精品解析：山东省实验中学2027届高三上学期第一次诊断性考试英语试题

山东省实验中学2027届高三第一次诊断性考试 英语试题 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will the woman probably do next? A. Paint a picture. B. Send an email. C. Check the article. 2. What can we learn about the man A. He’s forgetful. B. He’s in a hurry. C. He’s organized. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a ship factory. B. In an art gallery. C. In a hospital hall. 4. What does the woman think of the smartwatch? A. It’s fully functional. B. It’s affordable. C. It’s unnecessary. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A work mode shift. B. A job hunting experience. C. A time management method. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音，每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers doing? A. Writing a novel. B. Watching a movie. C. Staging a play. 7. How does the woman feel about the plot? A. Imaginative. B. Confusing. C. Reasonable. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Why is the new station in the suburbs? A. To avoid heavy traffic. B. To store a big telescope. C. To avoid bright city light. 9. What might bother Tom in his work? A. The heavy mental labor. B. The unusual working hours. C. The long commuting distance. 10. How will the woman contribute to the project? A. By processing the data. B. By lending new cameras. C. By monitoring the station. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What especially drives the woman to study architecture? A. Her discussion with the man. B. Its mix of design and engineering. C. Its clearly visible influence on a city. 12. What do we know about architecture nowadays? A. It covers various fields. B. It requires advanced degrees. C. It involves diverse decorations. 13. What will the woman probably learn this summer? A. Western philosophy. B. Modern economics. C. Computer science. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the woman’s view on the AI tool? A. It performs terribly. B. It needs more tests. C. It works quite well. 15. What concerns the man about the AI tool? A. Its data leaking risk. B. Its low proficiency. C. Its unreliable accuracy. 16. What function of the AI tool impresses the man? A. Reordering daily reading habits. B. Translating foreign books quickly. C. Offering random recommendations. 17. How can the man use the AI tool? A. With a newly registered account. B. With his original library account. C. With the human librarian’s help. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What was Linda’s task at the dairy company? A. Delivering sugary yogurts to markets. B. Measuring the sugar level in products. C. Analyzing the nutritional value of sugar. 19. What did Linda’s team do in Chicago? A. They created new drinks from plants. B. They invented a sugar-testing method. C. They boosted sales of existing products. 20. What did Linda’s team develop? A. A low-fat chocolate. B. A sugar-free product. C. An AI-driven program. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A There are many ways students can get their volunteer hours. But what if their passions don’t line up with what their school offers? Connections Academy has collected a list of resources here to help them find community service ideas. Best Buddies Service Type: In-person and virtual Best Buddies is an organization dedicated to ending the social, physical, and economic isolation (孤立) of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Its online community service includes joining (or starting) a virtual school group, being a virtual speech coach, and more. If you would like to take action in person, it has fundraisers, friendship walks, and more. Smithsonian Digital Volunteers Service Type: In-person and virtual Make an impact while learning something new! The Smithsonian Institution is the world’s largest museum, education, and research complex. From transcribing (抄写) historical documents to identifying and labeling plants, there is a series of online volunteer opportunities for teens. Zooniverse Service Type: Virtual Zooniverse is an exciting platform for research that provides high school volunteer opportunities, from discovering new planets and studying the human body structure to categorizing animals and identifying teeth. Teens can download the app to conduct research anywhere and spend as much or as little time as they’d like. Catchafire Service Type: Virtual Catchafire is a volunteer search tool on a mission to motivate the world’s talent with an interest in developing professional business skills and is only for online volunteer projects, each with a timeline. The volunteer opportunities available here are particularly valuable for graduating students looking to make an impact while getting on-the-job experience, where they can test out a potential career path and enrich their résumé. 1. What can volunteers do through Best Buddies? A. Promote physical fitness. B. Label different kinds of plants. C. Work as a virtual speech coach. D. Provide practical medical service. 2. What makes Zooniverse different from the other programs? A. It encourages outdoor exploration. B. It allows for flexible time and places. C. It cooperates with local high schools. D. It requires scientific research in real labs. 3. What is special about Catchafire? A. It aims to help people with intellectual disabilities. B. It provides both in-person and virtual volunteer work. C. It requires volunteers to submit their resume. D. It helps students gain work experience for future jobs. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了一份为学生提供匹配兴趣的线上线下社区志愿服务资源清单。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Best Buddies部分的描述“Its online community service includes joining (or starting) a virtual school group, being a virtual speech coach, and more.(其在线社区服务包括加入（或创建）虚拟学校小组、担任虚拟演讲教练等)”可知，志愿者可以通过Best Buddies担任虚拟演讲教练。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Zooniverse部分的描述“Teens can download the app to conduct research anywhere and spend as much or as little time as they’d like.(青少年可下载应用程序，在任何地方开展研究，并根据自己的时间安排自由选择参与时长)”可知，该平台允许志愿者自主选择服务的地点和时长。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Catchafire部分的描述“The volunteer opportunities available here are particularly valuable for graduating students looking to make an impact while getting on-the-job experience, where they can test out a potential career path and enrich their résumé.(这里提供的志愿者机会对即将毕业的学生尤为宝贵，他们可以在积累实践经验的同时产生积极影响，尝试探索潜在的职业方向，并丰富自己的简历)”可知，Catchafire帮助学生获得未来工作的相关经验。 B Lina Chen, a middle schooler from a small town in Yunnan, won the top award in the Teen Innovators Contest for designing a new mosquito net that is superior to existing models, as stated in the press release. Lina’s inspiration came after she witnessed many villagers suffer from mosquito bites and infectious diseases spread by mosquitoes during the rainy season, reported the local youth newspaper. “I had never really noticed how serious the problem was before,” she told the reporter about the serious situation in her hometown. “People used ordinary mosquito nets, but mosquitoes still found ways to get inside,” she added. After studying disease statistics, Lina spent over a year developing her improved mosquito net that she believes could greatly reduce the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses. Unlike traditional mosquito nets that simply form a physical barrier to keep mosquitoes out, Lina’s smart net is designed to warn people when tiny holes appear before mosquitoes can enter. With thin fiber sensors and a microcomputer, the device detects small damages on the net and sends a warning message to the phone. Creating the prototype was difficult and the hardest part was adjusting the sensors. “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed,” she said. The final device outperforms common mosquito nets in sensitivity and convenience. Lina wants to bring the costs down to make it even more widely used than ordinary nets. “Lina spotted a real-life problem, committed herself to it and strove to work out a solution, and that is exactly the quality we should foster in youngsters,” remarked the contest’s chief organizer. She also highlighted the significance of backing young innovators, especially teenagers in rural regions who are interested in STEM fields. Relevant studies indicate that plenty of creative young talents are held back by limited resources to turn their creative concepts into tangible prototypes. 4. What inspired Lina to design the new mosquito net? A. Her wish to win a national contest. B. Her interest in testing new diseases. C. Her research about disease statistics. D. Her awareness of villagers’ suffering. 5. What can we learn about Lina’s invention? A. It warns users when the net gets damaged. B. It kills mosquitoes once they touch the net. C. It sets a physical barrier against mosquitoes. D. It outperforms old nets by keeping the air fresh. 6. What can be inferred about the smart net from paragraph 4? A. It is apparently user-friendly. B. It stops mosquitoes entering. C. It detects certain mosquitoes. D. It costs less than ordinary nets. 7. Which of the following best describes Lina? A. Cautious and flexible. B. Modest and generous. C. Ambitious and inquiring. D. Observant and determined. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍云南中学生Lina Chen观察到村民困境，研发新型智能蚊帐并获奖的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lina’s inspiration came after she witnessed many villagers suffer from mosquito bites and infectious diseases spread by mosquitoes during the rainy season, reported the local youth newspaper.(据当地青年报报道，莉娜在看到很多村民雨季饱受蚊虫叮咬以及蚊子传播传染病之苦后获得灵感。)”可知，莉娜目睹村民遭受蚊虫叮咬和传染病的痛苦，这启发她设计新型蚊帐。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unlike traditional mosquito nets that simply form a physical barrier to keep mosquitoes out, Lina’s smart net is designed to warn people when tiny holes appear before mosquitoes can enter.(传统蚊帐只是设置物理屏障阻挡蚊子，而莉娜的智能蚊帐可以在出现小孔、蚊子进入之前提醒人们。)”可知，莉娜的发明能在蚊帐出现破损小孔时提醒使用者。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The final device outperforms common mosquito nets in sensitivity and convenience.(成品在灵敏度和便捷性上优于普通蚊帐。)”可知，这款智能蚊帐使用方便，便于使用者操作。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的““I had never really noticed how serious the problem was before,” she told the reporter about the serious situation in her hometown. “People used ordinary mosquito nets, but mosquitoes still found ways to get inside,” she added.(“我以前从未注意到这个问题有多严重，”她向记者讲述家乡的严峻情况时说道，“人们使用普通蚊帐，但蚊子总能找到办法钻进去。”)”，能看出莉娜善于观察；再根据第四段中的“Creating the prototype was difficult and the hardest part was adjusting the sensors. “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed,” she said. The final device outperforms common mosquito nets in sensitivity and convenience.(制作原型很难，最难的部分是调试传感器。她说：“我有两个设计方案，第一个设计彻底失败了。”这款最终成品装置，在灵敏度和便捷性上优于普通蚊帐。)”，可知她面对失败依旧坚持，意志坚定。 C PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, are found in drinking water, food, and household products. These chemicals have been linked to negative health outcomes, including certain cancers. PFAS are widely used because they are highly durable and can resist both water and oil. However, they do not break down easily in the environment and can linger in the human body. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, nearly everyone in the United States has PFAS in their blood. Eliminating PFAS is almost impossible, and researchers are still determining which actions are most effective at reducing exposure. However, studies show that when exposure decreases, PFAS levels in the body can gradually decline over several years. Drinking water can be an important source of exposure. If testing shows high PFAS levels in water and the community has not installed filtration (过滤) systems, it is advisable to purchase a household filter certified to treat PFAS contamination (污染物). According to the National Academies report, diet is likely the primary way people are exposed to PFAS in places without drinking water contamination. Some meat, dairy products and chicken eggs have been found to contain PFAS chemicals, but according to the Food and Drug Administration, most detectable PFAS were found in seafood. Produce grown with contaminated water can also become a source of exposure. PFAS have been widely used in consumer products because they make items waterproof, slippery, durable, or stain-resistant. They may be found in cookware, waterproof clothing, carpets, tablecloths, and other household products. However, there is currently insufficient evidence that simply changing consumer products significantly reduces PFAS exposure. Fortunately, many manufacturers are phasing out PFAS. Companies such as 3M and BASF have reduced or stopped their use, while major retailers (零售商) and brands are also working to make their products PFAS-free. Research shows that as the production and use of certain PFAS declined, levels of those chemicals in Americans’ blood also fell over time, which can be conducive to public health. 8. Why are PFAS widely used? A. They are watery. B. They are chemically stable. C. They are unbreakable. D. They are readily available. 9. Which of the following may contain higher levels of PFAS? A. Filtered water. B. Cotton clothes. C. Nonstick cookers. D. Freshwater fish. 10. What does the underlined word “conducive” in the last paragraph mean? A. Subject. B. Favorable. C. Devoted. D. Related. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. PFAS: Sources of Exposure B. PFAS: Forever Pollutants C. PFAS: Application and Reduction D. PFAS: Prospects and Challenges 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍永久化学物质PFAS的用途、人体接触来源以及减少该物质使用的相关进展。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“PFAS are widely used because they are highly durable and can resist both water and oil. However, they do not break down easily in the environment and can linger in the human body.(全氟和多氟烷基物质被广泛使用，因为它们耐久性强，防水防油。而且它们在环境中不易分解，可在人体内存留。)”可知，PFAS化学性质稳定，不易分解，因此被广泛使用。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“PFAS have been widely used in consumer products because they make items waterproof, slippery, durable, or stain-resistant. They may be found in cookware, waterproof clothing, carpets, tablecloths, and other household products.(PFAS广泛用于消费品，用来使物品防水、顺滑、耐用或防污。它们可能存在于炊具、防水衣物、地毯、桌布以及其他家居用品中。)”可知，不粘锅属于炊具，会含有 PFAS。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Research shows that as the production and use of certain PFAS declined, levels of those chemicals in Americans’ blood also fell over time, which can be conducive to public health.(研究表明，随着部分PFAS的生产与使用减少，美国人血液中这类化学物质的含量随之下降，这对公共健康是conducive。)”可知，血液中有害物质下降，对健康有利。所以划线词与Favorable“有利的”同义。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。全文先是介绍PFAS的应用，再介绍人体接触来源，最后讲述厂商逐步减少PFAS生产使用、降低体内PFAS含量。所以C选项“PFAS：应用与减量”为最佳标题。 D Hubs (中枢) of immune cells in the skull may help to defend our brain against disease. The discovery, based on a study into the brains of mice and human genetic data, implies that targeting these hubs with drugs could bring new treatments for conditions where immune cells act in a wrong way, such as brain cancer. “It’s an important step forward in understanding the brain’s immune response,” says Vesa Kiviniemi at the University of Oulu in Finland, who wasn’t involved in the study. He notes the finding also helps research on brain infections, inflammation and diseases that damage the nervous system. Immune cells called T-cells and B-cells are activated to protect the brain when they spot threat signs, like pieces of tumours in the lymphatic (淋巴的) system. Jonathan Kipnis and his workmates have uncovered a new way of activating these cells. By imaging and analysing mouse skulls, the team found that B- and T-cells gather with immune cells called antigen-presenting cells (抗原呈递细胞) in immune hubs at the back of the skull. These hubs are similar to lymph nodes, where antigen-presenting cells expose threats to T- and B-cells. Based on previous human gene data, researchers believe such immune hubs also exist in humans. T-cells can activate and assist B-cells in the human skull, though further studies on dead people’s skulls are needed to confirm the conclusion. To test the hubs’ protective function, researchers conducted contrast experiments. They injected cancer cells into mice’s brains. Half the mice received a drug to block the activation of skull immune cells, while the others received salt-water placebo injections. The drug-treated mice lived 25 days on average, shorter than the 30 days of the placebo group. In another test, drugs boosting immune cell activation extended mice’s survival time by 10 days. This proves immune hubs can generate anti-cancer immune responses. If confirmed in humans, these skull immune hubs will provide new treatment ideas for various brain-related diseases, from brain cancer to long-lasting inflammation. The next step, the team says, is to examine human skulls directly and map the hubs’ exact locations. 12. What can we learn about immune hubs? A. They can treat brain cancer. B. They can damage the nervous system. C. They can work like antigen-presenting cells. D. They can help treat immune-related diseases via drugs. 13. What did Kipnis’s team find in the mouse skulls? A. A new drug used for brain cancer treatment. B. Immune hubs formed at the back of the skull. C. Lymph nodes exposing threats to immune cells. D. Tumour pieces travelling in the lymphatic system. 14. Why did researchers carry out contrast experiments? A. To find new types of cancer drugs. B. To study the activation rules of genes. C. To prove the effectiveness of immune hubs. D. To confirm the existence of human immune hubs. 15. What will the researchers do next according to the last paragraph? A. Locate immune hubs in human skulls. B. Develop new drugs for brain diseases. C. Compare immune hubs in humans and mice. D. Apply the findings to brain cancer treatment. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了研究发现头骨内存在免疫中枢，可抵御脑部疾病。小鼠实验证实其抗癌免疫作用。研究者推测人体也存在该结构，下一步将直接研究人类头骨，确定免疫中枢准确位置。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery, based on a study into the brains of mice and human genetic data, implies that targeting these hubs with drugs could bring new treatments for conditions where immune cells act in a wrong way, such as brain cancer.(这项研究基于对小鼠大脑和人类基因数据的分析，表明通过药物靶向这些枢纽，可能为免疫细胞功能异常导致的疾病（如脑癌）带来新的治疗方法)”可知，免疫中枢可以通过药物帮助治疗与免疫相关的疾病。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“By imaging and analysing mouse skulls, the team found that B- and T-cells gather with immune cells called antigen-presenting cells (抗原呈递细胞) in immune hubs at the back of the skull.(通过成像和分析小鼠的颅骨，研究团队发现B细胞和T细胞会聚集在颅骨后方的免疫中枢中，与一种称为抗原呈递细胞的免疫细胞共同存在)”可知，基普尼斯团队在小鼠颅骨中发现免疫中枢形成于颅骨后部。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“To test the hubs’ protective function, researchers conducted contrast experiments.(为了测试这些中枢的保护功能，研究人员进行了对比实验)”可知，研究人员进行对照实验是为了证明免疫中枢有效性。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next step, the team says, is to examine human skulls directly and map the hubs’ exact locations.(团队表示，下一步是直接对人类头骨进行检查，并精确绘制出这些中枢的准确位置)”可知，研究人员接下来会在人类头骨中定位免疫中枢。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine your superior is about to embark on a plan that will surely lead to disaster. Do you stay silent and let the flawed decision move forward? ____16____ Here are several strategies for disagreeing successfully that can help avoid disaster and save your relationship. Use “I” statements. ____17____ This keeps the conversation from feeling like an accusation. Try: “I think another option worth considering is…” Acknowledge their point of view first. State what’s strong about their idea or decision before you add your own view. ____18____ Try: “I think that’s a good starting point, and I’d add…” Besides, keep your tone neutral. The words matter less than the delivery. A calm, even tone signals confidence and respect at the same time. Try: “That approach makes sense to me, and I’d also suggest we look at…” Suggest an alternative. Objecting to an idea puts people on the defensive. ____19____ Try: “Would it make sense to pilot this on a smaller scale before we commit fully?” Meanwhile, identifying the shared goal can help. Reminding the group of what everyone actually wants turns a disagreement into a shared problem to solve. Try: “I think we’re both trying to get to the same outcome. Here’s an option that might get us both the win…” None of these techniques ask you to soften your view or shrink in the moment. They ask you to deliver the message in a way someone can actually receive it. They help you show up as an active, engaged participant. ____20____ A. People listen differently once they feel heard. B. Will you choose words carefully to disagree successfully? C. That distinction is the core of this successful arguing skill. D. The key is to learn the skills of how to disagree gracefully. E. Will you speak up and run the risk of damaging your relationship? F. Proposing an alternative gives them something to build on instead. G. Frame the opposition as your own perspective rather than a correction of theirs. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍几种得体提出异议的沟通技巧，帮助人们巧妙表达不同意见，规避风险同时维护人际关系。 【16题详解】 由上文“Do you stay silent and let the flawed decision move forward?(你会保持沉默，任由这个有缺陷的方案推进吗？)”可知，此处为并列选择问句，引出两种选择，下文才会介绍成功表达异议的策略。E项“Will you speak up and run the risk of damaging your relationship?(你会大胆说出想法，冒着破坏人际关系的风险吗？)”符合语境，和上一句构成连续设问，起到承上启下作用。 【17题详解】 本段小标题为Use “I” statements.(使用“我”字句)，下文“This keeps the conversation from feeling like an accusation.(这会让对话不会像是指责)”。G项“Frame the opposition as your own perspective rather than a correction of theirs.(把反对意见表述成你个人的看法，而不是去纠正对方)”介绍“I”字句的做法，后文This指代该做法，启示下文。 【18题详解】 由上文“State what’s strong about their idea or decision before you add your own view.(在提出自己观点前，先说明对方想法的可取之处)”可知，本段主旨为先认可对方观点再表达己见。A项“People listen differently once they feel heard.(一旦人们感到自己被倾听，他们听进去的状态就会不一样。)”解释该做法背后的道理，承接上文。 【19题详解】 本段小标题Suggest an alternative.(提出替代方案)，上文“Objecting to an idea puts people on the defensive.(单纯反对想法会让对方产生防备心理)”。F项“Proposing an alternative gives them something to build on instead.(而提出替代方案，能给对方可供参考完善的内容)”对比单纯反对，说明提供备选方案的优势，符合段落主旨。 【20题详解】 由上文“None of these techniques ask you to soften your view or shrink in the moment. They ask you to deliver the message in a way someone can actually receive it. They help you show up as an active, engaged participant.(这些技巧不是让你弱化观点或退缩，而是用对方可以接受的方式传递想法，帮你成为积极投入的参与者)”可知，此处需要总结句。C项“That distinction is the core of this successful arguing skill.(这种差异正是这项行之有效的表达异议技巧的核心)”中That distinction指代上文不弱化观点但优化表达方式，起到承上总结的作用。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In senior high, my instructor told me, “Time holds supreme influence over humans.” As a 16-year-old learner of global literature, the ____21____ sounded reasonable at that moment, yet it took many years before I ____22____ understand its real meaning. Not long ago, I chatted with a workmate about my massive list of pending tasks. She softly ____23____ me, “We are not masters of our time.” For an instant, my high-school memories ____24____ my mind. “I don’t entirely agree,” I ____25____. “That is precisely why we ought to master the techniques of time ____26____.” As a mother with a full-time job who enjoys ____27____ outdoor sports, I have found a way to keep this habit ____28____: jogging in each midday break. My break lasts 50 minutes. After heading outside, roughly 45 minutes remain. I spend around 35 minutes jogging, sparing time to wash and change before ____29____ to my teaching duties. Apart from improving physical fitness, midday jogging brings an extra ____30____. It allows me to step away temporarily from heavy workloads, refreshes my body, and supplies mental energy to ____31____ new difficulties in career and daily life. As summer vacation draws near, I am ____32____ my schedule — moments for family, writing and jogging. I have come to realize how much I ____33____ those midday runs and intend to stick to the ____34____. Since I can manage my available time better now, I will make the best of it to ____35____ my ambition. 21. A. remark B. criticism C. warning D. idiom 22. A. roughly B. naturally C. barely D. ultimately 23. A. convinced B. persuaded C. reminded D. motivated 24. A. broke out B. flooded into C. looked into D. set out 25. A. responded B. guaranteed C. anticipated D. concluded 26. A. protection B. judgement C. management D. reservation 27. A. energetic B. consistent C. temporary D. distant 28. A. alive B. steady C. handy D. permanent 29. A. wasting B. saving C. leaving D. dropping 30. A. allowance B. income C. profit D. bonus 31. A. cope with B. settle down C. take over D. pick up 32. A. logging B. arranging C. negotiating D. regulating 33. A. deserve B. acquire C. grant D. treasure 34. A. mission B. custom C. practice D. foundation 35. A. present B. fulfill C. shape D. overthrow 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者高中时听到关于时间的一句话，多年后才理解。作为全职教师兼母亲，她坚持午休慢跑，学会时间管理，珍惜该习惯并计划用好时间实现理想。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为一名16岁的世界文学学习者，这番言论在当时听起来很有道理，但多年之后我才最终明白它真正的含义。A. remark言论；B. criticism批评；C. warning警告；D. idiom习语。结合前文导师说的一句话“Time holds supreme influence over humans.”可知，此处指代这句话语，remark指别人说的话。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：作为一名16岁的世界文学学习者，这番言论在当时听起来很有道理，但多年之后我才最终明白它真正的含义。A. roughly大约；B. naturally自然地；C. barely几乎不；D. ultimately最终。根据上文“it took many years”可知，多年以后才最终理解这句话的含义。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：她轻声提醒我：“我们并不是时间的主人。”A. convinced使信服；B. persuaded劝说；C. reminded提醒；D. motivated激励。根据后文“We are not masters of our time.”指同事说出一句话提示作者。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一瞬间，高中的记忆涌入我的脑海。A. broke out爆发；B. flooded into涌入；C. looked into调查；D. set out出发。根据上文“my high-school memories”指作者的记忆涌入脑海用flooded into。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我不完全同意。”我回应道。A. responded回应；B. guaranteed保证；C. anticipated预料；D. concluded得出结论。上文“We are not masters of our time.”同事说了话，这里是作者做出回答。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：这正是我们应该掌握时间管理技巧的原因。A. protection保护；B. judgement判断；C. management管理；D. reservation预订。根据上文“We are not masters of our time.”以及“That is precisely why we ought to master the techniques of time”可知，因为不是时间的主人，所以应该掌握时间管理技巧。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：身为一名全职妈妈且热爱持续的户外运动，我找到了维持这个习惯稳定的办法：午休慢跑。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. consistent持续的；C. temporary临时的；D. distant遥远的。根据后文“I have found a way to keep this habit”以及此处修饰“outdoor sports”指长期持续坚持的户外运动。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：身为一名全职妈妈且热爱持续的户外运动，我找到了维持这个习惯稳定的办法：午休慢跑。A. alive活着的；B. steady稳定的；C. handy方便的；D. permanent永久的。根据后文“jogging in each midday break”可知，午休慢跑是作者维持习惯稳定的办法。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：出门后大约还剩45分钟，我花约35分钟慢跑，留出时间洗漱换衣再回到教学工作。A. wasting浪费；B. saving节省；C. leaving离开；D. dropping丢下。根据上文“My break lasts 50 minutes. After heading outside, roughly 45 minutes remain. I spend around 35 minutes jogging, sparing time to wash and change before”可知，作者做完上述事情后回到教学工作岗位上。此处leaving to my teaching duties指动身去履行教学职责。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了强身健体，午间慢跑还有额外的好处。A. allowance津贴；B. income收入；C. profit利润；D. bonus额外好处。根据后文“It allows me to step away temporarily from heavy workloads, refreshes my body”可知，午间慢跑有额外的益处。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：它让我暂时远离繁重工作，恢复体力，提供精神能量去应对事业和生活中新的难题。A. cope with应对；B. settle down安定；C. take over接管；D. pick up捡起。根据后文“new difficulties in career and daily life”可知，运动让作者有精神能量去应对事业和生活中新的难题。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：暑假将近，我正在安排我的日程——留给家人、写作和慢跑的时间。A. logging记录；B. arranging安排；C. negotiating协商；D. regulating调节。根据后文“my schedule — moments for family, writing and jogging”可知，作者安排日程。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：我渐渐意识到我有多珍惜这些午间跑步，并打算坚持这一做法。A. deserve值得；B. acquire获得；C. grant授予；D. treasure珍惜。根据后文“those midday runs and intend to stick to the”以及上文提到午休慢跑的各种好处，可知，作者十分看重午休慢跑。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：我渐渐意识到我有多珍惜这些午间跑步，并打算坚持这一做法。A. mission任务；B. custom风俗；C. practice惯例，实践，行为；D. foundation基础。根据上文“intend to stick to the”此处指坚持午休慢跑这一习惯做法。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：既然现在我能更好地管理可用时间，我会充分利用时间去实现我的抱负。A. present呈现；B. fulfill实现；C. shape塑造；D. overthrow推翻。根据后文“my ambition”可知，管理好时间，作者会充分利用时间去实现抱负。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first traffic-management robot squad has received a new round of upgrades, ___36___ (give) the machines greater autonomous patrol and public-service capabilities, Hangzhou traffic police said on Monday. The upgraded robots will be deployed in the West Lake scenic area in ___37___ upcoming autumn tourism season and will be assigned according to real-time pedestrian and traffic flows. The 15-robot squad, ___38___ (know) as “Hangjing Zhixing”, began full-scale operations during the May Day holiday. They help direct traffic, discourage violations and provide ___39___ (guide) for tourists. The latest upgrades are designed to deal with complex traffic scenarios, ___40___ were beyond the ability of earlier robot systems. Previously, the robots ___41___ (fix) in one direction, limiting their monitoring range. A new function allows them to turn ___42___ (flexible) to adapt to changing traffic conditions. Upgraded positioning technology, proved effective in various tests, has greatly improved the robots’ ability to move autonomously. The improvements make round-the-clock patrols possible. Robots can now work well ___43___ noisy and crowded street environments. Since entering service four months ago, the robots ___44___ (offer) more than 11,000 public services for citizens and tourists. These intelligent robots take over repetitive tasks, freeing police personnel ____45____ (concentrate) more on emergencies and key public services. 【答案】36. giving 37. the 38. known 39. guidance 40. which 41. were fixed 42. flexibly 43. in 44. have offered 45. to concentrate 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍杭州交管机器人小队完成新一轮升级及其功能与应用情况。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：杭州交警周一表示，中国首支交通管理机器人小队完成新一轮升级，使这些机器人拥有更强的自主巡逻与公共服务能力。前面整件事和give是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：升级后的机器人将在即将到来的秋季旅游季部署于西湖景区，并根据实时人流和车流安排工作。the upcoming… 为固定用法，the用于特指即将到来的时节。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这支名为“杭警智行”的15台机器人小队，在五一假期开始全面投入使用。robot squad与know是被动关系，be known as“被称作”，过去分词作后置定语。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们协助指挥交通、制止违法行为，并为游客提供指引。动词provide后接名词作宾语，guide是动词，名词形式guidance，表“指引”。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最新升级是为了应对复杂交通场景，这类场景超出早期机器人系统的能力范围。先行词是complex traffic scenarios，指物，引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句作主语，用which。 【41题详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：此前，机器人被固定在一个方向，限制了它们的监控范围。robots和fix为被动关系；Previously表示过去情况，主语为复数，一般过去时被动用were fixed。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：一项新功能让它们可以灵活转向，适应不断变化的交通状况。此处修饰动词turn，要用副词。flexible是形容词，副词形式flexibly。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：机器人现在可以在嘈杂拥挤的街道环境中良好工作。in…environments固定搭配，表示“在……环境中”。故填in。 【44题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自四个月前投入使用以来，这些机器人已经为市民和游客提供超过11000次公共服务。Since entering service是现在完成时标志，主语robots为复数，用have offered。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些智能机器人接手重复性工作，让警务人员能够更多专注于突发事件和重点公共服务。free sb. to do sth.固定结构：使某人得以做某事，不定式作宾补。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，10月16日是世界粮食日(World Food Day)，请你代表学生会在校英文报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们节约粮食。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 【答案】Dear fellow students, As we know, October 16th is World Food Day. I’m writing on behalf of the Student Union to call on all of us to save food. Food is precious, yet food waste is still common in our school dining hall. Many of us order more food than needed and leave plenty on plates. Saving food is not only a good habit but also a kind of responsibility. Let’s start with small acts: take a proper amount of food and avoid leftovers. Every grain counts. Student Union 【解析】 【导语】文章要求代表学生会向同学发出节约粮食的倡议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 宝贵的：precious→valuable 号召：call on→appeal to 避免：avoid→evade 剩饭菜：leftovers→remains 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing on behalf of the Student Union to call on all of us to save food. 拓展句：I’m writing on behalf of the Student Union, which organizes many school activities, to call on all of us to save food. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we know, October 16th is World Food Day.（运用as引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Saving food is not only a good habit but also a kind of responsibility.（运用了动名词作主语、not only...but also...并列结构） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The small neighborhood bookstore had stood quietly on a corner of the community for decades. With weathered wooden shelves, faint ink fragrance and soft warm lights, it was far more than a common commercial shop. It served as a warm spiritual shelter for local residents all year round. The elderly often spent their spare afternoons reading quietly here, while teenagers liked to stay for a while to relax themselves in a sea of books after tiring school days. Nevertheless, in recent years, the booming online book business and constantly soaring community rent have put the small bookstore in an extremely tough position. The owner Mr. Lee worked hard every day but could hardly cover his basic costs. After struggling in vain for a long time and seeing no way out, he finally made the tough decision to close the beloved bookstore at the end of the month. The disappointing news quickly spread through the neighborhood, leaving all residents filled with endless regret and sadness. No one was willing to see this warm place that carried countless community memories vanish overnight. Lila, a local high school student who had grown up frequenting the bookstore, was extremely upset. Counting the sweet childhood memories and quiet reading moments she had here, she couldn’t bear to witness the bookstore’s disappearance. Determined to do something to change the situation, she came up with a practical idea. She turned to her school teachers and classmates for help, sincerely telling them the bookstore’s touching story and awkward dilemma. Moved by her sincerity, many warm-hearted students volunteered to lend a hand. They carefully designed delicate posters, wrote touching publicity articles and prepared a book charity sale to draw wider public attention. Word of the students’ kind efforts soon got around, and their youthful efforts quietly warmed the whole community, many signing up for the upcoming rescue campaign. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 On its final weekend, the bookstore witnessed a long-awaited change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Moved by their joined hands, Mr. Lee resolved to keep the store alive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1 On its final weekend, the bookstore witnessed a long-awaited change. Contrary to the originally scheduled closing day, the warm little store was crowded with neighbors and students. The charity book sale got off to a good start. People actively bought books and donated money, hoping to save the beloved bookstore. Many elders shared their warm reading memories here, while teenagers expressed how the store had accompanied their growth. The posters and articles made by students successfully aroused widespread public concern, filling the whole community with warmth. Paragraph 2 Moved by their joined hands, Mr. Lee resolved to keep the store alive. Deeply touched by everyone’s sincere support and love, he decided to hold on rather than give up. With the money raised from the charity sale, he successfully paid the rent and relieved his financial pressure. The small bookstore finally survived the hardship and regained its vitality. It continued to stand at the community corner, offering peace and warmth to every visitor. Lila truly realized that small kindnesses and joint efforts could guard beautiful memories and light up the whole community. 【解析】 【导语】本文以社区老书店的守护故事为线索展开，讲述一家温暖的老牌社区书店，因网络售书行业蓬勃发展、房租持续上涨，经营艰难，店主无奈计划月底闭店。热爱书店的高中生Lila不忍珍贵的社区记忆消逝，主动寻求师生帮助，制作宣传物料、筹备图书义卖，号召大众助力，越来越多居民加入这场拯救书店的暖心行动。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写原本即将倒闭的书店迎来转机，周末人流涌动，义卖活动顺利开展，居民纷纷捐款买书、分享温情回忆，学生的宣传成功带动全民助力书店。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写店主被众人的齐心善意深深打动，放弃闭店想法，依靠义卖资金缓解经营压力，书店重获生机，Lila也从中领悟善意与团结的力量。 2. 续写线索：周末迎来转机 —— 众人齐聚助力义卖 —— 温情传递、全民支援 —— 店主深受触动 —— 决心坚守、渡过难关 —— 书店重生、感悟真谛 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①引起关注：arouse concern / draw attention ②渡过难关：survive the hardship / get through difficulties 情绪类 ①真诚的：sincere / heartfelt ②善良：kindnesses / goodness 【点睛】[高分句型1] Deeply touched by everyone’s sincere support and love, he decided to hold on rather than give up. (运用过去分词作状语) [高分句型2] Lila truly realized that small kindnesses and joint efforts could guard beautiful memories and light up the whole community. (运用that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 山东省实验中学2027届高三第一次诊断性考试 英语试题 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What will the woman probably do next? A. Paint a picture. B. Send an email. C. Check the article. 2. What can we learn about the man A. He’s forgetful. B. He’s in a hurry. C. He’s organized. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a ship factory. B. In an art gallery. C. In a hospital hall. 4. What does the woman think of the smartwatch? A. It’s fully functional. B. It’s affordable. C. It’s unnecessary. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A work mode shift. B. A job hunting experience. C. A time management method. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音，每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers doing? A. Writing a novel. B. Watching a movie. C. Staging a play. 7. How does the woman feel about the plot? A. Imaginative. B. Confusing. C. Reasonable. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Why is the new station in the suburbs? A. To avoid heavy traffic. B. To store a big telescope. C. To avoid bright city light. 9. What might bother Tom in his work? A. The heavy mental labor. B. The unusual working hours. C. The long commuting distance. 10. How will the woman contribute to the project? A. By processing the data. B. By lending new cameras. C. By monitoring the station. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What especially drives the woman to study architecture? A. Her discussion with the man. B. Its mix of design and engineering. C. Its clearly visible influence on a city. 12. What do we know about architecture nowadays? A. It covers various fields. B. It requires advanced degrees. C. It involves diverse decorations. 13. What will the woman probably learn this summer? A. Western philosophy. B. Modern economics. C. Computer science. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the woman’s view on the AI tool? A. It performs terribly. B. It needs more tests. C. It works quite well. 15. What concerns the man about the AI tool? A. Its data leaking risk. B. Its low proficiency. C. Its unreliable accuracy. 16. What function of the AI tool impresses the man? A. Reordering daily reading habits. B. Translating foreign books quickly. C. Offering random recommendations. 17. How can the man use the AI tool? A. With a newly registered account. B. With his original library account. C. With the human librarian’s help. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What was Linda’s task at the dairy company? A. Delivering sugary yogurts to markets. B. Measuring the sugar level in products. C. Analyzing the nutritional value of sugar. 19. What did Linda’s team do in Chicago? A. They created new drinks from plants. B. They invented a sugar-testing method. C. They boosted sales of existing products. 20. What did Linda’s team develop? A. A low-fat chocolate. B. A sugar-free product. C. An AI-driven program. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A There are many ways students can get their volunteer hours. But what if their passions don’t line up with what their school offers? Connections Academy has collected a list of resources here to help them find community service ideas. Best Buddies Service Type: In-person and virtual Best Buddies is an organization dedicated to ending the social, physical, and economic isolation (孤立) of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Its online community service includes joining (or starting) a virtual school group, being a virtual speech coach, and more. If you would like to take action in person, it has fundraisers, friendship walks, and more. Smithsonian Digital Volunteers Service Type: In-person and virtual Make an impact while learning something new! The Smithsonian Institution is the world’s largest museum, education, and research complex. From transcribing (抄写) historical documents to identifying and labeling plants, there is a series of online volunteer opportunities for teens. Zooniverse Service Type: Virtual Zooniverse is an exciting platform for research that provides high school volunteer opportunities, from discovering new planets and studying the human body structure to categorizing animals and identifying teeth. Teens can download the app to conduct research anywhere and spend as much or as little time as they’d like. Catchafire Service Type: Virtual Catchafire is a volunteer search tool on a mission to motivate the world’s talent with an interest in developing professional business skills and is only for online volunteer projects, each with a timeline. The volunteer opportunities available here are particularly valuable for graduating students looking to make an impact while getting on-the-job experience, where they can test out a potential career path and enrich their résumé. 1. What can volunteers do through Best Buddies? A. Promote physical fitness. B. Label different kinds of plants. C. Work as a virtual speech coach. D. Provide practical medical service. 2. What makes Zooniverse different from the other programs? A. It encourages outdoor exploration. B. It allows for flexible time and places. C. It cooperates with local high schools. D. It requires scientific research in real labs. 3. What is special about Catchafire? A. It aims to help people with intellectual disabilities. B. It provides both in-person and virtual volunteer work. C. It requires volunteers to submit their resume. D. It helps students gain work experience for future jobs. B Lina Chen, a middle schooler from a small town in Yunnan, won the top award in the Teen Innovators Contest for designing a new mosquito net that is superior to existing models, as stated in the press release. Lina’s inspiration came after she witnessed many villagers suffer from mosquito bites and infectious diseases spread by mosquitoes during the rainy season, reported the local youth newspaper. “I had never really noticed how serious the problem was before,” she told the reporter about the serious situation in her hometown. “People used ordinary mosquito nets, but mosquitoes still found ways to get inside,” she added. After studying disease statistics, Lina spent over a year developing her improved mosquito net that she believes could greatly reduce the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses. Unlike traditional mosquito nets that simply form a physical barrier to keep mosquitoes out, Lina’s smart net is designed to warn people when tiny holes appear before mosquitoes can enter. With thin fiber sensors and a microcomputer, the device detects small damages on the net and sends a warning message to the phone. Creating the prototype was difficult and the hardest part was adjusting the sensors. “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed,” she said. The final device outperforms common mosquito nets in sensitivity and convenience. Lina wants to bring the costs down to make it even more widely used than ordinary nets. “Lina spotted a real-life problem, committed herself to it and strove to work out a solution, and that is exactly the quality we should foster in youngsters,” remarked the contest’s chief organizer. She also highlighted the significance of backing young innovators, especially teenagers in rural regions who are interested in STEM fields. Relevant studies indicate that plenty of creative young talents are held back by limited resources to turn their creative concepts into tangible prototypes. 4. What inspired Lina to design the new mosquito net? A. Her wish to win a national contest. B. Her interest in testing new diseases. C. Her research about disease statistics. D. Her awareness of villagers’ suffering. 5. What can we learn about Lina’s invention? A. It warns users when the net gets damaged. B. It kills mosquitoes once they touch the net. C. It sets a physical barrier against mosquitoes. D. It outperforms old nets by keeping the air fresh. 6. What can be inferred about the smart net from paragraph 4? A. It is apparently user-friendly. B. It stops mosquitoes entering. C. It detects certain mosquitoes. D. It costs less than ordinary nets. 7. Which of the following best describes Lina? A. Cautious and flexible. B. Modest and generous. C. Ambitious and inquiring. D. Observant and determined. C PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, are found in drinking water, food, and household products. These chemicals have been linked to negative health outcomes, including certain cancers. PFAS are widely used because they are highly durable and can resist both water and oil. However, they do not break down easily in the environment and can linger in the human body. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, nearly everyone in the United States has PFAS in their blood. Eliminating PFAS is almost impossible, and researchers are still determining which actions are most effective at reducing exposure. However, studies show that when exposure decreases, PFAS levels in the body can gradually decline over several years. Drinking water can be an important source of exposure. If testing shows high PFAS levels in water and the community has not installed filtration (过滤) systems, it is advisable to purchase a household filter certified to treat PFAS contamination (污染物). According to the National Academies report, diet is likely the primary way people are exposed to PFAS in places without drinking water contamination. Some meat, dairy products and chicken eggs have been found to contain PFAS chemicals, but according to the Food and Drug Administration, most detectable PFAS were found in seafood. Produce grown with contaminated water can also become a source of exposure. PFAS have been widely used in consumer products because they make items waterproof, slippery, durable, or stain-resistant. They may be found in cookware, waterproof clothing, carpets, tablecloths, and other household products. However, there is currently insufficient evidence that simply changing consumer products significantly reduces PFAS exposure. Fortunately, many manufacturers are phasing out PFAS. Companies such as 3M and BASF have reduced or stopped their use, while major retailers (零售商) and brands are also working to make their products PFAS-free. Research shows that as the production and use of certain PFAS declined, levels of those chemicals in Americans’ blood also fell over time, which can be conducive to public health. 8. Why are PFAS widely used? A. They are watery. B. They are chemically stable. C. They are unbreakable. D. They are readily available. 9. Which of the following may contain higher levels of PFAS? A. Filtered water. B. Cotton clothes. C. Nonstick cookers. D. Freshwater fish. 10. What does the underlined word “conducive” in the last paragraph mean? A. Subject. B. Favorable. C. Devoted. D. Related. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. PFAS: Sources of Exposure B. PFAS: Forever Pollutants C. PFAS: Application and Reduction D. PFAS: Prospects and Challenges D Hubs (中枢) of immune cells in the skull may help to defend our brain against disease. The discovery, based on a study into the brains of mice and human genetic data, implies that targeting these hubs with drugs could bring new treatments for conditions where immune cells act in a wrong way, such as brain cancer. “It’s an important step forward in understanding the brain’s immune response,” says Vesa Kiviniemi at the University of Oulu in Finland, who wasn’t involved in the study. He notes the finding also helps research on brain infections, inflammation and diseases that damage the nervous system. Immune cells called T-cells and B-cells are activated to protect the brain when they spot threat signs, like pieces of tumours in the lymphatic (淋巴的) system. Jonathan Kipnis and his workmates have uncovered a new way of activating these cells. By imaging and analysing mouse skulls, the team found that B- and T-cells gather with immune cells called antigen-presenting cells (抗原呈递细胞) in immune hubs at the back of the skull. These hubs are similar to lymph nodes, where antigen-presenting cells expose threats to T- and B-cells. Based on previous human gene data, researchers believe such immune hubs also exist in humans. T-cells can activate and assist B-cells in the human skull, though further studies on dead people’s skulls are needed to confirm the conclusion. To test the hubs’ protective function, researchers conducted contrast experiments. They injected cancer cells into mice’s brains. Half the mice received a drug to block the activation of skull immune cells, while the others received salt-water placebo injections. The drug-treated mice lived 25 days on average, shorter than the 30 days of the placebo group. In another test, drugs boosting immune cell activation extended mice’s survival time by 10 days. This proves immune hubs can generate anti-cancer immune responses. If confirmed in humans, these skull immune hubs will provide new treatment ideas for various brain-related diseases, from brain cancer to long-lasting inflammation. The next step, the team says, is to examine human skulls directly and map the hubs’ exact locations. 12. What can we learn about immune hubs? A. They can treat brain cancer. B. They can damage the nervous system. C. They can work like antigen-presenting cells. D. They can help treat immune-related diseases via drugs. 13. What did Kipnis’s team find in the mouse skulls? A. A new drug used for brain cancer treatment. B. Immune hubs formed at the back of the skull. C. Lymph nodes exposing threats to immune cells. D. Tumour pieces travelling in the lymphatic system. 14. Why did researchers carry out contrast experiments? A. To find new types of cancer drugs. B. To study the activation rules of genes. C. To prove the effectiveness of immune hubs. D. To confirm the existence of human immune hubs. 15. What will the researchers do next according to the last paragraph? A. Locate immune hubs in human skulls. B. Develop new drugs for brain diseases. C. Compare immune hubs in humans and mice. D. Apply the findings to brain cancer treatment. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine your superior is about to embark on a plan that will surely lead to disaster. Do you stay silent and let the flawed decision move forward? ____16____ Here are several strategies for disagreeing successfully that can help avoid disaster and save your relationship. Use “I” statements. ____17____ This keeps the conversation from feeling like an accusation. Try: “I think another option worth considering is…” Acknowledge their point of view first. State what’s strong about their idea or decision before you add your own view. ____18____ Try: “I think that’s a good starting point, and I’d add…” Besides, keep your tone neutral. The words matter less than the delivery. A calm, even tone signals confidence and respect at the same time. Try: “That approach makes sense to me, and I’d also suggest we look at…” Suggest an alternative. Objecting to an idea puts people on the defensive. ____19____ Try: “Would it make sense to pilot this on a smaller scale before we commit fully?” Meanwhile, identifying the shared goal can help. Reminding the group of what everyone actually wants turns a disagreement into a shared problem to solve. Try: “I think we’re both trying to get to the same outcome. Here’s an option that might get us both the win…” None of these techniques ask you to soften your view or shrink in the moment. They ask you to deliver the message in a way someone can actually receive it. They help you show up as an active, engaged participant. ____20____ A. People listen differently once they feel heard. B. Will you choose words carefully to disagree successfully? C. That distinction is the core of this successful arguing skill. D. The key is to learn the skills of how to disagree gracefully. E. Will you speak up and run the risk of damaging your relationship? F. Proposing an alternative gives them something to build on instead. G. Frame the opposition as your own perspective rather than a correction of theirs. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In senior high, my instructor told me, “Time holds supreme influence over humans.” As a 16-year-old learner of global literature, the ____21____ sounded reasonable at that moment, yet it took many years before I ____22____ understand its real meaning. Not long ago, I chatted with a workmate about my massive list of pending tasks. She softly ____23____ me, “We are not masters of our time.” For an instant, my high-school memories ____24____ my mind. “I don’t entirely agree,” I ____25____. “That is precisely why we ought to master the techniques of time ____26____.” As a mother with a full-time job who enjoys ____27____ outdoor sports, I have found a way to keep this habit ____28____: jogging in each midday break. My break lasts 50 minutes. After heading outside, roughly 45 minutes remain. I spend around 35 minutes jogging, sparing time to wash and change before ____29____ to my teaching duties. Apart from improving physical fitness, midday jogging brings an extra ____30____. It allows me to step away temporarily from heavy workloads, refreshes my body, and supplies mental energy to ____31____ new difficulties in career and daily life. As summer vacation draws near, I am ____32____ my schedule — moments for family, writing and jogging. I have come to realize how much I ____33____ those midday runs and intend to stick to the ____34____. Since I can manage my available time better now, I will make the best of it to ____35____ my ambition. 21. A. remark B. criticism C. warning D. idiom 22. A. roughly B. naturally C. barely D. ultimately 23. A. convinced B. persuaded C. reminded D. motivated 24. A. broke out B. flooded into C. looked into D. set out 25. A. responded B. guaranteed C. anticipated D. concluded 26. A. protection B. judgement C. management D. reservation 27. A. energetic B. consistent C. temporary D. distant 28. A. alive B. steady C. handy D. permanent 29. A. wasting B. saving C. leaving D. dropping 30. A. allowance B. income C. profit D. bonus 31. A. cope with B. settle down C. take over D. pick up 32. A. logging B. arranging C. negotiating D. regulating 33. A. deserve B. acquire C. grant D. treasure 34. A. mission B. custom C. practice D. foundation 35. A. present B. fulfill C. shape D. overthrow 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first traffic-management robot squad has received a new round of upgrades, ___36___ (give) the machines greater autonomous patrol and public-service capabilities, Hangzhou traffic police said on Monday. The upgraded robots will be deployed in the West Lake scenic area in ___37___ upcoming autumn tourism season and will be assigned according to real-time pedestrian and traffic flows. The 15-robot squad, ___38___ (know) as “Hangjing Zhixing”, began full-scale operations during the May Day holiday. They help direct traffic, discourage violations and provide ___39___ (guide) for tourists. The latest upgrades are designed to deal with complex traffic scenarios, ___40___ were beyond the ability of earlier robot systems. Previously, the robots ___41___ (fix) in one direction, limiting their monitoring range. A new function allows them to turn ___42___ (flexible) to adapt to changing traffic conditions. Upgraded positioning technology, proved effective in various tests, has greatly improved the robots’ ability to move autonomously. The improvements make round-the-clock patrols possible. Robots can now work well ___43___ noisy and crowded street environments. Since entering service four months ago, the robots ___44___ (offer) more than 11,000 public services for citizens and tourists. These intelligent robots take over repetitive tasks, freeing police personnel ____45____ (concentrate) more on emergencies and key public services. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，10月16日是世界粮食日(World Food Day)，请你代表学生会在校英文报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们节约粮食。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Student Union 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The small neighborhood bookstore had stood quietly on a corner of the community for decades. With weathered wooden shelves, faint ink fragrance and soft warm lights, it was far more than a common commercial shop. It served as a warm spiritual shelter for local residents all year round. The elderly often spent their spare afternoons reading quietly here, while teenagers liked to stay for a while to relax themselves in a sea of books after tiring school days. Nevertheless, in recent years, the booming online book business and constantly soaring community rent have put the small bookstore in an extremely tough position. The owner Mr. Lee worked hard every day but could hardly cover his basic costs. After struggling in vain for a long time and seeing no way out, he finally made the tough decision to close the beloved bookstore at the end of the month. The disappointing news quickly spread through the neighborhood, leaving all residents filled with endless regret and sadness. No one was willing to see this warm place that carried countless community memories vanish overnight. Lila, a local high school student who had grown up frequenting the bookstore, was extremely upset. Counting the sweet childhood memories and quiet reading moments she had here, she couldn’t bear to witness the bookstore’s disappearance. Determined to do something to change the situation, she came up with a practical idea. She turned to her school teachers and classmates for help, sincerely telling them the bookstore’s touching story and awkward dilemma. Moved by her sincerity, many warm-hearted students volunteered to lend a hand. They carefully designed delicate posters, wrote touching publicity articles and prepared a book charity sale to draw wider public attention. Word of the students’ kind efforts soon got around, and their youthful efforts quietly warmed the whole community, many signing up for the upcoming rescue campaign. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 On its final weekend, the bookstore witnessed a long-awaited change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Moved by their joined hands, Mr. Lee resolved to keep the store alive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $