考前押题03 阅读七选五（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期外研版

考前押题 03 阅读七选五 话题1 幽默的力量 话题2 逆境中的坚持与成长（常考点） 话题3 体育拼搏精神（常考点） 话题4 艺术灵感与创新 话题5 生物奥秘的探索与发现（难点） 话题6 生态保护与可持续发展（难点） ① 先通读全文，抓文章主线和段落逻辑；再根据空格前后内容，利用词语复现、代词指代、逻辑关系和句式衔接确定答案，最后通读检查。 ② 核心：通读全文抓主线 → 联系前后看逻辑 → 词语复现找对应 → 代入全文验证。 话题1 幽默的力量（共3篇） Passage 1 （2026·广东汕头·三模）People favor humor, as it lights up daily moments, eases awkwardness and makes every interaction warm and enjoyable. This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online. 1 Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge. 2 For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand. 3 Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts. Additionally, humor humanizes scientists, as seen in popular science lectures where light-hearted jokes help audiences feel closer to researchers. 4 The hidden risks deserve our attention. If the content itself is untrue, humor can even replace facts, leading the audience to form wrong opinions about scientific knowledge just based on the amusing posts they see. Overusing sarcasm or negative humor also has the opposite effect, as it will quickly make scientists lose the public’s trust and damage their credibility. Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness. 5 Scientists who master this balance can effectively narrow the divide with the public, making science more welcoming and popular. A．Overuse harms professionalism. B．It also boosts audience engagement effectively. C．It helps break the impression of scientists being cold and distant. D．A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect. E．Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though. F．It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people. G．It is believed humor needs to be used with great care in such communication. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．A 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了幽默助力科普，可简化知识、增进互动，但使用不当易误导大众。科普要兼顾趣味与严谨，适度巧用幽默。 【详解】1．前文“This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online.( 幽默的这种魔力不仅在日常生活中有效，在科学领域（尤其是在网络上）也同样如此。)”引出“幽默在科学领域（尤其是线上）同样闪耀”的核心话题，后文分点阐述幽默在科学传播中的具体好处。本空需要一个承上启下的总起句，概括幽默对科学传播的整体作用。D选项“A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect.( 一点幽默就能极大地提升科学家的沟通效果。)”起到承上启下的作用，上下文语意连贯。 2．上文“Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge.( 首先，幽默能简化复杂的科学知识。)”本段第一个分论点是“幽默简化艰深的科学知识”，后文“For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand.( 例如，用一个关于“机器像笨拙的学步儿童一样学习”的有趣类比来解释自动驾驶汽车中的人工智能，能让非专业人士更容易理解抽象的概念。)”用“用笨拙学步儿童类比自动驾驶 AI”的例子支撑。本空是对分论点的同义转述和补充说明，F选项“It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people.( 它有助于使复杂的概念为普通人所理解。)”中“complex concepts understandable”与“simplifies tough scientific knowledge”完全对应，同时引出下文举例。 3．前文“For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand.( 例如，用一个关于“机器像笨拙的学步儿童一样学习”的有趣类比来解释自动驾驶汽车中的人工智能，能让非专业人士更容易理解抽象的概念。)”讲完第一个好处，后文“Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts.( 科学家在社交媒体上分享关于实验室实验的聪明幽默故事，往往比枯燥的学术帖子吸引更多的互动。)”提到“幽默的实验室故事比干巴巴的学术帖子吸引更多互动”，这是幽默的第二个核心好处。B选项“It also boosts audience engagement effectively.( 同时还能有效地提高观众的参与度。)”用 “also”自然过渡，“boosts audience engagement” 与后文“attract more interactions”形成精准对应。 4．前两段全在讲幽默的积极作用，以及下文“The hidden risks deserve our attention.( 隐藏的风险值得我们关注。)”突然转向“隐藏的风险值得关注”。本空需要一个强转折句，完成从 “利”到“弊”的逻辑切换，E选项“Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though.( 幽默在科学交流中是一把双刃剑。)”中“double-edged sword（双刃剑）” 完美概括了幽默既有好处也有风险的特点。 5．上文“Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness.( 恰当的幽默运用需要在生动表达和专业精准之间取得平衡。它既不能掩盖核心的科学信息，也不能过于浅显以至于失去严肃性。)”讲的是恰当的幽默需要注意的事项，空处反向说明过度使用幽默带来的不良影响。A选项“Overuse harms professionalism.( 过度使用会损害专业形象。)”起到承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。 Passage 2 （2026高三下·山西·学业考试）Laughter is a natural antidote (解药)to stress. When our bodies undergo stress, our nervous system gets activated and starts physical reactions such as a quickening pulse, rapid breathing, muscle tension, dilated pupils and trembling. 1 . When we laugh, our hearts, lungs, and muscles are stimulated, and the endorphins, which are “feel good” chemicals released in our brains, increase. Laughing can also help relax muscles, increase circulation, and decrease heart rate. Regular laughter can have a long-term impact on mood, helping to reduce anxiety and depression. Laughter has proven to have a stress-relieving impact. 2 . Sharing a laugh with others promotes our relationship with others and offers a sense of belonging and association. Humor also allows us to enhance our coping mechanisms. Through humor, you can see the challenges and even realize lightness and perspective, even in difficult moments. 3 . Start by finding humor in your everyday life. Observe your daily life and appreciate the absurdities (荒谬)that occur throughout the day. It could also be useful to catch those funny moments by using them to remind you of the lighter side of life. Hug the world of humor by consuming humorous content such as comedy shows, movies, and/or specials that make you laugh. Reading humorous books, comics, or blogs can also provide a regular amount of laughter. Social media is also filled with humor. 4 , so explore different kinds of media that make you happy. Laughter is contagious (有感染性的), so surround yourself with funny people to incorporate more humor in your life. Socialize with friends who have a good sense of humor and enjoy sharing jokes and funny stories. 5 . A．Laughter offers a variety of benefits B．Humorous content can come in many forms C．It plays a significant role in social bonding too D．Bringing more humor into your daily life is easy E．Laughing helps by overturning the stress process F．You’ll surely benefit from the positive effects of laughter G．One powerful tool for boosting mental well-being is humor 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍笑是缓解压力的天然解药，阐述笑的益处，并给出在日常生活中融入更多幽默、增加笑声的方法。 【详解】1．根据上文“When our bodies undergo stress, our nervous system gets activated and starts physical reactions such as a quickening pulse, rapid breathing, muscle tension, dilated pupils and trembling.(当我们的身体承受压力时，我们的神经系统会被激活，并开始出现身体反应，如脉搏加快、呼吸急促、肌肉紧张、瞳孔扩大和颤抖)”以及下文“When we laugh, our hearts, lungs, and muscles are stimulated, and the endorphins, which are “feel good” chemicals released in our brains, increase.(当我们笑的时候，我们的心脏、肺和肌肉会受到刺激，大脑中释放的“感觉良好”的化学物质——内啡肽会增加)”可知，此处应衔接上文的压力反应，说明笑对缓解压力的作用，E选项“Laughing helps by overturning the stress process(笑通过逆转压力过程来起到帮助作用)”既呼应了上文的压力带来的身体反应，又引出下文笑的具体作用，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据上文“Laughter has proven to have a stress-relieving impact.(事实证明，笑具有缓解压力的作用)”以及下文“Sharing a laugh with others promotes our relationship with others and offers a sense of belonging and association.(与他人分享笑声能促进我们与他人的关系，并提供归属感和联结感)”可知，此处应体现笑除了缓解压力之外的另一个作用——促进社交联结，C选项“It plays a significant role in social bonding too(它在社交联结中也扮演着重要角色)”中的too呼应上文的缓解压力的作用，social bonding与下文的promotes our relationship with others相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据下文“Start by finding humor in your everyday life. Observe your daily life and appreciate the absurdities that occur throughout the day. It could also be useful to catch those funny moments by using them to remind you of the lighter side of life.(从在日常生活中发现幽默开始。观察你的日常生活，欣赏一天中发生的那些荒谬的事情。捕捉那些有趣的时刻，用它们来提醒自己生活中轻松的一面，这也可能很有用)”可知，下文主要介绍了在日常生活中融入幽默的简单方法，此处应是总起句，说明将更多幽默融入日常生活并不难，D选项“Bringing more humor into your daily life is easy(将更多的幽默融入你的日常生活很容易)”引出下文的具体方法，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Hug the world of humor by consuming humorous content such as comedy shows, movies, and/or specials that make you laugh. Reading humorous books, comics, or blogs can also provide a regular amount of laughter. Social media is also filled with humor.(通过观看喜剧节目、电影和/或特别节目等幽默内容来拥抱幽默的世界。阅读幽默书籍、漫画或博客也能定期带来笑声。社交媒体上也充满了幽默)”以及下文“so explore different kinds of media that make you happy.(所以去探索不同种类能让你开心的媒体吧)”可知，上文列举了多种幽默内容的形式，此处应总结幽默内容有多种形式，B选项“Humorous content can come in many forms(幽默内容可以有多种形式)”承接上文的多种幽默形式，引出下文探索不同媒体的建议，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“Laughter is contagious, so surround yourself with funny people to incorporate more humor in your life. Socialize with friends who have a good sense of humor and enjoy sharing jokes and funny stories.(笑是有感染力的，所以让自己身边围绕着有趣的人，在生活中融入更多的幽默。与有幽默感、喜欢分享笑话和有趣故事的朋友交往)”可知，上文建议多和有趣的人交往，此处应说明这样做的好处，F选项“You’ll surely benefit from the positive effects of laughter(你一定会从笑的积极影响中受益)”承接上文的建议，说明其带来的益处，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛·阶段检测）The Benefits of a Sense of Humour Studies have shown that a sense of humour benefits us in many ways, such as improving our mental and physical health and increasing our attractiveness. Being funny is possibly one of the best things we can do for our health. 1 . Sometimes we may feel depressed when exposed to some negative things. And afterwards, it is very likely for us to fall into depression over and over again. However, if we can define a negative event in a humorous way, it will greatly help us get rid of those depressive feelings. 2 . After we hear an interesting joke and then laugh happily, the laughter can help improve our cardiovascular (心血管的) health and lower our heart rates and blood pressure. Apart from improving our health, humour plays a vital role in personal growth. 3 . When faced with obstacles, a humorous individual is more likely to see the funny side of things, thus fostering resilience and adaptability. Humour also helps keep a positive view of life, letting us recover from setbacks. 4 . It breaks down barriers, making it easier for people to connect. A shared joke or a playful remark can create an instant sense of connection, bringing individuals closer together. 5 . A．Humour acts as a natural stress reliever. B．Humour also encourages empathy and understanding, as it helps us see the world from different perspectives, thereby promoting tolerance and acceptance. C．Humour can improve our physical immune (免疫的) system as well. D．People who have a good sense of humour always get on well with their family. E．It encourages creativity and problem-solving skills by allowing us to think outside the box and approach situations with a playful mindset. F．We can almost think of a sense of humour as our mind’s immune system. G．Moreover, humour fosters stronger interpersonal relationships. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了幽默感的诸多益处，包括对身心健康、个人成长以及人际关系等方面的积极影响。 【详解】1．上文“Being funny is possibly one of the best things we can do for our health. (幽默可能是我们能为健康做的最好的事情之一)”指出幽默对健康有益，空处需说明如何有益。F选项“我们几乎可以把幽默感想象成我们心理的免疫系统”解释了幽默对人体健康的保护作用。与此同时，它还引出了下文“Sometimes we may feel depressed when exposed to some negative things (当我们接触到一些消极的事情时，有时可能会感到沮丧)”以及“if we can define a negative event in a humorous way, it will greatly help us get rid of those depressive feelings. (如果我们能用幽默的方式来定义负面事件，这将大大帮助我们摆脱那些抑郁的感觉)”，说明幽默感正如免疫系统一样，能帮助我们有效抵御这些“心理病毒”。故选F。 2．上文“However, if we can define a negative event in a humorous way, it will greatly help us get rid of those depressive feelings. (然而，如果我们能以幽默的方式定义负面事件，这将大大帮助我们摆脱那些抑郁的感觉)”说明幽默对心理情绪的积极影响，下文“After we hear an interesting joke and then laugh happily, the laughter can help improve our cardiovascular (心血管的) health and lower our heart rates and blood pressure. (当我们听到一个有趣的笑话然后开心地笑时，笑可以帮助改善我们的心血管健康，降低我们的心率和血压)”说明幽默对生理健康的作用。C选项“幽默也能改善我们的身体免疫系统”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 3．上文“Apart from improving our health, humour plays a vital role in personal growth. (除了改善我们的健康，幽默在个人成长中也起着至关重要的作用)”引出幽默对个人成长的作用，空处应具体说明。E选项“它通过让我们跳出思维定式，以一种轻松的心态处理问题，从而激发创造力和解决问题的能力”具体阐述了幽默对个人创造力和解决问题能力的积极影响，且与下文“fostering resilience and adaptability (培养韧性和适应能力)”和“helps keep a positive view of life (有助于保持积极的人生观)”共同构成了个人成长的完整画面。故选E。 4．下文“It breaks down barriers, making it easier for people to connect. A shared joke or a playful remark can create an instant sense of connection, bringing individuals closer together. (它打破障碍，让人们更容易建立联系。一个共同的笑话或一句俏皮的评论可以产生一种即时的联系感，使人们更亲密)”说明幽默对人际关系的积极作用，空处应引出这一内容。此外，句首的“It”提示此空里有个可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词。G选项“此外，幽默能促进更牢固的人际关系”引出下文，符合语境。故选G。 5．上文“It breaks down barriers, making it easier for people to connect. A shared joke or a playful remark can create an instant sense of connection, bringing individuals closer together. (它打破障碍，让人们更容易建立联系。一个共同的笑话或一句俏皮的评论可以产生一种即时的联系感，使人们更亲密)”说明幽默促进人际关系的和谐，空处应进一步阐述其在人际关系方面的作用。B选项“幽默还能促进同理心和理解，因为它帮助我们从不同的角度看世界，从而促进宽容和接纳”进一步说明幽默对人际关系中同理心、理解等方面的积极影响，符合语境。故选B。 话题2逆境中的坚持与成长（共3篇） Passage 1 Many people view setbacks as roadblocks that stop their progress, but in reality, they can be powerful fuel for growth. If you often feel stuck after a setback and struggle to move forward, it’s time to examine your mindset and habits. 1 You avoid reflecting on the lessons. Setbacks carry hidden lessons, but a lot of people rush to move on without pausing to learn. 2 Nonetheless, do you take time to analyze what went wrong and what you could do differently? If not, you’re likely to repeat the same mistakes and miss the chance to grow stronger. You let self-doubt take over. It’s natural to feel uncertain after a failure, especially when others question your abilities. For example, you spent weeks preparing for a presentation, but it didn’t go as planned. You’ve told yourself before that you’re capable of growth, but after this failure, you start to believe you’re not good enough. 3 Your confidence fades, but you don’t fight against these negative thoughts. You give up too easily. Without a doubt, perseverance is valuable. 4 Yet giving up at the first sign of difficulty robs you of the chance to build resilience (抗逆力) . Do you abandon goals when you hit a small barrier? Is “I can’t do this” your automatic response? This habit keeps you stuck in failure, rather than letting you use it as a stepping stone. 5 This is a subtle but harmful habit. If you compare your progress to others’ highlights, you’ll discount your own growth and lose motivation. Your struggles are a sign you’re pushing yourself, not a sign of weakness. Your unique path matters. A．You compare your progress to others’. B．You celebrate others’ achievements openly. C．You know that pushing through hardship is the right path. D．Chances are that you know you should reflect after a failure. E．Instead of questioning these beliefs, you accept them as truth. F．But you can use the following four ways to turn setbacks into motivation. G．Be aware of the traps that may keep you from turning setbacks into motivation. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．A 【导语】主要介绍四种阻碍人们将挫折转化为成长动力的思维陷阱与坏习惯，阐释其危害并引导读者改正心态、借力挫折成长。 【详解】1．根据空前的“Many people view setbacks as roadblocks that stop their progress, but in reality, they can be powerful fuel for growth. If you often feel stuck after a setback and struggle to move forward, it’s time to examine your mindset and habits.(很多人把挫折视为阻碍前进的绊脚石，但实际上挫折可以成为成长的强大动力。如果你常常在受挫后停滞不前、难以继续前行，那就该审视自己的心态和习惯了。)”以及下文分段介绍的四种负面思维误区可知，文章首段提出要正视挫折、自查问题，空格处需要总领全文，引出下文所有阻碍成长的错误习惯。G选项“Be aware of the traps that may keep you from turning setbacks into motivation (警惕那些可能阻碍你将挫折转化为动力的陷阱)”承接上文审视自我心态的观点，精准引出下文四个具体的思维陷阱，起到承上启下、统领全篇的作用，逻辑紧密，符合语境。 2．根据空前的“Setbacks carry hidden lessons, but a lot of people rush to move on without pausing to learn.(挫折中暗藏经验教训，但很多人急于翻篇，不愿停下来总结、学习。)” 以及空后的“Nonetheless, do you take time to analyze what went wrong and what you could do differently? If not, you’re likely to repeat the same mistakes and miss the chance to grow stronger.(即便如此，你是否会花时间分析问题、反思改进？如果不会，就容易重蹈覆辙、错失成长机会。)”可知，上下文构成转折关系，强调人们明知该反思却从不反思的普遍问题。D 选项“Chances are that you know you should reflect after a failure (你很可能知道失败过后应该自我反思)”先点明人们普遍具备的正确认知，与后文实际不作为形成强烈反差，完美衔接转折逻辑，贴合本段“拒绝复盘反思”的中心，符合语境。 3．根据空前的“You’ve told yourself before that you’re capable of growth, but after this failure, you start to believe you’re not good enough.(你原本相信自己可以成长进步，但经历失败后，开始认为自己不够优秀。)”以及空后的“Your confidence fades, but you don’t fight against these negative thoughts.(你的自信心逐渐消退，却不会主动对抗这些消极想法。)”可知，空格处需要详细衔接自我怀疑、消极想法扎根内心的过程。E选项“Instead of questioning these beliefs, you accept them as truth (你不去质疑这些消极的想法，反而把它们当成既定事实全盘接受)”详细解释了自信心消退的根本原因，承接前文自我否定的心理，呼应后文任由负面情绪蔓延的状态，逻辑连贯，符合语境。 4．根据空前的“Without a doubt, perseverance is valuable.(毫无疑问，坚持不懈、持之以恒是非常可贵的品质。)”以及空后的“Yet giving up at the first sign of difficulty robs you of the chance to build resilience (抗逆力).(然而一遇到困难就轻言放弃，会让你错失培养抗挫折能力的机会。)”可知，前后存在语义转折，前文肯定坚持的意义，后文批判轻易放弃的行为。C选项“You know that pushing through hardship is the right path (你心里清楚迎难而上、克服困难才是正确的做法)”先点明大众的正确认知，与后文错误的放弃行为形成鲜明对比，突出知行不合一的问题，贴合本段主题，符合语境。 5．分析语篇可知，此处为段落小标题，与前文“You avoid reflecting on the lessons.”以及“You let self-doubt take over.”等小标题句式结构完全一致，均为总结错误习惯的短句。根据空后的“This is a subtle but harmful habit. If you compare your progress to others’ highlights, you’ll discount your own growth and lose motivation.(这是一种隐蔽但有害的习惯。如果你拿自己的进度和他人的高光时刻作比较，就会低估自己的成长、丧失前进动力。)”可知，本段全程围绕与人攀比的不良习惯展开论述。A选项“You compare your progress to others’. (你拿自己的成长进度和他人作比较)”句式工整统一，精准概括本段核心误区，统领整段内容，符合语境。 Passage 2 How to Overcome Challenges When Learning from Failure Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth. 1 This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them. ● Dealing with emotional stress and burnout Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden. 2 The first step in overcoming this challenge is acknowledging these emotions. It’s okay to feel disappointed — but don’t let your failure define you. Instead, view it as a temporary setback, not an endpoint. ● Maintaining focus and vision After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision. 3 ● Continuous learning and skill development The greatest lesson from failure is the opportunity to learn. Develop a growth mindset and invest in continuous learning — attend workshops, read books, or take online courses. 4 Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience. ● Accepting failure as a pathway to success 5 It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success. A．Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher. B．Learning from failure can be complicated. C．To strike this balance, make data-driven decisions. D．Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it. E．You can adapt to changes and avoid the same mistakes. F．You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that. G．Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讨论了如何从失败中学习和克服挑战，给出了具体的建议和方法。 【详解】1．根据前文“Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth.(失败是难以下咽的苦果，不是吗？但是，往往是在最困难的时刻，在失败的灰烬中，我们找到了最大的成长机会)”以及后文“This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them.(本指南将探讨与从失败中学习有关的常见挑战以及如何克服它们)”可知，前文讲述在失败中找到了最大的成长机会，后文讲述本文主要探讨从失败中学习的方法，所以空处应是过渡句，B项“Learning from failure can be complicated.(从失败中学习是很复杂的)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。 2．根据本段小标题“Dealing with emotional stress and burnout(处理情绪压力和倦怠)”以及前文“Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden.(失败往往伴随着沉重的情感负担)”可知，本段主要讲述如何处理情绪压力和倦怠，所以G项“Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout.(不足、压力和恐惧的感觉会很快导致精疲力竭)”是对前文讲述的情感负担的详细说明，符合此处主题。故选G项。 3．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision.(失败之后，你很容易忘记自己最初的愿景。但保持对长期目标的关注是至关重要的。退后一步，反思你的愿景，并相应地重新安排你的策略。是的，你可能需要调整你的计划或时间表，但不要让失败毁了你的整体愿景)”可知，本段主要讲述了即使失败了也不要放弃原本的目标，改变策略继续前进，所以F项“You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that.(你开始这段旅程是有原因的——坚持下去)”符合本段主题，是对前文的总结。故选F项。 4．根据后文“Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience.(分析你的错误，吸取教训，并利用这些见解来完善你的策略。每经历一次失败，你都会有更多的经验)”可知，此处是在讲述从失败中学习，所以A项“Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher.(不要忘记，失败本身就是一位老师)”符合此处主题，引出下文。故选A项。 5．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success.(这只不过是成功路上的一个弯路。它为增长和创新提供了无与伦比的机会。用正确的心态来应对这些挑战，你就能把挫折变成反击，把失败变成通往成功的垫脚石)”可知，本段讲述了失败是通往成功的垫脚石，所以D项“Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it.(失败不是成功的对立面——它是成功的一部分)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 Passage 3 In my latest book, The Success Factor, I outline the four mindsets found in extreme high achievers. Many people wonder what sets top performers apart from ordinary ones. 1 Stay driven from inside I have found that scientists are not driven by such motivators: promotions, diplomas or awards. If they were, those I interviewed would have quit doing science after winning a Nobel Prize. Instead, many leading scientists are still doing research long after they qualify for retirement. 2 They simply love the process of discovery itself. 3 There are always challenges on the way to success. Most people easily give up when facing difficulties. However, the high achievers face them bravely and keep moving forward. Eventually, they fear not trying more than they fear failing. They work hard to “control what they can control”, and they don’t think over issues and challenges that are beyond their control. Keep making progress 4 What worked for them early on in their careers is what they continue with later. The scientists who have won a Nobel Prize are still designing experiments and writing papers to further their careers. They refuse to stand still even with great honors. They stick to their effective methods and keep moving toward higher goals. Keep learning informally Despite their advanced degrees and praise, the high achievers made a point of continuing their learning by reading books, articles and blogs, watching videos and talking to others. They never think they have learned enough and always stay hungry for new knowledge. 5 In this way, they keep their knowledge up-to-date and their creativity fresh. No one aims to be average in life. People want to succeed but often lack the understanding of how to achieve more. So learning from top scientists can guide us in our own life and work. A．Persist and never give up. B．Set up a strong foundation. C．This book provides clear and practical answers. D．High achievers do not rest on their achievements. E．Reading widely is the only way to gain rich knowledge. F．Their inner motivation keeps them devoted to their work. G．They keep updating their knowledge and skills all the time. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．G 【导语】文章主要介绍了顶尖成就者区别于普通人的四种心态：保持内在驱动力、坚持不懈、持续进步、持续非正式学习。 【详解】1．由上文“In my latest book, The Success Factor, I outline the four mindsets found in extreme high achievers. Many people wonder what sets top performers apart from ordinary ones. (在我最新的书《成功因素》中，我概述了极高成就者身上的四种心态。许多人想知道是什么让顶尖表现者区别于普通人。)”可知，本空要说这本书提供了答案，C选项“This book provides clear and practical answers. (这本书提供了清晰而实用的答案。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“This book”指代上文的“The Success Factor”，且该选项中的“clear and practical answers”与上文的“Many people wonder”相呼应，表示回应了人们的疑问，引出下文对四种心态的具体阐述。 2．由上文“I have found that scientists are not driven by such motivators: promotions, diplomas or awards. If they were, those I interviewed would have quit doing science after winning a Nobel Prize. Instead, many leading scientists are still doing research long after they qualify for retirement. (我发现科学家并非由晋升、文凭或奖项等动机驱动。如果是这样，我采访的那些人在获得诺贝尔奖后就会放弃科学研究。相反，许多顶尖科学家在符合退休资格后仍在继续研究。)”以及下文“They simply love the process of discovery itself. (他们只是热爱发现过程本身。)”可知，本空要说内在动机驱使他们投入工作，F选项“Their inner motivation keeps them devoted to their work. (他们的内在动机使他们专注于工作。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Their inner motivation”与上文的“not driven by such motivators: promotions, diplomas or awards”形成对比，表示外在奖励不是驱动力，内在热爱才是，且该选项中的“devoted to their work”与下文的“simply love the process”相呼应，表示内在动机让他们持续投入。 3．由下文“There are always challenges on the way to success. Most people easily give up when facing difficulties. However, the high achievers face them bravely and keep moving forward. (通往成功的路上总有挑战。大多数人面对困难时轻易放弃。然而，高成就者勇敢面对并继续前进。)”可知，本段主要讲坚持不懈、永不放弃，A选项“Persist and never give up. (坚持不懈，永不放弃。)”能引出下文，符合题意，该选项作为小标题，与上下文的“Stay driven from inside”和“Keep making progress”保持一致的祈使句结构，且该选项中的“Persist and never give up”与下文的“face them bravely and keep moving forward”和“fear not trying more than they fear failing”相呼应，表示本段主题是面对困难时的坚持。 4．由下文“What worked for them early on in their careers is what they continue with later. The scientists who have won a Nobel Prize are still designing experiments and writing papers to further their careers. They refuse to stand still even with great honors. (他们在职业生涯后期依然沿用早期行之有效的方法。获得诺贝尔奖的科学家仍在设计实验和撰写论文以推进他们的事业。即使拥有巨大荣誉，他们也不愿停滞不前。)”可知，本空要说高成就者不满足于已有成就，D选项“High achievers do not rest on their achievements. (高成就者不躺在功劳簿上。)”能引出下文，符合题意，该选项中的“do not rest on their achievements”与下文的“still designing experiments and writing papers”和“refuse to stand still even with great honors”相呼应，表示即使取得巨大成就仍继续前进。 5．由上文“Despite their advanced degrees and praise, the high achievers made a point of continuing their learning by reading books, articles and blogs, watching videos and talking to others. They never think they have learned enough and always stay hungry for new knowledge. (尽管拥有高等学位和赞誉，高成就者仍坚持通过阅读书籍、文章和博客，观看视频和与他人交谈来继续学习。他们从不认为自己学得足够多，始终对新知识保持渴望。)”以及下文“In this way, they keep their knowledge up-to-date and their creativity fresh. (通过这种方式，他们保持知识更新和创造力鲜活。)”可知，本空要说他们持续更新知识和技能，G选项“They keep updating their knowledge and skills all the time. (他们一直在更新自己的知识和技能。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“updating their knowledge and skills”与上文的“continuing their learning”和“stay hungry for new knowledge”相呼应，且该选项中的“all the time”与下文的“keep their knowledge up-to-date”相呼应，表示持续学习带来知识更新和创造力保持。 话题3体育拼搏精神（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·四川德阳·期末）Li Jie stood on the courts of the ITF World Tennis Masters Tour MT400 tournament in Beijing’s Changping district, an international event that drew 880 tennis enthusiasts from home and abroad. She wasn’t just watching. She was competing. A year ago, Li Jie could not even deliver a basic overhand serve. The ball would drop at her feet or sail long. Rallies (对打) felt fragile. 1 Designed for players aged 30 and over, the tournament offers seven age groups from 30 all the way to over 70. According to registration data, it showed strong popularity across multiple age groups this year. 2 The 50+, 55+, and 60+ categories, however, showed steady growth, fully demonstrating the rising development of amateur tennis in Beijing and across China. 3 Li teamed up with a female partner of similar age to compete in the 50+ doubles category on the first day. They even faced the second-seeded doubles pair. “I came here not for the win or loss,” Li said. “I just hoped to hit a few good shots.” “I used to just rally back and forth — no matches at all,” she admits. “I only really started playing last year.” 4 The center launched off-peak “open play” sessions: play from 7 am to 4 pm for just under 40 yuan ($5.88). There, Li found her tribe — like-minded partners to practice with and organize friendly matches. That’s when tennis stopped being a casual hobby and became a serious passion. “Work and life are just like playing tennis. 5 What you have to do is get through them either way. On the tennis court, no matter how bad your form is, or how good your opponent is, you still have to face the match. Then you try to win through effort and by making the necessary adjustments,” Li said in the interview. A．Matches were out of the question. B．The game changer came early last year. C．The five-day tournament kicked off on May 13. D．There will always be smooth days and really tough days. E．The daily training program for a match actually stressed her out. F．She kept a balanced diet and stuck to a fixed routine before matches. G．The 30+ and 40+ categories remained the categories with the most participants. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍李杰从零开始学习网球，如今站上国际业余网球赛事赛场参赛的经历，讲述国内中老年业余网球赛事火热发展的现状，并记录李杰从网球中感悟生活道理的故事。 【详解】1．由前文“A year ago, Li Jie could not even deliver a basic overhand serve. The ball would drop at her feet or sail long. Rallies (对打) felt fragile.(一年前，李杰甚至连基础上手发球都发不好。球要么落在她脚边，要么飞出界外。来回对打显得十分勉强。)”可知，前文讲述一年前李杰网球基础极差，连简单对打都困难，本空承接上文，要说明她当时根本谈不上参加比赛。A项表示“参加比赛更是想都别想。”能承接上文内容，符合题意。 2．由前文“According to registration data, it showed strong popularity across multiple age groups this year.(报名数据显示，今年赛事在多个年龄组都人气高涨。)”以及后文“The 50+, 55+, and 60+ categories, however, showed steady growth, fully demonstrating the rising development of amateur tennis in Beijing and across China.(但50岁以上、55岁以上、60岁以上组别参赛人数稳步增长，充分展现出北京乃至全国业余网球运动蓬勃发展的态势。)”可知，前后存在转折对比关系，后文介绍高龄组别人数持续上涨，本空应交代低龄主力组别参赛情况。G项表示“30岁以上和40岁以上组别依旧是参赛人数最多的组别。”能承接上文报名火爆的内容，同时和后文形成转折对比，符合题意。 3．本题在段首，是该段主旨句。由后文“Li teamed up with a female partner of similar age to compete in the 50+ doubles category on the first day. They even faced the second-seeded doubles pair.(李杰和一位年龄相仿的女搭档组队，在首日参加 50 岁以上双人组别赛事。她们甚至遇上了二号种子双打组合。)”可知，后文介绍李杰参加本次网球赛事双打比赛的相关情况，本空总起段落，点明赛事开幕，引出下文参赛情节。C项表示“这场为期五天的赛事于5月13日拉开帷幕。”能总领本段内容，符合题意。 4．由前文“I only really started playing last year.(我去年才真正开始打球。)”以及后文“The center launched off-peak “open play” sessions: play from 7 am to 4 pm for just under 40 yuan ($5.88).(该网球中心推出错峰‘开放畅打’时段：早上7点至下午4点打球，费用不足40元，折合5.88美元。)”可知，前文说明去年才开始打球，后文讲述改变她网球之路的场地优惠活动，本空起到过渡作用，引出改变她网球生活的关键契机。B项表示“转折点出现在去年年初。”能承上启下，符合题意。 5．由前文“Work and life are just like playing tennis.(工作和生活就像打网球。)”以及后文“What you have to do is get through them either way.(无论如何你都必须熬过这些困境。)”可知，前文将生活比作网球，后文阐述要直面困境，本空要说明生活有顺境也有逆境。D项表示“人生总有顺遂的日子，也会有十分难熬的时刻。”能承接上文比喻，引出下文感悟，符合题意。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·甘肃武威·阶段检测）In sports, the main goal is to win. However, achieving this requires more than just physical skills. 1 This spirit not only pushes athletes to work harder, but also fuels their self-belief and encourages them to take opportunities. Here are some effective ways to develop this important quality. ﹒Be supportive. 2 Coaches who offer positive feedback and helpful criticism not only help athletes sharpen their skills but also increase their confidence. Similarly, teammates supporting each other can promote cooperation. This greatly encourages teamwork and improves the overall performance of the whole team. ﹒ 3 It means keeping a balanced and polite manner, regardless of winning or losing. Moreover, teaching athletes to respect their opponents (对手) helps build good character, shape a positive team environment, and improve the sporting experience for everyone involved. ﹒Praise efforts and successes. Praise plays an important role in inspiring athletes. 4 This will show that you appreciate their hard work and drive them to carry on fighting for victory, so they are more likely to devote themselves to their personal and team goals. ﹒Encourage regular competition. Competitive matches are important because they provide athletes with opportunities to challenge themselves. By regularly competing in these contests, athletes can evaluate (评估) their performance under pressure and gain valuable understanding of both their strengths and limits. 5 These strategies help athletes develop a strong competitive spirit that not only enables athletes to focus on their careers but also prepares them for challenges both on and off the field. This mindset bridges the gap between talent and achievement, making it a key element of success for all athletes. A．Teach proper sportsmanship. B．Discover the hidden talents of players. C．A strong competitive spirit is of great importance. D．As a result, their mental toughness can be improved. E．Provide guidance and encouragement when necessary. F．That is why more practice sessions are essential for improvement. G．Be sure to celebrate their victories and improvements when they succeed. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了竞技体育中竞争精神十分重要，并给出四种培养该精神的方法，包括相互支持、秉持体育精神、适时表扬以及多参与竞技比拼。 【详解】1．上文“In sports, the main goal is to win. However, achieving this requires more than just physical skills. (在体育运动中，主要目标是取胜。然而，想要取胜需要的不只是体能技巧)”说明赢得比赛并非只靠身体素质，下文“This spirit not only pushes athletes to work harder, but also fuels their self-belief and encourages them to take opportunities. (这种精神不仅促使运动员更加努力，还能增强自信、鼓励他们把握机遇)”出现指代短语This spirit，设空处需要引出“精神”这一核心话题。C选项“A strong competitive spirit is of great importance.(强大的竞争精神十分重要)”引出竞争精神，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。 2．本段小标题为“Be supportive.(给予支持)”，下文“Coaches who offer positive feedback and helpful criticism not only help athletes sharpen their skills but also increase their confidence. Similarly, teammates supporting each other can promote cooperation. (教练给出积极反馈与中肯建议，不仅能帮助运动员精进技能，还能增强其自信心。同样，队友之间相互支持也能促进协作)”具体阐述了教练和队友该如何给予支持。E选项“Provide guidance and encouragement when necessary.(必要时提供指导与鼓励)”贴合本段主旨，自然衔接下文内容。 3．此处为本段小标题，下文“It means keeping a balanced and polite manner, regardless of winning or losing. Moreover, teaching athletes to respect their opponents (对手) helps build good character, shape a positive team environment, and improve the sporting experience for everyone involved. (它意味着无论输赢都保持平和有礼的态度。此外，教导运动员尊重对手有助于塑造良好品格、营造积极的团队氛围，并提升所有参与者的赛事体验)”围绕赛场风度、尊重对手等体育素养展开。A选项“Teach proper sportsmanship (培养良好体育精神)”概括段落主旨，适合作为小标题。 4．本段小标题为“Praise efforts and successes.(肯定付出与成功)”，上文“Praise plays an important role in inspiring athletes.(表扬对于激励运动员有着重要作用)”点明表扬的意义，下文“This will show that you appreciate their hard work and drive them to carry on fighting for victory, so they are more likely to devote to their personal and team goals. (这会让运动员感受到自己的付出被认可，激励他们继续为胜利拼搏，也会让他们更愿意为个人和团队目标全力以赴)”介绍该做法带来的积极影响。设空处需要填入具体的表扬方式，G选项“Be sure to celebrate their victories and improvements when they succeed.(当他们取得成功与进步时，一定要加以赞许)”承接上下文，逻辑通顺。 5．上文“By regularly competing in these contests, athletes can evaluate (评估) their performance under pressure and gain valuable understanding of both their strengths and limits. (运动员经常参加这类比赛，能够在压力下评估自身表现，也能清楚认识到自己的优势与不足)”说明了常态化参赛的作用。D选项“As a result, their mental toughness can be improved.(久而久之，他们的抗压能力也会得到提升)”承接上文内容，进一步说明定期参赛带来的好处，符合行文逻辑。 Passage 3 （2026·福建厦门·三模）In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. 1 In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn’t just about basketball. It’s about how any group can learn, adapt, and succeed in an age of accelerated change. During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? 2 And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. To identify members of high-performing teams, we had workers rate their team’s effectiveness and industry performance. Those rated highest were called “superteams”. 3 Superteams share three key strengths. Firstly, they get more done by managing time, energy, and attention more efficiently. Secondly, their members actively make one another better. Thirdly, they’re constantly building new skills and improving over time. It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. 4 It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. After its arrival, the team entered a full rebuild, putting long-term progress before instant results. Yet in just four seasons it reached the NBA Finals, in 2012. The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. 5 A．But something remarkable happened. B．They work together towards the same goal. C．Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. D．We found that superteam leaders are more likely to support employees. E．Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. F．To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. G．Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．E 【导语】文章主要介绍了俄克拉荷马城雷霆队从低谷迅速崛起的故事，并由此引出对高效团队成功秘诀的研究与总结。 【详解】1．由上文“In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. (2022年春天，在经历了一个令人沮丧的58负赛季后，俄克拉荷马城雷霆队位列NBA积分榜底部。)”以及下文“In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. (短短三个赛季，它就从底部跃升至联盟顶端。)”可知，本空讲述发生了转折性的变化，A选项“But something remarkable happened. (但引人瞩目的事情发生了。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“But”与上文的低谷形成转折关系，且该选项中的“something remarkable”与下文的“rocketed from the bottom to the top”相呼应，表示情况发生了惊人的逆转。 2．由上文“During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? (过去几年，我和同事们一直在研究一个问题：最优秀的团队有何不同？)”以及下文“And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. (并且我们收集了关于这些团队如何确定优先事项、做出决策和协作的详细数据。)”可知，本空要说研究的具体方法，F选项“To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. (为了找到答案，我们调查了各行各业的6,000多名知识工作者。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“To find out”指代上文的“investigating a question”，且该选项中的“we surveyed”与下文的“we collected”形成并列递进关系，时态上均为一般过去时，表示研究过程的连续动作。 3．由上文“Those rated highest were called ‘superteams’ (评分最高的被称为‘超级团队’)”以及下文“Superteams share three key strengths (超级团队具备三项关键优势)”可知，本空要说超级团队的共性特征，G选项“Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. (在这些超级团队中，高绩效的秘诀看起来非常相似。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“those superteams”指代上文的“superteams”，且该选项中的“looked remarkably similar”与下文的“share three key strengths”相呼应，表示引出对共性优势的总结。 4．由上文“It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. (雷霆队显然已经掌握了最后一项优势。)”以及下文“It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. (这是该组织自2008年迁至俄克拉荷马城以来形成的一种模式的一部分。)”可知，本空要说雷霆队的崛起并非偶然，C选项“Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. (它过去几年的快速崛起并非偶然。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Its”指代上文的“the Thunder”，且该选项中的“not an accident”与下文的“part of a pattern”相呼应，表示这种成功是有规律、有原因的。 5．由上文“The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. (雷霆队的故事提醒我们，成功源于对进步的追求、能发现并解决问题的果断领导者，以及合作良好的积极团队。这些习惯将优秀团队转变为超级团队。)”可知，本空要说这些习惯的普遍适用性，E选项“Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. (任何团队都可以培养这些习惯，无论是在篮球、商业还是其他领域。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“them”指代上文的“the habits”，且该选项中的“Any team”与文章开头“How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn't just about basketball”相呼应，表示从具体案例升华到普遍规律。 话题4艺术灵感与创新（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·广东广州·期末）Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. 1 And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges: those of the eagle, the microscope, the universe. 2 Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. 3 What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter (快门) is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three are in balance, there is visual magic. Photographs bring us a world view unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Images used to be made to please, not to record reality. But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. 4 They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. In this sense, photographers are not only scientists longing to “fix” an image but artistic pioneers. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more accessible. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. 5 A．The same is true with composition. B．Why did photography change people’s vision? C．What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? D．And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. E．Photography helps people discover various hidden secrets. F．Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. G．Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文介绍摄影拓展了人类发现美的视野，剖析构成优秀摄影作品的三大核心要素，阐述摄影颠覆传统美术审美、重塑大众观察视角的艺术变革，点明摄影兼具科学记录与艺术开拓双重价值。 【详解】1．上文“Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. (摄影让我们看见无数从前忽略的美好，栅栏、椅子、蔬果这类平凡事物皆是)”列举了从前不被重视的普通日常事物，下文“And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges (随着科技的发展，摄影师们也探索了全新的领域)”提出摄影师的新探索。G选项“Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. (这类曾经不值得画家落笔的事物，因摄影而被赋予美感与价值)”中 Such items 指代上文栅栏、椅子、蔬果，承接上文平凡事物的例子，衔接下文科技拓展摄影拍摄边界的内容。 2．下文“Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. (摄影依赖光线、构图、瞬间三大要素的融合)”围绕光线、构图、瞬间三大核心展开说明。C选项“What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? (是什么决定一张照片拥有美感？)”以设问引出下文对摄影三大美学要素的完整阐释，总领本段内容，形成问答总分结构。 3．上文“Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. (光线是成像基础，运用得当能让画面出彩)”讲解了光线的作用，下文“What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. (摄影师对画面取舍形成了构图，决定了我们所看到的一切，这一组合至关重要)”介绍了构图。A选项“The same is true with composition. (构图亦是如此)”承接上文对光线的分析，过渡到第二个核心要素。 4．上文“But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. (随着摄影发展，人们摒弃传统绘画规则，追求全新视觉表达)”说明摄影挣脱古典绘画束缚，下文“They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. (它们让世人用全新视角观察世界，各类艺术都从中汲取灵感)”提到全新视角与灵感。F选项“Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. (摄影师开始完整关注真实世界，无论美好与缺憾)”解释摄影师摒弃绘画规则后的创作转向，衔接上下文，下文里代词They指代F选项里的photographers。 5．上文“They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. (它们直观证明了世界远比我们想象的壮阔)”总结摄影带来的视野提升。D选项“And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. (几乎所有事物中都藏着常被忽略的美)”收束全文，呼应首段摄影发掘平凡事物之美的核心主旨。 Passage 2 Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way. 1 ●Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting. 2 Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style. ● 3 This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it’s advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolour, oil painting or acrylic (丙烯酸颜料) or sketch (速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work — figurative (形象的) or abstract. ●Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artists mean can be very difficult. 4 So here’s a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油画布). Still, it doesn’t mean your understanding is the same as the artist’s. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees it. ●Search for Emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. 5 Explore the art work with your eyes. Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with art. A．Know the type of art and medium used. B．Discover your taste and styles. C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you. D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world. E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art. F．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist. G．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主介绍了欣赏艺术的方法。 1．根据下文提出的建议以及文章最后一句“Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with art.(一旦你意识到这些，你就能用艺术打破僵局)”可知，本句是下文的总结句，F选项“The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.(下面的想法可以帮助你加入到你和艺术家之间的对话中)”引出了下文的一些方法，符合语境，故选F。 2．空前说“Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting.(了解艺术家。了解画家是欣赏任何艺术作品的第一步)”，E选项“Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.(对艺术家有所了解有助于对艺术的欣赏)”和空前内容一致，说明了了解艺术家的作用，能承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 3．空格处是本段主题句，空后说“There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few.(有不同的风格和类型的艺术媒介，现实主义，超现实主义和印象派，仅举几例)”，因此本段主要讲的是要了解所使用的艺术类型和媒介，A选项“Know the type of art and medium used.(了解所使用的艺术类型和媒介)”概括了本段内容，可作为主题句，故选A。 4．空前说“Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artists mean can be very difficult.(试着找出其中的含义。要读懂线条和色彩之间的含义并理解艺术家的意思是非常困难的)”，空格处应该说每个人对画的理解可能不一样，G选项“A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people.(一幅简单的艺术画可能对不同的人有不同的理解)”承接上文，说明每个人对画的理解可能不一样，故选G。 5．空前说“Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight.(并不是每一件艺术品都能在第一眼吸引你的眼球)”，空格处应该说有的画是需要点时间才能理解的，C选项“Some of these art works will take time to reach you.(有些艺术作品需要时间才能打动你)”说明了要理解画需要时间，能承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 Passage 3 （2025·浙江·二模）The Enduring Power of Literature In an age dominated by digital media, the question of literature’s relevance has never been more pressing. 1 As a novelist and literary critic, I often turn to the insights of great writers who have delved into this question before me. Toni Morrison once said, “We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.” For Morrison, literature was not merely a form of entertainment. 2 Through language, we preserve our experiences, our emotions, and our very essence. James Baldwin, in his essay “The Creative Process”, argued that literature serves as a mirror and a map. He wrote, “ 3 ” Baldwin believed that literature had the power to confront uncomfortable truths and inspire social change. His works demonstrate how stories can simultaneously reflect reality and chart moral progress. The novel Go Tell It on the Mountain, for instance, not only exposed racial injustice in 1950s America but also envisioned paths toward empathy and reconciliation (和解). Milan Kundera, in “The Art of the Novel”, emphasized literature’s ability to explore the complexity of human existence. “The novel’s wisdom,” he claimed, “is different from the wisdom of philosophy. 4 ” For Kundera, literature’s value lies in its capacity to embrace life's contradictions without seeking simplistic resolutions. As I reflect on these perspectives, I am reminded of literature’s unique role in our lives. 5 By revealing unseen possibilities, it acts as both a time capsule of collective memory and a blueprint for unwritten futures. In a world increasingly driven by binary (二进制) thinking, literature offers a space for subtle difference, empathy, and profound understanding. A．It is an act of resistance against being forgotten. B．Literature's ability to entertain is its most important function. C．Literature provides clear answers to life's most difficult questions. D．Some even argue that literature has lost its place in modern society. E．It is not just a reflection of who we are but also a vision of who we might become. F．It is the wisdom of uncertainty, of ambiguity and of questioning rather than answering. G．It was through literature that we could see ourselves clearly and chart a course for our future. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在数字媒体时代文学的持久价值和意义。文章通过引用多位著名作家和评论家的观点，阐述了文学作为记录人类经验、反映社会现实、探索人性复杂性的独特作用。 【详解】1．前文“In an age dominated by digital media, the question of literature’s relevance has never been more pressing.(在数字媒体主导的时代，文学的相关性问题从未如此紧迫)”提到数字媒体时代下文学价值的质疑，后文“As a novelist and literary critic, I often turn to the insights of great writers who have delved into this question before me.(作为小说家和文学评论家，我经常求助于那些在我之前探讨过这个问题的伟大作家的见解)”转向作者个人视角。由此可知，空处应承接前文对文学价值的质疑。D项“Some even argue that literature has lost its place in modern society.(有些人甚至认为文学在现代社会中已经失去了地位)”符合语境，故选D。 2．前文“For Morrison, literature was not merely a form of entertainment.(对莫里森来说，文学不仅仅是娱乐形式)”否定文学的单一功能，后文“Through language, we preserve our experiences, our emotions, and our very essence.(通过语言，我们保存了我们的经历、情感和本质)”说明文学的深层作用。空处需体现文学的反遗忘特性。A项“It is an act of resistance against being forgotten.(它是一种抵抗被遗忘的行为)”与莫里森“语言是生命尺度”的观点高度契合，故选A。 3．前文“James Baldwin, in his essay “The Creative Process”, argued that literature serves as a mirror and a map.(詹姆斯·鲍德温在他的文章《创造性过程》中认为，文学就像一面镜子，一张地图)”提及鲍德温认为文学是“镜与图”，后文“Baldwin believed that literature had the power to confront uncomfortable truths and inspire social change. (奥尔登认为，文学有力量面对令人不安的真相，并激发社会变革)”举例说明其作品如何反映现实并指引道德进步。空处应为鲍德温原话，需同时包含“mirror”和“map”的隐喻。G项“It was through literature that we could see ourselves clearly and chart a course for our future.(正是通过文学，我们才能清晰地认识自己并为未来规划路线)”完美呼应“镜子与地图”的双重功能，故选G。 4．前文“‘The novel’s wisdom,’ he claimed, ‘is different from the wisdom of philosophy.’(昆德拉认为小说智慧不同于哲学智慧)”，后文“For Kundera, literature’s value lies in its capacity to embrace life's contradictions without seeking simplistic resolutions.(对于昆德拉来说，文学的价值在于它能够拥抱生活的矛盾，而不寻求简单的解决方案)”强调文学包容矛盾的特性。空处需体现文学智慧的独特性。F项“It is the wisdom of uncertainty, of ambiguity and of questioning rather than answering.(它是一种关于不确定性、模糊性，以及提问而非回答的智慧)”准确对应昆德拉对文学“复杂存在探索”的论述，故选F。 5．前文“As I reflect on these perspectives, I am reminded of literature’s unique role in our lives.(当我反思这些观点时，我想起了文学在我们生活中的独特作用)”总结前文，后文“By revealing unseen possibilities, it acts as both a time capsule of collective memory and a blueprint for unwritten futures.(通过揭示未知的可能性，它既是集体记忆的时间胶囊，也是未写成的未来的蓝图)”说明文学的双重功能。空处需承上启下。E项“It is not just a reflection of who we are but also a vision of who we might become.(它不仅反映我们是谁，还预示我们可能成为什么)”既呼应前文各家观点，又引出下文的“时间胶囊与未来蓝图”比喻，故选E。 话题5生物奥秘的探索与发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （2024·湖南永州·三模）As the seasons are starting to change around the world, the animal kingdom is on the move. Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there? 1 . Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something. It happens seasonally, and usually involves a return journey. These journeys can be by land, sea or air. 2 . Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink. Animals also migrate because of the weather. Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 3 . They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves. 4 , but how do they know when it is time to head off? For those who migrate to look for something to eat, scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it's time to begin their journey. Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter. So how do they know where to go? Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 5 . Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain. A．Below are some ways they get there B．Animals have their reasons for migrating C．Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years D．It's also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination E．Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north F．One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food G．For some animals, it's the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了动物迁移这一行为相关的问题。 【详解】1．根据空前“Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there?(动物迁徙是大自然的奇迹，但动物们如何知道什么时候开始它们的行程，或者他们需要去哪里？一旦他们确定了目的地的，它们怎么知道如何到达那里？)”可知，空前提出了一些列与动物迁徙相关的问题，故C项“科学家被这些问题困扰了很多年。”符合，C项中的“these questions”指代空前提出的这几个问题，故选C项。 2．根据空后“Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink.(像瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙，寻找新鲜的草吃和水喝。)”可知，空后提到了瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙，寻找新鲜的草吃和水喝，故它们迁徙的目的是为了寻找食物和水源，故F项“动物迁徙的其中一个重要的原因在于寻找食物。”符合，故选F项。 3．根据空后“They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves.(它们要么是在寻找配偶，也要么在寻找产卵的地方，要么寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点。)”可知，空后提出它们迁徙是为了寻找配偶，或者寻找产卵的地方，或者寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点，故G项“对于一些动物，是繁殖的需求让它们踏上了旅程。”符合，繁殖的需求让一些动物踏上了旅程，它们要么是在寻找配偶，也要么在寻找产卵的地方，要么寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点，故选G项。 4．根据空后“but how do they know when it is time to head off?(但是它们怎么知道什么时候该出发呢？)”可知，空后提出了另外一个问题，什么时候出发，且前文一直在解释动物迁徙的原因，故B项“动物有它们迁徙的理由。”符合，承上启下，总结前文分析的原因，并引出后文迁徙的时间，故选B项。 5．根据空前“Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are.(一些利用星星或太阳来帮助它们导航，而另一些则依靠和河流和山脉等地标来显示它们的位置。)”和空后“Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain.(人们认为牛羚则是靠着闻雨水的味道。)”可知，空前和空后都提出了一些动物如何知道自己该去哪里的方法，故D项“动物也有可能通过嗅觉来到达目的地。”符合，空前提出一些动物通过地标和星星、太阳来帮助自己导航，而空后则具体举例牛羚是靠着闻雨水的味道，故D项引出后文，通过嗅觉来导航，故选D项。 Passage 2 （22-23高二上·湖南永州·期中）In the animal kingdom, parents adopt babies that aren’t their own, and even other species. Why do they do it? For foster(领养) parents, there are huge costs, with no promise of passing on genes. 1 , because it seems to be wholly altruistic(利他主义的). But this makes it especially confusing in animals, who do not have the cultural influences we do. One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is AnoNuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. 2 From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowded beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year were separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently. The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly, some adult seals were more likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing, all the foster parents were female. 3 Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why might this be? One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on. Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation(排卵). 4 Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. 5 the motivation towards care may be so great that they redirect their attention onto other unrelated little animals. A．Considering the absence of their own young B．Scientists have long been interested in adoption C．Once a year, it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth D．Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family E．That’s unsurprising, for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse F．In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season G．Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了自然界中动物王国中的父母会收养不是自己的婴儿，甚至是其他物种的婴儿，科学家们对这一现象很感兴趣。 【详解】1．根据上一句“For foster(领养) parents, there are huge costs, with no promise of passing on genes.(对于养父母来说，需付出巨大的成本，而且没有传递基因的希望)”可知，人们会觉得奇怪，动物父母收养别人的孩子，自己没有任何获益，与空后部分“because it seems to be wholly altruistic.(因为它似乎完全是利他的)”意义一致，动物养父母为什么会收养别人孩子，这看似奇怪，所以科学家会对此感兴趣，从后文第四段至第六段科学家们对此做了探究。B项意为：科学家们一直对收养感兴趣，符合上下文。故选B项。 2．根据上一句“One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is AnoNuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast.(动物王国中最引人注目的收养地之一是AnoNuevo岛，它从海上升起，离岩石嶙峋的加利福尼亚海岸不到一公里)”可知，科学家要探究动物收养问题，需要找到一个合适的发生这种现象的地方，并根据下一段首句“From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening.(从1976年开始，科学家玛丽安·里德曼(Marianne Riedman)研究了海豹之间的收养行为以及为什么会发生这种情况)”中出现的 the seals可知，在上一句中应提到这个岛上有海豹出生。故选C项。 3．根据上一句“For one thing, all the foster parents were female.(首先，所有的养父母都是雌性)”，可知，收养别人家海豹的都是雌性海豹，接下来就会解释这个现象，E项内容：这并不奇怪，因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是需要喂奶，符合语境，解释了一个原因，失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找母性海豹寻求关爱；及下文“Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child.(然而，在雌性海豹中，最常见的寄养海豹是一个失去了自己孩子的母亲)”这又是另一层原因，失去自己孩子的母海豹产奶可以为别的海豹哺乳，有利于自己以后的繁殖，所以E项契合上下文。故选E项。 4．根据上一句“Regular nursing may cause them to give (定期的哺乳可能会使她们排卵)”可知，这提到失去孩子的母海豹喂养别的海豹的一个好处，F项内容：反过来，这会使雌海豹更有可能在下一个季节生下自己的孩子，符合语境，“it”指代“ovulation”，排卵使她们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。故选F项。 5．该空后，句首字母没大写，可知，该空应该是和后面部分“the motivation towards care may be so great that they redirect their attention onto other unrelated little animals.(关爱的动机可能是如此强烈，以至于它们将注意力转移到其他不相关的小动物身上)”为同一个句子，A项Considering the absence of their own young(考虑到它们没有自己的幼崽)，这是一个非谓语结构，是空后句子的原因状语，语意完整通顺，自己的孩子找不到了去哺喂别的孩子，母性使然。故选A项。 Passage 3 （26-27高三上·广东广州·开学考试）Why are there penguins living outdoors in summer? The OZEANEUM in northern Germany has a rocky pool on its rooftop. Every now and then, a fluffy brown-and-white head comes out from one of the artificial nesting caves — a penguin. I had to look twice. 1 Yet these birds appeared perfectly comfortable. For a moment, I wondered if my eyes were playing tricks on me. Had someone forgotten to tell them they belong in Antarctica? No. These are Humboldt penguins, one of the few species that naturally live in warm regions of South America. I had always associated penguins with snow and ice. 2 The Humboldt penguin is native to the coastal area from Peru to central Chile. Some groups even live surprisingly close to the equator. The species was named after Alexander von Humboldt, who first observed them on his expedition. Unlike their Antarctic relatives, Humboldt penguins have spent millions of years adapting to warmer environments. Their feathers are lighter, and they have bare pink skin around their eyes for cooling. They also have a slimmer body shape to release heat more efficiently. 3 Yet even these adaptations cannot fully explain their success near the tropics. 4 During his expedition, Humboldt found coastal waters unexpectedly cold and identified a vast current from Antarctica. Today known as the Humboldt Current, it cools the sea and the air above it, creating a mild coastal climate. 5 Cold water rising from the deep carries rich nutrients to the surface, feeding huge fish populations and providing a reliable food source for the penguins. That’s why Humboldt penguins deserve the name: without the Humboldt Current, they would almost not exist. A．The answer lies in the Humboldt Current. B．But nature, as it often does, had another story to tell. C．All these physical adaptations help them cope with the heat. D．It was late July and the rooftop was baking under direct sunshine. E．This explains why they are found along the coasts of South America. F．However, penguins actually prefer a much warmer place than we think. G．More importantly, the current supports one of the richest ocean ecosystems. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文介绍Humboldt企鹅并非都生活在南极，依靠自身身体特征与洪堡寒流，它们能在南美温暖沿海生存。 【详解】1．由上文“I had to look twice.(我不得不多看两眼。)”以及下文“Yet these birds appeared perfectly comfortable.(然而这些企鹅看起来十分自在。)”可知，空格描述当时环境炎热，和企鹅安然的状态形成转折对比。D项“It was late July and the rooftop was baking under direct sunshine.(当时是七月末，屋顶在烈日下酷热难耐。)”符合语境。 2．由上文“I had always associated penguins with snow and ice.(我一直以为企鹅都生活在冰雪之中。)”可知，作者固有印象是企鹅生活在冰雪环境，下文介绍Humboldt企鹅生活在温暖地区，上下文构成转折。B项“But nature, as it often does, had another story to tell.(但大自然向来另有一番景象。)”承接上文固有认知，引出下文事实。 3．由上文“Their feathers are lighter, and they have bare pink skin around their eyes for cooling. They also have a slimmer body shape to release heat more efficiently.(它们的羽毛更轻薄，眼周裸露着粉色皮肤用来散热。它们还有更纤细的体型，以便更高效地释放热量。)”可知，本段在列举企鹅适应高温的身体特征。C项“All these physical adaptations help them cope with the heat.(所有这些身体上的适应性特征帮助它们应对高温。)”是对前文一系列特征的总结。 4．由上文“Yet even these adaptations cannot fully explain their success near the tropics.(但即便有这些适应性特征，也无法完全解释它们为何能在热带附近生存。)”可知，需要引出另一个关键原因，下文“Today known as the Humboldt Current, it cools the sea and the air above it, creating a mild coastal climate.(如今被称作洪堡寒流，它冷却海水以及其上方的空气，造就了温和的沿海气候。)”介绍洪堡寒流。A项“The answer lies in the Humboldt Current.(答案在于洪堡寒流。)”引出下文核心原因。 5．由下文“Cold water rising from the deep carries rich nutrients... providing a reliable food source for the penguins.(深海上升冷水带来丰富养分，滋养大量鱼类，给企鹅提供稳定食物来源。)”可知，本段介绍寒流带来的生态好处。G项“More importantly, the current supports one of the richest ocean ecosystems.(更重要的是，这股寒流孕育了地球上最富饶的海洋生态系统之一。)”总起本段内容。 话题6生态保护与可持续发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）Imagine you’re a kid in an elementary school. You have spent all morning learning new words and practicing multiplication. Then finally, it is time for a break. You run out of the stuffy school building, only to find a large area of burning hot blacktop. 1 . Due to decades of paving entire schoolyards to reduce maintenance costs, this is the reality for thousands of city school children. Lamont was one of them. Lack of access to nature does more than reduce social and emotional well-being. Asphalt (沥青) surfaces absorb and give off more heat, creating the “heat island effect,” which can negatively impact human health. 2 . When rainwater washes these substances away, they end up polluting rivers and streams. However, thanks to Reflo and his partners, these lifeless blacktops are being replaced with rich natural environments where kids can learn and play. During the three-year design process, each school chooses which natural elements they want to include, from pollinator (传粉者) gardens to soccer fields to micro-forests. Most schools will include a bioswale (低洼地) that manages stormwater. 3 . The new schoolyards are built over the summer to minimize the impact on the academic year, and the habitats support wildlife, like butterflies and bees. “ 4 ,” said Lamont. “Thousands of young people, including some of the most socially and economically disadvantaged children, will have significantly better experiences, and they can take a lot of pride in their schools.” Schoolyards are the best strategic investment for environmental improvement. 5 . These benefits, in turn, contribute to improved academic performance. What’s more, once the school day is over, the schoolyards are open to the public and serve as community parks. A．They also concentrate pollutants B．Reflo’s work is truly transformational C．They will also add outdoor classrooms D．There isn’t a single tree or any grass in sight E．The flat surface seems perfect for playing games F．Nature reduces stress and boosts creative thinking G．These surfaces prevent water from entering the ground 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍城市学校因铺设沥青操场导致热岛效应和环境污染等问题，以及Reflo及其团队将无生气的黑色操场改造为自然生态环境，为学生和社区带来多方面益处的故事。 【详解】1．根据前文“You run out of the stuffy school building, only to find a large area of burning hot blacktop.(你跑出闷热的教学楼，却发现一大片滚烫的黑色沥青地面。)”以及后文“Due to decades of paving entire schoolyards to reduce maintenance costs, this is the reality for thousands of city school children.(由于几十年来为降低维护成本而铺满整个操场，这就是成千上万城市小学生的现实。)”可知，前文描述操场毫无生机的景象，后文说明这是普遍现状，空白处应填入对操场荒凉景象的具体描写，D选项“There isn’t a single tree or any grass in sight.(放眼望去，没有一棵树、一丝草)”承接前文对滚烫沥青地面的描写，与后文“铺满整个操场”的现实呼应，符合语境。 2．根据前文“Asphalt surfaces absorb and give off more heat, creating the ‘heat island effect’, which can negatively impact human health.(沥青表面吸收并释放更多热量，形成‘热岛效应’，会对人体健康产生负面影响。)”以及后文“When rainwater washes these substances away, they end up polluting rivers and streams.(当雨水冲走这些物质时，它们最终会污染河流和溪流。)”可知，前文说明沥青的危害，后文提到“these substances”需要有指代对象，空白处应填入沥青的另一种危害且能引出“these substances”的内容，A选项“They also concentrate pollutants.(它们还会积聚污染物)”承接前文沥青的负面影响，且“pollutants”与后文“these substances”形成指代关系，符合语境。 3．根据前文“During the three-year design process, each school chooses which natural elements they want to include, from pollinator gardens to soccer fields to micro-forests. Most schools will include a bioswale that manages stormwater.(在三年的设计过程中，每所学校都会选择想要包含的自然元素，从传粉花园到足球场再到微型森林。大多数学校会包含一个管理雨水的低洼地。)”可知，前文列举学校改造时加入的自然元素，空白处应填入顺承前文列举内容的设施，C选项“They will also add outdoor classrooms.(他们还会增设户外教室)”用“also”顺承前文的列举内容，进一步说明改造新增的设施，符合语境。 4．根据后文“Thousands of young people, including some of the most socially and economically disadvantaged children, will have significantly better experiences, and they can take a lot of pride in their schools.(成千上万的年轻人，包括一些社会和经济上最弱势的孩子，将获得好得多的体验，他们能为自己的学校感到自豪。)”可知，此处是Lamont对Reflo工作的评价，空白处应填入对Reflo工作的总体评价，B选项“Reflo’s work is truly transformational.(Reflo的工作确实是变革性的) ”总领后文对改造成果的描述，符合引语的语气和语境。 5．根据前文“Schoolyards are the best strategic investment for environmental improvement.(校园是环境改善的最佳战略投资。)”以及后文“These benefits, in turn, contribute to improved academic performance.(这些益处反过来又有助于提升学业表现。)”可知，前文说明校园改造的价值，后文提到“These benefits”需要有指代内容，空白处应填入自然带来的具体益处，F选项“Nature reduces stress and boosts creative thinking.(大自然能减轻压力、激发创造性思维)”承接前文，说明自然带来的益处，且与后文“这些益处”形成指代关系，符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏扬州·三模）Everyone loves balloons, as they are often associated with a sense of ceremony. From birthdays to memorials, these colorful items remain popular. However, as their popularity grows, so does the concern for our planet. 1 . The biggest issue is that balloons are single-use plastics. Even those marketed as biodegradable (可降解的) often contain chemicals that prevent them from breaking down for years. Scientists have found that balloons are more likely to kill seabirds. 2 . These traps cause a slow death for animals by preventing them from eating properly. There is also a common misunderstanding that balloons simply disappear after flying away. In reality, their journey is far from over. 3 . For instance, a balloon launched in England was once found 10,000 miles away in Australia. Since their flight paths are uncontrollable, these balloons often end up on beaches or fields, remaining there for years. Beyond the problem of waste, the consumption of helium (氦气) in party balloons is being questioned. As a limited resource, Helium is essential for medical equipment, such as MRI scanners. 4 . Some scientists warn that using such a precious material for short-term fun is unwise and predict that future generations will find our current waste hard to believe. As awareness grows, many people are now calling for a complete ban on balloon releases. Nearly 100 UK local authorities have already made it illegal. To protect our environment, experts suggest choosing creative and sustainable alternatives. 5 . Perhaps it is time to find new ways to celebrate that truly make a positive difference. A．We can still mark special occasions with the same sense of joy. B．This is because their remaining pieces are often mistaken for food. C．We should reuse these plastic balloons for future party decorations. D．Once released, it escapes into the atmosphere and cannot be recovered. E．In many cases, these colorful objects break into small pieces and disappear. F．What is perceived as a beautiful release is actually a persistent threat to nature. G．Capable of traveling thousands of miles, they eventually land as waste in remote areas. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．G 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍气球虽常用于各类仪式，但会带来诸多环境问题，包括塑料污染、危害海洋生物、消耗稀有氦资源等，最后呼吁使用环保替代方式庆祝特殊时刻。 【详解】1．上文“However, as their popularity grows, so does the concern for our planet.(然而随着气球越来越受欢迎，人们对地球环境的担忧也在增加。)”引出气球带来的环境隐患，选项F“What is perceived as a beautiful release is actually a persistent threat to nature.(看似美好的放飞行为，实则对自然构成长期威胁。)”承接上文，点明气球的危害，开启下文对具体问题的介绍。 2．上文“Scientists have found that balloons are more likely to kill seabirds.(科学家发现气球更容易导致海鸟死亡。)”提出气球危害海鸟的现象，选项B“This is because their remaining pieces are often mistaken for food.(这是因为气球碎片常被误当成食物。)”解释该现象的原因。 3．上文“In reality, their journey is far from over.(事实上，气球的旅程远未结束。)”说明气球飞走后不会消失，选项G“Capable of traveling thousands of miles, they eventually land as waste in remote areas.(它们能飞行数千英里，最终以垃圾形式落在偏远地区。)”承接上文，符合后文“For instance, a balloon launched in England was once found 10,000 miles away in Australia.(例如，在英国发射的一个气球曾经在10000英里外的澳大利亚被发现。)”的例子，进一步说明气球的远距离污染问题。 4．上文“As a limited resource, Helium is essential for medical equipment, such as MRI scanners.(氦气是有限资源，对核磁共振扫描仪等医疗设备至关重要。)”介绍氦气的稀缺与重要性，选项D“Once released, it escapes into the atmosphere and cannot be recovered.(一旦释放，它会进入大气且无法回收。)”解释用氦气充气球的浪费所在。 5．上文“To protect our environment, experts suggest choosing creative and sustainable alternatives.(为保护环境，专家建议选择有创意且可持续的替代方式。)”提出改用其他环保方式替代，选项A“We can still mark special occasions with the same sense of joy.(我们依旧可以用同样的喜悦纪念特殊时刻。)”承接上文，说明替代方式同样能带来仪式感。 Passage 3 （26-27高三上·四川·开学考试）Forest farming is a way to put forested areas on your property to good use by growing edible (可食用) and medicinal plants that prefer wooded settings to traditional garden plots. 1 Just about any plot of wooded area on your property will do. And you don’t even need to fancy yourself a gardener. 2 Much of the effort, organization, and prep work of traditional farming isn’t required when planting in the woods. You don’t need to clear land, plant in rows and water young plants every day. In fact, there are few rules. You can do it any way you really want to. But before you start planting, take time to learn what’s native in the area you live. 3 Therefore, what grows best depends on location, and choosing wisely can help you invest your time in plants that have the best chance of growing well. Then see what’s already growing on your land. If it’s growing well without your help, it’ll likely do well if you plant more. If identifying plants isn’t your strong point, invite a local forester to walk your property with you or contact a local extension office to learn more. 4 Someone can come and survey your land with you to help you identify what’s already growing. When you’re ready to plant, start with just one or two forest crops that have value to you and your family. For example, if your kids love jam, plant regionally-appropriate berry bushes. 5 A．That will depend on your property. B．The beauty of forest farming is obvious. C．That said, the process can be as hands-on as you like. D．Every state has its own soil type and climate conditions. E．You don’t have to have much land to start a forest farm. F．Your local forestry service may even offer you a service. G．If you enjoy the fruits of your labor, it’ll hardly feel like labor at all. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了林下种植的概念、开展条件以及开展林下种植的相关实操建议。 【详解】1．由上文“Forest farming is a way to put forested areas on your property to good use by growing edible (可食用) and medicinal plants that prefer wooded settings to traditional garden plots.(林下种植是充分利用自有林地的一种方式，种植相较于传统园圃地块更适宜在林间环境生长的食用和药用植物。)”以及下文“Just about any plot of wooded area on your property will do. And you don’t even need to fancy yourself a gardener.(你家土地上几乎任何一块林地都可以。你甚至不必自认是园艺爱好者。)”可知，上文引出林下种植这一概念，下文说明开展林下种植对土地、园艺能力没有过高要求，本空要说明开展林下种植不需要大片土地。E项表示“开展林下种植不需要太多土地。”，能承上启下，符合题意。 2．本题在第二段段首，是该段主旨句。由下文“Much of the effort, organization, and prep work of traditional farming isn’t required when planting in the woods. You don’t need to clear land, plant in rows and water young plants every day. In fact, there are few rules. You can do it any way you really want to.(在林地种植，无需传统农业所需的大部分劳作、统筹和准备工作。你不需要清理土地、成行栽种，也不必每天给幼苗浇水。实际上，这种种植方式几乎没有硬性规定，你完全可以按照自己的想法来操作。)”可知，本段旨在说明森林农场省力、自由、门槛低。B项表示“森林农业的好处显而易见。”，和本段主旨相吻合，适合作为本段首句，符合题意。 3．由上文“But before you start planting, take time to learn what’s native in the area you live.(但在开始种植之前，请花时间了解你所居住地区的本土植物。)”以及下文“Therefore, what grows best depends on location, and choosing wisely can help you invest your time in plants that have the best chance of growing well.(因此，哪种作物长势最好取决于所处地点，明智地进行选择有助于你把时间投入到最有可能良好生长的植物上。)”可知，上文提出种植前要了解本地本土植物，下文得出植物生长情况受地域影响的结论，本空要解释地域造成植物生长差异的原因。D项表示“每个州都有自身的土壤类型与气候条件。”，能够承接上文，引出下文结果，符合题意。 4．由上文“If identifying plants isn’t your strong point, invite a local forester to walk your property with you or contact a local extension office to learn more.(如果你不擅长识别植物，可以邀请当地林业人员一同查看你的地块，或是联系当地农技推广站获取更多信息。)”以及下文“Someone can come and survey your land with you to help you identify what’s already growing.(有人可以和你一同实地勘测你的土地，帮你识别土地上现有的植被。)”可知，上文给出辨识植物的求助渠道，下文讲工作人员上门勘测服务，本空要引出对应的相关服务。F项表示“你当地的林业服务机构甚至可能为你提供服务。”，能承上启下，符合题意。 5．由上文“When you’re ready to plant, start with just one or two forest crops that have value to you and your family. For example, if your kids love jam, plant regionally‑appropriate berry bushes.(当你准备种植时，先挑选一两种对你和家人有价值的林下作物。例如，如果你的孩子喜欢果酱，可以种植适合当地生长的浆果灌木。)”可知，上文举例挑选家人喜爱的作物进行种植，本空要讲述收获劳动成果的感受。G项表示“如果你享受劳动的果实，那它几乎就不算劳作。”，能承接上文，符合题意。 本题以现代人参观美术馆时过度依赖手机、忽视艺术作品本身的现象为切入点，引导学生反思数字时代的快节奏生活方式，认识深度观察和沉浸式审美的价值，培养审美感知、独立思考和自我反思能力。 （25-26高二上·山东青岛·期末）In galleries around the world, visitors spend an average of 15 seconds reading a wall label and a mere three seconds actually looking at the artwork beside it. Art, like much else today, has become something to consume rather than appreciate. 1 Our visual lives are overloaded, shaped by endlessly checking the phone and a significant amount of imagery on the internet. Gallery visits, too, can feel rushed. Crowds, noise, tiredness and the potential pressure to move along all go against meaningful engagement. Even the rhythm of exhibitions-crowded introductory rooms, long texts, carefully managed flow-encourages looking to be fast and structured. Yet the act of seeing, not fast looking, is an active process. 2 The faster we move, the less we truly perceive. What gets lost in this hurry is the exchange between viewer and artwork: the space where emotion, insight and imagination meet. Slow looking is a cure to the pace of modern life. 3 The simplest and hardest step is to put away the phone. By disconnecting from the constant stream of images, attention is regained. 4 Information can wait; observation cannot. Spend time with the work itself-its colors, forms and moods. Notice where your eyes rest, how your body feels, and what emotions emerge. The rewards of looking slowly are profound. Beyond the aesthetic (美感), the act can be refreshing, even transformative. Research shows that engaging with art in person improves wellbeing, which artists, philosophers and poets have long felt in their bones. 5 A．The behaviour is hardly surprising. B．It is not a method but a habit to be formed. C．Art speaks softly where words often fall silent. D．True engagement takes time and careful thought. E．Then resist the urge to read the label straight away. F．So slow your steps the next time you’re in a gallery. G．The artwork makes an impact on visitors of all ages. 【新情境】创设数字化生活背景下的艺术欣赏情境，将艺术体验与注意力管理相结合。试题不仅考查语篇衔接，还引导学生思考信息过载对审美体验的影响，体现英语阅读与现实生活的联系。 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。如今人们观赏艺术品过于匆忙，文章分析其原因，倡导放慢脚步欣赏艺术，介绍慢看方法并点明慢看能带来深层审美与身心益处。 【详解】1．根据后文“Our visual lives are overloaded, shaped by endlessly checking the phone and a significant amount of imagery on the internet. Gallery visits, too, can feel rushed. Crowds, noise, tiredness and the potential pressure to move along all go against meaningful engagement. Even the rhythm of exhibitions-crowded introductory rooms, long texts, carefully managed flow-encourages looking to be fast and structured.(我们的视觉生活被各种信息所充斥，这主要是由于我们不停地查看手机以及大量浏览互联网上的图片所致。参观画廊时也会感觉时间紧迫。人群、噪音、疲惫以及可能存在的被迫加快步伐的紧迫感都会妨碍我们进行有意义的欣赏。就连展览的节奏——拥挤的入口展厅、冗长的文字、精心安排的流程——也都倾向于让人追求快速和有条理的浏览方式)”以及前文讲游客看艺术品时间极短，后文分析现代视觉过载、展厅环境等原因，A选项“这种行为并不令人意外”承接现象、引出原因，逻辑通顺。故选A。 2．根据上文“Yet the act of seeing, not fast looking, is an active process.(然而，仅仅是“观看”这一行为（而非快速地“观看”）本身就是一个主动的过程)”以及后文“The faster we move, the less we truly perceive. What gets lost in this hurry is the exchange between viewer and artwork: the space where emotion, insight and imagination meet. (我们移动得越快，就越难以真正地去感知事物。在这匆忙之中被忽略的，正是观者与艺术作品之间那种情感、洞察力和想象力的交流所在的空间)”可知，前句指出真正的观看是主动过程，后句说明看得越快感知越少，D选项“真正的投入需要时间和深思熟虑”强调真正投入需时间思考，衔接前后。故选D。 3．根据上文“Slow looking is a cure to the pace of modern life.(放慢脚步是缓解现代生活节奏的一种方式)”可知，前句提出“慢看”是治愈现代快节奏的方法，B选项“这并非一种方法，而是一种需要养成的习惯”说明慢看是要养成的习惯，承接“慢看”这一核心做法。故选B。 4．根据上文“By disconnecting from the constant stream of images, attention is regained.(通过与持续不断的图像信息断开连接，注意力得以恢复)”以及后文“Information can wait; observation cannot. Spend time with the work itself-its colors, forms and moods. Notice where your eyes rest, how your body feels, and what emotions emerge.(信息可以稍后再处理；但观察不能。花些时间专注于作品本身——它的色彩、形态和氛围。留意你目光所停留的地方、身体的感受以及浮现的情绪)”可知，前句建议收起手机，后句提出信息可等、观察不可等，E选项“那么，要克制住立刻阅读标签的冲动”衔接动作，给出放下手机后的下一步做法。故选E。 5．根据上文“The rewards of looking slowly are profound. Beyond the aesthetic (美感), the act can be refreshing, even transformative. Research shows that engaging with art in person improves wellbeing, which artists, philosophers and poets have long felt in their bones.(缓慢欣赏艺术所带来的收获是深远的。除了美感之外，这种行为还能让人感到精神振奋，甚至产生改变。研究表明，亲自接触艺术作品能够提升人的幸福感，而艺术家、哲学家和诗人长期以来都深谙此道)”可知，前文阐述慢看艺术的诸多益处，F选项“所以下次当你在画廊时，请放慢脚步”发出呼吁，收束全文，符合结尾逻辑。故选F。 本题围绕失败引发的启动疲劳和执行疲劳展开，通过作者的亲身经历探讨不同心理状态及应对策略，引导学生认识问题产生的不同原因，培养分类分析、逻辑推理和解决问题的能力。 Failure is likely the most tiring experience one ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding. 1 In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. 2 Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the most difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works. 3 Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can  then let the unconsciousness (无意识) take over. When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. 4 One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. 5 In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. A．My fatigue became almost unbearable. B．I felt depressed and gave it up eventually. C．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. D．Use your unconsciousness and you can reduce your tiredness. E．An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. F．The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first. G．Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. 【新考法】突破单纯依靠关键词匹配的解题思路，要求学生识别两类疲劳的不同特征，理解概念分类与具体事例之间的对应关系，并依据事件发展的逻辑补全语篇，突出结构化思维与因果推理能力。 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。 【详解】1．根据上文“There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项G“Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue.(由两种方式的疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. (在前一种情况下，我们不断推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难。拖延得越久，我们就越觉得累。这种创业疲劳是非常真实的，即使不是身体上的，也不是肌肉和骨骼上的。)”可推知，我们会因为拖延太无聊、太难的工作而感到疲惫不堪。选项F“The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.(这种解决方案是不容易采用的：总是先处理最困难的工作)”提出了一个解决这种情况的办法，即先处理最困难的事，符合语境。故选F。 3．根据下文“Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again.”（虽然我们愿意开始，但似乎不能把工作做好。无论我们多么努力，它的困难都显得如此之大，以致于我们一次又一次地失败。）可知，此处讲述另一种疲劳——表现疲劳。选项C意为“Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.(表现疲劳更难处理。)”符合本段段意，故选C。 4．上文“When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked.(在规划《大英百科全书》时，我必须根据文章的主题创建一个目录。日复一日，我不断想出解决办法，但没有一个奏效。)”讲述作者在做一项任务时，日复一日的想不出可行的办法，选项A “My fatigue became almost unbearable.( 我的疲劳几乎无法忍受。)”承接上文，总是想不出解决办法，让我疲惫不堪，故选A。 5．根据上文“One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.(一天，我精疲力尽，试着说服自己，麻烦出在问题本身，而不是我。我松了一口气，靠在安乐椅上睡着了。)”和下文“In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind and proved correct at every step.”（在接下来的几个星期里，在我的潜意识里想出了解决办法，而且每一步都证明是正确的。）可知，此空处讲述的作者睡着了，如释重负，醒来有了解决办法，选项E“An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. (一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案。)”承上启下，躺在安乐椅上睡着了，醒来之后，有了解决的方法，故选E。 本题以世界巨型南瓜比赛为背景，介绍植物生长中的养分竞争、细胞分裂、细胞扩张及遗传差异等科学原理，引导学生从有趣的生活现象出发探究植物生长机制，培养科学思维、逻辑推理和实证分析能力。 （25-26高二上·四川成都·期中）In early October, Travis Gienger transported a huge pumpkin from his home in Minnesota to the World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in California. His pumpkin set the record for the biggest one ever grown in North America. How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to massive sizes? 1 Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few weeks, when Minnesota’s soil is too icy. 2 They can absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there. “At their peak, you’re watering them with at least 600 liters a day,” he says. Depending on the variety, pumpkin plants can grow up to a dozen fruits on a single vine (藤蔓). But to maximize size, growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each individual fruit’s competition for resources. 3 But what exactly happens inside a pumpkin as it grows? Two factors drive natural growth: cell division and cell expansion. Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning of a fruit’s life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin plants. 4 Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉). 5 Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation even among pumpkins of the same variety. This has led to competition for the best seeds. Following each harvest, many growers auction off (拍卖掉) the seeds from their biggest pumpkins, which will then be used for the following year’s plantings. A．Biology has the answers. B．Genetics also influences pumpkin growth. C．The following tips will give you a head start. D．When it stops, cell expansion will then take effect. E．Once it warms up, the plants are transferred outside. F．Growers extend the growth period for as long as possible. G．Growers also remove the weeds in the area for the same reason. 【跨学科】将趣味竞技活动与植物生理学、遗传学和现代园艺技术相结合。第4空要求理解细胞分裂与细胞扩张的阶段性关系，第5空要求从生长机制转向遗传因素，体现科学过程推理。 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过种植者Travis Gienger的案例，从生物学角度解释了巨型南瓜的培育方法。 【详解】1．前文“His pumpkin set the record for the biggest one ever grown in North America. How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to massive sizes? (他的南瓜创造了北美有史以来最大南瓜的记录。有竞争力的种植者是如何让他们的南瓜长得很大的呢？)”提问如何种出巨型南瓜，后面段落主要从生物学角度进行解释，因此A项“Biology has the answers. (生物学有答案。)”符合语境，给出问题的回答，承接前文的问题，统领后文的具体解释。故选A。 2．前文“Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few weeks, when Minnesota’s soil is too icy. (在Anoka技术学院教授园艺学的Gienger从四月中旬开始种植南瓜，在明尼苏达州土壤过于冰冷的前几周，他先在室内种植种子。)”提到天气寒冷时Gienger先在室内培育种子，后文“They can absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there. (它们在那里可以吸收阳光，并从土壤中吸收养分和水分。)”描述植物在户外的生长细节，因此E项“Once it warms up, the plants are transferred outside. (一旦天气变暖，植物会被移栽到室外。)”符合语境，提到天气变暖时移栽这一步，承接前文的室内培育，过渡到后文的描述，其中的the plants是后文They指代的对象。故选E。 3．前文“Depending on the variety, pumpkin plants can grow up to a dozen fruits on a single vine (藤蔓). But to maximize size, growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each individual fruit’s competition for resources. (根据品种的不同，南瓜植株可以在一根藤上长出12个果实。但为了最大限度地扩大南瓜的大小，种植者只保留一两个南瓜，以减少每个果实对资源的竞争。)”提到种植者只保留1到2个南瓜以减少资源竞争，因此G项“Growers also remove the weeds in the area for the same reason. (出于同样原因，种植者也会清除杂草。)”符合语境，提到清除杂草这一做法，和前文构成递进关系，其中的the same reason指代前文的“减少资源竞争”。故选G。 4．前文“Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning of a fruit’s life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin plants. (细胞分裂是果实生长初期的主要过程。这个时期在南瓜植株中持续大约20天。)”指出南瓜生长初期依赖细胞分裂，后文“Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉). (南瓜的细胞会一直扩张，直到授粉后大约50～60天)”转而介绍南瓜的细胞扩张，因此D项“When it stops, cell expansion will then take effect. (当它停止后，细胞扩张开始起作用。)”符合语境，介绍细胞扩张的开始时间，承前启后，其中的it指代前文的Cell division。故选D。 5．后文“Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation even among pumpkins of the same variety. (一些品种的南瓜是专门培育的，以最大限度地提高它们的大小。尽管如此，即使在同一品种的南瓜之间也存在遗传变异。)”讨论南瓜品种选育和基因竞争，因此B项“Genetics also influences pumpkin growth. (遗传因素也影响南瓜生长。)”符合语境，指出遗传因素的影响，统领后文的讨论。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题 03 阅读七选五 话题1 幽默的力量 话题2 逆境中的坚持与成长（常考点） 话题3 体育拼搏精神（常考点） 话题4 艺术灵感与创新 话题5 生物奥秘的探索与发现（难点） 话题6 生态保护与可持续发展（难点） ① 先通读全文，抓文章主线和段落逻辑；再根据空格前后内容，利用词语复现、代词指代、逻辑关系和句式衔接确定答案，最后通读检查。 ② 核心：通读全文抓主线 → 联系前后看逻辑 → 词语复现找对应 → 代入全文验证。 话题1 幽默的力量（共3篇） Passage 1 （2026·广东汕头·三模）People favor humor, as it lights up daily moments, eases awkwardness and makes every interaction warm and enjoyable. This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online. 1 Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge. 2 For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand. 3 Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts. Additionally, humor humanizes scientists, as seen in popular science lectures where light-hearted jokes help audiences feel closer to researchers. 4 The hidden risks deserve our attention. If the content itself is untrue, humor can even replace facts, leading the audience to form wrong opinions about scientific knowledge just based on the amusing posts they see. Overusing sarcasm or negative humor also has the opposite effect, as it will quickly make scientists lose the public’s trust and damage their credibility. Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness. 5 Scientists who master this balance can effectively narrow the divide with the public, making science more welcoming and popular. A．Overuse harms professionalism. B．It also boosts audience engagement effectively. C．It helps break the impression of scientists being cold and distant. D．A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect. E．Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though. F．It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people. G．It is believed humor needs to be used with great care in such communication. Passage 2 （2026高三下·山西·学业考试）Laughter is a natural antidote (解药)to stress. When our bodies undergo stress, our nervous system gets activated and starts physical reactions such as a quickening pulse, rapid breathing, muscle tension, dilated pupils and trembling. 1 . When we laugh, our hearts, lungs, and muscles are stimulated, and the endorphins, which are “feel good” chemicals released in our brains, increase. Laughing can also help relax muscles, increase circulation, and decrease heart rate. Regular laughter can have a long-term impact on mood, helping to reduce anxiety and depression. Laughter has proven to have a stress-relieving impact. 2 . Sharing a laugh with others promotes our relationship with others and offers a sense of belonging and association. Humor also allows us to enhance our coping mechanisms. Through humor, you can see the challenges and even realize lightness and perspective, even in difficult moments. 3 . Start by finding humor in your everyday life. Observe your daily life and appreciate the absurdities (荒谬)that occur throughout the day. It could also be useful to catch those funny moments by using them to remind you of the lighter side of life. Hug the world of humor by consuming humorous content such as comedy shows, movies, and/or specials that make you laugh. Reading humorous books, comics, or blogs can also provide a regular amount of laughter. Social media is also filled with humor. 4 , so explore different kinds of media that make you happy. Laughter is contagious (有感染性的), so surround yourself with funny people to incorporate more humor in your life. Socialize with friends who have a good sense of humor and enjoy sharing jokes and funny stories. 5 . A．Laughter offers a variety of benefits B．Humorous content can come in many forms C．It plays a significant role in social bonding too D．Bringing more humor into your daily life is easy E．Laughing helps by overturning the stress process F．You’ll surely benefit from the positive effects of laughter G．One powerful tool for boosting mental well-being is humor Passage 3 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛·阶段检测）The Benefits of a Sense of Humour Studies have shown that a sense of humour benefits us in many ways, such as improving our mental and physical health and increasing our attractiveness. Being funny is possibly one of the best things we can do for our health. 1 . Sometimes we may feel depressed when exposed to some negative things. And afterwards, it is very likely for us to fall into depression over and over again. However, if we can define a negative event in a humorous way, it will greatly help us get rid of those depressive feelings. 2 . After we hear an interesting joke and then laugh happily, the laughter can help improve our cardiovascular (心血管的) health and lower our heart rates and blood pressure. Apart from improving our health, humour plays a vital role in personal growth. 3 . When faced with obstacles, a humorous individual is more likely to see the funny side of things, thus fostering resilience and adaptability. Humour also helps keep a positive view of life, letting us recover from setbacks. 4 . It breaks down barriers, making it easier for people to connect. A shared joke or a playful remark can create an instant sense of connection, bringing individuals closer together. 5 . A．Humour acts as a natural stress reliever. B．Humour also encourages empathy and understanding, as it helps us see the world from different perspectives, thereby promoting tolerance and acceptance. C．Humour can improve our physical immune (免疫的) system as well. D．People who have a good sense of humour always get on well with their family. E．It encourages creativity and problem-solving skills by allowing us to think outside the box and approach situations with a playful mindset. F．We can almost think of a sense of humour as our mind’s immune system. G．Moreover, humour fosters stronger interpersonal relationships. 话题2逆境中的坚持与成长（共3篇） Passage 1 Many people view setbacks as roadblocks that stop their progress, but in reality, they can be powerful fuel for growth. If you often feel stuck after a setback and struggle to move forward, it’s time to examine your mindset and habits. 1 You avoid reflecting on the lessons. Setbacks carry hidden lessons, but a lot of people rush to move on without pausing to learn. 2 Nonetheless, do you take time to analyze what went wrong and what you could do differently? If not, you’re likely to repeat the same mistakes and miss the chance to grow stronger. You let self-doubt take over. It’s natural to feel uncertain after a failure, especially when others question your abilities. For example, you spent weeks preparing for a presentation, but it didn’t go as planned. You’ve told yourself before that you’re capable of growth, but after this failure, you start to believe you’re not good enough. 3 Your confidence fades, but you don’t fight against these negative thoughts. You give up too easily. Without a doubt, perseverance is valuable. 4 Yet giving up at the first sign of difficulty robs you of the chance to build resilience (抗逆力) . Do you abandon goals when you hit a small barrier? Is “I can’t do this” your automatic response? This habit keeps you stuck in failure, rather than letting you use it as a stepping stone. 5 This is a subtle but harmful habit. If you compare your progress to others’ highlights, you’ll discount your own growth and lose motivation. Your struggles are a sign you’re pushing yourself, not a sign of weakness. Your unique path matters. A．You compare your progress to others’. B．You celebrate others’ achievements openly. C．You know that pushing through hardship is the right path. D．Chances are that you know you should reflect after a failure. E．Instead of questioning these beliefs, you accept them as truth. F．But you can use the following four ways to turn setbacks into motivation. G．Be aware of the traps that may keep you from turning setbacks into motivation. Passage 2 How to Overcome Challenges When Learning from Failure Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat, that we find our greatest opportunities for growth. 1 This guide will look into the common challenges associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them. ● Dealing with emotional stress and burnout Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden. 2 The first step in overcoming this challenge is acknowledging these emotions. It’s okay to feel disappointed — but don’t let your failure define you. Instead, view it as a temporary setback, not an endpoint. ● Maintaining focus and vision After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision. 3 ● Continuous learning and skill development The greatest lesson from failure is the opportunity to learn. Develop a growth mindset and invest in continuous learning — attend workshops, read books, or take online courses. 4 Analyze your mistakes, draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more experience. ● Accepting failure as a pathway to success 5 It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success. A．Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher. B．Learning from failure can be complicated. C．To strike this balance, make data-driven decisions. D．Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it. E．You can adapt to changes and avoid the same mistakes. F．You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that. G．Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout. Passage 3 In my latest book, The Success Factor, I outline the four mindsets found in extreme high achievers. Many people wonder what sets top performers apart from ordinary ones. 1 Stay driven from inside I have found that scientists are not driven by such motivators: promotions, diplomas or awards. If they were, those I interviewed would have quit doing science after winning a Nobel Prize. Instead, many leading scientists are still doing research long after they qualify for retirement. 2 They simply love the process of discovery itself. 3 There are always challenges on the way to success. Most people easily give up when facing difficulties. However, the high achievers face them bravely and keep moving forward. Eventually, they fear not trying more than they fear failing. They work hard to “control what they can control”, and they don’t think over issues and challenges that are beyond their control. Keep making progress 4 What worked for them early on in their careers is what they continue with later. The scientists who have won a Nobel Prize are still designing experiments and writing papers to further their careers. They refuse to stand still even with great honors. They stick to their effective methods and keep moving toward higher goals. Keep learning informally Despite their advanced degrees and praise, the high achievers made a point of continuing their learning by reading books, articles and blogs, watching videos and talking to others. They never think they have learned enough and always stay hungry for new knowledge. 5 In this way, they keep their knowledge up-to-date and their creativity fresh. No one aims to be average in life. People want to succeed but often lack the understanding of how to achieve more. So learning from top scientists can guide us in our own life and work. A．Persist and never give up. B．Set up a strong foundation. C．This book provides clear and practical answers. D．High achievers do not rest on their achievements. E．Reading widely is the only way to gain rich knowledge. F．Their inner motivation keeps them devoted to their work. G．They keep updating their knowledge and skills all the time. 话题3体育拼搏精神（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·四川德阳·期末）Li Jie stood on the courts of the ITF World Tennis Masters Tour MT400 tournament in Beijing’s Changping district, an international event that drew 880 tennis enthusiasts from home and abroad. She wasn’t just watching. She was competing. A year ago, Li Jie could not even deliver a basic overhand serve. The ball would drop at her feet or sail long. Rallies (对打) felt fragile. 1 Designed for players aged 30 and over, the tournament offers seven age groups from 30 all the way to over 70. According to registration data, it showed strong popularity across multiple age groups this year. 2 The 50+, 55+, and 60+ categories, however, showed steady growth, fully demonstrating the rising development of amateur tennis in Beijing and across China. 3 Li teamed up with a female partner of similar age to compete in the 50+ doubles category on the first day. They even faced the second-seeded doubles pair. “I came here not for the win or loss,” Li said. “I just hoped to hit a few good shots.” “I used to just rally back and forth — no matches at all,” she admits. “I only really started playing last year.” 4 The center launched off-peak “open play” sessions: play from 7 am to 4 pm for just under 40 yuan ($5.88). There, Li found her tribe — like-minded partners to practice with and organize friendly matches. That’s when tennis stopped being a casual hobby and became a serious passion. “Work and life are just like playing tennis. 5 What you have to do is get through them either way. On the tennis court, no matter how bad your form is, or how good your opponent is, you still have to face the match. Then you try to win through effort and by making the necessary adjustments,” Li said in the interview. A．Matches were out of the question. B．The game changer came early last year. C．The five-day tournament kicked off on May 13. D．There will always be smooth days and really tough days. E．The daily training program for a match actually stressed her out. F．She kept a balanced diet and stuck to a fixed routine before matches. G．The 30+ and 40+ categories remained the categories with the most participants. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·甘肃武威·阶段检测）In sports, the main goal is to win. However, achieving this requires more than just physical skills. 1 This spirit not only pushes athletes to work harder, but also fuels their self-belief and encourages them to take opportunities. Here are some effective ways to develop this important quality. ﹒Be supportive. 2 Coaches who offer positive feedback and helpful criticism not only help athletes sharpen their skills but also increase their confidence. Similarly, teammates supporting each other can promote cooperation. This greatly encourages teamwork and improves the overall performance of the whole team. ﹒ 3 It means keeping a balanced and polite manner, regardless of winning or losing. Moreover, teaching athletes to respect their opponents (对手) helps build good character, shape a positive team environment, and improve the sporting experience for everyone involved. ﹒Praise efforts and successes. Praise plays an important role in inspiring athletes. 4 This will show that you appreciate their hard work and drive them to carry on fighting for victory, so they are more likely to devote themselves to their personal and team goals. ﹒Encourage regular competition. Competitive matches are important because they provide athletes with opportunities to challenge themselves. By regularly competing in these contests, athletes can evaluate (评估) their performance under pressure and gain valuable understanding of both their strengths and limits. 5 These strategies help athletes develop a strong competitive spirit that not only enables athletes to focus on their careers but also prepares them for challenges both on and off the field. This mindset bridges the gap between talent and achievement, making it a key element of success for all athletes. A．Teach proper sportsmanship. B．Discover the hidden talents of players. C．A strong competitive spirit is of great importance. D．As a result, their mental toughness can be improved. E．Provide guidance and encouragement when necessary. F．That is why more practice sessions are essential for improvement. G．Be sure to celebrate their victories and improvements when they succeed. Passage 3 （2026·福建厦门·三模）In the spring of 2022, after a depressing 58-loss season, the Oklahoma City Thunder sat near the bottom of the NBA standings. 1 In just three seasons it rocketed from the bottom to the top of the league. How does a team improve so quickly? That question isn’t just about basketball. It’s about how any group can learn, adapt, and succeed in an age of accelerated change. During the past few years, my colleagues and I have been investigating a question: What do the best teams do differently? 2 And we collected detailed data on how their teams set priorities, make decisions, and cooperate. To identify members of high-performing teams, we had workers rate their team’s effectiveness and industry performance. Those rated highest were called “superteams”. 3 Superteams share three key strengths. Firstly, they get more done by managing time, energy, and attention more efficiently. Secondly, their members actively make one another better. Thirdly, they’re constantly building new skills and improving over time. It is that last strength that the Thunder has clearly mastered. 4 It’s part of a pattern that has defined the organization since it moved to Oklahoma City in 2008. After its arrival, the team entered a full rebuild, putting long-term progress before instant results. Yet in just four seasons it reached the NBA Finals, in 2012. The Thunder’s story is a reminder that success grows from the pursuit of improvement, the decisive leaders who spot and solve problems, and the motivated teams that cooperate well. Those are the habits that turn good teams into superteams. 5 A．But something remarkable happened. B．They work together towards the same goal. C．Its rapid rise over the past few years is not an accident. D．We found that superteam leaders are more likely to support employees. E．Any team can develop them, whether in basketball, business, or beyond. F．To find out, we surveyed over 6,000 knowledge workers across various industries. G．Among those superteams, the secret to high performance looked remarkably similar. 话题4艺术灵感与创新（共3篇） Passage 1 （25-26高二下·广东广州·期末）Photography has opened our eyes to a wealth of beauties we could never have noticed, things as ordinary as a fence, a chair, a vegetable. 1 And as technology develops, photographers have explored completely new ranges: those of the eagle, the microscope, the universe. 2 Photography depends on the integration of light, composition and moment. Light makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, it can make the image shine. 3 What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will see — but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter (快门) is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three are in balance, there is visual magic. Photographs bring us a world view unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Images used to be made to please, not to record reality. But as photography progressed, painterly rules were often rejected in the pursuit of fresh vision. 4 They invited the world to see with new eyes, and all of the arts began to draw new inspirations from this change. In this sense, photographers are not only scientists longing to “fix” an image but artistic pioneers. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more accessible. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined. 5 A．The same is true with composition. B．Why did photography change people’s vision? C．What is it that determines a photograph is beautiful? D．And there is beauty, often ignored, in nearly everything. E．Photography helps people discover various hidden secrets. F．Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad. G．Such items, once not worth an artist’s paint, are honored by photography. Passage 2 Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way. 1 ●Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting. 2 Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style. ● 3 This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it’s advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolour, oil painting or acrylic (丙烯酸颜料) or sketch (速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work — figurative (形象的) or abstract. ●Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artists mean can be very difficult. 4 So here’s a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油画布). Still, it doesn’t mean your understanding is the same as the artist’s. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees it. ●Search for Emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. 5 Explore the art work with your eyes. Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with art. A．Know the type of art and medium used. B．Discover your taste and styles. C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you. D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world. E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art. F．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist. G．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people. Passage 3 （2025·浙江·二模）The Enduring Power of Literature In an age dominated by digital media, the question of literature’s relevance has never been more pressing. 1 As a novelist and literary critic, I often turn to the insights of great writers who have delved into this question before me. Toni Morrison once said, “We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.” For Morrison, literature was not merely a form of entertainment. 2 Through language, we preserve our experiences, our emotions, and our very essence. James Baldwin, in his essay “The Creative Process”, argued that literature serves as a mirror and a map. He wrote, “ 3 ” Baldwin believed that literature had the power to confront uncomfortable truths and inspire social change. His works demonstrate how stories can simultaneously reflect reality and chart moral progress. The novel Go Tell It on the Mountain, for instance, not only exposed racial injustice in 1950s America but also envisioned paths toward empathy and reconciliation (和解). Milan Kundera, in “The Art of the Novel”, emphasized literature’s ability to explore the complexity of human existence. “The novel’s wisdom,” he claimed, “is different from the wisdom of philosophy. 4 ” For Kundera, literature’s value lies in its capacity to embrace life's contradictions without seeking simplistic resolutions. As I reflect on these perspectives, I am reminded of literature’s unique role in our lives. 5 By revealing unseen possibilities, it acts as both a time capsule of collective memory and a blueprint for unwritten futures. In a world increasingly driven by binary (二进制) thinking, literature offers a space for subtle difference, empathy, and profound understanding. A．It is an act of resistance against being forgotten. B．Literature's ability to entertain is its most important function. C．Literature provides clear answers to life's most difficult questions. D．Some even argue that literature has lost its place in modern society. E．It is not just a reflection of who we are but also a vision of who we might become. F．It is the wisdom of uncertainty, of ambiguity and of questioning rather than answering. G．It was through literature that we could see ourselves clearly and chart a course for our future. 话题5生物奥秘的探索与发现（共3篇） Passage 1 （2024·湖南永州·三模）As the seasons are starting to change around the world, the animal kingdom is on the move. Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there? 1 . Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something. It happens seasonally, and usually involves a return journey. These journeys can be by land, sea or air. 2 . Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink. Animals also migrate because of the weather. Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 3 . They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves. 4 , but how do they know when it is time to head off? For those who migrate to look for something to eat, scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it's time to begin their journey. Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter. So how do they know where to go? Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 5 . Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain. A．Below are some ways they get there B．Animals have their reasons for migrating C．Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years D．It's also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination E．Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north F．One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food G．For some animals, it's the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey Passage 2 （22-23高二上·湖南永州·期中）In the animal kingdom, parents adopt babies that aren’t their own, and even other species. Why do they do it? For foster(领养) parents, there are huge costs, with no promise of passing on genes. 1 , because it seems to be wholly altruistic(利他主义的). But this makes it especially confusing in animals, who do not have the cultural influences we do. One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is AnoNuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. 2 From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowded beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year were separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently. The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly, some adult seals were more likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing, all the foster parents were female. 3 Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why might this be? One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on. Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation(排卵). 4 Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. 5 the motivation towards care may be so great that they redirect their attention onto other unrelated little animals. A．Considering the absence of their own young B．Scientists have long been interested in adoption C．Once a year, it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth D．Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family E．That’s unsurprising, for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse F．In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season G．Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger Passage 3 （26-27高三上·广东广州·开学考试）Why are there penguins living outdoors in summer? The OZEANEUM in northern Germany has a rocky pool on its rooftop. Every now and then, a fluffy brown-and-white head comes out from one of the artificial nesting caves — a penguin. I had to look twice. 1 Yet these birds appeared perfectly comfortable. For a moment, I wondered if my eyes were playing tricks on me. Had someone forgotten to tell them they belong in Antarctica? No. These are Humboldt penguins, one of the few species that naturally live in warm regions of South America. I had always associated penguins with snow and ice. 2 The Humboldt penguin is native to the coastal area from Peru to central Chile. Some groups even live surprisingly close to the equator. The species was named after Alexander von Humboldt, who first observed them on his expedition. Unlike their Antarctic relatives, Humboldt penguins have spent millions of years adapting to warmer environments. Their feathers are lighter, and they have bare pink skin around their eyes for cooling. They also have a slimmer body shape to release heat more efficiently. 3 Yet even these adaptations cannot fully explain their success near the tropics. 4 During his expedition, Humboldt found coastal waters unexpectedly cold and identified a vast current from Antarctica. Today known as the Humboldt Current, it cools the sea and the air above it, creating a mild coastal climate. 5 Cold water rising from the deep carries rich nutrients to the surface, feeding huge fish populations and providing a reliable food source for the penguins. That’s why Humboldt penguins deserve the name: without the Humboldt Current, they would almost not exist. A．The answer lies in the Humboldt Current. B．But nature, as it often does, had another story to tell. C．All these physical adaptations help them cope with the heat. D．It was late July and the rooftop was baking under direct sunshine. E．This explains why they are found along the coasts of South America. F．However, penguins actually prefer a much warmer place than we think. G．More importantly, the current supports one of the richest ocean ecosystems. 话题6生态保护与可持续发展（共3篇） Passage 1 （26-27高三上·湖北武汉·阶段检测）Imagine you’re a kid in an elementary school. You have spent all morning learning new words and practicing multiplication. Then finally, it is time for a break. You run out of the stuffy school building, only to find a large area of burning hot blacktop. 1 . Due to decades of paving entire schoolyards to reduce maintenance costs, this is the reality for thousands of city school children. Lamont was one of them. Lack of access to nature does more than reduce social and emotional well-being. Asphalt (沥青) surfaces absorb and give off more heat, creating the “heat island effect,” which can negatively impact human health. 2 . When rainwater washes these substances away, they end up polluting rivers and streams. However, thanks to Reflo and his partners, these lifeless blacktops are being replaced with rich natural environments where kids can learn and play. During the three-year design process, each school chooses which natural elements they want to include, from pollinator (传粉者) gardens to soccer fields to micro-forests. Most schools will include a bioswale (低洼地) that manages stormwater. 3 . The new schoolyards are built over the summer to minimize the impact on the academic year, and the habitats support wildlife, like butterflies and bees. “ 4 ,” said Lamont. “Thousands of young people, including some of the most socially and economically disadvantaged children, will have significantly better experiences, and they can take a lot of pride in their schools.” Schoolyards are the best strategic investment for environmental improvement. 5 . These benefits, in turn, contribute to improved academic performance. What’s more, once the school day is over, the schoolyards are open to the public and serve as community parks. A．They also concentrate pollutants B．Reflo’s work is truly transformational C．They will also add outdoor classrooms D．There isn’t a single tree or any grass in sight E．The flat surface seems perfect for playing games F．Nature reduces stress and boosts creative thinking G．These surfaces prevent water from entering the ground Passage 2 （2026·江苏扬州·三模）Everyone loves balloons, as they are often associated with a sense of ceremony. From birthdays to memorials, these colorful items remain popular. However, as their popularity grows, so does the concern for our planet. 1 . The biggest issue is that balloons are single-use plastics. Even those marketed as biodegradable (可降解的) often contain chemicals that prevent them from breaking down for years. Scientists have found that balloons are more likely to kill seabirds. 2 . These traps cause a slow death for animals by preventing them from eating properly. There is also a common misunderstanding that balloons simply disappear after flying away. In reality, their journey is far from over. 3 . For instance, a balloon launched in England was once found 10,000 miles away in Australia. Since their flight paths are uncontrollable, these balloons often end up on beaches or fields, remaining there for years. Beyond the problem of waste, the consumption of helium (氦气) in party balloons is being questioned. As a limited resource, Helium is essential for medical equipment, such as MRI scanners. 4 . Some scientists warn that using such a precious material for short-term fun is unwise and predict that future generations will find our current waste hard to believe. As awareness grows, many people are now calling for a complete ban on balloon releases. Nearly 100 UK local authorities have already made it illegal. To protect our environment, experts suggest choosing creative and sustainable alternatives. 5 . Perhaps it is time to find new ways to celebrate that truly make a positive difference. A．We can still mark special occasions with the same sense of joy. B．This is because their remaining pieces are often mistaken for food. C．We should reuse these plastic balloons for future party decorations. D．Once released, it escapes into the atmosphere and cannot be recovered. E．In many cases, these colorful objects break into small pieces and disappear. F．What is perceived as a beautiful release is actually a persistent threat to nature. G．Capable of traveling thousands of miles, they eventually land as waste in remote areas. Passage 3 （26-27高三上·四川·开学考试）Forest farming is a way to put forested areas on your property to good use by growing edible (可食用) and medicinal plants that prefer wooded settings to traditional garden plots. 1 Just about any plot of wooded area on your property will do. And you don’t even need to fancy yourself a gardener. 2 Much of the effort, organization, and prep work of traditional farming isn’t required when planting in the woods. You don’t need to clear land, plant in rows and water young plants every day. In fact, there are few rules. You can do it any way you really want to. But before you start planting, take time to learn what’s native in the area you live. 3 Therefore, what grows best depends on location, and choosing wisely can help you invest your time in plants that have the best chance of growing well. Then see what’s already growing on your land. If it’s growing well without your help, it’ll likely do well if you plant more. If identifying plants isn’t your strong point, invite a local forester to walk your property with you or contact a local extension office to learn more. 4 Someone can come and survey your land with you to help you identify what’s already growing. When you’re ready to plant, start with just one or two forest crops that have value to you and your family. For example, if your kids love jam, plant regionally-appropriate berry bushes. 5 A．That will depend on your property. B．The beauty of forest farming is obvious. C．That said, the process can be as hands-on as you like. D．Every state has its own soil type and climate conditions. E．You don’t have to have much land to start a forest farm. F．Your local forestry service may even offer you a service. G．If you enjoy the fruits of your labor, it’ll hardly feel like labor at all. 本题以现代人参观美术馆时过度依赖手机、忽视艺术作品本身的现象为切入点，引导学生反思数字时代的快节奏生活方式，认识深度观察和沉浸式审美的价值，培养审美感知、独立思考和自我反思能力。 （25-26高二上·山东青岛·期末）In galleries around the world, visitors spend an average of 15 seconds reading a wall label and a mere three seconds actually looking at the artwork beside it. Art, like much else today, has become something to consume rather than appreciate. 1 Our visual lives are overloaded, shaped by endlessly checking the phone and a significant amount of imagery on the internet. Gallery visits, too, can feel rushed. Crowds, noise, tiredness and the potential pressure to move along all go against meaningful engagement. Even the rhythm of exhibitions-crowded introductory rooms, long texts, carefully managed flow-encourages looking to be fast and structured. Yet the act of seeing, not fast looking, is an active process. 2 The faster we move, the less we truly perceive. What gets lost in this hurry is the exchange between viewer and artwork: the space where emotion, insight and imagination meet. Slow looking is a cure to the pace of modern life. 3 The simplest and hardest step is to put away the phone. By disconnecting from the constant stream of images, attention is regained. 4 Information can wait; observation cannot. Spend time with the work itself-its colors, forms and moods. Notice where your eyes rest, how your body feels, and what emotions emerge. The rewards of looking slowly are profound. Beyond the aesthetic (美感), the act can be refreshing, even transformative. Research shows that engaging with art in person improves wellbeing, which artists, philosophers and poets have long felt in their bones. 5 A．The behaviour is hardly surprising. B．It is not a method but a habit to be formed. C．Art speaks softly where words often fall silent. D．True engagement takes time and careful thought. E．Then resist the urge to read the label straight away. F．So slow your steps the next time you’re in a gallery. G．The artwork makes an impact on visitors of all ages. 本题围绕失败引发的启动疲劳和执行疲劳展开，通过作者的亲身经历探讨不同心理状态及应对策略，引导学生认识问题产生的不同原因，培养分类分析、逻辑推理和解决问题的能力。 Failure is likely the most tiring experience one ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding. 1 In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. 2 Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the most difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works. 3 Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can  then let the unconsciousness (无意识) take over. When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. 4 One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. 5 In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. A．My fatigue became almost unbearable. B．I felt depressed and gave it up eventually. C．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. D．Use your unconsciousness and you can reduce your tiredness. E．An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. F．The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first. G．Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. 本题以世界巨型南瓜比赛为背景，介绍植物生长中的养分竞争、细胞分裂、细胞扩张及遗传差异等科学原理，引导学生从有趣的生活现象出发探究植物生长机制，培养科学思维、逻辑推理和实证分析能力。 （25-26高二上·四川成都·期中）In early October, Travis Gienger transported a huge pumpkin from his home in Minnesota to the World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in California. His pumpkin set the record for the biggest one ever grown in North America. How do competitive growers get their pumpkins to grow to massive sizes? 1 Gienger, who teaches horticulture (园艺学) at Anoka Technical College, begins growing his pumpkins in mid-April, starting with seeds that he grows indoors for the first few weeks, when Minnesota’s soil is too icy. 2 They can absorb sunlight, nutrients from the soil, and water there. “At their peak, you’re watering them with at least 600 liters a day,” he says. Depending on the variety, pumpkin plants can grow up to a dozen fruits on a single vine (藤蔓). But to maximize size, growers remove all but one or two of these pumpkins in order to decrease each individual fruit’s competition for resources. 3 But what exactly happens inside a pumpkin as it grows? Two factors drive natural growth: cell division and cell expansion. Cell division accounts for most of the growth at the beginning of a fruit’s life. This period lasts for about 20 days in pumpkin plants. 4 Pumpkin cells will expand until around 50 or 60 days after pollination (授粉). 5 Some varieties of pumpkins have been bred specifically to maximize their size. Still, there is genetic variation even among pumpkins of the same variety. This has led to competition for the best seeds. Following each harvest, many growers auction off (拍卖掉) the seeds from their biggest pumpkins, which will then be used for the following year’s plantings. A．Biology has the answers. B．Genetics also influences pumpkin growth. C．The following tips will give you a head start. D．When it stops, cell expansion will then take effect. E．Once it warms up, the plants are transferred outside. F．Growers extend the growth period for as long as possible. G．Growers also remove the weeds in the area for the same reason. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $