内容正文:
Unit 3 To be a good learner Word power
课时基本信息
课 题
Unit 3 To be a good learner — Word power
课 型
词汇课(第四课时·45分钟)
年 级
八年级上册
版 本
译林版(2024)英语八年级上册
教学重难点
【教学重点】
熟练运用后缀 -er、-or、-ist 构成表示职业/身份的名词(print→printer、invent→inventor、tour→tourist),掌握三条拼写变化规则:重读闭音节双写末尾辅音(win→winner)、去不发音 e(dance→dancer、science→scientist)、学科/乐器词加 -ist(piano→pianist)
【教学难点】
准确掌握双写辅音、去 e 等拼写变化规则(plan→planner 双写 n、photograph→photographer),-er、-or、-ist 三个后缀的辨析——-or 多用于 -t/-te/-ct/-ss 结尾的动词,-ist 常加在学科、艺术或乐器类名词后
词汇速览
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家(invent+or;-or 多用于以 -t、-te、-ct、-ss 等结尾的动词后——Franklin was also an inventor and made many useful things for daily life. 富兰克林也是位发明家,为日常生活做了许多有用的东西。)
scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家(science 去 e 加 -ist;-ist 常加在学科、艺术或乐器类名词后,强调专业性——Moreover, Franklin was a scientist, and many of his findings played an important role in the history of science. 此外,富兰克林是位科学家,他的许多发现在科学史上起了重要作用。)
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 印刷工;打印机(print+er 直接加;-er 最常用——When he was a young man, he worked as a printer. 他年轻时当过印刷工。)
slashie /ˈslæʃi/ n. 斜杠青年(拥有多种职业身份的人——A slashie is someone good at many different jobs. 斜杠青年是擅长多种不同工作的人。Xiao Yi is a great designer. He's also a singer and dancer. 小易是出色的设计师,也是歌手和舞者。)
(一)导入 · 富兰克林的身份
【过渡语】上节 Reading 读完了富兰克林——他这一生身兼数职,今天就学「给身份造词」的构词法。
Free talk:What do most people know Benjamin Franklin for?——writer(作家)、scientist(科学家)、inventor(发明家)——三个身份词正好来自今天要学的三个后缀。
追问:How to form the words in red?(红色词怎么构成的?)——writer=write+er、scientist=science+ist、inventor=invent+or,本课线索一举。
【提示框】
上节课的三个头衔 writer/scientist/inventor 就是本课的三张「身份证」——词根+后缀=身份词。
(二)规则总述 · 三后缀配方
The suffixes -er, -or and -ist:We can add the suffix -er, -or or -ist to certain words to create nouns that describe people who do a specific job or activity.(在后缀 -er/-or/-ist 前加某些词,构成表示「做特定工作或活动的人」的名词。)
TIP: Sometimes we need to change the ending of the verb/noun when we add the suffix——dance→dancer(去 e)、win→winner(双写 n)、piano→pianist、science→scientist(去 e)。示例表:print+er→printer(印刷工);invent+or→inventor(发明家);tour+ist→tourist(游客)。
Franklin 短文印证:When he was a young man, he worked as a printer and kept developing his skills as a writer. He was also an inventor and made many useful things for daily life. Moreover, Franklin was a scientist, and many of his findings played an important role in the history of science.——He is a printer, a writer, an inventor and a scientist.
【知识点】
▶三条配方一线穿:动词/名词+后缀→「人」;print+er、invent+or、tour+ist 三例各配一个后缀——TIP 的四个词尾变化(去 e/双写)先混个脸熟,下一步细讲。
三后缀规则与示例表页
(三)三后缀详解 · 各有领地
【过渡语】三个后缀不是随机分配——各有各的「领地」。
①-er 最常用:加在动词或名词后表职业或行为者——teacher(源自 teach)、driver(源自 drive)、farmer(源自 farm);它还能作比较级(taller 更高的、faster 更快的)——一词两用别混淆。
②-or:多源自拉丁语动词词根,强调专业性身份或主动执行动作的主体——actor(源自 act)、inventor(源自 invent);部分词既可指人也可指工具或抽象功能——conductor(导体/指挥)、detector(探测器/检测人员)。③-ist:表示职业或专业身份,强调专业性或系统性知识背景——scientist(源自 science)、violinist(小提琴家,源自 violin);也可表理念或信仰——socialist(社会主义者)、nationalist(民族主义者)。
【知识点】
▶领地分工:-er 是「大众款」(动词直接加)、-or 是「专业款」(多用于 -t/-te/-ct/-ss 结尾动词)、-ist 是「学术款」(学科/艺术/乐器/信仰)——拿不准词根类型时,先想这个词属于哪片领地。
(四)十词转换 · 拼写实战
Change the following words into nouns for people by adding the suffixes -er, -or and -ist. You may use a dictionary to help you.(给下列词加后缀变成表人的名词,可查词典)
1 plan→planner(重读闭音节双写 n)2 own→owner(直接加)3 art→artist(直接加)4 win→winner(双写 n)5 write→writer(去 e 加 er)6 piano→pianist(直接加 ist)7 biology→biologist(y 变 i 加 ist——biology→biolog+ist)8 visit→visitor(直接加 or)9 publish→publisher(直接加)10 manage→manager(去 e 加 er)
【知识点】
▶十词四类变化:直接加(owner/artist/visitor/publisher)、双写(planner/winner)、去 e(writer/manager)、y 变 i(biologist——biology 以辅音+y 结尾,变 i 再加 ist)——拼写变化全在这四类里,逐词过一遍拼写关。
【提示框】
plan 与 win 同理:重读闭音节+末尾单辅音→双写再加(plan-n-er、win-n-er)——「一元一辅」夹在中间就双写。
十词转换练习页
(五)头脑风暴 · 后缀词库
Can you brainstorm as many words ending in -er, -or and -ist as possible?(你能想出多少以 -er/-or/-ist 结尾的词?)——Words ending in -er: farmer, driver, gardener...(农民、司机、园丁);Words ending in -or: director, actor, editor...(导演、演员、编辑);Words ending in -ist: journalist, chemist, physicist...(记者、化学家、物理学家)。
小组竞赛:每组认领一个后缀,两分钟内写词最多且拼写正确的小组获胜——写完按「直接加/拼写变化」给每个词贴标签。
【知识点】
▶词库按后缀归档:新词遇到先问「词根是什么+加了什么后缀」——构词法是词汇的「批量生产线」,会一条规则等于多记一批词。
(六)slashie 语篇 · 六空实战
【过渡语】现在的年轻人身兼数职,有了个新词——slashie(斜杠青年)。听吴老师怎么说。
Amy is asking Mr Wu about the meaning of "slashie". Complete what Mr Wu says with the correct forms of the words in brackets:
A slashie is someone good at many different jobs. For example, Xiao Yi is a great (1) designer (design). He's also a (2) singer (sing) and (3) dancer (dance). Liang Xu is a (4) biologist (biology). She's also an amazing (5) photographer (photograph) and (6) writer (write). Today, there are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. So, we'll see even more slashies in the future.(斜杠青年是擅长多种不同工作的人。小易是出色的设计师,也是歌手和舞者;梁旭是生物学家,也是出色的摄影师和作家。如今人们有越来越多机会在不同领域发展兴趣,未来会看到更多斜杠青年。)
【知识点】
▶六空全走「a/an+身份词」结构:不定冠词后必接单数可数名词→加后缀变人;dancer 别忘去 e、biologist 别忘 y 变 i——designer/singer 直接加,photographer 注意重音在 to(pho-TO-gra-pher)拼写别丢 o。
【提示框】
第 3 空 dance→dancer 走「去 e 加 er」线;第 4 空 biology→biologist 走「辅音字母+y→i 加 ist」线——两条拼写规则各考一次。
slashie 斜杠青年六空页
(七)写伟大学习者 · 三位名人
Write about great learners you know, using the suffixes -er, -or and -ist.(用三个后缀写你认识的伟大学习者)三例:
①Marie Curie——a famous scientist. She was both a physicist and a chemist. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. She was also a great educator for women in science.(著名科学家,物理学家兼化学家,首位获诺贝尔奖的女性,也是科学领域女性教育的伟大推动者)②Yuan Longping——a Chinese scientist known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice"(杂交水稻之父). He was also a teacher and a professor at university. His work helped China and many other countries feed more people. But in his heart, he considered himself as a farmer.(杂交水稻之父,也是大学教师和教授,帮助中国和许多国家养活更多人,但他自认为是个农民)③Lin Huiyin——a famous Chinese architect and writer. She helped design many beautiful buildings and also wrote lovely poems and stories.(著名建筑学家和作家,参与设计许多美丽建筑,也写下动人诗篇)
【知识点】
▶三位名人=三个后缀展台:Curie 的 scientist/physicist/chemist/educator(-ist 家族+教师)、Yuan 的 scientist/professor/farmer(-or 线与 farmer)、Lin 的 architect/writer(-er 线)——写作时每句至少放一个身份词,后缀词就是「身份证句」的主语补足语。
【提示框】
Yuan Longping 一身三衔(scientist/teacher/farmer)正好是本课主题「多元身份」的中文注脚——伟大学习者常常身兼数职。
三位伟大学习者示例页
(八)语言点精讲 · 两组深化
【过渡语】练完了再回头精讲——两组语言点把后缀规则钉死。
①A printer prints books and newspapers. An inventor invents new things. A tourist visits places for pleasure. 印刷工印刷书籍和报纸。发明家发明新事物。游客为了乐趣而游览各地。——三个后缀加在动词或名词后构成表示「人」的名词:-er 最常用,通常直接加在动词后(teach→teacher),以不发音 e 结尾去 e 加 -er(dance→dancer),重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 -er(win→winner);-or 多用于以 -t、-te、-ct、-ss 等结尾的动词后(invent→inventor; visit→visitor),部分词属固定搭配需单独记忆(manager);-ist 常加在学科、艺术或乐器类名词后(piano→pianist; science→scientist; art→artist),注意拼写变化(science 去 e 加 -ist)。
②win→winner; dance→dancer; piano→pianist; science→scientist(获胜→获胜者;跳舞→舞者;钢琴→钢琴家;科学→科学家)——添加后缀并非总是直接拼接,需遵循三条核心拼写规则:①重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音再加后缀(win-n-er);②以不发音的 e 结尾时,先去掉 e 再加后缀(danc-er、scienc-ist);③以 -o 结尾的乐器/学科词直接加 -ist(pian-ist),但需注意个别例外。掌握这些规则是正确拼写派生词的关键。
【知识点】
▶两组钉成两句话:三后缀三分领地(-er 大众/-or 专业/-ist 学术),拼写三规则(双写/去 e/直接加)——检测第 1 题 teach→teacher(直接加)与五道词形全部落在这两句话上。
【提示框】
检测第 1 题排除法走拼写规则:dancor(误,应为 dancer 去 e)、winer(误,winner 双写)、sciencer(误,应为 scientist 去 e 加 ist)——只有 teach→teacher 直接加正确,选 C;第 2 题 biologist 的 -ist 表「专长于某学科或职业」选 C。
(九)随堂检测
限时独立完成随堂检测(本课构词法),完成后同桌互批,逐题核对订正。
一、1. C 2. C 二、3. designer 4. pianist 5. winner 6. chemist 7. photographer
一、单项选择
1. Which of the following words is formed correctly with the suffix -er? A. dance → dancor B. win → winer C. teach → teacher D. science → sciencer
2. The word "biologist" uses the suffix -ist because it refers to someone who specializes in __________. A. a tool or machine B. a comparative degree C. a field of study or profession D. an action being performed
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
3. My uncle is a talented __________ (design). He creates beautiful logos for companies.
4. She practices piano every day and dreams of becoming a famous __________ (piano).
5. The __________ (win) of the speech contest will receive a trophy and a certificate.
6. Marie Curie was not only a physicist but also a great __________ (chemistry).
7. As a professional __________ (photograph), he travels around the world to capture amazing moments.
(十)小结与作业
Summary:学习了通过后缀 -er、-or、-ist 构成表示「人」的名词的构词法。需特别注意拼写变化规则:重读闭音节双写末尾辅音(win→winner)、去不发音 e(dance→dancer, science→scientist)、乐器/学科词加 -ist(piano→pianist)。掌握此规律有助于高效扩展词汇量并理解人物身份表达。
Homework:Review——Make a word map listing at least 5 words for each suffix (-er, -or, -ist) with their base forms and spelling rules. 制作词汇导图:每个后缀至少列 5 个词,标注词根与拼写规则。Preview——Preview the next lesson. 预习下一课。
【提示框】
词汇导图按「词根→拼写变化→派生词」三栏画——写满 15 词,本课构词法就焊牢了。
语言点归纳
课堂总结
本课为单元词汇课(第四课时):导入——复习富兰克林:What do most people know Benjamin Franklin for?——a writer, a scientist, an inventor(writer/scientist/inventor 正是本课三个后缀的代言人)。规则总述:We can add the suffix -er, -or or -ist to certain words to create nouns that describe people who do a specific job or activity.(在后缀 -er/-or/-ist 前加某些词,构成表示从事特定职业或活动的人的名词。)TIP:有时加后缀需改变词尾——dance→dancer(去 e)、win→winner(双写 n)、piano→pianist、science→scientist(去 e)。示例表:print+er→printer(印刷工)、invent+or→inventor(发明家)、tour+ist→tourist(游客)。Franklin 短文印证:Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents. When he was a young man, he worked as a printer and kept developing his skills as a writer. He was also an inventor and made many useful things for daily life. Moreover, Franklin was a scientist, and many of his findings played an important role in the history of science.——He is a printer, a writer, an inventor and a scientist. 三后缀详解:①-er 最常用,加在动词或名词后表职业或行为者(teacher 源自 teach、driver 源自 drive、farmer 源自 farm);也可作比较级(taller、faster)。②-or 多源自拉丁语动词词根,强调专业性身份(actor 源自 act、inventor 源自 invent);部分词可指工具或抽象功能(conductor 导体/指挥、detector 探测器)。③-ist 表示职业或专业身份,强调专业性或系统知识(scientist 源自 science、violinist 源自 violin);也可表理念或信仰(socialist、nationalist)。十词转换实战:1 plan→planner(双写 n)2 own→owner 3 art→artist 4 win→winner(双写 n)5 write→writer(去 e)6 piano→pianist 7 biology→biologist 8 visit→visitor 9 publish→publisher 10 manage→manager。头脑风暴:-er——farmer, driver, gardener...;-or——director, actor, editor...;-ist——journalist, chemist, physicist... slashie 语篇六空:A slashie is someone good at many different jobs. Xiao Yi is a great (1) designer(设计). He's also a (2) singer(歌手)and (3) dancer(舞者). Liang Xu is a (4) biologist(生物学家). She's also an amazing (5) photographer(摄影师)and (6) writer(作家). Today, there are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. So, we'll see even more slashies in the future. 写伟大学习者三例:Marie Curie——a famous scientist, both a physicist and a chemist, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, also a great educator for women in science;Yuan Longping——a Chinese scientist known as the「Father of Hybrid Rice」(杂交水稻之父), also a teacher and a professor at university, his work helped China and many other countries feed more people, but in his heart he considered himself as a farmer;Lin Huiyin——a famous Chinese architect and writer, helped design many beautiful buildings and also wrote lovely poems and stories. 语言点两组:三后缀加法详述(-er 直接加/去 e/双写;-or 多用于 -t、-te、-ct、-ss 结尾动词,manager 属固定搭配需单独记;-ist 加在学科、艺术、乐器类名词后,science 去 e);三条拼写核心规则(重读闭音节双写末尾辅音 win-n-er;去不发音 e danc-er/scienc-ist;-o 结尾乐器/学科词直接加 -ist pian-ist)。随堂检测:选择两题+词形五题。
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