Unit 4 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures 导学案 1. 学习理解：能准确识别限制性定语从句，分清先行词、关系代词两大核心要素，理解定语从句“……的”后置修饰名词/代词的功能。 2. 应用实践：熟练区分 that / which / who / whom / whose / as 的用法，能根据先行词是人/物、从句所作成分正确选用关系代词；能在句子中划出定语从句、完成填空练习，并用限制性定语从句仿写句子。 3. 迁移创新：能够在描述自然灾害、救援场景的语境中，用定语从句丰富表达，完善句子信息；课后自主绘制定语从句思维导图，内化知识点。 重点：1. 定语从句基础结构：主句 + 先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句； 2. 五大核心关系代词用法： ◦ that：既可指人也可指物，从句作主语/宾语，作宾语可省略； ◦ which：只指物，从句作主语/宾语/介词宾语； ◦ who/whom：只指人，who作主格，whom作宾格，介词后只能用whom； ◦ whose：表所属“……的”，可替换为of which / of whom the + 名词； 3. 必须只用that、不用which的特殊情况。 难点：1. 根据先行词属性+从句内部充当的句子成分，精准挑选关系代词； 2. “介词 + 关系代词”结构（介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that/who）； 3. the same...as / so...as 中as引导限制性定语从句的用法。 一、单词英汉互译 1. erupt vi.&vt. ____________ 2. supply n./vt. ____________ 3. survive vi./vt. ____________ 4. tap n./vi.&vt. ____________ 5. whistle vi./n. ____________ 6. emergency n. ____________ 7. calm adj./vt. ____________ 8. aid n./vi.&vt. ____________ 二、划出句中前置/后置定语 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside. 2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 3. The woman in the room is my mother. 4. He is a famous writer who comes from a small town. 知识点1：定语从句基础概念 1. 定语：修饰名词/代词，翻译为“……的”；单词作定语放名词前，短语/句子作定语放名词后。 2. 定语从句：在主从复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 ◦ 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词； ◦ 关系词（本课时重点：关系代词）：连接主句和定语从句，同时在从句中充当句子成分，指代先行词。 例句拆分：The girl who was in red broke the glass. 拆分两个简单句：① The girl was in red.② The girl broke the glass. 知识点2：核心关系代词分用法精讲 （1）关系代词 that ✅ 指代：人 / 物✅ 从句成分：主语、宾语；作宾语时可以省略 例句： ① A plane is a machine that can fly.（指物，作主语） ② The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.（指物，作宾语） ③ Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.（指人，作主语） （2）关系代词 which ✅ 指代：只指物 ✅ 从句成分：主语、宾语、介词宾语；作宾语可省略 ✅ 特殊：介词提前时，介词后面只能用which，不能用that 例句： ① They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.（主语） ② This is the house which we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year.（介词宾语） （3）关系代词 who / whom ✅ who：只指人，在从句中作主语，也可口语中作宾语 ✅ whom：只指人，在从句中只作宾语；介词后面必须用whom，不能用who/that 例句： ① The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语） ② Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.（介词+宾格） （4）关系代词 whose（表所属，……的） ✅ 指代：人 的 或 物 的，在从句中作定语 ✅ 互换结构：whose + 名词 = of whom the + 名词 / of which the + 名词 例句： ① Jerry is a mouse whose dream is to become a pilot.= Jerry is a mouse of whom the dream is to become a pilot. ② This is the book whose cover is blue.= This is the book of which the cover is blue. （5）as 引导限制性定语从句 常用固定搭配：the same...as / so/as...as，指代人或物，从句作主/宾/表语，不可省略 例句：I have the same bike as you have. 知识点3：只能用that、不能用which的5种必考情况 1. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词； 2. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等词修饰； 3. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰； 4. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰； 5. 先行词既有人、又有物。 核心结构 先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句 关系代词清单 that：人/物，主/宾 which：物，主/宾/介词宾 who/whom：人，who主，whom宾（介词后必用whom） whose：……的，定语，可换of which/of whom as：the same/so…as 结构 特殊规则 5种只用that不用which的场景 一、用 that / which / who / whose / whom 或 /（省略）填空 1. The earthquake ____ hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys. 2. The firefighters to ____ the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. 3. Tens of thousands ____ had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. 4. The team brings help and hope to those ____ lives are changed by storm, flood, earthquake or any other natural disaster. 5. The list of people to ____ help has been given is long. 二、根据句意及汉语提示写单词 1. We had a heated ______ (辩论) on whether students should be allowed to use smartphones at school. 2. It is not unusual for ______ (青少年) of your generation to be attracted to computer games and online world. 3. Most of the gallery’s ______ (内容) were damaged in the fire. 4. The ______ (志愿者) were working outside the stadium despite the heavy snow. 5. The ______ (建筑师) designed many buildings for the new town. 6. People need ______ (镇定的) minds during earthquakes. 7. The ______ (水龙头) was broken and water ran everywhere. 8. Many people managed to ______ (幸存) the big earthquake. 9. The ______ (口哨) warned people of the coming danger. 10. Food ______ (供给) were sent to the disaster area at once. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： ______________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Natural disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures 导学案 1. 学习理解：能准确识别限制性定语从句，分清先行词、关系代词两大核心要素，理解定语从句“……的”后置修饰名词/代词的功能。 2. 应用实践：熟练区分 that / which / who / whom / whose / as 的用法，能根据先行词是人/物、从句所作成分正确选用关系代词；能在句子中划出定语从句、完成填空练习，并用限制性定语从句仿写句子。 3. 迁移创新：能够在描述自然灾害、救援场景的语境中，用定语从句丰富表达，完善句子信息；课后自主绘制定语从句思维导图，内化知识点。 重点：1. 定语从句基础结构：主句 + 先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句； 2. 五大核心关系代词用法： ◦ that：既可指人也可指物，从句作主语/宾语，作宾语可省略； ◦ which：只指物，从句作主语/宾语/介词宾语； ◦ who/whom：只指人，who作主格，whom作宾格，介词后只能用whom； ◦ whose：表所属“……的”，可替换为of which / of whom the + 名词； 3. 必须只用that、不用which的特殊情况。 难点：1. 根据先行词属性+从句内部充当的句子成分，精准挑选关系代词； 2. “介词 + 关系代词”结构（介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that/who）； 3. the same...as / so...as 中as引导限制性定语从句的用法。 一、单词英汉互译 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. erupt vi.&vt. ____________ 2. supply n./vt. ____________ 3. survive vi./vt. ____________ 4. tap n./vi.&vt. ____________ 5. whistle vi./n. ____________ 6. emergency n. ____________ 7. calm adj./vt. ____________ 8. aid n./vi.&vt. ____________ 【答案】 1. 爆发；喷出 2. 供应；供给物资 3. 生存；幸存 4. 水龙头；轻敲 5. 吹口哨；哨子 6. 突发事件；紧急情况 7. 镇静的；使平静 8. 援助；救援物资；帮助 二、划出句中前置/后置定语 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside. 2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 3. The woman in the room is my mother. 4. He is a famous writer who comes from a small town. 【答案】 1. Strange 2. smelly 3. in the room 4. famous;who comes from a small town 知识点1：定语从句基础概念 1. 定语：修饰名词/代词，翻译为“……的”；单词作定语放名词前，短语/句子作定语放名词后。 2. 定语从句：在主从复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 ◦ 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词； ◦ 关系词（本课时重点：关系代词）：连接主句和定语从句，同时在从句中充当句子成分，指代先行词。 例句拆分：The girl who was in red broke the glass. 拆分两个简单句：① The girl was in red.② The girl broke the glass. 知识点2：核心关系代词分用法精讲 （1）关系代词 that ✅ 指代：人 / 物✅ 从句成分：主语、宾语；作宾语时可以省略 例句： ① A plane is a machine that can fly.（指物，作主语） ② The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.（指物，作宾语） ③ Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.（指人，作主语） （2）关系代词 which ✅ 指代：只指物 ✅ 从句成分：主语、宾语、介词宾语；作宾语可省略 ✅ 特殊：介词提前时，介词后面只能用which，不能用that 例句： ① They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.（主语） ② This is the house which we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year.（介词宾语） （3）关系代词 who / whom ✅ who：只指人，在从句中作主语，也可口语中作宾语 ✅ whom：只指人，在从句中只作宾语；介词后面必须用whom，不能用who/that 例句： ① The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语） ② Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.（介词+宾格） （4）关系代词 whose（表所属，……的） ✅ 指代：人 的 或 物 的，在从句中作定语 ✅ 互换结构：whose + 名词 = of whom the + 名词 / of which the + 名词 例句： ① Jerry is a mouse whose dream is to become a pilot.= Jerry is a mouse of whom the dream is to become a pilot. ② This is the book whose cover is blue.= This is the book of which the cover is blue. （5）as 引导限制性定语从句 常用固定搭配：the same...as / so/as...as，指代人或物，从句作主/宾/表语，不可省略 例句：I have the same bike as you have. 知识点3：只能用that、不能用which的5种必考情况 1. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词； 2. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等词修饰； 3. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰； 4. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰； 5. 先行词既有人、又有物。 核心结构 先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句 关系代词清单 that：人/物，主/宾 which：物，主/宾/介词宾 who/whom：人，who主，whom宾（介词后必用whom） whose：……的，定语，可换of which/of whom as：the same/so…as 结构 特殊规则 5种只用that不用which的场景 一、用 that / which / who / whose / whom 或 /（省略）填空 1. The earthquake ____ hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys. 2. The firefighters to ____ the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. 3. Tens of thousands ____ had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. 4. The team brings help and hope to those ____ lives are changed by storm, flood, earthquake or any other natural disaster. 5. The list of people to ____ help has been given is long. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. whom 3. who/that 4. whose 5. whom 二、根据句意及汉语提示写单词 1. We had a heated ______ (辩论) on whether students should be allowed to use smartphones at school. 2. It is not unusual for ______ (青少年) of your generation to be attracted to computer games and online world. 3. Most of the gallery’s ______ (内容) were damaged in the fire. 4. The ______ (志愿者) were working outside the stadium despite the heavy snow. 5. The ______ (建筑师) designed many buildings for the new town. 6. People need ______ (镇定的) minds during earthquakes. 7. The ______ (水龙头) was broken and water ran everywhere. 8. Many people managed to ______ (幸存) the big earthquake. 9. The ______ (口哨) warned people of the coming danger. 10. Food ______ (供给) were sent to the disaster area at once. 【答案】 1. debate 2. teenagers 3. contents 4. volunteers 5. architect 6. calm 7. tap 8. survive 9. whistle 10. supplies 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： ______________________________________________________________________ $