Unit 1 Grammar 讲义 2026-2027学年英语译林版八年级上册

Unit 1 Friendship　Grammar 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 1 Friendship — Grammar 课　　型 语法课（第三课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 译林版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则（五条规则变化＋四种不规则变化）及发音变化,在描述朋友外貌、品质和能力的语境中准确使用 comparative adjectives + than 与 the + superlative adjectives 结构 【教学难点】 重读闭音节双写辅音字母加 -er/-est 的规则；以 -ng 结尾单词加 -er/-est 时的发音变化（/ŋ/ 后加 /g/）,灵活运用比较级和最高级结构进行多维度（外貌、能力、品质）的综合表达 词汇速览 pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 漂亮的，俊俏的；adv. 相当，颇（a pretty girl/face 漂亮的女孩/脸蛋；pretty good/well 相当好；look pretty 看起来漂亮） bright /braɪt/ adj. 明亮的；聪明的；鲜艳的（a bright student 聪明的学生；bright sunshine 明媚的阳光；bright colours 鲜艳的颜色） smart /smɑːt/ adj. 聪明的；整洁漂亮的；智能的（a smart answer 巧妙的回答；look smart 看起来精神/帅气；smart phone 智能手机） height /haɪt/ n. 身高；高度；高处（the height of... ……的身高/高度；be of medium height 中等身高；What is your height? = How tall are you?） weight /weɪt/ n. 体重；重量；重担 v. 使负重（lose/gain/put on weight 减肥/增重；the weight of... ……的体重/重量；What is your weight? = How heavy are you?） （一）复习导入 · 四问暖场 【过渡语】Betty 和 Max 我们认识了——今天用新语法把他们「比」个高低。 四问暖场：Who is your best friend in our class? Can you say one word to describe him/her? Why do you think he/she is your best friend? What does he/she often do for you? 学生答出品质词后教师板书，为比较级表述做词汇铺垫——马上要用这些词来「比」。 【提示框】 描述同学用一个品质词即可（kind/tall/funny），下一环节我们把它升级成比较级和最高级。 （二）课文句归纳 · 比较级与最高级 Read the sentences below and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. 读课文四句观察比较级与最高级的用法：Betty's hair is longer than mine.（贝蒂的头发比我的长）；Max is more interesting than his classmates.（Max 比他的同学们更有趣）；Betty is the most helpful person in our class.（Betty 是我们班里最乐于助人的人）；Max is the tallest boy in our class.（Max 是班里最高的男孩）。 归纳用法：We use "comparative adjectives + than" to compare two people or things（比较级+than 用于比较两者）; we use "the + superlative adjectives" to compare three or more people or things（the+最高级用于比较三者及以上）。Max is the tallest boy in our class.（Superlative adjectives 最高级）与 Betty's hair is longer than mine.（Comparative adjectives 比较级）两两对照。 【知识点】 ▶一句话分清：有 than 用比较级（两者比），有 the 用最高级（三者及以上比，常配 in our class / of the six students 范围短语）——than 与 the 是两种比较的「身份标识」。 课文四句归纳比较级最高级页 （三）双音节 Tip · 两种变化 Tip: We can add -(e)r/-(e)st or more/most to the following adjectives with two syllables. 部分双音节形容词有两种比较级和最高级变化方式：clever—cleverer/more clever—cleverest/most clever；handsome—handsomer/more handsome—handsomest/most handsome；polite—politer/more polite—politest/most polite；simple—simpler/more simple—simplest/most simple；stupid—stupider/more stupid—stupidest/most stupid。 另一种双重形式：far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。 【知识点】 ▶双音节「两派通吃」：clever、handsome、polite、simple、stupid 五词加不加 more 都对——口语里 more polite 更常用，书面两种都收；far 的 farther/further 细分：farther 多指实际距离，further 多指抽象程度（further study 进一步学习）。 【提示框】 考试遇双音节词两种形式都算对——但一张卷子、一篇文章里要前后统一，别一句 more polite 一句 politer 来回切换。 （四）表格练 · 十六对变形 Complete the table with the correct comparative and superlative adjectives. 十六对全练：funny—funnier—funniest；close—closer—closest；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful；kind—kinder—kindest；slim—slimmer—slimmest；difficult—more difficult—most difficult；smart—smarter—smartest；cute—cuter—cutest；pretty—prettier—prettiest；bright—brighter—brightest；interesting—more interesting—most interesting；sad—sadder—saddest；wonderful—more wonderful—most wonderful；heavy—heavier—heaviest；good/well—better—best；bad/ill—worse—worst。 十六对覆盖五条规则＋两条不规则——slim 双写 m、cute 去 e 加 r、pretty 去 y 变 ier、funny 双写 n、sad 双写 d、heavy 去 y 变 ier，全部是本课易错点。 【知识点】 ▶十六对按规则归类记：单音节常规（close/kind/smart/bright）→双写类（slim/funny/sad/big/thin）→去 e 类（cute）→变 y 类（pretty/heavy）→多音节 more/most 类（beautiful/difficult/interesting/wonderful）→不规则（good/bad）——每对都知道自己走哪条规则才算过关。 【提示框】 双写三查：重读闭音节＋末尾辅音字母＋前面单元音——slim（sl-i-m）✓、slimmest ✓；funny 是「辅音+y」走变 y 路线不加倍，funnier 别写成 funnier 之外的 funnierest。 （五）Daniel 笔记 · 九空实战 【过渡语】规则记住了，来读 Daniel 给六位同学做的笔记——数字背后全是比较级和最高级。 Daniel has made some notes about his classmates. Complete his notes below. Looks 部分：1 Peter is ______________ (short) Simon. → shorter than；2 Simon is _____________ (tall) of the six students. → the tallest；3 Amy is ____________ (light) Sandy. → lighter than；4 Simon is _______________ (heavy) of the six students. → the heaviest。 Abilities 部分：5 Peter's drawing grade is ______________ (low) Millie's. → lower than；6 Sandy's drawing grade is ____________ (high) of the six students. → the highest；7 Among the six students, Millie is ________________ (slow) swimmer. → the slowest；8 Amy is ___________ (fast) swimmer of the six students. → the fastest；9 Simon's test score for the standing long jump is __________ (good) Peter's. → better than；Simon's test score for the standing long jump is _____________ (good) of the six students. → the best。 【知识点】 ▶九空判型三看：句中有 than→比较级+than；句中有 of the six students / Among...→the+最高级；比较对象用所有格（Millie's＝Millie's grade/score）——「范围短语定最高级，than 定比较级」。 【提示框】 第 9 题一句两空对照：与 Peter 比用 better than，六人比用 the best——同一原级 good，范围不同形式不同，这就是「范围定形式」的活教材。 Daniel 同学笔记九空页 （六）口头输出 · 描述我的朋友 Describe your friends, including their looks and what they are good at, using comparative and superlative adjectives. 用比较级和最高级描述朋友的外貌和擅长之处。 范文：My best friend is taller but lighter. Her hair is longer than mine. She has the brightest smile I have ever seen. She is more careful, and she makes fewer mistakes in her homework and exams than I do. She is the most creative thinker in my class. She always thinks of the most wonderful ideas. She is also the fastest runner in my class. She is good at drawing too. Her drawing score is higher than mine. 范文拆解：比较级四连（taller but lighter／longer than mine／more careful／fewer mistakes... than I do／higher than mine）＋最高级四连（the brightest smile／the most creative thinker／the most wonderful ideas／the fastest runner）——两种比较交替使用，外貌、能力、品质三维全覆盖。 【知识点】 ▶口头输出公式：外貌（taller／longer hair）＋能力（the fastest runner／makes fewer mistakes）＋品质（the most creative／more careful）——比一比才见真情，比的内容就是朋友的独特坐标。 朋友描述口头输出范文页 （七）规则精讲 · 五条构成法 How to form comparative and superlative adjectives? 构成方法五条：①大多数词后加 er 或 est——long/cheap→longer/cheaper→longest/cheapest；②以字母 e 结尾的词后加 r 或 st——nice/late→nicer/later→nicest/latest；③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 er 或 est——big/thin→bigger/thinner→biggest/thinnest；④以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，去掉 y，再加 ier 或 iest——pretty/heavy→prettier/heavier→prettiest/heaviest；⑤部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加 more 或 most——careful/dangerous/interested→more careful/more dangerous/more interested→most careful/most dangerous/most interested。 五条规则各有代表词，随堂检测的词形填空全部从这五条出——slim 走③、pretty 走④、interesting 走⑤。 【知识点】 ▶五条构成法口诀：一般加 er/est；e 结尾只加 r/st；重读闭音节双写再加；辅音+y 去 y 变 ier/iest；多音节前加 more/most——先数音节再对号入座，单音节走前四条，多音节走第五条。 【提示框】 重读闭音节双写三查（重读、闭音节、单个辅音收尾）缺一不可：open 虽是「辅音+元音+辅音」但重音在前不双写→opener；clean 词尾两个元音组合不双写→cleaner。 比较级最高级构成规则表页 （八）发音注意与不规则变化 发音注意：构成形容词比较级和最高级的 er 和 est 自成一个音节，读作 /ə(r)/ 和 /ɪst/。如果原级词末为不发音的字母 r，加 er 和 est 时，r 要发 /r/ 音——clear /klɪə(r)/→clearer /ˈklɪərə(r)/→clearest /ˈklɪərɪst/。如果原级词末的发音为 /ŋ/，加 er 和 est 时，/ŋ/ 音后得加上 /g/ 音——long /lɒŋ/→longer /ˈlɒŋɡə(r)/→longest /ˈlɒŋɡɪst/。 不规则变化四组：good/well→better→best；ill/bad→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；little→less→least。补充双重形式：clever—cleverer/more clever—cleverest/most clever；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。 【知识点】 ▶/ŋ/ 加 /g/ 是本课发音难点：long→longer 读 /ˈlɒŋɡə(r)/ 不是 /ˈlɒŋə(r)/——鼻音后补塞音，唱歌别吞音；▶不规则四组「good-bad-many-little」两两成对：better/worse、more/less、best/worst、most/least——few→fewer→fewest 是规则变化，别与 little 的 less/least 混。 （九）词汇精讲 · 五词联动 学习 pretty（adj. 漂亮的，俊俏的；adv. 相当，颇）：a pretty girl/face 漂亮的女孩/脸蛋／pretty good/well 相当好／look pretty 看起来漂亮——Lucy is prettier than her sister, but Lily is the prettiest in our class. 露西比她姐姐漂亮，但莉莉是我们班最漂亮的。 学习 bright（adj. 明亮的；聪明的；鲜艳的）：a bright student 聪明的学生／bright sunshine 明媚的阳光／bright colours 鲜艳的颜色——Tom is brighter than Jack at maths; he is the brightest boy in Grade 8. 汤姆数学比杰克聪明；他是八年级最聪明的男孩。 学习 smart（adj. 聪明的；整洁漂亮的；智能的）：a smart answer 巧妙的回答／look smart 看起来精神/帅气／smart phone 智能手机——My best friend is smarter than me, and she always gives the smartest advice. 我最好的朋友比我聪明，她总能给出最明智的建议。 学习 height（n. 身高；高度；高处）：the height of... ……的身高/高度／be of medium height 中等身高／What is your height? = How tall are you? 你多高？——The height of the new classmate is 1.75 m; he is taller than most boys. 新同学身高 1.75 米；他比大多数男生都高。 学习 weight（n. 体重；重量；重担 v. 使负重）：lose/gain/put on weight 减肥/增重／the weight of... ……的体重/重量／What is your weight? = How heavy are you? 你多重？——Her weight is 45 kg, which is lighter than mine; she is the slimmest in our group. 她体重 45 公斤，比我轻；她是我们组最苗条的。 【知识点】 ▶五词两两配对：height（身高）↔tall（What is your height? = How tall are you?）；weight（体重）↔heavy（What is your weight? = How heavy are you?）——名词与形容词一换就成比较句；bright/smart 都有「聪明」义，bright 侧天资、smart 侧机敏与整洁。 【提示框】 pretty 双词性必考：a pretty girl（形容词·漂亮的）vs pretty good（副词·相当）——is/looks 后是形容词，good/well 前是副词；检测词形题 thinner/thinner 双写、most interesting 多音节都从五条规则出。 （十）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课语法与词汇），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. D　2. A　二、3. thinner　4. most interesting　5. faster　6. worse　7. fewest 一、单项选择 1. — Who is ______ student in your class? — I think Li Hua is. He always helps others. A. helpful　B. more helpful　C. most helpful　D. the most helpful 2. My brother's handwriting is ______ mine, but my sister's is ______ of the three. A. better than; the best　B. good than; best　C. better as; the better　D. well than; the good 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 3. She is __________ (thin) than her sister. 4. This book is the __________ (interesting) of the three. 5. Tom runs __________ (fast) than Jack. 6. Today's weather is __________ (bad) than yesterday's. 7. He made the __________ (few) mistakes in class. （十一）小结与作业 Summary：Grammar——Compare people's looks (外貌), abilities (能力) and qualities (品质)（用比较级和最高级比较人们的外貌、能力和品质）。Friendship——True friendship is not about who is the most beautiful or the strongest. Inner qualities (内在品质) like being helpful, kind and honest are more important than looks.（真正的友谊不在于谁最漂亮或最强壮，像乐于助人、善良和诚实这样的内在品质比外表更重要。） Homework：Review——Review the rules of forming comparative and superlative adjectives, including regular and irregular forms. 复习比较级和最高级的构成规则，包括规则变化与不规则变化。Preview——Preview the next lesson. 预习下一课。 【提示框】 价值观句也是语法句：the most beautiful（最高级）与 more important than（比较级）同框出现——「内在品质比外表更重要」这句话本身就是本课语法的最佳例句。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元语法课（第三课时）：从课文四句归纳用法——Betty's hair is longer than mine. / Max is more interesting than his classmates.（comparative adjectives + than 比较两者）；Betty is the most helpful person in our class. / Max is the tallest boy in our class.（the + superlative adjectives 比较三者及以上）。Tip：部分双音节词有两种变化方式——clever/handsome/polite/simple/stupid 可加 -(e)r/-(e)st 或 more/most；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。五条构成法：①大多数词加 er/est（long/cheap→longer/cheaper→longest/cheapest）；②以 e 结尾加 r/st（nice/late→nicer/later→nicest/latest）；③重读闭音节双写辅音再加（big/thin→bigger/thinner→biggest/thinnest）；④辅音字母+y 结尾去 y 加 ier/iest（pretty/heavy→prettier/heavier→prettiest/heaviest）；⑤部分双音节词和多音节词前加 more/most（careful/dangerous/interested→more careful...→most careful...）。发音注意：er/est 自成音节读 /ə(r)/ 和 /ɪst/；原级词末不发音的 r 加后要发 /r/（clear /klɪə(r)/→clearer /ˈklɪərə(r)/→clearest /ˈklɪərɪst/）；原级词末发音 /ŋ/ 加后 /ŋ/ 后得加 /g/（long /lɒŋ/→longer /ˈlɒŋɡə(r)/→longest /ˈlɒŋɡɪst/）。不规则变化四组：good/well→better→best；ill/bad→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；little→less→least。练习：表格十六对比较级最高级填空（funnier/funniest, closer/closest, more beautiful/most beautiful, kinder/kindest, slimmer/slimmest, more difficult/most difficult, smarter/smartest, cuter/cutest, prettier/prettiest, brighter/brightest, more interesting/most interesting, sadder/saddest, more wonderful/most wonderful, heavier/heaviest, better/best, worse/worst）；Daniel 的同学笔记九空（Looks：shorter than/the tallest/lighter than/the heaviest；Abilities：lower than/the highest/the slowest/the fastest/better than/the best）；口头描述朋友（用比较级和最高级描述朋友的外貌与擅长之处，范文 My best friend is taller but lighter...）。词汇聚焦 pretty, bright, smart, height, weight 五词。价值观落点：True friendship is not about who is the most beautiful or the strongest. Inner qualities like being helpful, kind and honest are more important than looks. 随堂检测：选择两题＋词形填空五题。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $