播视频后，全班寂静、同学私语，现场氛围是紧张的，老师的玩笑化解了这种紧张。故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很惊讶——我从来没有想过幽默能度过如此尴尬的时刻。A. get through度过；B. look into调查；C. take over接管；D. put off推迟。根据前文“I had never thought humor could”、后文“such an awkward moment”可知，幽默帮作者化解并度过了原本尴尬的场面。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，是的！我想先让大家冷静下来，”我宣布道，“现在我们进入正式的展示。”A. apologized道歉；B. announced宣布；C. screamed尖叫；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“Now let’s come to the real presentation.”可知，开始真正的展示，这是作者宣布的事情。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班欢呼起来，我迅速打开了展示的文件。A. saved拯救；B. examined检查；C. copied复制；D. opened打开。根据前文“Now let’s come to the real presentation”和后文“the document for my presentation”可知，作者宣布进入正式的展示，所以此处指打开展示的文件。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我意识到幽默不仅仅是关于笑话——当事情出错时，它能帮助你获得信心，甚至能促进人与人之间的友善。A. ignored忽视；B. forgot忘记；C. realized意识到；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“humor isn’t just about jokes — it helps you gain confidence when things ____ wrong, and it can even promote kindness between people.”可知，后文陈述的是作者意识到的幽默的作用。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我意识到幽默不仅仅是关于笑话——当事情出错时，它能帮助你获得信心，甚至能促进人与人之间的友善。A. keep保持；B. turn转弯；C. get得到；D. go离开。根据前文“it helps you gain confidence when things”、后文“wrong”可知，事情出错时，幽默能发挥大的作用，go wrong是固定搭配，意为“出错，出问题”，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宁夏银川·期中）For years, Vince Rozmiarek has been the man behind the message board at Indian Hills Community Center. The father took up the job in 2013 after all his children had 1 the nest. He found himself with a lot of 2 time and had no idea how to use it, so he figured this little side job would keep him 3 . At first, he took things 4 , but when April Fool’s Day came around, he found the perfect 5 to have some fun. He used the message board to make a joke about the neighboring town, and it received a great 6 from the locals. Realizing that his humor was 7 , Vince decided to make his jokes more of a 8 thing. He looked through books to find great things to write, and each one built up his 9 in the area. Soon enough, everyone in town knew him for his jokes, and they decided to 10 his humor with the world. It was in 2015 that a resident decided to bring his jokes and puns to social media. She created a(n) 11 for the message board on Facebook, and she regularly 12 it with photos whenever Rozmiarek presented new jokes and puns. Soon enough, people from all around the world were laughing at his jokes, just like the residents of Indian Hills. He now has over 84,000 13 on social media, many of whom 14 await every new picture that gets posted. Although Vince never did any of this for 15 , he’s glad he’s able to make so many people smile with his message board posts. 1．A．built B．flown C．feathered D．provided 2．A．free B．precious C．necessary D．interesting 3．A．occupied B．satisfied C．wise D．admired 4．A．responsibly B．slowly C．personally D．seriously 5．A．right B．mission C．opportunity D．resource 6．A．donation B．response C．concept D．recommendation 7．A．lost B．returned C．appreciated D．improved 8．A．noble B．creative C．spiritual D．regular 9．A．reputation B．business C．fortune D．confidence 10．A．exchange B．share C．take D．study 11．A．email B．address C．page D．group 12．A．decorated B．surfed C．posted D．updated 13．A．customers B．followers C．volunteers D．contributors 14．A．worriedly B．curiously C．eagerly D．impatiently 15．A．popularity B．fun C．recognition D．memory 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Vince Rozmiarek在孩子们离家后，找了一份社区中心留言板的兼职工作，后来开始借此发布幽默的笑话和双关语，这一举动不仅在当地社区广受欢迎，还通过社交媒体传播到全世界，积累了很多粉丝。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013年，在他所有的孩子都离开家后，这位父亲开始了这份工作。A. built建造；B. flown飞；C. feathered用羽毛装饰；D. provided提供。根据下文“He found himself with a lot of ___2___ time and had no idea how to use it”可知，身为父亲的Vince不知道如何利用自己的很多时间，由此可知，此时他所有的孩子都离开家了，短语fly the nest意为“离巢，离家独立生活”。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发现自己有很多空闲时间，却不知道如何利用它们，所以他想做这份小兼职可以让他有事可忙。A. free空闲的；B. precious珍贵的；C. necessary必要的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文“had no idea how to use it”可知，Vince不知道如何利用自己的时间，由此可知，他发现自己有很多空闲时间。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发现自己有很多空闲时间，却不知道如何利用它们，所以他想做这份小兼职可以让他有事可忙。A. occupied忙于……的；B. satisfied满意的；C. wise明智的；D. admired受人钦佩的。根据上文“had no idea how to use it”可知，Vince不知道如何利用自己的时间，由此可知，他是想做这份小兼职，让自己有事可忙。故选A。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一开始，他很认真，但是当愚人节来临的时候，他找到了一个完美的机会来找点乐子。A. responsibly负责任地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. personally亲自地；D. seriously认真地。根据下文“but when April Fool’s Day came around, he found the perfect ___5___ to have some fun”可知，后来事情发生了转变，Vince在愚人节来临时找了点乐子，由此可知，他一开始是认真对待工作的，短语take sth. seriously意为“认真对待某事”。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始，他很认真，但是当愚人节来临的时候，他找到了一个完美的机会来找点乐子。A. right权利；B. mission使命；C. opportunity机会；D. resource资源。根据上文“when April Fool’s Day came around”和下文“to have some fun”可推知，此处指愚人节是个找点乐子的完美机会。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在留言板上开了一个关于邻镇的玩笑，得到了当地人的热烈反响。A. donation捐赠；B. response回应，反响；C. concept概念；D. recommendation推荐。根据下文“He looked through books to find great things to write”可知，Vince继续着自己开玩笑的行为，由此可知，他最初的这个玩笑得到了当地人的热烈反响。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vince意识到自己的幽默受到了赏识，于是决定让自己的笑话成为一种常态。A. lost失去；B. returned返回；C. appreciated欣赏；D. improved提高。根据下文“He looked through books to find great things to write”可知，Vince继续着自己开玩笑的行为，由此可知，他的幽默受到了大家的欣赏。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Vince意识到自己的幽默受到了赏识，于是决定让自己的笑话成为一种常态。A. noble高尚的；B. creative有创造力的；C. spiritual精神的；D. regular常规的。根据下文“Soon enough, everyone in town knew him for his jokes”可知，很快，镇上的每个人都知道他的笑话，由此可知，Vince写了很多笑话，是把自己的笑话变成一种常态。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在书中寻找值得写的很棒的内容，每一个都为他在当地树立了声誉。A. reputation声誉；B. business商业；C. fortune财富；D. confidence信心。根据下文“Soon enough, everyone in town knew him for his jokes”可知，很快，镇上的每个人都知道他的笑话，由此可知，Vince的笑话很成功，为他在当地树立了声誉。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，镇上的每个人都知道他的笑话，他们决定与世界分享他的幽默。A. exchange交换；B. share分享；C. take拿；D. study学习。根据下文“It was in 2015 that a resident decided to bring his jokes and puns to social media.”可知，一位居民决定将Vince的笑话和双关语带到社交媒体上，由此可知，镇上的人决定与世界分享他的幽默。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook上为留言板创建了一个页面，每当Rozmiarek提出新的笑话和双关语时，她就会定期更新照片。A. email电子邮件；B. address地址；C. page页面；D. group组。根据下文“for the message board on Facebook”可推知，这位村民是为分享Vince的笑话和双关语而在Facebook上创建了一个页面。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook的留言板上创建了一个页面，每当Rozmiarek提出新的笑话和双关语时，她就会定期更新照片。A. decorated装饰；B. surfed冲浪；C. posted张贴；D. updated更新。根据下文“it with photos whenever Rozmiarek presented new jokes and puns”可推知，当Rozmiarek提出新的笑话和双关语时，这位村民也会更新照片，分享最新的笑话和双关语。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在他在社交媒体上有超过84000名追随者，其中许多人急切地等待着每一张新照片的发布。A. customers顾客；B. followers追随者；C. volunteers志愿者；D. contributors贡献者。根据上文“Soon enough, people from all around the world were laughing at his jokes”可知，很多人都被Vince的笑话逗乐了，由此可知，他在社交媒体上有很多追随者。故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在他在社交媒体上有超过84000名追随者，其中许多人急切地等待着每一张新照片的发布。A. worriedly担忧地；B. curiously好奇地；C. eagerly急切地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据上文“Soon enough, people from all around the world were laughing at his jokes”可知，很多人都被Vince的笑话逗乐了，由此可知，他们很期待Vince的笑话，急切地等待着每一张新照片的发布。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然Vince做这些从来都不是为了人气，但他很高兴自己能通过留言板的帖子让这么多人微笑。A. popularity受欢迎；B. fun乐趣；C. recognition认可；D. memory记忆。根据上一段叙述的Vince的笑话在网络上走红，受到关注，以及前文“Although”的转折可推知，此处指他做这些从来都不是为了网上的人气。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）I woke up in a good mood but there was only one thing on my mind: what to wear. A billion thoughts 1 through my brain. It was my first day of high school in a new state; first 2 are everything, and it was necessary to impress the people who I’d spend the next four years with. It was the fact that this was my third time being the new kid that 3 me to madness. 4 moving does something to a child’s development. I 5 to find reliable friends. But this time Dad’s company 6 my starting and finishing high school in the same place. This time mattered, which made me nervous. I appeared proudly in a patterned dress after searching my closet. I felt just as 7 as I stepped off the bus. But my jaw dropped when I found Mrs Hutfilz, my English teacher, wearing the same 8 as I did. I kept my head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first day meant 9 in front of the class, and 10 it was my turn. I made it through my one-minute introduction speech, until Hutfilz stood up, 11 adding that she liked my style. All the 12 in the morning surprisingly 13 . I cracked a smile. My smile 14 as I giggled with my peers. After class, I stayed behind, sharing with Mrs Hutfilz my previous understanding about coming into a new school and state. I was relieved to make a humorous and genuine 15 with my first teacher in the coming days. 1．A．raced B．broke C．forced D．crashed 2．A．experiences B．impressions C．comments D．expectations 3．A．related B．attracted C．drove D．switched 4．A．Random B．Permanent C．Regular D．Frequent 5．A．rejected B．struggled C．challenged D．appreciated 6．A．ensured B．admitted C．reflected D．deserved 7．A．nervous B．doubtful C．emotive D．confident 8．A．fashion B．design C．dress D．uniform 9．A．introductions B．performances C．lectures D．debates 10．A．on occasion B．soon enough C．no wonder D．in fact 11．A．casually B．seriously C．honestly D．jokingly 12．A．sympathy B．thrill C．anxiety D．guilt 13．A．held up B．melted away C．passed down D．carried on 14．A．froze B．faded C．grew D．formed 15．A．connection B．adjustment C．commitment D．negotiation 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在开学第一天穿了和老师一样的裙子，非常担心和紧张，结果老师开玩笑说喜欢作者的风格，让作者的焦虑消失了。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百万个想法在我脑子里赛跑。A. raced比赛，赛跑；B. broke打破；C. forced强迫；D. crashed碰撞。根据上文“A billion thoughts”和语境可知，此处考查短语race through my brain，表示“在我的脑海里反复穿梭”，展现出作者纠结开学第一天应该穿什么，以给未来的同学留下良好的第一印象的情绪。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我在一个新州上高中的第一天；第一印象就是一切，我有必要给那些和我一起度过接下来四年的人留下深刻印象。A. experiences经历；B. impressions印象；C. comments评论；D. expectations期待。根据上文“It was my first day of high school in a new state”可知，作者第一天上学，所以是第一印象。first impression表示“第一印象”。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我发疯让我抓狂的是这是我第三次当新生。A. related有关；B. attracted吸引；C. drove迫使；D. switched换。根据下文“me to madness”可知，作者因为是第三次做新生而要疯了。drive sb. to madness意思是“把某人逼疯”。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：频繁搬家对一个孩子的成长产生影响。A. Random随意的；B. Permanent永久的；C. Regular有规律的；D. Frequent经常的。根据上文“the fact that this was my third time being the new kid”可知，作者三次当新生，所以是经常搬家导致的。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我努力地找到了可靠的朋友。A. rejected反对；B. struggled挣扎；C. challenged挑战；D. appreciated感激。根据上文“the fact that this was my third time being the new kid”可知，作者频繁搬家，因此找到一些可靠稳定的朋友对她来说是很有难度的。struggle to do sth.表示“努力做、费力做”。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这一次，爸爸的公司确保了我可以在同一个地方上中学从头上到尾。A. ensured确保；B. admitted承认；C. reflected反射；D. deserved值得。根据下文“my starting and finishing high school in the same place”可知，作者可以在同一个地方完整的上完中学，说明作者应该是一种定居的状态，暗示作者父亲公司的固定保证了作者的定居。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我从校车上下来时，我感到很有信心。A. nervous紧张的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. emotive激起感情的；D. confident有信心的。根据上文“I appeared proudly in a patterned dress after searching my closet.(在我的衣橱里找了一遍之后，我穿着一件有图案的连衣裙自豪地出现了)”可知，这是作者翻遍了衣服所找出来的衣服，所以她应该处于一个非常自信的状态。这里的confident和前面的proudly相互呼应，都表示一种骄傲、自信的状态。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当我看到我的英语老师Hutfilz女士穿着和我一模一样的连衣裙时，我的下巴都掉到地上了。A. fashion时尚；B. design设计；C. dress连衣裙；D. uniform制服。根据上文“I appeared proudly in a patterned dress”可知，作者穿着一件有图案的连衣裙，英语老师穿着和作者一样的连衣裙。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低着头并且挪到了我的座位上，但是第一天就意味着在全班面前做自我介绍，并且很快就轮到我了。A. introductions介绍；B. performances表现；C. lectures演讲；D. debates争论。根据下文“in front of the class”和“my one-minute introduction speech”可知，因为新同学第一次入班，所以都需要在全班同学前做自我介绍。故选A。 10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：同上。A. on occasion偶尔；B. soon enough足够快；C. no wonder难怪；D. in fact事实上。根据下文“I made it through my one-minute introduction speech”可知，很快就轮到作者了。故选B。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我完成了一分钟的介绍演讲，直到Hutfilz站起来，开玩笑似的说她很喜欢我的风格。A. casually随意地；B. seriously严肃地；C. honestly诚实地；D. jokingly开玩笑。根据下文“I cracked a smile.”以及“I was relieved to make a humorous and genuine ___15___ with my first teacher in the coming days.”可知，作者原本被惊掉了下巴，后来笑了，说明老师是开了个玩笑活跃了气氛。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个早上积累起来的焦虑令人吃惊地就没有了。A. sympathy同情；B. thrill激动；C. anxiety紧张，焦虑；D. guilt内疚。根据下文“ I cracked a smile. ”可知，焦虑没有了，作者咧嘴笑了。故选C。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. held up抓住；B. melted away融化；C. passed down传下去；D. carried on继续。根据上文“surprisingly”以及下文“ I cracked a smile.”可知，此处表示持续了整个早晨的焦虑惊奇地一下子就融化掉，消失了。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我和同龄人咯咯地笑时，我的笑容越来越浓。A. froze冻；B. faded退化；C. grew长；D. formed形成。根据下文“as I giggled with my peers”可知，这里表达作者心情放松下来后的愉悦之意。用grow表示笑意的增长、扩大。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的日子里，我感到很安慰，因为我与老师达成了一种幽默的、真诚的联系。A. connection联系；B. adjustment调整；C. commitment投入；D. negotiation协商。根据“with my first teacher”和上文内容可知，因为撞衫而促成作者和老师之间产生了一种幽默、真诚的关联。故选A。 话题2逆境中的坚持与成长（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·期中）Three years ago, I participated in Model United Nations (MUN) held by the Education Department, which was a mock (模拟的) UN activity. During the two days, students were separated in different groups which 1 different countries to debate and try to solve problems. MUN has 2 awards: best delegates (代表), honorable mentions, and verbal commendations. Each time I participated in MUN, I made good 3 and undoubtedly got a few awards. But I often felt as if I’d 4 because I had never won the best delegate award. I 5 those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times, and I was just filled with 6 at their success. But later I realized that it was also 7 not to get the award because I could actually 8 something, and that I shouldn’t 9 the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be. Failures are completely subjective — we can look at a result as a failure or a 10 . Any failure can be regarded as a(n) 11 because you can always learn something from it and do 12 next time. This is supported by John Locke’s theory that we are born with a blank slate: knowledge and ability are learned from our 13 . That’s true. If I make a mistake in the life practice, then I probably won’t 14 that next time. I believe this is 15 the best way to become better. 1．A．inspire B．condemn C．represent D．strengthen 2．A．various B．temporary C．identical D．false 3．A．predictions B．preparations C．appointments D．explanations 4．A．accelerated B．exited C．failed D．succeeded 5．A．witnessed B．trained C．expected D．approached 6．A．envy B．relief C．satisfaction D．delight 7．A．annoyed B．ashamed C．terrible D．good 8．A．display B．desert C．delete D．learn 9．A．miss B．win C．deliver D．value 10．A．victory B．bet C．bond D．loss 11．A．aim B．burden C．benefit D．limit 12．A．funnier B．better C．worse D．slower 13．A．experiences B．attitudes C．positions D．decisions 14．A．accept B．admit C．repeat D．notice 15．A．wrongly B．scarcely C．narrowly D．truly 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者参加模拟联合国活动时，虽多次获奖但从未获得最佳代表奖，起初感到失落和嫉妒，后来意识到失败是主观的，任何失败都可以看作是一种益处，因为总能从中学到东西并在下次做得更好，作者认为这是变得更好的真正方法。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：在这两天里，学生们被分成不同的小组，代表不同的国家进行辩论并尝试解决问题。A. inspire激励；B. condemn谴责；C. represent代表；D. strengthen加强。根据前文“Model United Nations (MUN)”可知，Model United Nations (MUN) 是模拟联合国的活动，核心环节就是学生代表不同的国家进行辩论。 2．考查形容词。句意：模拟联合国有各种各样的奖项：最佳代表、荣誉提名奖、口头表彰奖。A. various各种各样的；B. temporary暂时的；C. identical相同的；D. false错误的。根据后文“best delegates (代表), honorable mentions, and verbal commendations.”可知，模拟联合国有各种各样的奖项。 3．考查名词。句意：每次我参加模拟联合国，我都会做好充分的准备，毫无疑问地获得了一些奖项。A. predictions预测；B. preparations准备；C. appointments约会；D. explanations解释。根据后文“and undoubtedly got a few awards”可知，作者做好充分准备，才能获奖。 4．考查动词。句意：但我经常觉得自己好像失败了，因为我从未获得过最佳代表奖。A. accelerated加速；B. exited退出；C. failed失败；D. succeeded成功。根据后文“because I had never won the best delegate award”可知，因为从未获得过最佳代表奖，所以作者觉得自己好像失败了。 5．考查动词。句意：我目睹了那些不配获奖的人多次获奖，我对他们的成功充满了嫉妒。A. witnessed目睹；B. trained训练；C. expected期望；D. approached接近。该动词的宾语是后文“those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times”，描述的是一个作者观察到的客观现象。因此，这是作者“目睹”到的事情。 6．考查名词。句意：我目睹了那些不配获奖的人多次获奖，我对他们的成功充满了嫉妒。A. envy嫉妒；B. relief宽慰；C. satisfaction满意；D. delight高兴。根据前文“those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times”可知，不配获奖的人多次获奖，作者会充满嫉妒。 7．考查形容词。句意：但后来我意识到，没有获奖也是件好事，因为我实际上可以学到一些东西，而且在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该赢得最佳代表奖。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. good好的。根据后文“because I could actually ____ something”可知，没有获奖也是件好事，因为可以学到东西。 8．考查动词。句意：但后来我意识到，没有获奖也是件好事，因为我实际上可以学到一些东西，而且在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该赢得最佳代表奖。A. display展示；B. desert抛弃；C. delete删除；D. learn学习。根据后文“Any failure can be regarded as a(n) ____ because you can always learn something from it”可知，没有获奖的话，可以学到一些东西。 9．考查动词。句意：但后来我意识到，没有获奖也是件好事，因为我实际上可以学到一些东西，而且在我成为最好的代表之前，我不应该赢得最佳代表奖。A. miss错过；B. win赢得；C. deliver递送；D. value重视。根据后文“until I was the best delegate I could be”可知，作者认为“获奖”应在自身能力真正匹配之后。 10．考查名词。句意：失败完全是主观的——我们可以把结果看作失败或胜利。A. victory胜利；B. bet打赌；C. bond纽带；D. loss损失。根据前文“Failures are completely subjective”可知，失败是主观的，破折号后的内容是对“主观”的解释，其中“or”连接一对反义词，与“failure”构成对比关系的只有“victory”。这体现了看待结果的两种对立视角。 11．考查名词。句意：任何失败都可以被视为一种益处，因为你总能从中学到东西，并在下次做得更好。A. aim目标；B. burden负担；C. benefit益处；D. limit限制。根据后文“because you can always learn something from it”可知，能从失败中学到东西，所以失败可以视为一种益处。 12．考查形容词。句意：任何失败都可以被视为一种益处，因为你总能从中学到东西，并在下次做得更好。A. funnier更有趣的；B. better更好的；C. worse更糟糕的；D. slower更慢的。根据前文“you can always learn something from it”可知，能从失败中学到东西，下次就能做得更好。 13．考查名词。句意：这得到了约翰·洛克理论的支持，即人生来如同一张白纸：知识和能力是从我们的经历中学到的。A. experiences经历；B. attitudes态度；C. positions位置；D. decisions决定。结合前文作者从模拟联合国的经历中领悟到道理，以及“knowledge and ability are learned from”可知，此处指从“经历”中学习，与作者的自身经历相契合。 14．考查动词。句意：如果我在生活实践中犯了一个错误，那么我下次可能就不会再犯了。A. accept接受；B. admit承认；C. repeat重复；D. notice注意。根据前文“If I make a mistake in the life practice”可知，犯错后下次可能就不会再犯了。 15．考查副词。句意：我相信这确实是变得更好的最好方法。A. wrongly错误地；B. scarcely几乎不；C. narrowly勉强地；D. truly真正地。此句是作者的总结性陈述，语气肯定，强调其观点的正确性。从“I believe”和“the best way”可以看出，作者对此深信不疑，需要一个表示肯定和强调的副词。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·河南·阶段检测）We celebrate successful people around us, but what characteristics make successful people 1 ? While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 2 . And many examples prove that this is 3 for you to achieve your goals. Consider this: if a high school senior passes a kindergarten math exam, it’s not seen as an 4 because the challenge is too easy. However, if the same student passes a college-level exam, that’s a true success. 5 , every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities. Many people 6 starting because they fear failure and focus only on what could go 7 . They forget to consider the positive aspect. The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn’t 8 . It’ s about following your instincts (直觉), 9 the fear of failure. Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 10 anyway. Without this courage, you will never know if you have the 11 to succeed. Think about the goals you haven’t 12 yet — starting a business, applying for a job, or writing a book. Often, the fear of failure holds us back. 13 asking, “What if I fail? ”, ask “How can I succeed?” By 14 your mindset (思维模式), you enable yourself to take action and move closer to your goals. The next time 15 arises, remember: What if you try and succeed? 1．A．step aside B．stand out C．cheer up D．calm down 2．A．fail B．stop C．change D．dream 3．A．legal B．optional C．necessary D．acceptable 4．A．achievement B．assessment C．exploration D．adjustment 5．A．Gradually B．Luckily C．Finally D．Similarly 6．A．consider B．avoid C．regret D．risk 7．A．fast B．normally C．smoothly D．wrong 8．A．expected B．guaranteed C．evaluated D．recognized 9．A．overcoming B．hiding C．understanding D．checking 10．A．refuse B．wonder C．wait D．try 11．A．reason B．experience C．probability D．right 12．A．pursued B．shared C．appreciated D．judged 13．A．As for B．Instead of C．In addition to D．By comparison with 14．A．examining B．treasuring C．shifting D．preserving 15．A．danger B．accident C．inspiration D．doubt 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨成功人士的关键特质——敢于失败的勇气，论述挑战自我、克服恐惧对实现目标的重要性。 【详解】1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们庆祝身边成功的人，但什么特质让成功人士脱颖而出？A. step aside让开；B. stand out突出；C. cheer up振作；D. calm down冷静。根据上文的“We celebrate successful people”可知，此处询问让成功人士“突出”的特质。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们可能有计划和策略，但迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气。A. fail失败；B. stop停止；C. change改变；D. dream梦想。根据下文“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn’t ____8____.”可知，成功的第一步是敢于“失败”。故选A项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多例子证明，这是实现目标的必要条件。A. legal合法的；B. optional可选的；C. necessary必要的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据常识和上文的“While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to  ____2____ .”可知，迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气，由此可知，敢于失败的勇气是“必要的”。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：试想：如果一个高三学生通过了幼儿园数学考试，这不算成就，因为挑战太容易了。A. achievement成就；B. assessment评估；C. exploration探索；D. adjustment调整。根据下文的“because the challenge is too easy.”可知，轻松完成的事不算“成就”。故选A项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，每一个有价值的目标都必须挑战我们当前的能力。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Finally最终；D. Similarly同样地。根据上文的“However, if the same student passes a college-level exam, that’s a true success.”与下文的“every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities.”可知，前文用学生考试的例子类比，此处强调目标需挑战能力的道理“同样”成立。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人避免开始，因为他们害怕失败，只关注可能出错的地方。A. consider考虑；B. avoid避免；C. regret后悔；D. risk冒险。根据下文的“because they fear failure”可知，害怕失败导致人们“避免”开始行动。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多人避免开始，因为他们害怕失败，只关注可能出错的地方。A. fast快地；B. normally正常地；C. smoothly顺利地；D. wrong错误地。根据上文的“because they fear failure”以及下文的“They forget to consider the positive aspect.”可知，因为害怕失败，所以人们只关注事情“出错”的可能性，而忽略了积极的方面，go wrong为固定搭配。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：敢于失败意味着即使成功没有保证，也要继续前进。A. expected期待；B. guaranteed保证；C. evaluated评估；D. recognized认可。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn’t”可知，此处解释了失败的勇气的意义，由此可推断，此处指的是即使在成功没有“保证”，仍要前进，符合语境。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是追随你的直觉，克服对失败的恐惧。A. overcoming克服；B. hiding隐藏；C. understanding理解；D. checking检查。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn’t ____8____ .”可知，敢于失败需要“克服”恐惧，才能不断前进。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：非常成功的人经常面临失败的可能，但无论如何都敢于尝试。A. refuse拒绝；B. wonder想知道；C. wait等待；D. try尝试。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure”以及but可知，成功人士经常面对失败的可能，而成功人士之所有成功在于敢于“尝试”。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种勇气，你永远不会知道自己是否有成功的可能性。A. reason原因；B. experience经验；C. probability可能性；D. right权利。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to ____10____anyway.”可知，尝试是成功人士成功的关键，结合“Without this courage”可推断，此处指的是不尝试则无法知晓成功的“可能性”符合语境。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想你还没有追求的目标——创业、求职或写书。A. pursued追求；B. shared分享；C. appreciated欣赏；D. judged判断。根据下文的 “starting a business, applying for a job”可知，此处指的是尚未“追求”的目标。故选A项。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：不要问“如果我失败了怎么办？”，而是问“我怎样才能成功？”A. As for至于；B. Instead of代替，而不是；C. In addition to除了；D. By comparison with与……相比。根据语境和下文的“What if I fail? ”以及“ask “How can I succeed?””，这是两种对待失败或成功的的不同态度，所以此处强调用积极问题“代替”消极问题。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过转变你的思维模式，你能够采取行动，更接近你的目标。A. examining检查；B. treasuring珍惜；C. shifting转变；D. preserving保存。根据上文的“____13____ asking, “What if I fail? ”, ask “How can I succeed?””可知，从消极到积极的提问是“转变”思维模式。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次怀疑出现时，记住：如果你尝试并成功了呢？A. danger危险；B. accident事故；C. inspiration灵感；D. doubt怀疑。根据语境和上文的“What if I fail? ”可知，此处指对失败的“怀疑”。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）It’s 27 years since my last conversation with Mother, who didn’t finish school like many of her contemporary (同时代的) girls. She often told me, “I never got my 1 but one day you will.” Pointing to a tree or a cow, she asked me to repeat their English names after her. Feeling 2 , I asked, “Mama, why do I have to learn these 3 words?” She held her pen right before my eyes. “Hold it firmly,” she 4 me, “for this pen and the new language will be your compass (指南针) to sail around the world.” Sadly, my mother died of breast cancer when I was six. Turning seven, I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school. 5 “closer” is a relative term in Uganda, which 6 I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school. Also, I needed to carry a stick in 7 of snakes and dogs. During the rainy season, the path to school was 8 daily and I’d swim with one hand, using the other hand to 9 the book bag on my head. Research shows 70 percent of poor children don’t 10 primary school in Uganda. Reasons for this 11 dropout rate include the long 12 some children must 13 among many other reasons. Fortunately, I’ve made it. Whenever I see the sun rise, I am 14 of the wisdom of my mother. What she taught me when I was a kid took root in my heart, 15 me to persevere with enthusiasm even in the miserable period of life. 1．A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission 2．A．anxious B．hopeless C．disappointed D．annoyed 3．A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old 4．A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened 5．A．But B．So C．When D．If 6．A．shows B．means C．proves D．states 7．A．search B．possession C．spite D．case 8．A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded 9．A．drag B．hold C．hide D．seize 10．A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue 11．A．constant B．steady C．low D．high 12．A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories 13．A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure 14．A．informed B．warned C．reminded D．told 15．A．allowing B．inspiring C．expecting D．intending 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者回忆母亲虽未上学却从小教他英语，母亲早逝后，他历经艰辛坚持求学，母亲的教诲一直激励他永不放弃。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她常对我说：“我从没拿到我的学位，但总有一天你会的。”A. degree学位；B. scholarship奖学金；C. recommendation推荐；D. admission录取。根据前文“didn’t finish school”可知，母亲没完成学业，因此没拿到学位。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到厌烦，就问：“妈妈，我为什么必须学这些外语单词？”A. anxious焦虑的；B. hopeless无望的；C. disappointed失望的；D. annoyed厌烦的。根据后文“Mama, why do I have to learn these 　　 words?”描述作者不耐烦的提问可知，作者当时很厌烦学英语。故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tough艰难的；B. new新的；C. foreign外国的；D. old老的。根据前文“repeat their English names”和后文“for this pen and the new language will be your compass (指南针) to sail around the world.”可知，作者学的是英语，对当地孩子来说是外语。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“把它握紧，”她鼓励我，“这支笔和新语言会成为你环游世界的指南针。”A. encouraged鼓励；B. consulted咨询；C. blamed责备；D. frightened吓唬。根据后文“for this pen and the new language will be your compass (指南针) to sail around the world”描述母亲鼓励的话语可知，她在鼓励作者。故选A项。 5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但“更近”在乌干达是个相对的词，这意味着我必须日出就起床，然后赤脚跑8.8英里去上学。A. But但是；B. So所以；C. When当……时；D. If如果。根据后文“then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school”描述依然要跑很远上学可知，这里指离学校“更近”但实际上依然距离远，所以此处表转折，But符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shows展示；B. means意味着；C. proves证明；D. states陈述。根据前文““closer” is a relative term”可知，此处解释这句话的含义。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还得带一根棍子，以防遇到蛇和狗。A. search寻找；B. possession拥有；C. spite尽管；D. case情况。根据后文“of snakes and dogs”以及语境可知，这里指带一根棍子以防遇到蛇和狗，in case of，为固定搭配，意为“以防，万一”。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨季时，通往学校的小路每天都被淹没，而我用一只手游泳，另一只手把书包举在头顶上。A. damaged损坏；B. repaired修理；C. blocked堵塞；D. flooded淹没。根据后文“I’d swim with one hand”可知，需要游泳过去，这里指路被水淹没。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. drag拖；B. hold举，握住；C. hide藏；D. seize抓住。根据前文“swim with one hand”和后文“on my head”可知，这里指要把书包举高防水。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，在乌干达70%的贫困儿童无法完成小学学业。A. attend参加；B. enter进入；C. complete完成；D. continue继续。根据后文“dropout rate”以及语境可知，此处指贫困儿童没能读完小学。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：辍学率高的原因包括一些孩子必须走很远的路，以及许多其他原因。A. constant持续的；B. steady稳定的；C. low低的；D. high高的。根据前文“70 percent”以及语境可知，辍学率非常高。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. distances距离；B. periods时期；C. lists清单；D. stories故事。根据前文“ran 8.8 miles”以及语境可知，这里指上学路途遥远，一些孩子必须走很远的路。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cover行走（一段路程）；B. consider考虑；C. judge判断；D. measure测量。根据前文“long distances”以及语境可知，此处指走很远的路。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我看见太阳升起，我就想起母亲的智慧。A. informed通知；B. warned警告；C. reminded提醒，使想起；D. told告诉。根据后文“of the wisdom of my mother”以及语境可知，这里指作者想起母亲的智慧，be reminded of，为固定搭配，意为“想起”。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她小时候教我的东西在我心里扎根，激励我即使在人生苦难时期也要满怀热情坚持下去。A. allowing允许；B. inspiring激励；C. expecting期待；D. intending打算。根据后文“persevere with enthusiasm”以及语境可知，这里指母亲的话激励着作者满怀热情坚持下去。故选B项。 话题3体育拼搏精神（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高三上·广东·阶段检测）The players on the Academy basketball team knew something was wrong. Their coach, Brendan King, who never 1 them on weekends, urged them back to the gym. They had won the championship the night before, yet now they felt somewhat 2 . “We actually lost to Apache 43-42,” King 3 the news. Due to some technical issues, a shot was 4 recorded. All fell silent. It was a 5 pill for them to swallow. After debating, the whole team 6 to do what was right. The game had been 7 . Scores were close until the last quarter, when Apache led by 14 points. However, the Academy players 8 to give up, hitting shot after shot. Ultimately, they hit a 3-point buzzer beater to top Apache by a point. The players 9 , but King had a strange feeling. That same night, King recounted each point, and his fear was 10 : the scoreboard had been off. By rules, the score couldn’t be changed once the game was over. But officials made an 11 and they returned the medal, officially recognizing Apache as the 12 . Amy Merriweather, Apache’s coach, said the 13 meant more than the title, “There are still good people in this world.” While many often focus on winning 14 , the Academy’s choice shows that true 15 is about the integrity and sportsmanship of the players. 1．A．contacted B．followed C．praised D．welcomed 2．A．relaxed B．awkward C．excited D．nervous 3．A．exchanged B．broke C．heard D．gathered 4．A．informally B．regularly C．mistakenly D．automatically 5．A．cold B．huge C．white D．bitter 6．A．managed B．decided C．hesitated D．struggled 7．A．balanced B．casual C．intense D．flexible 8．A．learned B．tended C．pretended D．refused 9．A．sweated B．erupted C．nodded D．escaped 10．A．relieved B．forgotten C．confirmed D．hidden 11．A．assumption B．examination C．appointment D．exception 12．A．leaders B．hosts C．champions D．competitors 13．A．gift B．gesture C．strategy D．score 14．A．at all costs B．behind the wheels C．under the spotlight D．on the horizon 15．A．victory B．ambition C．responsibility D．reputation 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了学院篮球队误记比分，误以为夺冠。教练复盘发现错误，全队决定归还奖牌。这件事告诉我们真正的胜利在于诚信与体育精神。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：他们的教练Brendan King周末从不联系他们，却催促他们回到体育馆。A. contacted联系；B. followed跟随；C. praised表扬；D. welcomed欢迎。结合上文“The players on the Academy basketball team knew something was wrong.”以及常识，教练周末一般不会联系队员，这次却紧急叫大家回球馆。 2．考查形容词。句意：前一晚他们刚刚赢得冠军，然而此刻他们感到紧张。A. relaxed放松的；B. awkward尴尬的，不安的；C. excited兴奋的；D. nervous紧张的。根据后文“We actually lost to Apache 43-42”可知，比赛实际上输了，大家感到紧张。 3．考查动词。句意：“实际上我们以42比43输给了阿帕奇队。”金教练公布了这个消息。A. exchanged交换；B. broke透露，公布；C. heard听见；D. gathered聚集。根据上文“We actually lost to Apache 43-42”可知，此处教练向队员告知实情。固定搭配break the news表示“公布坏消息”。 4．考查副词。句意：由于一些技术故障，一次投篮被错误记录。A. informally非正式地；B. regularly定期地；C. mistakenly错误地；D. automatically自动地。结合上文“We actually lost to Apache 43-42”可知，比分出错，可知这次投篮记录出错。 5．考查形容词。句意：这对他们来说是难以接受的苦果。A. cold寒冷的；B. huge巨大的；C. white白色的；D. bitter苦的。根据上文“We actually lost to Apache 43-42”可知，队员本以为夺冠，结果发现实际输球，固定搭配a bitter pill to swallow表示“难以接受的事实”。 6．考查动词。句意：经过讨论，全队决定做正确的事。A. managed设法完成；B. decided决定；C. hesitated犹豫；D. struggled努力，挣扎。结合下文“they returned the medal”他们归还奖牌，可知队员商量后做出抉择。 7．考查形容词。句意：这场比赛十分激烈。A. balanced平衡的；B. casual随意的；C. intense激烈的；D. flexible灵活的。后文“Ultimately, they hit a 3-point buzzer beater to top Apache by a point.”提到比分咬得很紧，直到最后一节阿帕奇队领先14分，说明比赛很激烈。 8．考查动词。句意：然而学院队的队员拒绝放弃，一球接着一球命中。A. learned学习；B. tended倾向；C. pretended假装；D. refused拒绝。结合后文“Ultimately, they hit a 3-point buzzer beater to top Apache by a point.”他们投中压哨三分，可知队员没有放弃。 9．考查动词。句意：队员们爆发出狂喜，但金教练有种异样的感觉。A. sweated流汗；B. erupted爆发（情绪）；C. nodded点头；D. escaped逃跑。根据上文“Ultimately, they hit a 3-point buzzer beater to top Apache by a point.”可知，投中绝杀球后队员情绪狂喜爆发。 10．考查动词。句意：当晚，金教练复盘每一分，他的担忧得到证实：计分板出错了。A. relieved使宽慰；B. forgotten忘记；C. confirmed证实；D. hidden隐藏。根据后文“the scoreboard had been off”可知，教练复盘核对分数，确认计分板存在错误。 11．考查名词。句意：规则规定比赛结束后比分不能更改，但官方破例处理此事，他们归还奖牌，正式认定阿帕奇队为冠军。A. assumption假设；B. examination检查；C. appointment约会；D. exception例外。根据上文“By rules, the score couldn’t be changed once the game was over.”可知，原本规则不可改分，这次官方破例。固定搭配make an exception表示“破例”。 12．考查名词。句意：规则规定比赛结束后比分不能更改，但官方破例处理此事，他们归还奖牌，正式认定阿帕奇队为冠军。A. leaders领导者；B. hosts东道主；C. champions冠军；D. competitors参赛者。结合前文“We actually lost to Apache 43-42”可知，学院队实际输掉比赛，阿帕奇队被认定为冠军。 13．考查名词。句意：阿帕奇队的教练Amy Merriweather说，这个举动比冠军头衔更重要：“世上仍有好人。”A. gift礼物；B. gesture举动；C. strategy策略；D. score分数。根据上文“they returned the medal”指学院队主动归还奖牌这一正直的举动打动对方教练。 14．考查短语。句意：虽然很多人常常不惜一切代价追求胜利，但学院队的选择表明真正的胜利关乎选手的正直与体育精神。A. at all costs不惜一切代价；B. behind the wheels掌控；C. under the spotlight备受瞩目；D. on the horizon即将发生。根据上文“meant more than the title”可知，对比队员重视诚信而非不计代价赢球。 15．考查名词。句意：虽然很多人常常不惜一切代价追求胜利，但学院队的选择表明真正的胜利关乎选手的正直与体育精神。A. victory胜利；B. ambition抱负；C. responsibility责任；D. reputation名声。根据后文“is about the integrity and sportsmanship of the players”以及文章主题讨论何为真正的胜利。 Passage 2 （26-27高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）48-year-old Richard Whitehead is a Paralympic Gold Medallist, world record holder, and marathon runner. Born with a double through-knee congenital amputation (先天性截肢), Richard 1 a passion for sport early on. He embraced sport not just as a 2 , but as a way to live without limits — a philosophy instilled (灌输) by his parents that continues to shape his life and 3 millions. Over twenty years ago, Richard dreamed of running a marathon, signed up, and 4 the New York Marathon. Since that incredible 5 , he has won a gold medal in the T42 200 meters in London 2012. By working hard throughout the year, he broke his own record, running the Chicago Marathon in 2:41:36 in October 2024. He is 6 the fastest amputee runner in the world. For him, marathons are life 7 . “We often look at obstacles and say, ‘Running isn’t for me’, or ‘This will take too much hard work’. But if we take one 8 step forward, whether we’re 10 or 70, man or woman, we can all 9 . Marathon running is like life: it’s full of challenges, but with support and guidance, you can 10 them and grow stronger,” he emphasized. According to Richard, the diversity of marathon 11 has made the greatest impression on him. “On Friday, families were running 10 km with pushchairs, young people with autism (孤独症) were 12 , and there were 13 marathoners alongside first-timers. Through sport, we 14 , relate, and inspire each other, even without speaking the same language or 15 the same background,” he said. 1．A．controlled B．ignored C．imagined D．developed 2．A．guideline B．competition C．behavior D．treatment 3．A．challenge B．defeat C．inspire D．comfort 4．A．completed B．approved C．changed D．defended 5．A．coverage B．achievement C．discovery D．campaign 6．A．fortunately B．potentially C．immediately D．currently 7．A．memories B．fantasies C．lessons D．occupations 8．A．sudden B．cautious C．random D．positive 9．A．compete B．survive C．improve D．observe 10．A．gain B．overcome C．protect D．command 11．A．runners B．regions C．ranges D．origins 12．A．preparing for B．taking part C．worrying about D．falling apart 13．A．terrified B．confused C．experienced D．concerned 14．A．connect B．construct C．attract D．urge 15．A．receiving B．establishing C．organizing D．sharing 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了残奥会金牌得主理查德的励志故事。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：理查德先天性双侧经膝截肢，但他早年就培养出对运动的热爱。A. controlled控制；B. ignored忽视；C. imagined想象；D. developed培养。根据下文“a passion for sport early on”可知，他早早培养出对跑步的热爱。 2．考查名词。句意：他将这项运动不仅仅视为一种竞赛，更视为一种不受限制的生活方式，这种理念是他父母灌输给他的，并持续塑造着他的人生，激励着数百万人。A. guideline准则；B. competition比赛；C. behavior行为；D. treatment疗法。根据上文“a Paralympic Gold Medallist”以及下文“but as a way to live without limits”可知，运动对他而言，不只是比赛，更是一种生活方式。 3．考查动词。句意：同上。A. challenge挑战；B. defeat击败；C. inspire激励；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“continues to shape his life”可知，该人生理念激励了很多人。 4．考查动词。句意：二十多年前，理查德梦想跑马拉松，报名参赛并完成纽约马拉松。A. completed完成；B. approved赞成；C. changed改变；D. defended保卫。根据上文“signed up”以及下文“incredible”可知，他报名之后跑完了这场比赛。 5．考查名词。句意：自从那次了不起的成就之后，他斩获2012伦敦残奥会T42级200米项目金牌。A. coverage报道；B. achievement成就；C. discovery发现；D. campaign活动。根据上文“signed up, and ____ the New York Marathon”以及“incredible”可知，跑完马拉松是了不起的成就。 6．考查副词。句意：目前他是世界上跑得最快的截肢跑者。A. fortunately幸运地；B. potentially潜在地；C. immediately立刻；D. currently当前。根据上文“he broke his own record, running the Chicago Marathon in 2:41:36 in October 2024”可推知，此处是指当前的最快纪录。 7．考查名词。句意：对他来说，马拉松就是人生的课程。A. memories回忆；B. fantasies幻想；C. lessons课程；D. occupations职业。根据下文“Marathon running is like life; it’s full of challenges”可知，马拉松教会他很多人生道理，是人生的课程。 8．考查形容词。句意：但如果我们迈出积极的一小步，无论我们是70岁还是10岁，无论男女，我们都可以进步。A. sudden突然的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. random随意的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“step forward”以及“grow stronger”可知，迈出积极的一步，才能变强。 9．考查动词。句意：同上。A. compete竞赛；B. survive生存；C. improve进步；D. observe观察。根据上文“if we take one ____ step forward”以及下文“Marathon running is like life; it’s full of challenges, but with support and guidance, you can ____ them and grow stronger”可推知，迈出积极一步，才能进步成长。 10．考查动词。句意：马拉松就像人生：充满挑战，但在支持和引导下，你能够克服困难，然后成长变强。A. gain获得；B. overcome克服；C. protect保护；D. command指挥。根据上文“it’s full of challenges, but with support and guidance”以及下文“them”可知，此处是指克服挑战。 11．考查名词。句意：据理查德所说，马拉松参赛者的多样性给了他最深的触动。A. runners跑步者；B. regions地区；C. ranges范围；D. origins起源。根据下文“families were running 10 km with pushchairs, young people with autism (孤独症)”可知，此处是指有各种各样的人参赛跑步。 12．考查动词短语。句意：周五，推着婴儿车的家庭、患有自闭症的年轻人都在参与比赛，有经验的马拉松选手和初次参赛者一同奔跑。A. preparing for为……做准备；B. taking part参加；C. worrying about担心；D. falling apart崩溃。根据上文“families were running 10 km with pushchairs”可知，这些人都是马拉松的参与者，在参加比赛。 13．考查形容词。句意：同上。A. terrified害怕的；B. confused困惑的；C. experienced有经验的；D. concerned担忧的。根据下文“alongside first-timers”可知，第一次跑马拉松的新手对应的是有经验的马拉松选手。 14．考查动词。句意：通过运动，我们彼此联结、产生共鸣、互相鼓舞，哪怕不说同一种语言，也没有相同的背景。A. connect联结；B. construct建造；C. attract吸引；D. urge敦促。根据下文“relate, and inspire each other”可知，运动让人们相互联结。 15．考查动词。句意：同上。A. receiving接收；B. establishing建立；C. organizing组织；D. sharing分享。根据上文“without speaking the same language”可知，即便大家背景各不相同，依然可以共享跑马拉松的体验。 Passage 3 Besides her strong professional skills, the diving gold medal winner Quan Hongchan does have an unusual personality, which attracts the 1 of people around the country. At the 19th World Championships (锦标赛), Quan Hongchan was 2 by Chen Yuxi by 0.3 points. She made major mistakes, but still did not lose the audience’s 3 for her. It is believed that she will return to be the king. In the mixed all-around final, Zhang Jiaqi was temporarily (临时) replaced. Quan Hongchan took the place of her, 4 the 10-meter platform and the 3-meter board. However, with the first jump of Quan Hongchan, the doubts before the competition were 5 . Quan Hongchan is 6 born for diving. She is the one that not only has good 7 , but also trains so hard off the sports 8 . From her challenge to the 3-meter board, you can see the results of her 9 trainings. In addition to 10 skills, Quan Hongchan has a particularly 11 feature, that is, she won’t be influenced by the surrounding environment, and her 12 on the game is great. Now, Quan Hongchan has become a world champion, which led to her 13 . Facing the camera, she was a “funny girl”. Perhaps this is her nature (天性). She is a child who is very 14 , simple, and talkative. She is the 15 of our Chinese people. 1．A．exploration B．improvement C．confidence D．attention 2．A．forgot B．supported C．defeated D．ruined 3．A．aid B．responsibility C．wisdom D．affection 4．A．challenging B．exchanging C．organizing D．leaving 5．A．strengthened B．controlled C．gone D．made 6．A．publicly B．truly C．directly D．hardly 7．A．system B．character C．gift D．luck 8．A．campus B．field C．path D．street 9．A．simple B．different C．unique D．continuous 10．A．excellent B．strange C．traditional D．empty 11．A．uncertain B．invaluable C．unfamiliar D．informal 12．A．focus B．purpose C．experiment D．description 13．A．prize B．survival C．popularity D．view 14．A．silent B．lovely C．strict D．shy 15．A．pride B．name C．enemy D．project 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文介绍跳水运动员全红婵，她天赋出众、训练刻苦，赛场专注力强，性格可爱率真，是国人的骄傲。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：除了过硬的专业能力，跳水金牌得主全红婵确实有着与众不同的性格，吸引了全国人民的关注。A. exploration探索；B. improvement改善；C. confidence信心；D. attention注意力，关注。根据前文“Besides her strong professional skills, the diving gold medal winner Quan Hongchan does have an unusual personality”可知，全红婵出众的能力和独特性格吸引大众目光。 2．考查动词。句意：在第19届世界锦标赛上，全红婵以0.3分之差败给陈芋汐。A. forgot忘记；B. supported支持；C. defeated击败；D. ruined毁坏。根据后文“by 0.3 points. She made major mistakes”可知，全红婵出现重大失误，以微弱分数差被对手击败。 3．考查名词。句意：她出现重大失误，但依旧没有失去观众对她的喜爱。A. aid援助；B. responsibility责任；C. wisdom智慧；D. affection喜爱，钟爱。根据后文“It is believed that she will return to be the king”可知，大家依然相信她能重回巅峰，所以此处指观众对她满怀喜爱。 4．考查动词。句意：全红婵顶替了她，挑战10米跳台和3米跳板项目。A. challenging挑战；B. exchanging交换；C. organizing组织；D. leaving离开。根据第三段“From her challenge to the 3-meter board”以及语境可知，这是她挑战新项目，challenge是原词复现。 5．考查动词。句意：然而，全红婵的第一跳，让赛前的质疑烟消云散。A. strengthened加强；B. controlled控制；C. gone消失；D. made制作。根据前文“However, with the first jump of Quan Hongchan”并结合她之前惜败陈芋汐可知，转折词表明她的精彩一跳打消了大家赛前的怀疑，gone符合语境。 6．考查副词。句意：全红婵真的是天生为跳水而生。A. publicly公开地；B. truly真正地；C. directly直接地；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文“She is the one that not only has good , but also trains so hard”可知，后文夸赞她天赋好且刻苦训练，印证她确实天生适合跳水。 7．考查名词。句意：她不仅拥有很好的天赋，还在赛场之外刻苦训练。A. system系统；B. character性格；C. gift天赋；D. luck运气。根据前文“Quan Hongchan is ____ born for diving”可知，前文说她天生适合跳水，即她有跳水的天赋。 8．考查名词。句意：她不仅拥有很好的天赋，还在赛场之外刻苦训练。A. campus校园；B. field场地；C. path小路；D. street街道。根据前文“but also trains so hard off the sports”以及语境可知，此处指在赛场之外刻苦训练，固定搭配off the sports field“赛场之外”。 9．考查形容词。句意：从她挑战3米跳板这件事，你能看到持续训练带来的成果。A. simple简单的；B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. continuous持续的。根据前文“trains so hard off the sports ”可知，此处指她一直坚持刻苦训练。 10．考查形容词。句意：除了精湛的技术，全红婵还有一个特别宝贵的特质，那就是她不会被周围环境影响，比赛专注力很强。A. excellent优秀的；B. strange奇怪的；C. traditional传统的；D. empty空的。根据前文“Besides her strong professional skills”以及语境可知，strong和excellent语义相近，指代出色的跳水技术。 11．考查形容词。句意：除了精湛的技术，全红婵还有一个特别宝贵的特质，那就是她不会被周围环境影响，比赛专注力很强。A. uncertain不确定的；B. invaluable极宝贵的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. informal非正式的。根据后文“that is, she won’t be influenced by the surrounding environment”可知，不受外界干扰是运动员非常珍贵的特质。 12．考查名词。句意：除了精湛的技术，全红婵还有一个特别宝贵的特质，那就是她不会被周围环境影响，比赛专注力很强。A. focus专注；B. purpose目的；C. experiment实验；D. description描述。根据前文“she won’t be influenced by the surrounding environment”可知，不受外界打扰代表比赛时注意力集中。 13．考查名词。句意：如今全红婵已经成为世界冠军，这让她收获了很高的人气。A. prize奖品；B. survival生存；C. popularity人气，受欢迎；D. view观点。根据前文“Quan Hongchan has become a world champion”以及后文“Facing the camera”可知，全红婵成为世界冠军后，受到大众关注，收获人气。 14．考查形容词。句意：她是一个十分可爱、单纯、健谈的孩子。A. silent沉默的；B. lovely可爱的；C. strict严格的；D. shy害羞的。根据后文“simple, and talkative”以及前文“she was a “funny girl””可知，funny、simple、talkative都是形容她讨喜可爱，lovely符合语境。 15．考查名词。句意：她是我们中国人的骄傲。A. pride骄傲；B. name名字；C. enemy敌人；D. project项目。根据前文“Now, Quan Hongchan has become a world champion”可知，身为世界冠军，她是国人的骄傲。 话题4艺术灵感与创新（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·云南大理·阶段检测）Fio Silva is a talented muralist (壁画家) from Buenos Aires, Argentina. She lives in a common neighborhood of the city. She is good at painting beautiful murals with bright colors, bringing new life to ordinary city walls. Much of her inspiration comes from 1 . She has devoted nearly ten years to outdoor wall painting and gained high praise from local citizens. As Silva explains, “I think the idea that 2 me the most is that of movement and strength. I like painting 3 , especially birds, in a creative way. I try to make something that attracts people’s 4 not only for its colors or size. It is also something that can ‘be 5 ’ and tells you something.” Silva says that she took up her job almost 6 . “I began painting murals because a friend 7 me some spray cans (喷漆罐) for my birthday. And with that, I went to paint on the street for the first time, totally out of 8 . People in my neighborhood 9 gave up their walls to let me paint and there I fell in love with painting in the 10 space.” Silva is particularly careful with the 11 that she chooses to include in an artwork. As certain colors will 12 her feelings, producing a power that can transport the viewers from the 13 city surroundings into the quiet natural world. She often spends hours mixing different paint to get ideal tones before starting creation. City murals are wonderful public art that makes 14 life more beautiful. It is really exciting to see young artists keep their passion and use their skills to 15 the whole city. 1．A．science B．nature​ C．fashion​ D．book 2．A．moves B．worries C．frightens D．inspires 3．A．insects B．animals C．landscapes D．plants 4．A．talent B．respect C．attention D．wealth 5．A．read B．written C．bought​ D．taught 6．A．by design B．by chance​ C．on earth D．on purpose 7．A．lent​ B．passed​ C．sold​ D．sent 8．A．sight B．duty C．curiosity​ D．reach 9．A．warmly B．hopelessly C．strictly D．tiredly 10．A．narrow​ B．green C．public​ D．digital 11．A．brushes B．lines C．items D．colors 12．A．express B．receive C．hurt D．control 13．A．messy B．pretty​ C．noisy D．big 14．A．simple B．urban C．country D．healthy 15．A．turn up​ B．warm up​ C．carry out​ D．take out 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了阿根廷壁画家席尔瓦受自然启发创作壁画，偶然走上街头绘画之路，注重用色彩传递力量，将观众带入自然，其艺术点亮城市，令人振奋。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：她的大部分灵感来自自然。A. science科学；B. nature自然；C. fashion时尚；D. book 书。结合后文“I like painting ________, especially birds, in a creative way.”可知，她喜欢画动物，尤其是鸟类，说明灵感源于自然。 2．考查动词。句意：正如席尔瓦所解释的那样：“我认为对我影响最大的理念是关于运动与力量的这一理念。”A. moves移动；B. worries担心；C. frightens使害怕；D. inspires激励；赋予灵感。前文“Much of her inspiration”讲创作灵感，以及下文“the most is that of movement and strength”可知，此处指理念带来启发。 3．考查名词。句意：我喜欢以富有创意的方式绘画动物，尤其是鸟类。A. insects昆虫；B. animals动物；C. landscapes风景；D. plants植物。根据后文“especially birds”可知，作者喜欢画动物。 4．考查名词。句意：我试图创作出一些作品，它们吸引人们的注意，并非仅仅是因为其颜色或大小。A. talent天赋；B. respect尊重；C. attention注意力；D. wealth财富。根据后文“not only for its colors or size”可知，作品能吸引人们的注意，并非仅仅是因为其颜色或大小。 5．考查动词。句意：这也是一种可以“被解读”的内容，它能告诉你某些信息。A. read阅读，理解；B. written写；C. bought购买；D. taught教。根据后文“and tells you something”可知，作品传递思想，可被观众理解读懂。 6．考查介词短语。句意：席尔瓦说，她从事这份工作完全是出于偶然。A. by design故意地；B. by chance偶然地；C. on earth究竟；D. on purpose故意地。根据后文“I went to paint on the street for the first time, totally out of_________”讲述作者偶然接触壁画的经历，因此是偶然开始了这份职业。 7．考查动词。句意：我开始画壁画是因为一位朋友在我生日时送了我一些喷漆罐。A. lent借出；B. passed传递；C. sold售卖；D. sent送。根据后文“me some spray cans for my birthday”可知，表明是生日礼物，因此是送。 8．考查名词。句意：就这样，我第一次走上街头画画，完全是出于好奇的缘故。A. sight视力；B. duty责任；C. curiosity好奇；D. reach伸手可及的距离。根据上文“And with that, I went to paint on the street for the first time”可知，作者第一次走上街头画画，完全是出于好奇的缘故。 9．考查副词。句意：我所在社区的居民们纷纷热情地把自己的墙让出来，让我在他们的院子里作画，就这样，我开始在公共空间里爱上绘画了。A. warmly热情地；B. hopelessly绝望地；C. strictly严格地；D. tiredly疲惫地。根据后文“gave up their walls to let me paint and I fell in love with painting”可知，她爱上街头绘画，说明邻居十分友好热心。 10．考查形容词。句意：我所在社区的居民们纷纷把自己的墙让出来，让我在他们的院子里作画，就这样，我开始在公共空间里爱上绘画了。A. narrow狭窄的；B. green绿色的；C. public公共的；D. digital数字的。根据上文“gave up their walls to let me paint”可知，街头墙壁属于公共空间。 11．考查名词。句意：席尔瓦在选择作品中的色彩时尤为谨慎。A. brushes刷子；B. lines线条；C. items物品；D. colors色彩。后文“as certain colors”明确提及色彩，此处指席尔瓦在选择作品中的色彩时尤为谨慎。 12．考查动词。句意：因为某些特定的色彩能够表达她想要表达的内容，产生一种力量，能够将观众从喧闹的城市环境带入到安静的自然世界之中。A. express表达；B. receive收到；C. hurt受伤；D. control控制。根据后文“her feelings, producing a power”可知，色彩能增强表达效果，传递更强的力量。 13．考查形容词。句意同上。A. messy凌乱的；B. pretty漂亮的；C. noisy嘈杂的；喧闹的；D. big大的。根据后文“into the quiet natural world”可知，此处对比安静的自然世界，说明城市环境的喧嚣。 14．考查形容词。句意：城市壁画是美妙的公共艺术，让都市生活更加美好。A. simple简单的；B. urban城市的；C. country农村的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“producing a power that can transport the viewers from the ________city surroundings into the quiet natural world”可知，此处讲述精美的艺术作品使得城市生活更美好。 15．考查动词短语。句意：看到艺术家们满怀热情，用他们的才华使整个城市焕发生机，真是令人振奋。A. turn up出现；B. warm up热身；C. carry out实施；D. take out取出。根据前文“young artists keep their passion and use their skills”可知，艺术家满怀热情的用壁画美化城市，让整个城市焕发生机。warm up此处表示“使活跃，焕发生机”，符合语境。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·云南昆明·开学考试）Artist David Nott takes tufting (簇绒) to a whole new level, turning the traditional carpet-making technique into eye-catching wall art. 1 by abstract patterns and rich colors, he uses a tufting gun to 2 excellent art that adds a playful touch to any home. Nott starts by 3 his pieces in Adobe Illustrator, where he 4 his patterns before bringing them to life. With a tufting gun in hand, he carefully turned his 5 ideas into art that just begs to be 6 . To finish off each piece, Nott 7 uses a variety of tools to fine-tune the soft curves (曲线) and lines. He says, “The sculpting part of the 8 is my favorite. That’s where I can really dig into the precision 9 of the medium.” Nott’s pieces can take anywhere from 70 to over 100 hours to finish, with his more complicated works requiring more tasks to 10 . Each piece is a true labor of love, but Nott is no stranger to precise 11 . Before getting into tufting, he 12 his artistic skills, mastering the art of 13 long before he picked up the tufting gun. Nott has 14 a steady following on websites for his colorful creations. His work has even caught the 15 of famous brands. 1．A．Depressed B．Impressed C．Shocked D．Inspired 2．A．handle B．create C．affect D．investigate 3．A．designing B．promoting C．collecting D．distributing 4．A．talks about B．maps out C．makes up D．shows off 5．A．positive B．cautious C．digital D．temporary 6．A．touched B．found C．balanced D．approached 7．A．casually B．purposely C．carefully D．awkwardly 8．A．project B．process C．advance D．schedule 9．A．lesson B．form C．aspect D．case 10．A．imagine B．complete C．select D．instruct 11．A．techniques B．solutions C．standards D．directions 12．A．hid B．admitted C．developed D．discovered 13．A．picture B．figure C．innovation D．precision 14．A．gained B．rejected C．changed D．remembered 15．A．introduction B．connection C．devotion D．attention 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艺术家David Nott将簇绒这一传统地毯制作技术提升到全新水平，创作出引人注目的墙面艺术作品，他通过精心设计和细致的雕刻，使每件作品都独具魅力，赢得了众多粉丝和知名品牌的关注。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受抽象图案和丰富色彩的启发，他用簇绒枪创作出优秀的艺术作品，为任何家庭增添了趣味。A. Depressed使沮丧；B. Impressed使印象深刻；C. Shocked使震惊；D. Inspired启发，激励。根据上文“Artist David Nott takes tufting (簇绒) to a whole new level, turning the traditional carpet-making technique into eye-catching wall art.”和下文“by abstract patterns and rich colors”可知，此处指受抽象图案和丰富色彩的启发。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. handle处理；B. create创造；C. affect影响；D. investigate调查。根据上文“he uses a tufting gun”和下文“excellent art”可知，此处指创作艺术作品。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nott首先在Adobe Illustrator中设计他的作品，在那里他规划好图案，然后让它们栩栩如生。A. designing设计；B. promoting促进；C. collecting收集；D. distributing分发。根据下文“in Adobe Illustrator”可知，此处指在Adobe Illustrator软件中设计作品。故选A。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. talks about谈论；B. maps out规划；C. makes up组成；D. shows off炫耀。根据下文“his patterns before bringing them to life”可知，此处指在Adobe Illustrator软件中规划好图案，然后再创作。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他手里拿着簇绒枪，小心翼翼地将自己的数字创意变成了一件渴望被触碰的艺术品。A. positive积极的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. digital数字的；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文“in Adobe Illustrator”可知，图案是在Adobe Illustrator中设计的，所以是数字创意。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. touched触碰；B. found发现；C. balanced平衡；D. approached接近。根据上文“art that just begs to be”及常识可知簇绒作品柔软立体，所以是指艺术品渴望被触摸。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了完成每一件作品，Nott会仔细地使用各种工具来微调柔软的曲线和线条。A. casually随意地；B. purposely故意地；C. carefully仔细地；D. awkwardly笨拙地。根据下文“uses a variety of tools to fine-tune the soft curves (曲线) and lines”可知，此处指仔细地使用各种工具来微调作品。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：创作过程中的造型部分是我最喜欢的。A. project项目；B. process过程；C. advance进步；D. schedule日程。根据上文“The sculpting part ”可知，此处指Nott最喜欢的部分的整个创作过程。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里我可以真正深入研究这种媒介的精确方面。A. lesson课；B. form形式；C. aspect方面；D. case情况。根据上文“The sculpting part of the ____ is my favorite. That’s where I can really dig into the precision”和下文“of the medium”可知，此处指媒介的精确方面。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nott的作品可能需要70到100多个小时才能完成，而他更复杂的作品需要更多的任务来完成。A. imagine想象；B. complete完成；C. select选择；D. instruct指导。根据上文“with his more complicated works requiring more tasks to”可知，此处指更复杂的作品需要更多的任务来完成。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一件作品都是真正的爱心之作，但Nott对精确的技术并不陌生。A. techniques技术；B. solutions解决方案；C. standards标准；D. directions方向。根据下文“Before getting into tufting, he ____ his artistic skills”可知，此处指Nott熟悉精确的技术。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接触簇绒之前，他发展了自己的艺术技能，早在拿起簇绒枪之前就掌握了精确的艺术。A. hid隐藏；B. admitted承认；C. developed发展；D. discovered发现。根据下文“his artistic skills”可知，此处指在接触簇绒之前发展艺术技能。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. picture图片；B. figure数字；C. innovation创新；D. precision精确。根据上文“That’s where I can really dig into the precision”和“I can really dig into the precision”可知，此处指对精确的艺术的掌握。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nott因其丰富多彩的创作在网络上获得了稳定的粉丝群。A. gained获得；B. rejected拒绝；C. changed改变；D. remembered记得。根据下文“a steady following on websites for his colorful creations”可知，Nott的网络创作获得粉丝的认可。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的作品甚至引起了著名品牌的关注。A. introduction介绍；B. connection连接；C. devotion奉献；D. attention注意。根据上文“Nott has ____ a steady following on websites for his colorful creations.”和“famous brands”可知，作品不止引起粉丝认可，还引起了著名品牌的关注，catch the attention of“引起……的注意”。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·广东广州·阶段检测）At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable. Most people would 1 there. But for Linda, these scenes are invitations to discover 2 beauty. She advises us to 3 closer and slower and to see each image as a world in itself — a well-ordered 4 created by nature and captured by her large-format camera. Linda often shoots from the 5 , sitting in the grass, sometimes with her dogs beside her. This low 6 gives an animal-eye view of scenes just a foot or two high, connecting her to the earth and the plant life she is 7 . Her focus on lines and geometric (几何形状) in nature creates 8 connections: tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel (平行) to a plant. “I find beauty in all of nature,” Linda says. “Even weeds and dead branches have something 9 .” Linda’s journey as a photographer was 10 by her grandmother, who would 11 in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape. Her grandmother’s simple 12 to “look” set Linda on her path. “How long does it take to see something?” asked one of Linda’s fans. Her work is part of the answer. It encourages us to observe the world 13 , and to become alive to our 14 . In a fast-paced world, Linda reminds us that 15 is all around us, waiting to be discovered if we just spend time looking for it. 1．A．wander B．settle C．stop D．appear 2．A．imaginary B．clear C．distant D．hidden 3．A．look B．live C．shut D．plan 4．A．process B．composition C．system D．schedule 5．A．sky B．ocean C．ground D．downtown 6．A．consumption B．price C．speed D．perspective 7．A．painting B．collecting C．photographing D．studying 8．A．subjective B．casual C．temporary D．visual 9．A．grand B．attractive C．ancient D．powerful 10．A．inspired B．designed C．required D．consulted 11．A．remain calm B．come alive C．go wrong D．keep still 12．A．response B．solution C．invitation D．access 13．A．patiently B．frequently C．quietly D．eagerly 14．A．conditions B．surroundings C．backgrounds D．organizations 15．A．truth B．kindness C．peace D．beauty 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文围绕摄影师琳达的创作理念展开，讲述她善于从杂草、枯叶等看似平凡的自然场景中发现隐藏的美。琳达以贴近地面的拍摄视角，捕捉自然中的线条与几何美感，而她的摄影之路源于祖母“用心观察”的启发。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人只会就此停留。A. wander徘徊，漫步；B. settle定居，解决；C. stop停止；D. appear出现。根据上文“At first glance, a mess of weeds and a pile of dying leaves might seem unremarkable”可知，大多数人看到不起眼的场景会止步不前，不会深入观察。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对琳达而言，这些场景却是发现隐藏之美的邀请。A. imaginary想象的；B. clear清晰的；C. distant遥远的；D. hidden隐藏的。转折词“But”引出 Linda 的视角，根据下文 “see each image as a world in itself”和结尾 “waiting to be discovered”可知，杂草枯叶的美是隐藏的，需要主动发现。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议我们靠近、放慢节奏，将每个画面都视作一个独立的世界——一个由大自然创造、并被她的大幅相机捕捉下来的井然有序的构图。A. look看；B. live生活；C. shut关闭；D. plan计划。根据下文“see each image as a world in itself”和 “captured by her large-format camera”可知，Linda 建议更近、更慢地观察，才能发现美。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她建议我们靠近、放慢节奏，将每个画面都视作一个独立的世界——一个由大自然创造、并被她的大幅相机捕捉下来的井然有序的构图。A. process过程；B. composition构图；C. system系统；D. schedule时间表。根据下文“created by nature and captured by her large-format camera.”可知，此处指自然场景的构图，即画面的布局搭配。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达常常从地面拍摄，坐在草地上，有时身边伴着她的狗。A. sky天空；B. ocean海洋；C. ground地面；D. downtown市中心。根据下文“sitting in the grass”和 “a foot or two high”可知，坐在草地上拍摄，说明是从地面角度拍摄。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种低角度视角呈现出仅一两英尺高的场景，如同动物眼中的世界，让她与大地以及正在拍摄的植物紧密相连。A. consumption消费；B. price价格；C. speed速度；D. perspective视角。根据下文“an animal-eye view”可知，这里说的是视角。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种低角度视角呈现出仅一两英尺高的场景，如同动物眼中的世界，让她与大地以及正在拍摄的植物紧密相连。A. painting绘画；B. collecting收集；C. photographing拍摄；D. studying学习。全文围绕Linda的身份“photographer”（摄影师）展开，根据上文“captured by her large-format camera”可知，她专注于拍摄的植物生命。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她专注于自然中的线条与几何形状，创造出视觉上的关联：细小的花朵构成眼睛的形状，或是一根掉落的树枝与一株植物平行。A. subjective主观的；B. casual随意的；C. temporary暂时的；D. visual视觉的。根据下文“tiny blooms forming an eye, or a fallen branch parallel to a plant”可知，小花组成眼睛形状，或掉落的树枝与植物平行，这些是视觉上的关联，通过眼睛可直接观察到。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便是杂草和枯枝，也有其吸引人之处。A. grand宏大的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. ancient古老的；D. powerful强大的。根据上文“I find beauty in all of nature”可知，此处承接上文 Linda 对杂草、枯叶的关注，说明即使是杂草和枯枝也有吸引人的地方，即隐藏的美。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：琳达的摄影之旅受到了祖母的启发，她的祖母常会静静地坐在厨房窗前，眺望窗外的风景。A. inspired启发，激励；B. designed设计；C. required要求；D. consulted咨询。根据下文“Her grandmother’s simple ___12___ to “look” set Linda on her path.”可知，Linda的摄影之旅是被祖母启发的。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：琳达的摄影之旅受到了祖母的启发，她的祖母常会静静地坐在厨房窗前，眺望窗外的风景。A. remain calm保持冷静；B. come alive变得活跃；C. go wrong出错；D. keep still保持静止。根据下文“in front of the kitchen window, looking out into the landscape.”可知，眺望风景时需要保持静止，才能专注观察。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：祖母那句简单的“去观察”的邀请，让琳达踏上了摄影之路。A. response回应；B. solution解决方案；C. invitation邀请；D. access通道。上文“these scenes are invitations to discover ___2___ beauty”与此处形成呼应，祖母观察的建议，本质是一种邀请，鼓励 Linda 去发现美。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它鼓励我们耐心地观察世界，对周围环境保持敏锐感知。A. patiently耐心地；B. frequently频繁地；C. quietly安静地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据上文“How long does it take to see something?”和“___3___closer and slower”可知，发现美需要耐心地观察，而非匆忙。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它鼓励我们耐心地观察世界，对周围环境保持敏锐感知。A. conditions条件；B. surroundings周围环境；C. backgrounds背景；D. organizations组织。全文围绕“观察自然场景”展开，Linda的作品鼓励人们关注身边的世界。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个快节奏的世界里，琳达提醒我们：美无处不在，只要我们肯花时间去寻找，便能发现它的踪迹。A. truth真相；B. kindness善良；C. peace和平；D. beauty美。根据上文“these scenes are invitations to discover ___2___ beauty”和“I find beauty in all of nature”可知，此处是信息词beauty的词汇复现。故选D。 话题5生物奥秘的探索与发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期中）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 1 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 2 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 3 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 4 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 5 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 6 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 7 the transformation. But Jo was not 8 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 9 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 10 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 11 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 12 about nature. Although butterflies do not 13 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 14 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 15 our understanding of the natural world. 1．A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 2．A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 3．A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 4．A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 5．A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 6．A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 7．A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 8．A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 9．A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 10．A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 11．A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 12．A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 13．A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 14．A．space B．speed C．age D．size 15．A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了乔永井通过实验发现蝴蝶记忆可遗传的科学故事。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：然而，Jo Nagai选择在自己家里饲养凤蝶幼虫。A. hesitated犹豫；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. chose选择。根据前文“most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons”以及“however”可知，大多数孩子玩乐，转折后说明他选择养幼虫。 2．考查形容词。句意：童年时的好奇心很快就变成了一个震惊全世界科学家的科学突破。A. medical医学的；B. scientific科学的；C. technological技术的；D. geological地质的。根据后文“astonished scientists worldwide”可知，Jo Nagai的发现震惊了全世界的科学家，说明这是一个科学突破。 3．考查动词。句意：他训练幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来。A. trained训练；B. killed杀死；C. counted数；D. followed跟随。根据后文“to connect a particular scent with an unpleasant experience”可知，Jo Nagai让幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来，这是对幼虫的训练。 4．考查动词。句意：幼虫变成蝴蝶后，他又对它们进行了测试。A. crashed碰撞；B. divided分开；C. transformed转变；D. looked看。根据后文“into butterflies”可知，幼虫变成了蝴蝶，transform into为固定短语，意为“转变成”。 5．考查动词。句意：科学家们一直认为，在毛毛虫发生巨大变化的过程中，记忆会消失，因为毛毛虫会在蛹中分解并重建自己。A. rebuilds重建；B. introduces介绍；C. protects保护；D. recycles回收。根据前文“when a caterpillar literally breaks down”可知，毛毛虫会在蛹中分解，然后重建自己。 6．考查名词。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味。A. regret后悔；B. surprise惊讶；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，这与科学家们的预期相反，因此令他们惊讶。 7．考查动词。句意：不知何故，它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。A. promoted促进；B. delayed延迟；C. arranged安排；D. survived幸存。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，说明它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。 8．考查形容词。句意：但Jo并不满足于这一发现。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. satisfied满足的；C. strict严格的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“He decided to push his research further.”可知，Jo决定进一步推进他的研究，说明他对这一发现并不满足。 9．考查动词。句意：Jo重复了这个实验，并检查了第二代。A. repeated重复；B. published出版；C. standardized使标准化；D. funded资助。根据后文“the experiment and examined the second generation”可知，想要继续研究、观察后代，需要重复实验。 10．考查动词。句意：他想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。A. produce生产；B. remove移除；C. avoid避开；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，Jo想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。 11．考查动词短语。句意：结果很清楚：学到的反应已经传给了下一代。A. held back阻碍；B. given out分发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. passed down传下来。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，后代拥有相同反应，说明结果发现蝴蝶学到的反应已经传给了下一代。 12．考查形容词。句意：这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西。A. peaceful和平的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. touching感人的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西，即蝴蝶虽然不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。 13．考查副词。句意：虽然蝴蝶不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。A. intentionally故意地；B. secretly秘密地；C. successfully成功地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据后文“teach their young like human parents do”可知，人类父母会有意地教导后代，而蝴蝶则不会。 14．考查名词。句意：Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现没有年龄限制。A. space空间；B. speed速度；C. age年龄；D. size尺寸。根据后文“even a young student can challenge established beliefs”可知，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，说明科学发现没有年龄限制。 15．考查动词。句意：只要有耐心、创造力和仔细的观察，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，扩大我们对自然世界的理解。A. block阻止；B. reflect反映；C. assess评估；D. expand扩大。根据后文“our understanding of the natural world”可知，Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现可以扩大我们对自然世界的理解。 Passage 2 （2026·上海·二模）A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the 1 evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle a long-standing debate among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts previously 2 their cognitive (认知) abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time-related information, the researchers built a(n) 3 designed maze (迷宫) where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct 4 clues: one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these 5 circles, they found sweet, preferred food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the 6 flash, which was consistently linked to the sweet food. To 7 the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based 8 on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are 9 using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli—flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment — to solve tasks flexibly is truly 10 . “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the 11 of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can 12 between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms (神经机制) behind bees’ 13 ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to 14 time duration faster than others. The findings 15 the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new insights into how animals perceive time. 1．A．direct B．first C．concrete D．physical 2．A．developed B．possessed C．demonstrated D．underestimated 3．A．abstractly B．carefully C．complexly D．conventionally 4．A．visual B．verbal C．potential D．important 5．A．dark B．wide C．complete D．respective 6．A．short B．bright C．sudden D．complete 7．A．allow for B．look into C．rule out D．open up 8．A．typically B．simply C．specially D．purposefully 9．A．actually B．accidentally C．maximumly D．casually 10．A．unique B．doubtful C．remarkable D．measurable 11．A．fees B．rates C．costs D．losses 12．A．shift B．range C．alternate D．distinguish 13．A．food-seeking B．time-setting C．time-judging D．food-processing 14．A．assess B．reduce C．invest D．combine 15．A．convey B．develop C．explore D．challenge 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】研究发现大黄蜂可凭借闪光时长辨别信号、指导觅食，拥有判断时间的认知能力，颠覆了蜜蜂仅靠本能行事的传统认知。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：据伦敦玛丽女王大学的伊丽莎白·韦尔萨奇博士称，这是昆虫具备这种能力的首个证据。A. direct直接的；B. first首次的；C. concrete具体的；D. physical身体的。前文提到一项新研究发现大黄蜂能处理闪光时长并借此觅食，后文提及此前科学界长期存在争议，说明这是首次发现昆虫有该能力。 2．考查动词。句意：韦尔萨奇告诉美国有线电视新闻网，这一发现有望平息科学界长期以来关于昆虫能否处理复杂模式的争论，因为许多专家此前低估了它们的认知能力。A. developed发展；B. possessed拥有；C. demonstrated展示；D. underestimated低估。由后文“In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility”人们曾认为昆虫只是简单的反射机器、毫无灵活性可知，专家以往低估了昆虫认知水平。 3．考查副词。句意：为验证猜想并证明蜜蜂能够处理与时间相关的信息，研究人员搭建了一个精心设计的迷宫，大黄蜂离开巢穴觅食时会在其中穿行。A. abstractly抽象地；B. carefully精心地；C. complexly复杂地；D. conventionally传统地。根据后文“designed maze (迷宫)where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food”可知，实验用的迷宫是科研人员为实验专门精心设计的。 4．考查形容词。句意：在迷宫中，研究人员向蜜蜂展示了两种截然不同的视觉线索：一个圆圈短暂闪烁0.5秒，另一个闪烁时长更长，为5秒。A. visual视觉的；B. verbal言语的；C. potential潜在的；D. important重要的。根据后文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds”可知，闪光圆圈属于视觉上的信号线索。 5．考查形容词。句意：当蜜蜂靠近这些各自对应的圆圈时，它们会在其中一处找到喜爱的甜食，在另一处吃到不想要的苦味食物。A. dark黑暗的；B. wide宽阔的；C. complete完整的；D. respective各自的。根据上文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds.”可知，此处指两个不同时长、各自对应的闪光圆圈。 6．考查形容词。句意：尽管在迷宫的不同区域，这些圆圈的位置有所变化，但随着时间的推移，蜜蜂逐渐学会了朝着“短暂的闪光”方向飞行，而这种短暂的闪光总是与美味的食物相关联。A. short短的；B. bright明亮的；C. sudden突然的；D. complete完整的。前文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds.”给出0.5秒短闪光和5秒长闪光两组对比，蜜蜂记住短闪光对应美食。 7．考查动词短语。句意：为排除蜜蜂依靠看见或闻到甜食的可能性，韦尔萨奇及其团队随后在完全不放置食物的情况下测试蜜蜂的行为。A. allow for考虑到；B. look into调查；C. rule out排除；D. open up开启。根据后文“the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all”可知，科研人员做无食物测试是为排除其他干扰因素。 8．考查副词。句意：他们发现蜜蜂仍然能够仅仅依据闪光时长区分圆圈，而非依靠颜色、形状等其他潜在线索。A. typically典型地；B. simply仅仅；C. specially特别地；D. purposefully有意地。根据后文“on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape”指实验证明蜜蜂只凭借闪光时长判断，无其他辅助线索。 9．考查副词。句意：“这表明蜜蜂实际上是利用闪光之间的时差来决定寻找食物的方向的。”她说道。A. actually实际上；B. accidentally意外地；C. maximumly最大程度地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices”可知，实验结果证实蜜蜂确实依靠时间差做选择，actually表实际情况。 10．考查形容词。句意：韦尔萨奇指出，蜜蜂能够利用这种在自然环境中从未接触过的新奇闪光刺激灵活完成任务，这一点着实令人瞩目。A. unique独特的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. remarkable显著的、引人瞩目的；D. measurable可测量的。根据上文“flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to solve tasks flexibly”可知，昆虫具备这种特殊认知能力是很了不起、值得关注的。 11．考查名词。句意：这一发现合乎情理，因为蜜蜂觅食时必须合理把控时间，以求收益最大化，并减少归巢的损失。A. fees费用；B. rates比率；C. costs成本；D. losses损失。根据上文“as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the”可知，蜜蜂高效把控觅食时间可降低归巢途中的损耗与损失。 12．考查动词。句意：该研究还发现，大黄蜂与人类、鸽子等少数动物一样，能够区分短闪光和长闪光，人类也凭借这项技能解读摩尔斯电码，长短信号代表不同字母。A. shift转移；B. range涵盖；C. alternate交替；D. distinguish区分。根据后文“between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code”可知，大黄蜂能够区分短闪光和长闪光，人类也凭借这项技能解读摩尔斯电码，distinguish between为固定搭配，意为区分两者。 13．考查形容词。句意：尽管蜜蜂这种判断时间的能力背后的神经机制尚不清楚，但该团队计划在未来研究中进一步探究。A. food-seeking觅食的；B. time-setting定时的；C. time-judging判时的；D. food-processing食物处理的。根据上文“using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices”以及全文核心是蜜蜂判断闪光时长、感知时间的能力。 14．考查动词。句意：他们还计划研究群居而非独居的蜜蜂，并探究为何有些蜜蜂能更快学会评估时间长短。A. assess评估、判断；B. reduce减少；C. invest投资；D. combine结合。根据后文“time duration faster than others”可知，此处指蜜蜂学习判断、评估时间时长。 15．考查动词。句意：这些研究结果挑战了长久以来认为蜜蜂只是受本能驱使的机器这一观点。A. convey传达；B. develop发展；C. explore探索；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines”以及新研究证明蜜蜂有复杂认知，颠覆了以往固有看法，即挑战旧观点。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·福建莆田·期末）The relationship between humans and animals has evolved far beyond mere companionship, encompassing ecological, therapeutic, and even existential dimensions. While dogs are often 1 for their unwavering loyalty, recent studies reveal that their cognitive abilities rival those of primates in certain aspects, such as 2 problem-solving and emotional intelligence. When wildlife biologist Dr. James encountered a severely 3 wolf during an expedition, he faced an ethical dilemma. Intervention could disrupt natural selection, yet 4 the animal contradicted his moral principles. After administering emergency care, he was astonished when the wolf, instead of fleeing, exhibited 5 behavior—observing him from a distance for weeks, as if studying human nature. This phenomenon, termed “reciprocal curiosity,” challenges the traditional 6 of predator-prey dynamics. Beyond individual bonds, animal-assisted therapy has gained 7 in clinical settings. Patients with PTSD who interact with trained dogs demonstrate 8 cortisol levels and enhanced neural plasticity. However, critics argue that such practices may 9 anthropomorphism, projecting human emotions onto creatures with fundamentally different 10 systems. The ethical debate intensifies regarding working animals. Guide dogs undergo rigorous training to 11 handlers’ mobility, but some activists contend this constitutes exploitation. Conversely, K9 units in disaster zones display astonishing 12 , locating survivors in conditions where technology fails. Their 13 to duty often surpasses human endurance limits. Perhaps the most profound lesson lies in interspecies communication. Marine biologists discovered that dolphins 14 unique whistles when collaborating with fishermen—a cultural transmission previously deemed exclusive to humans. This finding compels us to 15 our anthropocentric worldview and reconsider what truly defines consciousness. 1．A．commended B．compensated C．commissioned D．confronted 2．A．abstract B．instinctive C．innovative D．spatial 3．A．malnourished B．disoriented C．incapacitated D．domesticated 4．A．neglecting B．euthanizing C．rehabilitating D．domesticating 5．A．ambivalent B．aberrant C．contemplative D．submissive 6．A．paradigms B．hypotheses C．doctrines D．phenomena 7．A．momentum B．scrutiny C．backlash D．oblivion 8．A．stabilized B．elevated C．plateaued D．fluctuating 9．A．mitigate B．perpetuate C．simulate D．illuminate 10．A．metabolic B．neural C．sensory D．cognitive 11．A．stabilize B．navigate C．regulate D．simulate 12．A．resilience B．obedience C．vigilance D．endurance 13．A．devotion B．adaptation C．submission D．evolution 14．A．modulate B．emit C．mimic D．suppress 15．A．advocate B．relinquish C．transcend D．scrutinize 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述人与动物关系涉及多维度，其认知能力、辅助疗法等引发伦理讨论，跨物种交流促使人们反思人类中心主义。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然狗经常因其坚定不移的忠诚而受到称赞，但最近的研究表明，它们的认知能力在某些方面可与灵长类动物相媲美，比如空间问题解决能力和情商。A. commended称赞；B. compensated补偿；C. commissioned委托；D. confronted面对。根据下文“for their unwavering loyalty”以及常识可知，狗的忠诚是公认的优点，常因此受到称赞，commended符合语境。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然狗经常因其坚定不移的忠诚而受到称赞，但最近的研究表明，它们的认知能力在某些方面可与灵长类动物相媲美，比如空间问题解决能力和情商。A. abstract抽象的；B. instinctive本能的；C. innovative创新的；D. spatial空间的。根据上文“their cognitive abilities”和下文“problem-solving”可知，空间问题解决是动物认知的重要方面，spatial符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当野生动物生物学家詹姆斯博士在一次探险中遇到一只严重受伤失去能力的狼时，他面临着一个伦理困境。A. malnourished营养不良的；B. disoriented迷失方向的；C. incapacitated失去能力的；D. domesticated驯化的。根据下文“administering emergency care”可知，狼处于需要急救的状态，即失去行动能力，incapacitated符合语境。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：干预可能会破坏自然选择，然而忽视这只动物又违背了他的道德原则。A. neglecting忽视；B. euthanizing安乐死；C. rehabilitating康复；D. domesticating驯化。根据上文“Intervention could disrupt natural selection”以及yet表转折可知，上文提及干预的弊端，此处转折指不干预（忽视）也不符合道德，neglecting符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在进行紧急护理后，他感到惊讶的是，这只狼没有逃跑，反而表现出沉思的行为 —— 在几周内从远处观察他，仿佛在研究人性。A. ambivalent矛盾的；B. aberrant异常的；C. contemplative沉思的；D. submissive顺从的。根据下文“observing him from a distance for weeks, as if studying human nature”可知，狼的行为像在思考研究人的行为，contemplative符合语境。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种被称为“相互好奇心”的现象，挑战了传统的捕食者-猎物动态模式。A. paradigms模式；B. hypotheses假设；C. doctrines教义；D. phenomena现象。根据下文“of predator-prey dynamics”以及语境可知，传统中捕食者与猎物的关系是固定模式，而这种现象对此构成挑战，paradigms符合语境。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了个体间的联系，动物辅助疗法在临床环境中获得了发展势头。A. momentum势头；B. scrutiny审查；C. backlash强烈反对；D. oblivion遗忘。根据下文“Patients with PTSD who interact with trained dogs demonstrate 　8　　cortisol levels and enhanced neural plasticity.”提及疗法对PTSD患者的效果可知，其发展态势良好，momentum符合语境。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与受过训练的狗互动的创伤后应激障碍患者表现出稳定的皮质醇水平和增强的神经可塑性。A. stabilized稳定的；B. elevated升高的；C. plateaued停滞的；D. fluctuating波动的。根据下文“cortisol levels”以及语境可知，皮质醇水平稳定是健康状态的表现，说明疗法有效，stabilized符合语境。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，批评者认为这种做法可能会使拟人化永久存在，将人类情感投射到具有根本不同认知系统的生物身上。A. mitigate减轻；B. perpetuate使永久化；C. simulate模拟；D. illuminate阐明。根据下文“projecting human emotions onto creatures with fundamentally different 　　10　　 systems.”以及语境可知，这里指批评者认为动物辅助疗法会让人持续将动物拟人化，perpetuate符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，批评者认为这种做法可能会使拟人化永久存在，将人类情感投射到具有根本不同认知系统的生物身上。A. metabolic新陈代谢的；B. neural神经的；C. sensory感官的；D. cognitive认知的。根据上文“projecting human emotions onto creatures”以及常识可知，情感投射与认知相关，而动物与人类的认知系统不同，cognitive符合语境。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：导盲犬经过严格训练以帮助主人行动。A. stabilize稳定；B. navigate导航，指引；C. regulate调节；D. simulate模拟。根据上文“Guide dogs”和下文“handlers’ mobility”可知，导盲犬的作用是指引主人行动，navigate符合语境。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，灾区的K9部队展现出惊人的适应力，能在技术失效的情况下找到幸存者。A. resilience适应力，恢复力；B. obedience顺从；C. vigilance警惕；D. endurance耐力。根据下文“locating survivors in conditions where technology fails”可知，在恶劣环境中完成任务体现的是适应力，resilience符合语境。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们对职责的投入常常超过人类的耐力极限。A. devotion投入；B. adaptation适应；C. submission服从；D. evolution进化。根据下文“to duty often surpasses human endurance limits”以及语境可知，K9部队在救灾中表现出对职责的高度投入，devotion符合语境。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海洋生物学家发现，海豚在与渔民合作时会发出独特的口哨声 —— 这种文化传播以前被认为是人类独有的。A. modulate调节；B. emit发出；C. mimic模仿；D. suppress抑制。根据下文“unique whistles when collaborating with fishermen”以及语境可知，这里指口哨声是海豚发出的，emit符合语境。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一发现迫使我们超越以人类为中心的世界观，重新思考真正定义意识的是什么。A. advocate倡导；B. relinquish放弃；C. transcend超越；D. scrutinize仔细检查。根据下文“our anthropocentric worldview”以及语境可知，这里指海豚的行为表明动物也有类似人类的文化传播，这促使人们要超越以人类为中心的世界观，重新定义意识。transcend符合语境。故选C项。 话题6生态保护与可持续发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （2026·云南·三模）Jannat Patloo, a 14-year-old from Srinagar, has been leading cleanup drives on Dal Lake since the age of five. “I was 1 by my father, who has been cleaning the lake 2 for years,” she shared. Her father’s own 3 began when he saw a foreign tourist remove a cigarette 4 in the water. “It made me realise how carelessly we treat a resource that others consider paradise,” he recalled. From that day, he began his mission to protect the Dal’s 5 ecosystem. Following her father’s example, Jannat now spends every Sunday 6 her boat on Dal Lake with gloves on and a net in hand. She removes plastic 7 , bottles, and other waste that accumulate in the water. “It is not just my father who 8 the lake for income, but there are 9 of others whose survival is tied to it,” she explained. She added that if the lake were destroyed, tourists across the world might stop coming altogether. Jannat’s 10 efforts have caught national attention. Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised her on his Mann Ki Baat programme, calling her a 11 for youth-led environmental stewardship. A school in Hyderabad even included a lesson 12 “Jannat’s Jheel” in its curriculum. Jannat hopes the government will deploy modern machines to clean the lake and 13 the polluters. “If I can clean even a little, it’s worth it,” she said softly, her eyes 14 the lake. “Dal is our pride — and our 15 .” 1．A．forced B．inspired C．criticized D．accompanied 2．A．on and off B．in and out C．sooner or later D．more or less 3．A．adventure B．dream C．journey D．life 4．A．sinking B．burning C．melting D．floating 5．A．delicate B．fantastic C．marine D．stable 6．A．repairing B．driving C．riding D．rowing 7．A．leaves B．batteries C．leftovers D．wrappers 8．A．lives on B．focuses on C．builds on D．insists on 9．A．parts B．amounts C．scores D．piles 10．A．desperate B．tireless C．careful D．aggressive 11．A．genius B．stranger C．model D．scholar 12．A．rated B．judged C．signed D．titled 13．A．fine B．reward C．invite D．forgive 14．A．following B．scanning C．holding D．catching 15．A．shame B．mistake C．responsibility D．pleasure 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了一位14岁女孩Jannat Patloo在父亲影响下，长期坚持清理达尔湖的环保故事。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：“是父亲鼓舞了我，多年来他断断续续一直在清理这片湖泊。”她分享道。A. forced被迫；B. inspired启发、鼓舞；C. criticized批评；D. accompanied陪伴。根据上文“has been leading cleanup drives on Dal Lake since the age of five.”和下文“ Following her father’s example”可知，女孩是被父亲的行为感召、启发才参与环保。 2．考查固定短语。句意：“是父亲鼓舞了我，多年来他断断续续一直在清理这片湖泊。”她分享道。A. on and off断断续续、时不时；B. in and out进进出出；C. sooner or later迟早；D. more or less或多或少。根据下文“for years”可知，父亲常年坚持清湖，是长期断断续续开展。 3．考查名词。句意：父亲的环保之路始于一次见闻：他看到一名外国游客把漂在水面的烟头捞了出来。A. adventure冒险；B. dream梦想；C. journey 程、征程；D. life一生。根据下文“From that day, he began his mission to protect the Dal’s ________ ecosystem”可知，父亲从那天起开启保护湖泊的使命，此处指代清理湖泊的环保历程。 4．考查动词。句意：父亲的环保之路始于一次见闻：他看到一名外国游客把漂在水面的烟头捞了出来。A. sinking下沉；B. burning燃烧；C. melting融化；D. floating漂浮。根据上文“cigarette”以及常识可知，烟头扔进水里，会在水面漂浮。 5．考查形容词，句意：从那天起，他开启使命去保护达尔湖脆弱的生态系统。A. delicate脆弱的；B. fantastic极好的；C. marine海洋的；D. stable稳定的。根据下文“She removes plastic ________, bottles, and other waste that accumulate in the water.”可知，湖面遍布塑料垃圾、废弃物，湖泊生态易受垃圾破坏，生态环境脆弱。 6．考查动词。句意：以父亲为榜样，Jannat每周日戴手套、拿渔网，划船穿行在达尔湖上。A. repairing修理；B. driving驾驶（机动车）；C. riding骑行；D. rowing划（船）。根据上文“her boat on Dal Lake”可知，此处指在湖面用桨划船。 7．考查名词。句意：她捞起水里堆积的塑料包装袋、瓶子和其他废弃物。A. leaves树叶；B. batteries电池；C. leftovers剩饭；D. wrappers包装袋。根据下文“bottles, and other waste that accumulate in the water.”可知，塑料包装物是湖面常见垃圾。 8．考查动词短语。句意：她解释：“不光父亲依靠湖泊谋生，还有许许多多当地人的生计都和这片湖紧密相连。”A. lives on靠……为生；B. focuses on专注于；C. builds on以……为基础；D. insists on坚持。根据下文“whose survival is tied to it”可知，当地人的生存和湖泊息息相关，说明依靠湖泊生活。 9．考查名词。句意：她解释：“不光父亲依靠湖泊谋生，还有许许多多当地人的生计都和这片湖紧密相连。” A. parts部分；B. amounts大量（修饰不可数名词）；C. scores许多，scores of 许许多多（修饰可数名词复数）；D. piles成堆。根据下文“others”可知，此处指还有许许多多当地人。scores of 为固定搭配，表示“大量、许多”。 10．考查形容词。句意：Jannat日复一日不知疲倦的环保行动受到全国关注。A. desperate绝望的；B. tireless不知疲倦的；C. careful细心的；D. aggressive激进的。根据上文“since the age of five”和“spends every Sunday”可知，Jannat Patloo清理湖泊，从小长年坚持，是不知疲倦的付出。 11．考查名词。句意：印度总理纳伦德拉・莫迪在《心灵寄语》节目中对她提出表扬，称她是青少年投身环保管护的榜样。A. genius天才；B. stranger陌生人；C. model榜样；D. scholar学者。根据上文“Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised her”可知，受官方夸赞是青年榜样。 12．考查动词。句意：海德拉巴一所学校甚至把一篇题为《Jannat的湖泊》的课文编入校本课程。A. rated评级；B. judged评判；C. signed签字；D. titled标题为、取名。根据下文“Jannat’s Jheel”可知，这是课程课文名称，title sth + 名称，表示“命名、题为”。 13．考查动词。句意：Jannat希望政府能配备现代化清洁设备治理湖泊，同时对污染者处以罚款。A. fine处以罚款；B. reward奖励；C. invite邀请；D. forgive原谅。根据下文“polluters”可知，治理污染举措是处罚违规排污人员。 14．考查动词。句意：她目光望向整片湖面，轻声说道：“哪怕我只能清理一点点垃圾，一切就都值得。”。A. following跟随；B. scanning扫视、凝望；C. holding握住；D. catching抓住。根据上文“her eyes”可知，此处指眼神望向、打量达尔湖。 15．考查名词。句意：达尔湖是我们的骄傲，更是我们肩头的责任。A. shame羞愧；B. mistake错误；C. responsibility责任；D. pleasure乐趣。全文女孩多年主动清理湖泊、呼吁治理污染，体现守护湖泊是当地人的责任。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·江苏南京·期中）Growing up in Mauritius, I loved nature. Behind my house stands a mountain named Le Pouce, on which I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2   at the water’s edge. Despite living on an island 3 by the Indian Ocean, I was 4 by the mere thought of entering the ocean. When I was about 10, this started to change. I learned about the 5 climate change posed to island countries and developed an interest in environmental protection. Later, I took National Geographic’s courses, which set me on a path to helping start The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to ocean 6 and protection. 7 , I realized humans depend on the ocean and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. Determined to 8 my fear, I stepped outside my comfort zone and became a(n) 9 diver last year. After getting my diving qualification, I helped run a summer camp and led a beach cleanup. I got encouraged by the 10 of the cleanup when a parent told me her son 11 replacing plastic items with bamboo alternatives after returning home. 12 the ship crash that spilled (溢出) over 1,000 metric tons of fuel into our coral reef, I joined thousands of volunteers to 13 the spill. Collective action made a difference and revealed the power of working together. Change takes time, but we must protect the ocean every day, not just during crises. Photos on social media are our best tools to shift 14 . Protecting the ocean is very 15 and I’ll keep devoting myself to it. I sincerely hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings. 1．A．extending B．constructing C．protecting D．exploring 2．A．stopped B．stretched C．sustained D．unfolded 3．A．buried B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4．A．astonished B．fascinated C．scared D．convinced 5．A．obstacle B．threat C．opportunity D．progress 6．A．confidence B．recognition C．appreciation D．awareness 7．A．Gradually B．Initially C．Consequently D．Subsequently 8．A．acknowledge B．ignore C．overcome D．calculate 9．A．experienced B．qualified C．committed D．advanced 10．A．finance B．frequency C．harmony D．influence 11．A．depended on B．reflected on C．insisted on D．concentrated on 12．A．In memory of B．In view of C．In charge of D．In favour of 13．A．release B．contain C．compare D．cause 14．A．manners B．behaviours C．positions D．attitudes 15．A．crucial B．influential C．beneficial D．universal 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】作者从小热爱山林却惧怕海洋，后来觉醒海洋保护意识，克服恐惧投身公益，坚守守护海洋的初心。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：在我家屋后有一座名为Le Pouce的山，小时候，我大部分时间都在这座山上探索森林。A. extending延伸；B. constructing建造；C. protecting保护；D. exploring探索。根据下文“my instinct (天性) for exploration”可知，作者天性爱探索，儿时常在山林里探索游玩。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，我探索的天性在海边就止步不前了。A. stopped停止，止步；B. stretched伸展；C. sustained维持；D. unfolded展开。根据上文“I spent much time ____ the forest as a kid. ”和表示转折的however可知，作者探索的念头就此停下。 3．考查动词。句意：尽管我生活在一个被印度洋环绕的岛屿上，但一想到要进入大海，我还是感到非常害怕。A. buried掩埋；B. surrounded环绕；C. covered覆盖；D. represented代表。结合常识和原文“living on an island”可知，岛屿四周被海洋环绕包围。 4．考查形容词。句意：同上。A. astonished震惊的；B. fascinated着迷的；C. scared害怕的；D. convinced信服的。根据后文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及后文克服恐惧的内容可知，作者从前很害怕大海。 5．考查名词。句意：我了解到气候变化对岛国构成的威胁，并由此对环境保护产生了浓厚的兴趣。A. obstacle障碍；B. threat威胁；C. opportunity机遇；D. progress进步。根据下文“climate change posed to island countries and developed an interest in environmental protection.”可知，气候变暖会危害海岛生存，是重大安全威胁。 6．考查名词。句意：后来，我参加了《国家地理》的课程，这使我走上了创办The Oceanic Project组织的道路，这是一个致力于提升海洋认知与海洋保护的公益组织。A. confidence自信；B. recognition认可；C. appreciation欣赏；D. awareness意识，认知。根据后文“and protection.”可知，该组织主打提升大众海洋保护意识。 7．考查副词。句意：渐渐地，我意识到人类离不开海洋，海洋也没有想象中危险。A. Gradually渐渐地；B. Initially起初；C. Consequently因此；D. Subsequently随后。根据上文“Later, I took National Geographic’s courses, which set me on a path to helping start The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to ocean ____ and protection.”可知，通过学习和加入公益组织，作者的观念逐步发生改变。 8．考查动词。句意：决心要克服自己的恐惧之后，我走出舒适区，去年终于成为一名合格的潜水员了。A. acknowledge承认；B. ignore忽视；C. overcome克服；D. calculate计算。根据上文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”和下文“I stepped outside my comfort zone”可知，此处下定决心战胜、克服这份恐惧。 9．考查形容词。句意：同上。A. experienced经验丰富的；B. qualified合格的，持证的；C. committed尽责的；D. advanced高阶的。根据后文“After getting my diving qualification”可知，作者考取证书，成为合格潜水员。 10．考查名词。句意：当一位家长告诉我，她儿子回家后坚持要用竹制品来替代塑料制品时，这种清理行动所产生的影响让我深受鼓舞。A. finance资金；B. frequency频率；C. harmony和谐；D. influence影响。根据后文“when a parent told me her son ____ replacing plastic items with bamboo alternatives after returning home.”可知，公益活动产生了良好的带动作用、正向影响。 11．考查动词短语。句意：同上。A. depended on依靠；B. reflected on反思；C. insisted on坚持；D. concentrated on专注于。根据上文“I got encouraged”并结合环保行动语境，孩子受到活动熏陶，主动坚持践行绿色环保做法。 12．考查介词短语。句意：鉴于一艘轮船失事，上千吨燃油泄漏污染珊瑚礁，我和数千名志愿者一同参与行动，管控清理燃油泄漏污染。A. In memory of纪念；B. In view of鉴于，由于；C. In charge of负责；D. In favour of支持。突发的海洋污染事故是作者参与志愿救援的原因。 13．考查动词。句意：同上。A. release释放；B. contain管控，遏制清理；C. compare对比；D. cause引发。根据上文“spilled (溢出) over 1,000 metric tons of fuel into our coral reef”可知，此处指志愿者合力处理、管控污染物，治理污染。 14．考查名词。句意：社交媒体上的实拍照片，是我们转变大众环保态度的最佳工具。A. manners礼仪；B. behaviours行为；C. positions立场；D. attitudes态度。根据上文“Photos on social media are our best tools to shift”可知，此处指实景照片能够感化大众，扭转大家对海洋环保的漠视态度。 15．考查形容词。句意：守护海洋至关重要，我会一直为之全力以赴。A. crucial至关重要的；B. influential有影响力的；C. beneficial有益的；D. universal普遍的。根据上文“I realized humans depend on the ocean”可知，保护海洋是至关重要的。 Passage 3 （2026·四川成都·二模）Ognjen Krnetié is a ranger (护林员) in the protected area of the Gradac River Gorge (峡谷) and a member of the Gradac Environmental Society. He has spent decades making sure that Gradac 1   that way. He grew up in a family that protected nature before it even became a profession. This family tradition of responsible use of nature and 2 forest and water led Ognjen to the job he does today — he is the man who makes sure the Gradac River will keep 3 for his children to enjoy. In recent years, Gradac has fallen victim to its own 4 . When more and more people began to 5 nature escapes near cities, the gorge has experienced the entry of 6 into its protected areas: unauthorized camping fires started where it is 7 , and swimming spots crowded with bathers. Despite all 8 , the local community remains 9 to the vision of keeping Gradac clean and lifeful. The project “Natural Measures for Ecological Gradac” is part of the community’s effort to 10 the various challenges the river faces with smart, nature-based solutions. For Ognjen Krnetié and local residents living near Gradac, each of these 11 is more than typical nature conservation — it is a way to 12 a part of their identity and family tradition. It is also a(n) 13 for the children who run along the shores of Gradac today to bring their own 14 to the same river tomorrow, under the same willow trees, and 15 say, “You know you can drink the water straight from the river here.” 1．A．works B．forms C．stays D．stretches 2．A．getting on with B．making use of C．keeping contact with D．taking care of 3．A．clean B．quiet C．calm D．colourful 4．A．pollution B．responsibilities C．popularity D．location 5．A．avoid B．seek C．permit D．change 6．A．visitors B．animals C．opponents D．victims 7．A．admired B．prohibited C．expected D．ignored 8．A．disasters B．efforts C．difficulties D．possibilities 9．A．addicted B．opposed C．exposed D．committed 10．A．address B．analyze C．create D．record 11．A．challenges B．measures C．traditions D．barriers 12．A．preserve B．illustrate C．integrate D．adapt 13．A．routine B．opportunity C．alternative D．way 14．A．workmates B．parents C．friends D．children 15．A．willingly B．gently C．proudly D．simply 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了护林员Ognjen Krnetić和当地社区为保护Gradac河峡谷生态环境所做的努力，这对他们而言也是传承身份与家族传统的方式。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他花了几十年时间确保Gradac河峡谷保持原样。A. works工作；B. forms形成；C. stays保持；D. stretches伸展。根据前文“Ognjen Krnetié is a ranger (护林员) in the protected area of the Gradac River Gorge (峡谷)”和“He has spent decades making sure”可知，Ognjen Krnetić是护林员，所以一直在确保这片区域“保持”原来的状态。故选C项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种负责任地利用自然、爱护森林和水资源的家族传统，让Ognjen走上了如今的工作岗位——他要确保Gradac河保持清澈，供他的孩子们享用。A. getting on with与……相处；B. making use of利用；C. keeping contact with与……保持联系；D. taking care of照顾，爱护。根据前文“He grew up in a family that protected nature”和“This family tradition of responsible use of nature”可推知，Ognjen Krnetié一家在保护自然，有着“爱护”森林和水资源的传统。故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种负责任地利用自然、爱护森林和水资源的家族传统，让Ognjen走上了如今的工作岗位——他要确保Gradac河保持清澈，供他的孩子们享用。A. clean干净的，清澈的；B. quiet安静的；C. calm平静的；D. colourful多彩的。根据后文“for his children to enjoy”和文章最后“say, “You know you can drink the water straight from the river here.””可知，这里是要确保河水保持清澈“干净”，才能供孩子们享用。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近年来，Gradac河峡谷成了自身受欢迎的“受害者”。A. pollution污染；B. responsibilities责任；C. popularity受欢迎，名气；D. location位置。根据后文“When more and more people began to ________ nature escapes near cities”可知，越来越多的人前来，说明这里变得“受欢迎”，而这也带来了问题。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当越来越多的人开始在城市附近寻找自然去处时，峡谷的保护区出现了不速之客：未经许可的露营、在禁止区域生火，以及挤满游泳者的游泳点。A. avoid避免；B. seek寻找；C. permit允许；D. change改变。根据后文“nature escapes near cities”可知，人们是在“寻找”城市附近的自然去处。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当越来越多的人开始在城市附近寻找自然去处时，峡谷的保护区出现了不速之客：未经许可的露营、在禁止区域生火，以及挤满游泳者的游泳点。A. visitors游客；B. animals动物；C. opponents反对者；D. victims受害者。根据前文“When more and more people began to ________ nature escapes near cities”和后文“unauthorized camping, fires started where it is ________, and swimming spots crowded with bathers”可知，这些都是前来的“游客”带来的问题。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当越来越多的人开始在城市附近寻找自然去处时，峡谷的保护区出现了不速之客：未经许可的露营、在禁止区域生火，以及挤满游泳者的游泳点。A. admired受赞赏的；B. prohibited被禁止的；C. expected预期的；D. ignored被忽视的。根据前文“unauthorized camping”以及“fires started where it is”可推知，这些人在未经许可的地方露营，在“禁止”生火的地方生火。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临所有这些困难，当地社区仍然致力于保持Gradac河峡谷干净、充满生机的愿景。A. disasters灾难；B. efforts努力；C. difficulties困难；D. possibilities可能性。根据前文提到的“unauthorized camping, fires started where it is ________, and swimming spots crowded with bathers”可知，这些都是当地面临的“困难”。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临所有这些困难，当地社区仍然致力于保持Gradac河峡谷干净、充满生机的愿景。A. addicted上瘾的；B. opposed反对的；C. exposed暴露的；D. committed坚定的，致力于。根据前文“Despite”和后文“to the vision of keeping Gradac clean and lifeful. The project “Natural Measures for Ecological Gradac” is part of the community’s effort”可知，前后文有转折关系，尽管面临诸多困难，但社区仍“致力于”保持河峡谷的愿景，并采取了实际行动；be committed to意为“致力于”。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Gradac河生态自然措施”项目是社区努力的一部分，旨在用聪明的、基于自然的解决方案应对河流面临的各种挑战。A. address处理，应对；B. analyze分析；C. create创造；D. record记录。根据前文“The project “Natural Measures for Ecological Gradac” is part of the community’s effort”和后文“the various challenges the river faces with smart, nature-based solutions”可知，Gradac河生态自然措施项目是为了“应对”挑战。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于Ognjen Krnetić和住在Gradac河附近的当地居民来说，这些措施中的每一项都不仅仅是典型的自然保护——这是一种保存他们身份和家族传统一部分的方式。A. challenges挑战；B. measures措施；C. traditions传统；D. barriers障碍。根据前文“The project “Natural Measures for Ecological Gradac” is part of the community’s effort”和“with smart, nature-based solutions”可知，这里指这些保护“措施”。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于Ognjen Krnetić和住在Gradac河附近的当地居民来说，这些措施中的每一项都不仅仅是典型的自然保护——这是一种保存他们身份和家族传统一部分的方式。A. preserve保存，保留；B. illustrate说明；C. integrate整合；D. adapt适应。根据后文“a part of their identity and family tradition”可知，这些措施也是“保存”身份和家族传统的方式。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个机会，让如今沿着Gradac河岸边奔跑的孩子们，将来能带着自己的孩子来到同一条河，在同样的柳树下，自豪地说：“你知道吗，这里的河水可以直接喝。”A. routine常规；B. opportunity机会；C. alternative选择；D. way方式。根据后文“for the children who run along the shores of Gradac today to bring their own ________ to the same river tomorrow”可知，这是给今天的孩子们的一个传承的“机会”，让他们以后能带着自己的孩子来到同一条河。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个机会，让如今沿着Gradac河岸边奔跑的孩子们，将来能带着自己的孩子来到同一条河，在同样的柳树下，自豪地说：“你知道吗，这里的河水可以直接喝。”A. workmates同事；B. parents父母；C. friends朋友；D. children孩子。根据前文“bring their own”可知，这里指今天的孩子们长大后带着自己的“孩子”来。故选D项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个机会，让如今沿着Gradac河岸边奔跑的孩子们，将来能带着自己的孩子来到同一条河，在同样的柳树下，自豪地说：“你知道吗，这里的河水可以直接喝。”A. willingly愿意地；B. gently温柔地；C. proudly自豪地；D. simply简单地。根据前文“say, “You know you can drink the water straight from the river here.””可知，能拥有这样干净的河水，值得在自己孩子面前“自豪地”炫耀。故选C项。 该语篇以世界杯足球赛事这一全球性体育情境为背景，通过实力差距明显的球队之间的比赛，展现了体育竞技中的拼搏精神、团队合作和尊重对手的价值理念。文本不仅要求学生理解比赛过程和人物情感变化，还引导学生认识体育精神超越胜负本身的意义，培养积极向上的价值观和抗挫能力。同时，该语篇融合体育文化、国际交流和社会价值教育等内容，体现英语学习与真实世界的连接，有助于提升学生的跨文化理解能力、批判性思维和综合素养。 【新情境】（26-27高三上·重庆·开学考试）Reporters worldwide spoke highly of a thrilling World Cup match between defending champion Argentina and Cape Verde (佛得角). Few people had 1 that the tiny island nation would stage such an amazing surprise in the knockout (淘汰赛) stage. Before the match, data showed Argentina held an overwhelming 2 , with an 89 percent winning probability. Most fans firmly believed Argentina would easily defeat the 3 team and advance smoothly. The game, however, went totally beyond expectations. Messi gave Argentina an early 4 in the 29th minute, seemingly securing an easy win. However, Cape Verde’s players never 5 . With solid teamwork and strict strategy, they 6 so much energy on the field that Cape Verde equalized twice, pushing the strong champion into extra time. Their goalkeeper made$