Unit1分层作业2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上学期

2026-10-12
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译林版《英语》八年级上册 Unit 1 Friendship 分层作业设计(2026—2027学年第一学期) 一、作品基础信息 项 目 内 容 作品名称 译林版《英语》八年级上册 Unit 1 Friendship 分层作业 学段学科 初中英语 教材版本 译林出版社《英语》(2024年版)八年级上册(2025年秋季启用) 适用年级 八年级(2026—2027学年第一学期) 单元与话题 Unit 1 Friendship(友谊) 涉及板块 Welcome to the unit、Reading、Grammar、Word power、Integration、Assessment 作业类型 单元分层作业(课后巩固与拓展) 设计依据 《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》 题量与分值 共 9 大题,满分 100 分 建议用时 30—40 分钟 分层设置 A 层 基础巩固(必做);B 层 能力提升(必做);C 层 拓展创新(选做) 呈现形式 纸质作业单,含参考答案与解析 设计者 ××× 设计单位 ×××××× 版式规范 文档标题为黑体三号加粗居中;一级标题为宋体四号加粗;二级标题为宋体小四加粗;正文为宋体五号;英文、数字、公式使用 Times New Roman;拼音用汉语拼音体;公式用 MathType 公式编辑器或微软公式编辑器编辑。 二、设计背景与意图 (一)课标与素养依据 本作业依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》设计,践行“学思结合、用创为本”的英语学习活动观,围绕语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力四个维度确定目标,指向核心素养的融合发展。作业以单元主题“友谊”为情境载体,引导学生在真实的语言运用中理解友谊的内涵、表达对朋友品质的认识,体现教—学—评一体化的评价理念;同时控制书面作业总量与难度梯度,落实“减负提质”的要求。 (二)教材与学情分析 Unit 1 Friendship 是译林版《英语》八年级上册的起始单元,隶属“人与社会”主题范畴下的“人际交往与友谊”主题群。单元由 Welcome to the unit、Reading、Grammar、Word power、Integration 和 Assessment 等板块构成,形成从“认知品质—描写人物—内化语法—整合技能—独立产出”的完整学习链。Welcome to the unit 通过 helpful、honest、cheerful、humorous、caring 等品质词的匹配活动与对话范例,引导学生就“什么是好朋友”发表观点;Reading《My best friend》以“外貌—品质—事例—小结”的结构介绍 Betty 与 Max 两位挚友;Grammar 系统呈现形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则与基本用法;Word power 学习后缀 -ful 与 -less 的构词;Integration 整合“两个朋友和熊”的寓言、听说活动与《My best friend》写作任务。本单元的核心语言为描述人物品质的形容词、比较级与最高级结构,以及“观点+理由”的表达方式。 八年级学生经过七年级的学习,已积累 kind、friendly、tall 等描述人物性格与外形的形容词,能用简单句描述朋友,对“朋友”话题有较强的表达意愿;但学生差异较明显:部分学生抽象品质词掌握不牢、比较级的构成规则容易混淆,表达多停留在简单罗列形容词;另一部分学生基础较好、学有余力,需要思维含量更高的任务。单一的“一刀切”作业难以满足全体学生的需要,实施分层作业十分必要。 (三)设计意图 本作业以“班级友谊墙”(Our Friendship Wall)为情境主线,串联词汇、语法、语篇与表达等任务,力求实现三个“指向”:一是指向基础,帮助学生巩固本单元的核心词汇、短语与句型;二是指向能力,引导学生在真实语境中运用形容词的比较级和最高级,提升语言运用能力;三是指向素养,通过人物描写的比较与“为朋友画像”的探究任务,培养学生的文化意识、思维品质与学习能力,帮助学生体会“A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。)”的深意。 具体而言:一是素养立意、目标分层,以核心素养四维度为纲,将单元目标拆解为基础、提升、拓展三级;二是尊重差异、弹性选择,A、B 两层为必做,C 层为选做,做到“下要保底、上不封顶”;三是情境真实、学用结合,所有题目均置于“友谊”主题语境中,避免孤立的机械操练;四是教—学—评一致,作业目标、内容与评价量表一一对应;五是减量提质,全卷建议用时 30—40 分钟,切实落实“双减”要求。 三、作业目标 依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》和本单元教学目标,本作业从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力四个维度确定整体目标,并进一步细化为分层目标。 (一)语言能力 1. 能正确认读、拼写并运用本单元核心词汇(如 friendship、honest、cheerful、humorous、caring、patient、trustworthy、secret 等)及相关短语(keep secrets、cheer sb. up、tell jokes 等)。 2. 能掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则(含不规则变化)与基本用法,并在语境中正确使用。 3. 能读懂与本单元话题相关的语篇,获取并归纳关键信息;能围绕“My best friend”写出一篇结构完整、语言基本正确的短文。 (二)文化意识 1. 理解中西方对“好朋友”的共性期待(真诚、善良、互助)与差异,形成开放包容的态度。 2. 感受友谊的价值,学会尊重、信任与关爱他人。 (三)思维品质 1. 能观察、比较、分析描述人物品质的形容词,对其重要性进行判断与归类。 2. 能运用“观点+理由+事例”的方式表达对友谊的理解,发展逻辑思维与批判性思维。 (四)学习能力 1. 能自主选择适切的分层任务,合理安排时间,独立完成并主动订正。 2. 能在自评、互评中反思学习过程,掌握比较、归纳、构词等学习方法。 (五)分层目标 A 层(基础巩固层,必做,面向全体):识记并运用本单元核心词汇与短语,掌握形容词比较级、最高级的构成与基本用法,能读懂浅易的单元相关语篇,达成课标基本要求。 B 层(能力提升层,必做,面向中等及以上水平):在语境中灵活运用词汇与比较结构,能完成句式转换、语篇填空与阅读理解等任务,准确提取并整合语篇信息。 C 层(拓展创新层,选做,面向学有余力):能完成任务型阅读与书面表达,围绕“My best friend”进行综合语言输出,并主动开展实践性探究,实现迁移创新。 四、作业内容与目标对应表 下表将各题作业内容、对应作业目标、指向核心素养与建议用时集中呈现,便于教师整体把握与分层布置。 层次 题号 题 型 对应作业目标 分值 建议用时 完成要求 A 层 Ⅰ 词汇运用(10 题) 语言能力·词汇识记与运用 10 分 5 分钟 必做 A 层 Ⅱ 词形填空(10 题) 语言能力·语法(比较级/最高级) 10 分 5 分钟 必做 A 层 Ⅲ 单项选择(10 题) 语言能力·语法运用 20 分 5 分钟 必做 B 层 Ⅳ 句型转换(5 题) 语言能力·句式运用 10 分 5 分钟 必做 B 层 Ⅴ 语篇填空(10 题) 语言能力·语境运用 10 分 5 分钟 必做 B 层 Ⅵ 阅读理解(5 题) 思维品质·语篇理解 20 分 8 分钟 必做 C 层 Ⅶ 任务型阅读(5 题) 思维品质·信息归纳 10 分 5 分钟 选做 C 层 Ⅷ 书面表达(1 题) 语言能力·综合语言输出 10 分 8 分钟 选做 C 层 Ⅸ 实践活动(二选一) 学习能力·迁移创新 等级评价 课后 选做 说明:A、B 两层为必做,满分合计 80 分;C 层为选做,满分 20 分,作为挑战加分,未完成不额外扣分。 五、作业评价 (一)评价理念与原则 坚持“以评促学、以评促教”,采用“过程性评价+结果性评价”相结合的方式,突出评价的诊断与激励功能。评价主体多元(学生自评、同伴互评、教师评价),评价结果以等级(A/B/C)和星级方式呈现,允许学生在订正后进行二次评价,帮助学生获得成就感。 (二)评价方式 1. 学生自评:学生对照评价量表,反思自己的完成情况与薄弱环节,并写下改进计划。 2. 同伴互评:同桌或小组内交换作业,依据量表互评,提出具体、友善的修改建议。 3. 教师评价:教师结合分层目标,从正确性、规范性、思维深度等角度进行等级评定与个别化反馈。 4. 二次订正:对错误题目要求订正,并用不同颜色笔记录错因,实现“改错—反思—提升”。 (三)分层评价量表 层次 评价重点 合格(C) 良好(B) 优秀(A) A 层 词汇拼写与语法形式 能完成半数以上基础题 基本正确,仅个别拼写或形式错误 全部正确,书写规范整洁 B 层 语篇理解与语境运用 能理解语篇大意 能获取主要信息,语言运用较准确 理解深入,表达准确、有条理 C 层 综合输出与迁移创新 能完成部分任务 内容较完整,语言基本正确 内容充实,表达丰富,有创意 (四)综合评价记录表 评价维度 评价要点 自评 互评 师评 词汇运用 正确拼写并运用本单元核心词汇 语法运用 正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级 语篇理解 读懂语篇,获取并归纳关键信息 书面表达 完成短文,内容完整、语言正确、书写规范 学习态度 按时完成,独立思考,书写整洁 拓展参与 主动选做拓展任务,乐于探究与合作 (五)评价权重与计分 本作业采用加权计分法。设基础层、提升层、拓展层三部分的得分率分别为 r₁、r₂、r₃,则综合得分率 R 按下列公式计算: 其中,各层得分率按下式计算: 式中 Sᵢ 表示第 i 层的实际得分,Mᵢ 表示第 i 层的满分(i = 1,2,3)。综合得分 = 100 × R,保留一位小数。A、B 两层为必做,C 层为选做;选做部分完成后计入综合得分,未完成时该项得分率记 0,不另行扣分。 (六)评价结果的运用 教师根据评价结果动态调整学生的作业层次,做到“能上能下、动态管理”;对基础薄弱的学生及时帮扶,对学有余力的学生提供更具挑战性的任务。学生将错题订正与反思记入“学习档案”,作为后续分层调整与个性化辅导的依据。 六、试题详情 学校正在举办“班级友谊墙”(Our Friendship Wall)活动。请你围绕 Unit 1 Friendship,完成下面的分层任务,向同学们介绍你心中的好朋友吧! 【完成说明】A 层为基础巩固题,全体学生必做;B 层为能力提升题,全体学生必做;C 层为拓展创新题,供学有余力的学生选做,也可作为小组合作任务。 (一)A 层 基础巩固(必做,共 40 分) Ⅰ. 根据首字母或中文提示,用单词的正确形式填空。(共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 10 分) 1. True f________ is one of the most valuable things in our lives. 2. Be h________ and never tell lies to your friends. 3. She is always c________ and makes everyone happy. 4. My uncle is very h________ and his jokes always make us laugh. 5. A c________ friend always cares about you when you are sad. 6. We should be ________(有耐心的)with our friends. 7. Please tell me the ________(真相). I won't be angry. 8. You can trust her because she can keep a ________(秘密). 9. Don't ________(撒谎)to your parents. It's not right. 10. When I am in trouble, my friends often ________(鼓励)me to keep trying. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式(比较级或最高级)填空。(共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 10 分) 1. Lily is ________ (tall) than her sister. 2. Sam is the ________ (tall) boy in our class. 3. This book is much ________ (interesting) than that one. 4. Betty has ________ (big) eyes than May. 5. Max is the ________ (funny) student in our class. 6. My hair is ________ (long) than hers. 7. Tom is the ________ (friendly) of the three boys. 8. My English is ________ (good) than it was last year. 9. This is the ________ (bad) film I have ever seen. 10. The more you read, the ________ (much) you will learn. Ⅲ. 单项选择。(共 10 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 20 分) 1. My best friend Betty is ________ than me. A. slim B. slimmer C. slimmest D. the slimmest 2. Max is ________ boy in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest D. tall 3. — Is Tom ________ than Jack? — Yes, he is. A. friendlier B. friendly C. friendliest D. the friendliest 4. This story is ________ more interesting than that one. A. very B. much C. too D. so 5. Which is ________, the sun or the moon? A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 6. Lily is the ________ student of the three. A. cleverer B. cleverest C. more clever D. the cleverest 7. He is ________ honest boy. He never tells lies. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. The weather is getting ________. A. hot and hot B. hotter and hotter C. more hot D. hottest 9. Of all my friends, Betty is ________. A. generouser B. more generous C. the most generous D. generous 10. The more friends you have, the ________ you will be. A. happy B. happier C. happiest D. more happy (二)B 层 能力提升(必做,共 40 分) Ⅳ. 按要求完成句子。(共 5 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 10 分) 1. Betty is slim. May is slimmer.(合并为一句,用 than) 2. Max is the tallest boy in our class.(改为同义句) 3. My hair is longer than hers.(改为一般疑问句) 4. This book is more interesting than that one.(改为同义句,用 not as … as) 5. He is a very humorous boy.(改为感叹句) Ⅴ. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。(共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 10 分) 方框词汇: be honest cheer laugh care humorous many patient encourage good Friendship (1)________ very important in our lives. A true friend is (2)________ and never tells lies. When you feel sad, he or she can (3)________ you up and make you (4)________. A (5)________ friend always cares about you. My best friend Lucy is (6)________ than any other girl in my class, so (7)________ students like to stay with her. She is also (8)________ than me. When I make mistakes, she always (9)________ me to try again. I believe our friendship will become (10)________ and better. Ⅵ. 阅读理解。(共 5 小题,每小题 4 分,满分 20 分) 阅读下面的短文,从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Different but Best Friends Kate and Lily are best friends, but they are quite different from each other. Kate is tall and outgoing. She is good at sports, and she often plays badminton after school. Lily is shorter than Kate, but she is a good artist. She is quieter and more patient than Kate. Last week, Lily was ill and had to stay at home. Kate went to visit her every day. She helped Lily with her schoolwork and told her funny jokes to cheer her up. “You are the most trustworthy friend I have ever had,” Lily said. Kate smiled and said, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Some people think good friends must be the same, but Kate and Lily don't think so. They believe that differences can make friendship more interesting. What matters most is that they are honest with each other and are always ready to help. 1. What is Kate good at? A. Drawing. B. Sports. C. Singing. D. Cooking. 2. How is Lily different from Kate? A. She is taller. B. She is more outgoing. C. She is quieter and more patient. D. She is better at sports. 3. What did Kate do when Lily was ill? A. She took Lily to hospital. B. She played badminton with Lily. C. She visited Lily and helped her with her schoolwork. D. She drew a picture for Lily. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Kate and Lily are the same. B. Lily is good at sports. C. Kate is more patient than Lily. D. Differences can make friendship more interesting. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Friends should be the same. B. Good friends are always honest and helpful. C. We should not make friends with different people. D. Friends often argue with each other. (三)C 层 拓展创新(选做,共 20 分) Ⅶ. 任务型阅读。(共 5 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 10 分) 阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 Two Friends and the Bear Two friends were walking through a forest. Suddenly, a big bear came out of the trees. One of the friends quickly climbed up a tree and hid among the leaves. The other man was too slow to run away, so he lay down on the ground and held his breath. He pretended to be dead. The bear walked up to him and smelled his face and body. The man didn't move at all. After a while, the bear thought he was dead and walked away. When the bear was gone, the friend in the tree climbed down and asked, “What did the bear say to you?” The other man answered, “The bear told me to stay away from friends who leave you in times of danger.” 1. Where were the two friends walking? 2. What did one of the friends do when he saw the bear? 3. Why did the other man lie down on the ground? 4. What did the bear “say” to the man, according to his answer? 5. What can we learn from the story?(用一句英文作答) Ⅷ. 书面表达。(满分 10 分) 你校英语报正在以“My best friend”为主题征文。请你根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇 80 词左右的短文,介绍你最好的朋友。 提示:1. Who is your best friend?(姓名、年龄、班级)    2. What does he / she look like?(外貌)    3. What is he / she like?(至少用两个形容词描述性格或品质)    4. Why do you think he / she is a good friend?(举一个例子,至少使用一处比较级或最高级) 要求:1. 80 词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);    2. 语句通顺,条理清楚,可适当发挥;    3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名;    4. 至少使用两处比较级或最高级。 Friends are important in our lives. I have a best friend. ____________________________________ Ⅸ. 实践性作业(选做一项,等级评价) A. 制作一张“友谊”主题的英文卡片或海报,用英文写出三个你欣赏朋友的品质,并配以简单插图,贴在班级“友谊墙”上。 B. 用英语采访家人或朋友一个问题“What makes a good friend?”,记录三条回答,并在下节课用英语向同学汇报。 七、答案与解析 (一)A 层 基础巩固 Ⅰ. 词汇运用 1. friendship 2. honest 3. cheerful 4. humorous 5. caring 6. patient 7. truth 8. secret 9. lie 10. encourage 解析:第 6—10 题需结合中文提示与句意作答。careful 表示“仔细的”,与“有耐心的”patient 不同;keep a secret 中的 secret 用单数;lie 此处作动词,意为“撒谎”。 Ⅱ. 词形填空 1. taller 2. tallest 3. more interesting 4. bigger 5. funniest 6. longer 7. friendliest 8. better 9. worst 10. more 解析:第 3 题考查多音节词加 more/most;第 8、9 题为不规则变化——good/well → better → best,bad/ill → worse → worst;第 10 题“the more … the more …”为固定句式。第 4、5 题注意重读闭音节双写与变 y 为 i 的规则(big→bigger,funny→funniest)。 Ⅲ. 单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 解析:第 1、3、5 题考查“两者相比用比较级”(slimmer / friendlier / bigger);第 2、6、9 题考查“三者及以上用最高级”,常与 in / of 短语连用;第 4 题 much 修饰比较级,表示“……得多”;第 7 题 honest 以元音音素开头,用 an;第 8 题“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”;第 10 题“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。 (二)B 层 能力提升 Ⅳ. 句型转换 1. May is slimmer than Betty. 2. Max is taller than any other boy in our class. 3. Is your hair longer than hers? 4. That book is not as interesting as this one. 5. What a humorous boy he is!(或用 How humorous the boy is!) 解析:第 2 题“最高级”与“比较级+than any other+单数名词”可互换,是考查重点;第 4 题 not as … as 与比较级 than 转换时,前后比较对象需互换;第 5 题 what 引导的感叹句中心词为名词,how 引导的感叹句中心词为形容词。 Ⅴ. 语篇填空 1. is 2. honest 3. cheer 4. laugh 5. caring 6. more humorous 7. many 8. more patient 9. encourages 10. better 解析:本文为一段说明“友谊”的语篇,注意语境中的时态与形式变化。第 1 题主语 Friendship 为单数,用 is;第 5 题 care 作定语用形容词 caring;第 8 题“更……的”需用比较级;第 10 题“better and better”表示“越来越好”。 Ⅵ. 阅读理解 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 解析:第 1 题由“She is good at sports”可知答案为 B;第 2 题由“She is quieter and more patient than Kate”可知选 C;第 3 题由“Kate went to visit her every day … helped Lily with her schoolwork”可知选 C;第 4 题 A、B、C 均与原文不符,选 D;第 5 题文章主旨为“诚实、乐于助人的朋友才是好朋友”,选 B。 (三)C 层 拓展创新 Ⅶ. 任务型阅读 1. They were walking through a forest. 2. He quickly climbed up a tree and hid among the leaves. 3. Because he had no time to run away, so he pretended to be dead. 4. The bear told him to stay away from friends who leave you in times of danger. 5. A true friend never leaves you in times of danger.(言之有理即可) 解析:本题要求用完整句子作答,注意人称、时态与标点。第 5 题为主观题,只要紧扣“真朋友在危难时不离弃”这一主题、语句正确即可得分。 Ⅷ. 书面表达 参考范文:Friends are important in our lives. I have a best friend. His name is Li Ming. He is thirteen years old, and we are in the same class. Li Ming is taller than me, and he wears a pair of glasses. He is friendly and helpful. He has a great sense of humour and often tells funny jokes to make me laugh. He is the most trustworthy friend in my class. When I am sad, he always cheers me up and encourages me. I am lucky to have such a good friend. 评分建议(满分 10 分): ① 内容完整,涵盖全部提示要点,得 3—4 分; ② 语言准确,用词得当、时态无误,得 3—4 分; ③ 至少使用两处比较级或最高级,结构连贯、书写规范,得 2—3 分。 Ⅸ. 实践性作业 采用等级评价:内容真实、语言准确、呈现美观、有创意,可评为 A 级;能基本完成任务、语言较准确,评为 B 级;完成任务较困难、需教师指导,评为 C 级。鼓励学生用照片或短视频记录成果,在班级展评中分享。 第 页 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit1分层作业2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上学期
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