Unit 1-8 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

九年级英语(沪教版)上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 九年级英语(沪教版)上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 (Unit 1—8 ) 依据沪教版九年级上册教材的单元话题与语法体系编写,涵盖一般过去时与现在完成时、used to 结构、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、被动语态、情态动词与反身代词等内容。每个易错点按【易错点】【错因分析】【正误对比】【语法规则】四栏展开,错因分析侧重英汉表达差异与句法机制,配套练习附参考答案。 Unit 1 Great people 【单元话题】 了解中外杰出人物的事迹,感悟其品格与贡献 【语法项目】 一般过去时与现在完成时;used to 结构;定语从句(关系代词 who / which / that) 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:一般过去时与现在完成时混用 【典型表现】 把 Wang Zhenyi wrote many poems in 1797 写成 Wang Zhenyi has written many poems in 1797,在有明确过去时间状语的句子中误用现在完成时;也常把 have seen 与 yesterday 连用。 【错因分析】 汉语的“写了”不区分时态,“昨天看了”“已经看了”在汉语里可以共用一个“了”字,学生因此把“动作在过去发生”与“动作对现在有影响”混为一谈。英语中一般过去时强调动作在过去某个时间发生并结束,常与 yesterday、last month、in 1797、two days ago 等明确过去时间状语连用;现在完成时强调动作对现在造成的影响或结果,不能与明确过去时间状语连用。 【正误对比】 【错例】Wang Zhenyi has written many poems in 1797. 【正例】Wang Zhenyi wrote many poems in 1797. 【错例】She has joined the science club last month. 【正例】She joined the science club last month. 【错例】I have seen this film yesterday. 【正例】I saw this film yesterday. 【语法规则】 一般过去时与现在完成时的分工:句中含 yesterday、last week、in 1797、two days ago 等明确过去时间状语时用一般过去时;含 already、yet、ever、never、just、since、for + 时间段等状语时用现在完成时。 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找句中的时间状语,再确定时态。 易错点 2:used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 三者混用 【典型表现】 把 He used to study hard when he was young 写成 He is used to study hard when he was young;把 I am used to getting up early 写成 I used to getting up early。 【错因分析】 这三个结构外形相近而意义与语法完全不同:used to do 表示“过去常常做某事”,暗含现在已不再如此,to 是不定式符号,后接动词原形;be used to doing 表示“习惯于做某事”,to 是介词,后接动名词;be used to do 表示“被用来做某事”,是情态被动结构,to 后接动词原形。学生只记外形不辨意义,遇到题目便凭语感套用,导致三者混用。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is used to study hard when he was young. 【正例】He used to study hard when he was young. 【错例】I used to getting up early now. 【正例】I am used to getting up early now. 【错例】Wood is used to making paper. 【正例】Wood is used to make paper. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看主语与动词的关系:表示“过去常常”用 used to + 动词原形,句中有 when he was young 这类过去时间提示;表示“习惯于”用 be used to + 动名词,句中有 now 这类现在时间提示;表示“被用来”用 be used to + 动词原形,主语通常是物。 易错点 3:定语从句关系代词 who / which / that 的选用错误 【典型表现】 把 the woman who loved science 写成 the woman which loved science;或把关系代词作主语时省略,写出 The man helped me is my teacher 这类双谓语结构。 【错因分析】 汉语的定语用“的”连接,不区分先行词是人还是物,学生因此随意选用关系代词。英语中关系代词的选择取决于先行词:先行词指人用 who / whom / that,指物用 which / that;关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略,否则从句与主句会出现两个谓语。 【正误对比】 【错例】Wang Zhenyi is a woman which loved science. 【正例】Wang Zhenyi is a woman who loved science. 【错例】This is the book who changed my life. 【正例】This is the book which changed my life. 【错例】The man helped me is my teacher. 【正例】The man who helped me is my teacher. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先找出先行词,再看它指人还是指物,最后看关系代词在从句中充当什么成分。指人用 who / that,指物用 which / that;作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略。 易错点 4:描述人物成就的固定搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 He is famous for his poems 写成 He is famous as his poems;把 be born on May 5th 写成 be born in May 5th。 【错因分析】 汉语的“以……闻名”“出生于”都没有搭配上的约束,学生因此随意选取介词。英语中这些搭配是固定的:be famous for 表示“因……而闻名”,后接特点或成就;be famous as 表示“作为……而闻名”,后接身份或职业。be born 后接年份、月份或地点时用 in,接具体某一天时用 on。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is famous as his poems. 【正例】He is famous for his poems. 【错例】She is famous for a scientist. 【正例】She is famous as a scientist. 【错例】He was born in May 5th, 1990. 【正例】He was born on May 5th, 1990. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看介词后接的是成就特点还是身份职业:接成就用 for,接身份用 as。be born 后接年月或地点用 in,接具体某一天用 on。 易错点 5:一般过去时被动语态的构成错误 【典型表现】 把 The novel was written by Mark Twain 写成 The novel was wrote by Mark Twain;把 He was born in 1768 写成 He is born in 1768。 【错因分析】 学生已经知道被动语态是“be + 过去分词”,但在过去时中容易只改 be 动词而忘记保持过去分词,直接把过去式填进去,形成 was wrote 这类错误。一般过去时的被动语态结构为 was / were + 过去分词,两个部分缺一不可,且 be 动词须与主语的人称和数一致。 【正误对比】 【错例】The novel was wrote by Mark Twain. 【正例】The novel was written by Mark Twain. 【错例】He is born in 1768. 【正例】He was born in 1768. 【错例】The bridge was build in 1990. 【正例】The bridge was built in 1990. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认主语是动作的承受者,再按主语的人称和数确定 was 或 were,最后把动词变为过去分词。注意 write written、build built、tell told 等不规则形式。 易错点 6:现在完成时中 since / for / ago 的混用 【典型表现】 把 He has lived here since 2020 写成 He has lived here for 2020;把 She has worked here for five years 写成 since five years;把 I finished it two days ago 写成 I have finished it two days ago。 【错因分析】 汉语的“从 2020 年起”“五年了”都用同一个说法,学生因此把 since 与 for 混用;又因为“两天前”在汉语里也能说“已经完成”,学生便把 ago 与现在完成时连用。英语中 for 后接时间段,回答“多久”;since 后接时间点或从句,回答“从何时起”;ago 表示“……以前”,只能与一般过去时连用。 【正误对比】 【错例】He has lived here for 2020. 【正例】He has lived here since 2020. 【错例】She has worked here since five years. 【正例】She has worked here for five years. 【错例】I have finished it two days ago. 【正例】I finished it two days ago. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看后面接的是时间段还是时间点:时间段用 for,时间点用 since。看到 ago 就改用一般过去时,不再用现在完成时。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Wang Zhenyi (write) many poems in the Qing dynasty. 2. He (be) born in 1768 in Anhui Province. 3. The novel (write) by Mark Twain in 1876. 4. I (be) used to (get) up early now. 5. He (use) to play the piano when he was young. 6. She (live) here since 2020. 7. The woman discovered the star is a scientist.(填关系代词) 8. He is famous his poems.(填介词) 9. Wood (use) to make paper. 10. They (finish) the work two days ago. 二、按要求改写句子 1. Wang Zhenyi wrote many poems.(改为被动语态) 2. He is a great scientist. He discovered the law.(用 who 合并为定语从句) 3. He moved here in 2020 and still lives here.(用 since 改写为现在完成时) 4. Mark Twain wrote the novel.(改为被动语态) 5. He often played football. He doesn't play it now.(用 used to 改写) 三、单句改错(诊断改错) 下面每个句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. Wang Zhenyi has written many poems in 1797. 2. He is used to study hard when he was young. 3. Wang Zhenyi is a woman which loved science. 4. He is famous as his poems. 5. The novel was wrote by Mark Twain. 6. He has lived here for 2020. 7. She has worked here since five years. 8. The man helped me is my teacher. 9. He was born in May 5th, 1990. 10. I have seen this film yesterday. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Zhenyi (1) (be) a famous female scientist in the Qing dynasty. She (2) (be) born in 1768 in Anhui Province. She was a woman (3) loved both science and poetry. She (4) (write) many poems and scientific works during her short life. Her works (5) (publish) after her death. Today she (6) (be) famous (7) her great achievements in astronomy and mathematics. Many students (8) (learn) about her since they were young. Her story (9) (tell) in many books, and it encourages us (10) (work) hard for our dreams. Unit 2 Great ideas 【单元话题】 了解推动人类进步的伟大思想与发明创造 【语法项目】 宾语从句(引导词、语序、时态呼应);it 作形式主语 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:宾语从句的语序错误 【典型表现】 把 Can you tell me where the library is 写成 Can you tell me where is the library;把 I don't know what does he want 写成疑问语序。 【错因分析】 学生已经熟练掌握特殊疑问句的疑问语序,于是在把它变成宾语从句时仍保留疑问语序。汉语的“你知道他在哪儿吗”语序与陈述句基本一致,学生缺少“从句须还原为陈述语序”的意识。英语宾语从句必须用陈述语序,即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”,即使主句是疑问句,从句也不受其影响。 【正误对比】 【错例】Can you tell me where is the library? 【正例】Can you tell me where the library is? 【错例】I don't know what does he want. 【正例】I don't know what he wants. 【错例】Do you know when will the meeting begin? 【正例】Do you know when the meeting will begin? 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先把从句还原为一个独立句子确定引导词,再改用陈述语序,最后按主句时态调整。含 be 动词时把 be 动词移到主语之后,含助动词时去掉助动词并让实义动词承担人称变化。 易错点 2:宾语从句引导词 that / if / whether 的误用 【典型表现】 把 I don't know whether he will come or not 写成 I don't know that he will come or not;把 I think that he is right 中的 that 误换成 if。 【错因分析】 学生容易把 that 当作宾语从句的通用引导词,忽略从句的语义类型。宾语从句的引导词由原句句式决定:原句为陈述句用 that(口语中常省略);原句为一般疑问句用 if 或 whether;原句为特殊疑问句用相应的疑问词。此外 whether 可与 or not 直接连用,if 一般不能。 【正误对比】 【错例】I don't know that he will come or not. 【正例】I don't know whether he will come or not. 【错例】He asked me that I was a student. 【正例】He asked me if I was a student. 【错例】I think if he is right. 【正例】I think that he is right. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先还原从句原来的句式:原来是陈述句用 that,原来是一般疑问句用 if / whether,原来是特殊疑问句用相应疑问词。看到句末有 or not 时优先用 whether。 易错点 3:宾语从句的时态呼应错误 【典型表现】 把 He said that he was busy 写成 He said that he is busy;把 She told me she would come 写成 she will come。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握宾语从句的语序,但容易忽略时态还要与主句呼应。汉语的“他说他很忙”中从句时态不随主句变化,学生因此保留原时态。英语中如果主句谓语是过去时,宾语从句的谓语通常也要用相应的过去时态:一般现在时变一般过去时,一般将来时变过去将来时,现在完成时变过去完成时,情态动词也相应变为过去式。但当从句表示客观真理时,仍用一般现在时。 【正误对比】 【错例】He said that he is busy. 【正例】He said that he was busy. 【错例】She told me she will come. 【正例】She told me she would come. 【错例】The teacher said that the earth moved around the sun. 【正例】The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看主句时态:主句为现在时,从句时态按实际需要;主句为过去时,从句时态相应后退。唯一例外是从句表示客观真理或自然规律时,一律用一般现在时。 易错点 4:it 作形式主语的用法错误 【典型表现】 把 It is important for us to learn English 写成 Is important for us to learn English,或把 It 误用为 that。 【错因分析】 汉语没有形式主语的语法手段,学生看到真正的逻辑主语是不定式短语时,容易直接把它放在句首,写出 To learn English is important for us 或漏掉 It。英语中当主语是不定式短语或从句时,常用 it 作形式主语置于句首,把真正的主语后置。 【正误对比】 【错例】Is important for us to learn English. 【正例】It is important for us to learn English. 【错例】That is difficult to finish the work in one day. 【正例】It is difficult to finish the work in one day. 【错例】It is important of us to protect the environment. 【正例】It is important for us to protect the environment. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看句子真正的主语是什么:若为不定式短语或从句,句首须用 it 作形式主语。描述人的品质用 of(如 It is kind of you),描述事情的性质用 for(如 It is important for us)。 易错点 5:宾语从句与“疑问词 + 不定式”的转换错误 【典型表现】 把 I don't know what to do 写成 I don't know what to doing;把 where to go 写成 where to going。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握宾语从句,但在把它简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”时,容易把 to 当作介词,在其后使用动名词。这一结构的构成是“疑问词 + to + 动词原形”,相当于把从句的主语与情态动词一并省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】I don't know what to doing. 【正例】I don't know what to do. 【错例】Could you tell me where to going? 【正例】Could you tell me where to go? 【错例】She didn't know how to getting there. 【正例】She didn't know how to get there. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时把整个结构当作一个名词性短语,to 后永远是动词原形。该结构可与宾语从句互相转换,转换时从句的主语须与主句主语一致。 易错点 6:宾语从句中连接词的重复或缺失 【典型表现】 把 I don't know where he lives 写成 I don't know where does he lives;在同一从句中同时使用两个连接词。 【错因分析】 汉语的疑问词与疑问语气可以叠加,学生因此在一个从句中同时保留疑问词与助动词,形成 where does he live 这类疑问语序;另一类错误是既用 that 又用疑问词。英语宾语从句只有一个引导词,且须用陈述语序。 【正误对比】 【错例】I don't know where does he live. 【正例】I don't know where he lives. 【错例】Can you tell me that what he said? 【正例】Can you tell me what he said? 【错例】I wonder that when he will arrive. 【正例】I wonder when he will arrive. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定从句的语义类型,只保留一个引导词:陈述句用 that,一般疑问句用 if / whether,特殊疑问句用疑问词。确定引导词后,从句一律改用陈述语序,去掉多余的助动词。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Can you tell me where the museum (be)? 2. I don't know whether he (come) or not. 3. He said that he (be) busy at that time. 4. She told me she (will) help me. 5. The teacher said that the earth (move) around the sun. 6. I don't know what (do) next. 7. It is important for us (learn) English well. 8. Do you know when the meeting (begin)? 9. He asked me I had finished my homework.(填连词) 10. I wonder he will come tomorrow.(填连词) 二、按要求改写句子 1. Where is the library? Can you tell me?(合并为宾语从句) 2. He will come. I don't know.(用 whether 合并为宾语从句) 3. "I am busy," he said.(改为宾语从句) 4. To learn a foreign language is important.(用 it 作形式主语改写) 5. What should I do? I don't know.(简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”) 三、单句改错(诊断改错) 下面每个句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. Can you tell me where is the library? 2. I don't know that he will come or not. 3. He said that he is busy. 4. She told me she will come. 5. I don't know what to doing. 6. Is important for us to protect the environment. 7. I don't know where does he live. 8. Can you tell me that what he said? 9. Do you know when will the meeting begin? 10. The teacher said the earth moved around the sun. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great ideas have changed our world. Do you know (1) the wheel was invented? Nobody knows exactly (2) it happened, but we do know (3) it changed the way people travelled. The ancient Chinese also contributed many great ideas. We have learned (4) paper-making spread to the West. It is important (5) us (6) (understand) how these ideas developed. Some people wonder (7) (whether) ancient inventors realized how important their work would be. I believe (8) their ideas are still influencing us today, and I don't know (9) we can live without them. We should remember (10) great ideas come from careful observation and hard work. Unit 3 Family traditions 【单元话题】 了解并传承家庭传统,体会家风与亲情的力量 【语法项目】 情态动词(should / ought to / had better);一般现在时的被动语态 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:情态动词后接动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 We should respect our elders 写成 We should to respect our elders;把 You had better not stay up late 写成 You had better don't stay up late。 【错因分析】 学生学过 want to do、would like to do 等接不定式的结构后,容易把所有表示“应该”“最好”的表达都套上 to,或按实义动词的方式构成否定。情态动词后必须接动词原形,这是情态动词区别于实义动词的基本特征;其否定形式在情态动词后直接加 not,而不是借助 don't。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should to respect our elders. 【正例】We should respect our elders. 【错例】You had better don't stay up late. 【正例】You had better not stay up late. 【错例】Children ought to helps with the housework. 【正例】Children ought to help with the housework. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认谓语是否为情态动词:should、ought to、had better、must、can、may 都是情态动词性质,其后一律用动词原形;否定形式在情态动词之后加 not(had better 的否定是 had better not,不是 had not better)。 易错点 2:ought to 与 should 的用法与否定形式错误 【典型表现】 把 You ought not to be late 写成 You oughtn't to be late 之外的错误形式,或把 ought to 写成 ought。 【错因分析】 ought to 与 should 意义相近,都表示“应该”,但 ought to 的 to 不能省略,其否定形式为 ought not to do 或 oughtn't to do,疑问形式把 ought 提前。学生受 should 的影响,容易漏掉 to 或把否定词位置放错。 【正误对比】 【错例】You ought respect your parents. 【正例】You ought to respect your parents. 【错例】You ought not respect your parents. 【正例】You ought not to respect your parents.(应为:You ought not to be rude to your parents.) 【错例】Ought you to going there alone? 【正例】Ought you to go there alone? 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时看动词是否为 ought:ought 后必须跟 to,否定式为 ought not to do,疑问式把 ought 提到主语之前,to 后一律用动词原形。should 则直接接动词原形,否定式为 should not do。 易错点 3:一般现在时被动语态的构成错误 【典型表现】 把 The tradition is passed down from generation to generation 写成 The tradition passes down from generation to generation,或把过去分词写成过去式。 【错因分析】 汉语的被动意义可以用“被”表示,也可以省略标记直接说“这个传统代代相传”,学生因此缺少使用被动语态的意识,直接把主语当作动作的执行者。英语中当主语是动作的承受者时须用被动语态,一般现在时的结构为 am / is / are + 过去分词。 【正误对比】 【错例】The tradition passes down from generation to generation. 【正例】The tradition is passed down from generation to generation. 【错例】The family rules are keep by my grandmother. 【正例】The family rules are kept by my grandmother. 【错例】Dumplings eat during the Spring Festival. 【正例】Dumplings are eaten during the Spring Festival. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定主语与动作的关系:主语是执行者用主动语态,是承受者用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的结构为 am / is / are + 过去分词,be 动词须与主语的人称和数一致。 易错点 4:情态动词表推测的否定形式错误 【典型表现】 把 He can't be at home 写成 He mustn't be at home,用 mustn't 表示否定推测。 【错因分析】 学生把 must 的否定形式直接按“must + not”构造成 mustn't,并用来表示“一定不”,忽略了 mustn't 在英语中表示禁止而不是否定推测。表示“不可能”的否定推测须用 can't / couldn't。 【正误对比】 【错例】He mustn't be at home. His bike is outside. 【正例】He can't be at home. His bike is outside. 【错例】She can't be tired. She has just run ten kilometres. 【正例】She must be tired. She has just run ten kilometres. 【错例】You can't be late for the family dinner. 【正例】You mustn't be late for the family dinner. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先区分句子的功能:表示“禁止”用 mustn't,表示“否定推测(不可能)”用 can't / couldn't,表示“肯定推测(一定)”用 must。依据充分且肯定用 must,依据充分且否定用 can't,依据不足用 may / might。 易错点 5:家庭传统相关短语的搭配错误 【典型表现】 把 pass down 写成 pass to down,把 be proud of 写成 be proud for。 【错因分析】 汉语的“传承”“为……骄傲”都没有搭配上的约束,学生因此随意选取介词。英语中这类搭配是固定的:pass down 表示“传承”,是“动词 + 副词”结构,代词宾语须放在中间;be proud of 表示“为……骄傲”,介词固定用 of。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should pass down it to the next generation. 【正例】We should pass it down to the next generation. 【错例】I am proud for my family traditions. 【正例】I am proud of my family traditions. 【错例】The tradition hands down from my great-grandmother. 【正例】The tradition was handed down from my great-grandmother. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看短语的结构类型:pass down、hand down 属“动词 + 副词”结构,宾语为代词时须置于中间;be proud of、take pride in 的介词固定。 易错点 6:被动语态中 by 短语的误用与省略 【典型表现】 把 The story was told by my grandmother 中的 by 误写成 with;在不必要的情况下强行补出 by 短语。 【错因分析】 汉语的“被”“由”可以用同一个说法,学生因此把 by 与 with 混用。英语中 by 引出动作的执行者,with 引出使用的工具或材料;当执行者不明确、不重要或显而易见时,by 短语通常省略。 【正误对比】 【错例】The story was told with my grandmother. 【正例】The story was told by my grandmother. 【错例】The dumplings were made with my mother. 【正例】The dumplings were made by my mother. 【错例】Rice is grown by farmers in the south. 【正例】Rice is grown in the south. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时看短语引出的是人还是物:引出动作执行者用 by,引出工具或材料用 with。执行者不明确或不重要时,by 短语可省略,句子更简洁自然。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We should (respect) our elders. 2. You had better (not stay) up late. 3. Children ought (help) with the housework. 4. The tradition (pass) down from generation to generation. 5. Dumplings (eat) during the Spring Festival. 6. He (can) not be at home. His bike is outside. 7. I am proud my family traditions.(填介词) 8. The story (tell) by my grandmother last night. 9. We should (pass) it down to the next generation. 10. The family rules (keep) by my grandmother. 二、按要求改写句子 1. My grandmother tells us the story every year.(改为被动语态) 2. You should not be rude to your parents.(用 ought to 改写) 3. People eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.(改为被动语态) 4. Maybe he is at home.(用 can't 改写为否定推测) 5. We should respect the old.(用 had better 改写) 三、单句改错(诊断改错) 下面每个句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. We should to respect our elders. 2. You had better don't stay up late. 3. Children ought to helps with the housework. 4. The tradition passes down from generation to generation. 5. The family rules are keep by my grandmother. 6. He mustn't be at home. His bike is outside. 7. I am proud for my family traditions. 8. We should pass down it to the next generation. 9. The story was told with my grandmother. 10. Ought you to going there alone? 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every family has its own traditions. In my family, the Spring Festival (1) (celebrate) in a special way. Dumplings (2) (make) by all the family members together on New Year's Eve. My grandmother always says that we (3) (should) respect the old and care for the young. She also tells us that family rules (4) (pass) down from generation to generation. Last year I asked her (5) the tradition started. She said it (6) (be) her grandmother who taught her. We (7) (ought) to remember these traditions, and we had better (8) (not forget) where we come from. I am proud (9) my family, and I believe our traditions (10) (keep) alive by the younger generation. Unit 4 A better me 【单元话题】 认识自我、改进自我,做更好的自己 【语法项目】 反身代词;不定式与动名词的选用 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:反身代词的数与形式错误 【典型表现】 把 We should believe in ourselves 写成 We should believe in ourself;把 She taught herself English 写成 She taught himself English。 【错因分析】 汉语的“自己”不随主语的人称和数变化,学生因此把英语的反身代词也写成同一个形式。英语的反身代词有八种形式,必须与主语的人称、性和数保持一致:单数用 -self,复数用 -selves。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should believe in ourself. 【正例】We should believe in ourselves. 【错例】She taught himself English. 【正例】She taught herself English. 【错例】They enjoyed themself at the party. 【正例】They enjoyed themselves at the party. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定主语的人称、性和数,再选择对应的反身代词:I myself,you yourself,he himself,she herself,it itself,we ourselves,you(复数) yourselves,they themselves。复数一律用 -selves。 易错点 2:反身代词与相互代词混用 【典型表现】 把 We should help each other 写成 We should help ourselves;把 They looked at each other 写成 They looked at themselves。 【错因分析】 汉语的“互相”与“自己”在语义上都指向句中的多个主体,学生因此混用。英语中反身代词表示动作反射回主语自身,相互代词 each other / one another 表示主体之间的相互作用,二者语义不同。 【正误对比】 【错例】We should help ourselves when we have problems. 【正例】We should help each other when we have problems. 【错例】They looked at themselves and smiled. 【正例】They looked at each other and smiled. 【错例】We should learn from ourselves. 【正例】We should learn from each other. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时看动作的方向:动作反射回主语自身用反身代词;动作发生在多个主体之间用 each other(两者)或 one another(三者及以上)。 易错点 3:remember / forget 后接不定式与动名词的意义混淆 【典型表现】 把 Remember to close the door(记得去关门)写成 Remember closing the door,导致语义改变。 【错因分析】 汉语的“记得关门”不区分动作是否已经发生,学生因此随意选用形式。英语中 remember / forget / regret 后接不定式表示动作尚未发生,后接动名词表示动作已经发生,两种结构意义完全不同。 【正误对比】 【错例】Remember closing the door when you leave. 【正例】Remember to close the door when you leave. 【错例】I remember to meet him somewhere before. 【正例】I remember meeting him somewhere before. 【错例】Don't forget turning off the lights before you go out. 【正例】Don't forget to turn off the lights before you go out. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看动作是否已经发生:尚未发生用不定式(remember / forget to do),已经发生用动名词(remember / forget doing)。 易错点 4:介词后接动词形式错误 【典型表现】 把 I am interested in learning English 写成 I am interested in learn English;把 be good at 后的动词误用为原形。 【错因分析】 学生记住了“动词后接不定式”的一般规律,容易把这条规律推广到介词之后。英语中介词后必须接名词、代词或动名词,不能接动词原形或不定式。 【正误对比】 【错例】I am interested in learn English. 【正例】I am interested in learning English. 【错例】She is good at to play the piano. 【正例】She is good at playing the piano. 【错例】Thank you for help me. 【正例】Thank you for helping me. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看空格前是不是介词(in、at、for、about、of、with 等):是介词则其后用动名词。注意 be used to、look forward to 中的 to 是介词,其后也用动名词。 易错点 5:不定式作宾语补足语的 to 误加或误省 【典型表现】 把 My teacher asked me to work harder 写成 My teacher asked me work harder;把 make sb do sth 写成 make sb to do sth。 【错因分析】 汉语的“让某人做某事”“要求某人做某事”结构相同,学生因此分不清哪些动词后须带 to、哪些须省略 to。英语中 ask、tell、want、would like 等后接带 to 的不定式;make、let、have 以及 see、hear、watch、feel 等感官动词后接省略 to 的动词原形。 【正误对比】 【错例】My teacher asked me work harder. 【正例】My teacher asked me to work harder. 【错例】My parents make me to study every day. 【正例】My parents make me study every day. 【错例】Let me to help you. 【正例】Let me help you. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确认谓语动词属于哪一类:ask / tell / want / would like / encourage 后用带 to 的不定式;make / let / have / see / hear / watch / feel 后用省略 to 的动词原形。变为被动语态时,省略的 to 须还原。 易错点 6:反身代词固定搭配的误用 【典型表现】 把 enjoy oneself 写成 enjoy oneself 之外的错误形式,或把 by oneself 写成 by yourself 而与主语不一致。 【错因分析】 汉语的“玩得开心”“独自”都没有反身代词的对应形式,学生因此漏写或误用人称。英语中 enjoy oneself、by oneself、teach oneself、help oneself to、say to oneself 等为固定搭配,其中反身代词必须与主语一致。 【正误对比】 【错例】I hope you can enjoy at the party. 【正例】I hope you can enjoy yourself at the party. 【错例】He finished the work by yourself. 【正例】He finished the work by himself. 【错例】She taught her English by watching films. 【正例】She taught herself English by watching films. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看主语的人称和数,再把固定搭配中的反身代词与之对应:enjoy oneself 表示“玩得开心”,by oneself 表示“独自”,teach oneself 表示“自学”,help oneself to 表示“随便吃”。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We should believe in (we). 2. She taught (she) English by watching films. 3. They enjoyed (they) at the party. 4. Remember (close) the door when you leave. 5. I remember (meet) him somewhere before. 6. I am interested in (learn) English. 7. She is good at (play) the piano. 8. My teacher asked me (work) harder. 9. My parents make me (study) every day. 10. We should help other when we have problems. 二、按要求改写句子 1. I learn English by myself.(用 teach oneself 改写) 2. He is interested in music. He wants to learn it.(合并为一句) 3. My mother said, "You should work harder."(用 ask 改写为宾语补足语结构) 4. She finished the work alone.(用 by oneself 改写) 5. We must look after ourselves.(用 each other 改写为相互意义) 三、单句改错(诊断改错) 下面每个句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. We should believe in ourself. 2. She taught himself English. 3. We should help ourselves when we have problems. 4. Remember closing the door when you leave. 5. I remember to meet him somewhere before. 6. I am interested in learn English. 7. She is good at to play the piano. 8. My teacher asked me work harder. 9. My parents make me to study every day. 10. He finished the work by yourself. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone wants to become a better person. Last term I decided (1) (change) myself. I was not good at (2) (speak) English, so I began to practise it every day. I also taught (3) (I) to manage my time. My teacher asked me (4) (join) the English club, and my parents made me (5) (read) for half an hour every evening. Remember (6) (not give) up when you meet difficulties. I remember (7) (feel) nervous before my first speech, but now I enjoy (8) (talk) in front of others. We should believe in (9) (we) and help each (10) . In this way, we can all become better. Unit 5 My time, my joy 【单元话题】 合理安排时间,享受充实而有乐趣的生活 【语法项目】 时间状语从句(when / while / as / before / after / until);现在完成时 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:时间状语从句中“主将从现”原则误用 【典型表现】 把 I will call you when I get home 写成 I will call you when I will get home。 【错因分析】 学生已经掌握 will 表示将来,于是在时间状语从句中也用 will,忽略了英语的一条特殊规则:时间状语从句中表示将来要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,主句仍用一般将来时,这就是“主将从现”。汉语的“我到家就给你打电话”两个分句都用将来意义,学生因此直译。 【正误对比】 【错例】I will call you when I will get home. 【正例】I will call you when I get home. 【错例】We will start as soon as he will arrive. 【正例】We will start as soon as he arrives. 【错例】I will wait until he will come back. 【正例】I will wait until he comes back. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看从句类型:when、as soon as、until、before、after、if 等引导的时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来一律用一般现在时;主句仍用一般将来时。 易错点 2:when / while / as 的选用错误 【典型表现】 把 While I was reading, the phone rang 写成 When I was reading, the phone rang(虽可接受但语义侧重不同);把 While he arrived 写成 while 引导瞬间动作。 【错因分析】 学生把 when 和 while 都理解为“当……时”,因而随意互换,忽略了 while 只能引导持续性动作,不能接瞬间动作。when 既可接瞬间动作也可接持续性动作;while 只能接持续性动作,且从句谓语常用进行时;as 强调两个动作同时进行或伴随变化。 【正误对比】 【错例】While he arrived, we were having dinner. 【正例】When he arrived, we were having dinner. 【正例】While I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking. 【正例】When I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking. 【错例】While the phone rang, I was sleeping. 【正例】When the phone rang, I was sleeping. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看从句的动词是瞬间动词还是延续性动词:瞬间动词(arrive、ring、begin)只能用 when;延续性动词用 when 或 while 均可,while 更强调“在……期间”,常配进行时;as 强调两个动作同时进行或伴随变化。 易错点 3:not until 结构的误用 【典型表现】 把 He didn't go to bed until his mother came back 写成 He went to bed until his mother came back,语义完全相反。 【错因分析】 汉语说“直到妈妈回来他才睡觉”,形式上没有否定词,学生因此直接用肯定句加 until。英语中表示“直到……才”必须用 not until 结构,主句用否定形式。此外 until 引导的时间状语从句中表示将来也用一般现在时。 【正误对比】 【错例】He went to bed until his mother came back. 【正例】He didn't go to bed until his mother came back. 【错例】I will not leave until he will come back. 【正例】I will not leave until he comes back. 【错例】She stopped working until it stopped raining. 【正例】She didn't stop working until it stopped raining. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看汉语语义是否表示“直到……才”:是则主句须用否定形式,构成 not until。until 引导的时间状语从句中表示将来用一般现在时。 易错点 4:before / after 引导从句的时态错误 【典型表现】 把 Before he came, I had finished the work 写成 Before he came, I finished the work,未能体现两个动作的先后;把 before 从句与主句的时态关系弄反。 【错因分析】 汉语的“做完作业后”不体现时态的先后层次,学生因此难以把握 before / after 从句与主句的时态配合。英语中 after 引导的从句动作先发生,可用过去完成时或一般过去时;before 引导的从句动作后发生,主句动作先发生。 【正误对比】 【错例】Before he came, I finished the work. 【正例】Before he came, I had finished the work. 【错例】He left before I had arrived. 【正例】He had left before I arrived. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先理清两个动作的先后:先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。after 从句中的动作先发生,before 从句中的动作后发生。 易错点 5:现在完成时与一般过去时在时间表达中的混用 【典型表现】 把 I have already finished my homework 写成 I already finished my homework(在强调对现在影响时);把 since 引导的从句时态弄错。 【错因分析】 学生分不清“动作已完成”与“动作对现在的影响”,在有 already、just、yet 等词时也容易误用一般过去时。英语中 already、just、yet、ever、never 通常与现在完成时连用;since 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 【正误对比】 【错例】I already finished my homework. 【正例】I have already finished my homework. 【错例】He has lived here since he has come to Beijing. 【正例】He has lived here since he came to Beijing. 【错例】Have you finished your homework yet? — Yes, I have finished it an hour ago. 【正例】Have you finished your homework yet? — Yes, I finished it an hour ago. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看时间状语:含 already、just、yet、ever、never、since、for + 时间段时用现在完成时;含 ago、last week、in 2020 等明确过去时间时用一般过去时。since 从句本身用一般过去时。 易错点 6:时间状语从句的位置与标点错误 【典型表现】 把 When I got home, I did my homework 写成 When I got home. I did my homework;主句在前时多余地加逗号。 【错因分析】 汉语的条件分句与主句之间通常用逗号,学生因此在英语中也按同样方式处理,造成主句与从句之间用句号断开,或者主句在前时多余地加逗号。英语的标点规则与从句位置有关:从句在前时,从句后用逗号与主句隔开;从句在后时,主句与从句之间不用逗号。 【正误对比】 【错例】When I got home. I did my homework. 【正例】When I got home, I did my homework. 【错例】I did my homework, when I got home. 【正例】I did my homework when I got home. 【错例】While I was reading. My sister was listening to music. 【正例】While I was reading, my sister was listening to music. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先看从句位置:从句在前时,从句后用逗号;从句在后时,主句与从句之间不用逗号,因为此时从句相当于句子的一个成分。 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I will call you when I (get) home. 2. We will start as soon as he (arrive). 3. I will wait until he (come) back. 4. he arrived, we were having dinner.(填连词) 5. He didn't go to bed his mother came back.(填连词) 6. After he (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 7. I (already finish) my homework. 8. He (live) here since he came to Beijing. 9. She (stop) working until it stopped raining.(改为否定句) 10. I was reading, my sister was listening to music.(填连词) 二、按要求改写句子 1. I get home. I will call you.(用 when 合并为时间状语从句) 2. He went to bed. His mother came back.(用 not until 改写) 3. He came to Beijing. He has lived here.(用 since 合并) 4. I was doing my homework. My mother was cooking.(用 while 合并) 5. I finished my homework.(用 already 改写为现在完成时) 三、单句改错(诊断改错) 下面每个句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. I will call you when I will get home. 2. While he arrived, we were having dinner. 3. He went to bed until his mother came back. 4. I will not leave until he will come back. 5. He has lived here since he has come to Beijing. 6. I already finished my homework. 7. When I got home. I did my homework. 8. I did my homework, when I got home. 9. While the phone rang, I was sleeping. 10. He left before I had arrived. 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Time is valuable. I have (1) (learn) to manage my time since I entered Grade 9. I will start my homework as soon as I (2) (get) home. (3) I was doing my homework last night, my sister was listening to music. I didn't stop working (4) I finished all the exercises. (5) I finish my homework, I will spend some time on my hobby. I have (6) (already read) three books this month. My mother often says that we should not put off until tomorrow what we can do today. I have understood this (7) I began to make plans. (8) the weekend comes, I will go to the library. I believe that (9) we use our time well, we (10) (find) more joy in life. Unit 6 Food and health 【单元话题】 了解健康饮食知识,养成科学的生活方式 【语法项目】 可数名词与不可数名词;量词短语;情态动词的被动语态 易错知识点解析 易错点 1:可数名词与不可数名词混用 【典型表现】 把 some advice 写成 some advices,把 a piece of bread 写成 a bread;把不可数名词直接与数词连用。 【错因分析】 汉语的名词没有可数与不可数的形态区分,“建议”“面包”“水”都可以直接加数量词,学生因此按汉语习惯给英语的不可数名词加 -s 或直接与数词连用。英语中 advice、bread、water、milk、rice、meat、food(泛指)、information、news 等属于不可数名词,没有复数形式,作主语时谓语用单数,表示数量须借助量词短语。 【正误对比】 【错例】My teacher gave me some advices. 【正例】My teacher gave me some advice. 【错例】I ate two breads for breakfast. 【正例】I ate two pieces of bread for breakfast. 【错例】The news are very important. 【正例】The news is very important. 【语法规则】 【解题判断路径】 判断时先确定该名词是否可数:不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与 a / an 或数词直接连用,作主语时谓语用单数。表示数量须借助“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”结构。 易错点 2:量词短语结构错误 【典型表现】 把 two glasses of milk 写成 two glass of milk;把 a piece of advice 写成 a piece