Unit 1 Word power 讲义 2026-2027学年英语译林版八年级上册

Unit 1 Friendship Word power 课时基本信息 课 题 Unit 1 Friendship — Word power 课 型 词汇构词课(第四课时 45分钟) 年 级 八年级上册 版 本 译林版(2024)英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 熟练掌握 -ful 和 -less 后缀的构成规则(-ful = full of,-less = without)及核心词汇在语境中的正确运用,借助构词法自主推测词义,通过头脑风暴与合作探究拓展 -ful/-less 词库 【教学难点】 识别并非所有名词都能同时加两个后缀的特例(如 sleepless 无 sleepful),准确区分形近词义(如 tasteful vs tasteless)并根据上下文逻辑选择恰当的后缀形式 词汇速览 -ful /fl/ 后缀,意为 full of「充满……的;具有……性质的」:Noun + ful = Full of,多为褒义或中性——help helpful 乐于助人的;care careful 仔细的;hope hopeful 充满希望的 -less /l s/ 后缀,意为 without「没有……的;缺乏……的」:Noun + less = Without,多为贬义或消极——hope hopeless 绝望的;care careless 粗心的;sleep sleepless 失眠的 thoughtful / tfl/ adj. 体贴的;深思熟虑的(thought+ful;与 careful「小心的」侧重点不同——thoughtful 侧重对人的体贴周到:Simon was very thoughtful and brought water for me.) tasteful / tasteless / te stfl/ / te stl s/ tasteful 有品味的、雅致的;tasteless 无味的或俗气的——二者虽为反义词,但语义场不完全对应,需按语境选择 (一)复习导入 名词变形容词 【过渡语】前几课我们积累了 help、care、cheer 这些词——今天学一个魔法后缀,把它们统统变成描述朋友的形容词。 Think about your best friend. What is he/she like? 想想你最好的朋友,他/她是什么样的人? We have many words to describe friends. Do you know how to change a noun like "help" or "cheer" into an adjective to describe people better? 我们有很多词形容朋友——你知道怎么把 help、cheer 这样的名词变成形容词吗? 【提示框】 试着猜一猜:help+什么能变成「乐于助人的」?——你的答案就藏在这节课的后缀魔法里。 (二)规则发现 -ful 与 -less We can add the suffix -ful or -less to some nouns to form adjectives. The suffix -ful means "full of". The suffix -less means "without". 我们可以给一些名词加后缀 -ful 或 -less 构成形容词:-ful 意为「充满……的」;-less 意为「没有……的」。 基础三对:care careful(小心的)/careless(粗心的);hope hopeful(充满希望的)/hopeless(绝望的);use useful(有用的)/useless(无用的)。 TIP:Not all words have both -ful and -less as suffixes. endful ( ) endless (√)——不是所有词都同时有两种后缀形式。 【知识点】 反义构词法:-ful = full of(有) -less = without(无)——同一个名词加两个不同后缀,意思相反:careful 小心的 careless 粗心的;这是英语最高产的形容词构词法之一。 -ful 与 -less 构词规则页 (三)Read and think Max 短文 Read and think:My best friend Max is a cheerful person. He always looks on the bright side of things. He is also very helpful. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. I felt helpless. The next day, Max came and gave me some useful advice.(我最好的朋友 Max 是个开朗的人,总是看到事物光明的一面;他也很乐于助人——有一次我因担心排球赛而一夜未眠、感到无助,第二天 Max 来给我提了一些有用的建议。) 两问:What is Max like? cheerful(开朗的)、helpful(乐于助人的)——他总是 look on the bright side of things(看到事物光明的一面),在我感到 helpless(无助)时给我 useful advice(有用的建议)。What part of speech (词性) are the words in bold? 全部是形容词(adjectives)。 【知识点】 短文四词三种后缀来路:cheerful(cheer+ful)、helpful(help+ful)、sleepless(sleep+less)、helpless(help+less)、useful(use+ful)——一段话五个后缀形容词,正负义交替(cheerful/helpful/useful 褒义,sleepless/helpless 消极),后缀即情感色彩。 【提示框】 look on the bright side of things「看到事物光明的一面」是乐观者的标配表达——搭配 cheerful 正合适;helpless 是 help+less,别看成 help+less 两词。 (四)语义公式 后缀表格 这两个后缀是最基础的反义构词法之一,通常加在名词后面构成形容词。表格:-ful——含义「充满……的;具有……性质的」,逻辑公式 Noun + ful = Full of,情感色彩多为褒义或中性,典型例子 help helpful(乐于助人的);-less——含义「没有……的;缺乏……的」,逻辑公式 Noun + less = Without,情感色彩多为贬义或消极,典型例子 hope hopeless(绝望的)。 公式就是推理器:见到生词先拆后缀——fearless=fear+less=without fear=无畏的;colourful=colour+ful=full of colour=色彩丰富的。 (五)特例警示 并非绝对 TIP:虽然大多数情况下 -ful 和 -less 互为反义词(如 careful careless),但并非绝对——有些词只有 -ful 形式(如 beautiful),有些只有 -less 形式(如 endless),还有些词加上 -less 后意思并非简单的「没有」(如 priceless 意为「无价的/极其珍贵的」,而非「没有价格」)。 特例三型:①只有单边——beautiful 有 -ful 无「beautiless」;endless 有 -less 无「endful」;sleep 只有 sleepless(失眠的),没有 sleepful。②语义特殊——priceless=无价的(太珍贵而无从标价),不是「没有价格」的廉价货。③语义场不完全对应——tasteful(有品味的、雅致的)vs tasteless(无味的或俗气的)。 【知识点】 特例三型是逻辑考点:单边词(beautiful/endless/sleepless)、语义反转词(priceless=无价的)、语义场偏移词(tasteful/tasteless)——遇到「都加试试」的题目,先查词典再落笔,宁可画 也不生造 endful。 【提示框】 priceless 是考试最爱:它等于 valuable(贵重的),与 worthless(一文不值的)才是反义词——price+less 不是「不值钱」! (六)表格实战 五词五对 【过渡语】规则和特例都清楚了——翻开词典也可以,完成这张五词表格。 Work in pairs and complete the table below. If you cannot add the suffix -ful or -less to a word, put a cross ( ) in the box. You may use a dictionary. 结对完成表格,不能加后缀的画 。 答案:cheer cheerful(快乐的)/cheerless(阴郁的、凄凉的);help helpful/helpless;meaning meaningful(有意义的)/meaningless(无意义的);sleep /sleepless(失眠的);taste tasteful(有品味的)/tasteless(无味的、俗气的)。 五词五判:三对双全(cheer/help/meaning)、一个单边(sleep 无 sleepful)、一对语义场偏移(tasteful/tasteless)——正好覆盖本课三个特例类型。 【知识点】 表格即特例清单:sleep 行的 不是「不会写」而是「查过词典确认不存在」——构词法练习里画 与写对答案同样是得分点,体现的是词典意识与逻辑判断。 【提示框】 答案速查:cheerful/cheerless|helpful/helpless|meaningful/meaningless|sleep 行 -ful 栏画 ,-less 栏填 sleepless|tasteful/tasteless——sleepless 是「睡不着的、失眠的」,一夜没睡就是 a sleepless night。 五词后缀表格实战页 (七)日记填空 七空语境 Daniel wrote a diary entry about his day out with Simon. Add the correct suffix -ful or -less to the nouns in brackets to complete the text. 丹尼尔写了和 Simon 出游一天的日记,给括号内名词加正确后缀补全短文。 答案:1 It was a wonderful (wonder) day with a cloudless (cloud) blue sky.(美好的一天+无云的蓝天);2 Simon was very thoughtful (thought) and brought water for me.(体贴周到,给我带了水);3 I'm not very good at badminton. In fact, I'm hopeless (hope) at most sports.(大多数运动都不行);4 However, Simon is kind enough to give me many useful (use) tips.(有用的建议);5 We saw people flying kites. There were many colourful (colour) kites in the sky.(五颜六色的风筝);6 a boy's balloon got caught in a tree and Simon took it down for him. He's always helpful (help) like that.(总是这样乐于助人)。 语境判后缀三例:蓝天用 cloudless(无云,好天气);我的运动水平用 hopeless(绝望的,自嘲);Simon 带水用 thoughtful(体贴的,不是 careful 小心的)——上下文逻辑决定褒贬。 【知识点】 七空七个后缀全落实:wonderful(wonder+ful)/cloudless(cloud+less)/thoughtful(thought+ful)/hopeless(hope+less)/useful(use+ful)/colourful(colour+ful)/helpful(help+ful)——褒五贬二,好天气好朋友的日记自然褒义多。 【提示框】 第 3 空易错:形容自己「不擅长大多数运动」是自嘲的负面义,用 hopeless 不用 hopeful——上下文情感色彩(not very good at)决定方向。 Daniel 日记七空填空页 (八)头脑风暴 词库竞赛 Take out a piece of paper and write as many words with the suffix -ful or -less as you can. 拿出一张纸,尽可能多地写出带 -ful 或 -less 后缀的词。 -ful 族参考(17 词):helpful, beautiful, successful, cheerful, wonderful, thankful, thoughtful, colourful, playful, careful, useful, harmful, peaceful, powerful, forgetful, hopeful, skilful。 -less 族参考(16 词):helpless, useless, harmless, careless, endless, fearless, meaningless, restless, thoughtless, tasteless, breathless, sleepless, cloudless, priceless, worthless, tireless。 竞赛规则:两分钟限时,结对互查——写出的词要能拆出名词词根(playful=play+ful)才算数,生造词(endful)不得分。 【知识点】 词库三分法:褒义 -ful(helpful/cheerful/wonderful)|贬义 -less(helpless/careless/worthless)|特殊记忆(priceless 无价的、tireless 不知疲倦的、fearless 无畏的)——三分后再记,词义方向不出错。 【提示框】 拆词根验真假:fearless=fear+less ;harmless=harm+less ;写不出词根的「词」多半是生造——这一步就是词典意识的落地。 -ful 与 -less 头脑风暴词表页 (九)拓展写作 后缀讲朋友故事 Collect more words with the suffix -ful or -less and try to describe an experience you had with a friend using these words. 收集更多后缀词,用它们描述你和朋友的一段经历。 范文:Last month, my friend Lily and I joined in a colourful art competition. Lily was very wonderful because she painted beautiful pictures. At first, I felt hopeless because I kept making careless mistakes. But Lily said, "Don't worry. Mistakes are useless if we don't learn from them!" She taught me to be careful and use powerful colours. Finally, our teamwork was successful! 范文九个后缀词:colourful(多彩的) wonderful(很棒的) beautiful(美丽的) hopeless(绝望的) careless(粗心的) useless(无用的) careful(细心的) powerful(有力的) successful(成功的)——情绪线从 hopeless 到 successful,后缀词的褒贬切换就是故事的情感起伏。 【知识点】 后缀词写作公式:坏事用 -less(hopeless/careless/useless),转机用 -ful(careful/powerful),结尾用成功词(successful)——一段经历里至少三个 -ful、两个 -less,褒贬交替才有故事感。 (十)词汇精讲 辨析与搭配 核心语法回顾:后缀 -ful 表示「充满……的」「具有……性质的」,构成:名词+ful 形容词,示例 care careful; hope hopeful; use useful。后缀 -less 表示「没有……的」「无……的」,通常与 -ful 构成反义关系,构成:名词+less 形容词,示例 care careless; hope hopeless; use useless。 词汇辨析:careful/careless vs thoughtful——thoughtful 侧重「体贴的、深思熟虑的」,与 careful(小心的)侧重点不同;tasteful(有品味的、雅致的)vs tasteless(无味的或俗气的)——二者虽为反义词,但语义场不完全对应。 常见固定搭配(基于课本语境):be careful with 对……小心谨慎/be helpful to 对……有帮助/a wonderful time / experience 美好的时光、经历/endless homework / waiting 做不完的作业、无尽的等待。 语用功能:根据上下文逻辑选择正确后缀——描述朋友照顾周到时应选 thoughtful 而非 hopeful;词性转换意识:在阅读和写作中识别由名词派生的形容词,利用后缀快速推测生词含义(如看到 fearless 能推断出「无畏的」)。 【知识点】 两大辨析必考:thoughtful(体贴的)≠careful(小心的)——Simon 给我带水是 thoughtful 不是 careful;tasteful(雅致的)vs tasteless(俗气的)——评房间装修用 tasteful,评菜没味道用 tasteless。 【提示框】 检测第一题答 helpful 的依据:ready to help(乐于帮忙)=be helpful to others——helpful 的搭配是 to,别与 careful with 混。 (十一)随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测(本课构词法),完成后同桌互批,逐题核对订正。 一、1. A 2. C 二、3. cheerful 4. hopeless 5. useful 6. careless 7. wonderful 一、单项选择 1. — Why is Tom so popular in our class? — Because he is to others and always ready to help. A. helpful B. helpless C. careful D. careless 2. Which of the following words does NOT have both "-ful" and "-less" forms? A. care B. hope C. sleep D. use 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 3. My friend is always (cheer) and makes everyone laugh. 4. It was (hope) to wait for the bus in such heavy rain, so we walked home. 5. Thank you for giving me such (use) advice on learning English. 6. He made a (care) mistake and lost the game. 7. The view from the mountain top was absolutely (wonder). (十二)小结与作业 Summary:-ful = full of (e.g., helpful, cheerful) Positive/Neutral(褒义或中性);-less = without (e.g., helpless, careless) Negative(贬义); ️ Exceptions: sleepless (√) / sleepful ( ); priceless ≠ without price(特例:sleepless 存在而 sleepful 不存在;priceless 是「无价的」);Key Words: careful, useful, thoughtful, meaningful, colourful;Skill: Noun + Suffix = Adjective (Describe friends)(名词+后缀=形容词,用来描述朋友)。 Homework:Review——Read the Unit 1 Reading passage and underline all words with "-ful" or "-less" suffixes. 读 Unit 1 阅读课文,划出所有带 -ful 或 -less 后缀的词。Preview——Preview the next lesson. 预习下一课。 【提示框】 回读课文找后缀词是最佳复习:Betty 篇有 wonderful/helpful,Max 篇有 humorous 系之外还有 careful 家族——数数能划出几个,检验构词法眼力。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元词汇构词课(第四课时):构词规则——We can add the suffix -ful or -less to some nouns to form adjectives. The suffix -ful means "full of"(充满……的,Noun+ful=Full of,多为褒义或中性);The suffix -less means "without"(没有……的,Noun+less=Without,多为贬义或消极)。基础三对:care careful/careless;hope hopeful/hopeless;use useful/useless。TIP:Not all words have both -ful and -less as suffixes. endful( ) endless(√)。Read and think:My best friend Max is a cheerful person. He always looks on the bright side of things. He is also very helpful. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. I felt helpless. The next day, Max came and gave me some useful advice.(黑体词全部是形容词)。特例警示:虽然大多数情况下 -ful 和 -less 互为反义词(如 careful careless),但并非绝对——有些词只有 -ful 形式(如 beautiful),有些只有 -less 形式(如 endless),还有些词加上 -less 后意思并非简单的「没有」(如 priceless 意为「无价的/极其珍贵的」)。表格实战五词:cheer cheerful/cheerless;help helpful/helpless;meaning meaningful/meaningless;sleep /sleepless;taste tasteful/tasteless。Daniel 日记七空:wonderful/cloudless/thoughtful/hopeless/useful/colourful/helpful。头脑风暴词库:-ful 族(helpful, beautiful, successful, cheerful, wonderful, thankful, thoughtful, colourful, playful, careful, useful, harmful, peaceful, powerful, forgetful, hopeful, skilful);-less 族(helpless, useless, harmless, careless, endless, fearless, meaningless, restless, thoughtless, tasteless, breathless, sleepless, cloudless, priceless, worthless, tireless)。拓展写作:用后缀词描述与朋友的一段经历(范文 Lily 艺术比赛:colourful, wonderful, beautiful, hopeless, careless, useless, careful, powerful, successful)。辨析与搭配:be careful with/be helpful to/a wonderful time / experience/endless homework / waiting;careful/careless vs thoughtful 侧重不同。价值观:在友谊语境中体会英语对积极人际品质的表达习惯。随堂检测:选择两题+词形填空五题。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $