Unit 7 The natural world Grammar课文要点讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语Unit 7语法要点，系统梳理双宾语结构（S+V+O间+O直及to/for转换）、宾语补足语结构（S+V+O+C）、状语使用，以及连词and/but/or/so的用法，形成从基础结构到成分补充再到逻辑连接的递进学习支架。 该资料以自然主题为载体，例句贴近单元语境提升语言能力，多样练习（如判断句子结构、改写双宾语）培养思维品质，配套答案方便课后自查助力学习能力发展，课中辅助语法教学，课后帮助学生巩固知识、弥补盲点。

Unit 7 The natural world Grammar 【语法要点】 A Verbs and sentence structures (II) 1. 双宾语结构（S + V + O间接 + O直接） 有些动词可以接两个宾语：间接宾语（Indirect Object） 和 直接宾语（Direct Object）。间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 例句： - The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. 太阳给予海洋动物光和热。 - S (The sun) + V (gives) + O间 (ocean animals) + O直 (light and heat) 常见可接双宾语的动词： - give, show, send, bring, offer, pass, tell, teach, buy, make, cook, etc. 2. 双宾语位置调换（用 to 或 for） 我们可以通过使用 to 或 for 来调换直接宾语和间接宾语的顺序。 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 直接宾语 + to/for + 间接宾语 用 to 的动词（动作指向）： give, show, send, bring, offer, pass, tell, teach, lend, throw, etc. - The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals. 太阳把光和热给予海洋动物。 用 for 的动词（动作为了某人）： buy, make, cook, build, choose, find, get, prepare, etc. - We should build a better home for local wildlife. 我们应该为当地野生动物建一个更好的家园。 3. 宾语补足语结构（S + V + O + C） 宾语补足语（Object Complement）跟在直接宾语后面，对宾语进行补充说明，描述宾语的状态、身份或特征。 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 直接宾语 + 宾语补足语 例句： - The mother bird keeps the eggs safe. 鸟妈妈确保鸟蛋安全。 - S (The mother bird) + V (keeps) + O (the eggs) + C (safe) - They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth. 他们称海洋为地球的“心脏”。 - S (They) + V (call) + O (the ocean) + C (the “heart” of the earth) - We made the forest the topic of this class. 我们把森林作为这节课的主题。 - S (We) + V (made) + O (the forest) + C (the topic of this class) 常见可接宾语补足语的动词： - keep, call, make, find, name, choose, consider, etc. 4. 状语（Adverbial）的使用 我们可以在上述结构中添加状语（Adverbial），用来说明动作发生的时间、地点或方式。 - The ocean provides a home for animals all year round. 海洋全年为动物提供家园。（时间状语） - S (The ocean) + V (provides) + O直 (a home) + O间 (for animals) + Adverbial (all year round) - The sun shines brightly in the sky. 太阳在天空中明亮地照耀。（地点状语） - S (The sun) + V (shines) + Adverbial (brightly, in the sky) B Using and, but, or and so 连词用来连接单词、短语或句子。 1. and —— 表示“和、而且” 连接相似或相关的内容。连接三个及以上时，只在最后一个前面加 and。 - Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain. 雨林很热，而且雨水很多。 - The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand. 沙漠炎热、干燥，并且覆盖着沙子。 - Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun. 海洋为许多动物提供食物，产生氧气，并储存来自太阳的热量。 2. but —— 表示“但是、然而” 连接前后内容不同或存在转折关系。 - This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food. 这种鱼在这里能找到足够的空间，但几乎找不到食物。 - Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot. 沙漠很干燥，但并非总是炎热的。 3. or —— 表示“或者” 在肯定句中，表示另一种可能性。 - Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland. 鸟类可以生活在森林里或湿地里。 - Wetlands can have salt water or fresh water. 湿地可以有咸水或淡水。 在否定句中，用 or 连接两个或多个并列成分（= 也不……，也不是……）。 - The deep ocean isn‘t warm, bright or noisy. 深海不温暖，不明亮，也不嘈杂。 - Some rainforest animals don’t like wind or rain. 一些雨林动物不喜欢风，也不喜欢雨。 4. so —— 表示“所以、因此” 表示结果或因果关系。 - Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves. 沙漠很干燥，所以一些植物把水储存在叶子里。 - Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees. 草原可能很热，所以动物们坐在树荫下。 【高频短语汇总】中英互译 1. indirect object __________ 2. __________ 间接宾语 3. direct object __________ 4. __________ 直接宾语 5. object complement __________ 6. __________ 宾语补足语 7. provide a home for animals __________ 8. __________ 为动物提供家园 9. all year round __________ 10. __________ 全年，终年 11. feed on __________ 12. __________ 以……为食 13. keep them healthy __________ 14. __________ 保持它们健康 15. provide... with... __________ 16. __________ 提供……给…… 17. in negative sentences __________ 18. __________ 在否定句中 19. express the result __________ 20. __________ 表达结果 【综合练习】 一、判断下列各句的结构，将正确答案填在括号内 A. S + V + O(间) + O(直) B. S + V + O + C ( ) 1. The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. ( ) 2. The mother bird keeps the eggs safe. ( ) 3. They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth. ( ) 4. We should build a better home for local wildlife. ( ) 5. The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals. ( ) 6. We made the forest the topic of this class. ( ) 7. The desert plants give animals water. ( ) 8. The water can keep them healthy. 二、用 to 或 for 改写下列句子 1. The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. → The sun gives light and heat ____________ ocean animals. 2. We should build a better home for local wildlife. (将 for local wildlife 改为间接宾语在前) → We should build local wildlife a ____________ home. 3. The desert plants give animals water. → The desert plants give water ____________ animals. 4. My mother bought me a new coat. → My mother bought a new coat ____________ me. 5. The teacher told us an interesting story. → The teacher told an interesting story ____________ us. 三、用 and, but, or, so 填空 1. Rainforests are hot, ____________ they get a lot of rain. 2. The desert is hot, dry ____________ covered by sand. 3. Birds can live in the forest ____________ in the wetland. 4. The deep ocean isn‘t warm, bright ____________ noisy. 5. Deserts are dry, ____________ some plants keep water in their leaves. 6. This kind of fish can find enough space here, ____________ they can find little food. 7. Grasslands can be hot, ____________ animals sit under the shade of trees. 8. Some rainforest animals don’t like wind ____________ rain. 9. Wetlands can have salt water, ____________ they can have fresh water. 10. There are forests in Asia, ____________ there are forests in Europe. 四、按要求完成句子 1. 太阳给予海洋动物光和热。 The sun ____________ ocean animals light and heat. 2. 鸟妈妈确保鸟蛋安全。 The mother bird ____________ the eggs safe. 3. 他们称海洋为地球的“心脏”。 They ____________ the ocean the “heart” of the earth. 4. 我们应当为当地野生动物建一个更好的家园。 We ____________ build a better home for local wildlife. 5. 这些植物在叶子里储存水分。 These plants ____________ water in their leaves. 6. 一些动物以树叶为食。 Some animals ____________ on the leaves. 7. 水可以保持它们健康。 The water can ____________ them healthy. 8. 沙漠是干燥的，所以一些植物在叶子里储存水分。 Deserts are dry, ____________ some plants keep water in their leaves. 五、单项选择 ( ) 1. The sun gives ocean animals light ________ heat. A. or B. but C. and D. so ( ) 2. The mother bird keeps the eggs ________. A. safe B. safely C. safety D. safeness ( ) 3. We should build a better home ________ local wildlife. A. to B. for C. with D. of ( ) 4. They call the ocean the “________” of the earth. A. lung B. kidney C. heart D. brain ( ) 5. The deep ocean isn‘t warm, bright ________ noisy. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( ) 6. Deserts are dry, ________ some plants keep water in their leaves. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( ) 7. Birds can live in the forest ________ in the wetland. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( ) 8. Some rainforest animals don’t like wind ________ rain. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 9. The desert plants give animals ________. A. water B. waters C. watering D. watered ( ) 10. We made the forest the ________ of this class. A. topic B. topics C. topical D. topically 六、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The sun ____________ (give) ocean animals light and heat. 2. The mother bird ____________ (keep) the eggs safe. 3. They ____________ (call) the ocean the “heart” of the earth. 4. We should ____________ (build) a better home for wildlife. 5. Some animals ____________ (feed) on the leaves. 6. The water can ____________ (keep) them healthy. 7. Rainforests ____________ (be) hot, and they get a lot of rain. 8. Deserts ____________ (be) dry, so some plants store water. 【答案】 一、 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 二、 1. to 2. better 3. to 4. for 5. to 三、 1. and 2. and 3. or 4. or 5. so 6. but 7. so 8. or 9. or 10. and 四、 1. gives 2. keeps 3. call 4. should 5. store 6. feed 7. keep 8. so 五、 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 六、 1. gives 2. keeps 3. call 4. build 5. feed 6. keep 7. are 8. are 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $