内容正文:
八年级2026—2027学年外研新版英语(上册)
Unit 2 Getting along 项目式学习分层作业
一、作品基础信息
信息项
内 容
学科
英语
学段·年级
初中八年级(八年级上册)
教材版本
外研版《英语》(2024年版·新标准)八年级上册
单元名称
Unit 2 Getting along(和睦相处)
主题范畴
人与社会——人际关系与社会交往
核心语篇
Reading:The Selfish Giant(《自私的巨人》,改编自奥斯卡·王尔德);Reading for writing:Six chi away, but closer together(《六尺巷》)
核心语法
现在完成时(二)——for 与 since 的用法
作业类型
项目式学习分层作业
项目主题
Making a "Getting Along" Guide(制作《和睦相处指南》)
分层设计
A层·基础巩固(必做)/B层·能力提升(选做)/C层·拓展挑战(挑战)
适用对象
八年级学生(全体),可按学力分层选用
建议用时
A层约30分钟;B层约20分钟;C层约30分钟(可课内外结合、分两次完成)
作业总量
共3层、12题(含1个项目任务、1篇书面表达)
设计依据
《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》
设计者
审阅: 设计时间:2026年10月
二、设计背景与意图
(一)课标依据
《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》将英语课程内容组织为“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题范畴,指向语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力四项核心素养,倡导“学思结合、用创为本”的英语学习活动观,鼓励开展项目式、探究式学习。本作业以新课标为依据,落实“减负提质”的要求,把分层设计与项目任务结合起来,引导学生在真实情境中运用语言、解决问题。
(二)教材分析
Unit 2 的主题为“Getting along”,属于“人与社会”主题范畴,聚焦“人际关系与社会交往”子主题。单元以两条线索展开:一条是阅读语篇 The Selfish Giant(《自私的巨人》),讲述巨人从自私到学会分享的转变,传递“共享快乐才是真正的快乐”的道理;另一条是读写语篇 Six chi away, but closer together(《六尺巷》),讲述张、吴两家礼让三尺、成就六尺巷的故事,诠释“善良唤醒善良”的中华传统美德。语法板块聚焦现在完成时(二)——for 与 since 的用法。教材通过“读—思—说—写—做”的活动链,为学生搭建从语言输入到综合输出的支架。
(三)学情分析
八年级学生已初步掌握现在完成时的基本结构,能在具体语境中描述经历,但对 for 与 since 的区别、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换仍有困难。就话题而言,学生对“与人相处”有真实体验、有话可说,但还缺少用英语有条理地表达观点、提出建议的能力。因此,本作业在语言知识上做减法,在语言运用上做加法,用分层设计照顾不同学力学生的学习需求。
(四)设计意图与思路
1. 以“项目”统领。以“Making a ‘Getting Along’ Guide(制作《和睦相处指南》)”为核心项目,把词汇、语法、听说读写任务串联成完整的任务链,让作业从“做题”走向“做事”。
2. 以“分层”适配。A层基础巩固,面向全体学生的基础知识与基本技能;B层能力提升,指向语篇理解与语言运用;C层拓展挑战,指向综合实践与创新迁移。三层作业呈“知识—能力—素养”的阶梯递进,学生可按需选做、逐层挑战。
3. 以“情境”激活。题目尽量放在真实、有意义的情境中(如朋友争吵、邻里礼让、班级调查),避免孤立、机械的操练。
4. 以“评价”促进。配套分层评价量表与项目成果评价量表,实现“教—学—评”一体化。
三、作业目标
(一)语言能力目标
1. 能正确认读并运用 selfish, giant, shout, gate, hole, afraid, respect, understanding, agreement, message, narrow, return 等核心词汇。
2. 能掌握并运用 get along with, shout at, ask for advice, in return, reach an agreement, keep … in mind 等重点短语。
3. 能正确运用现在完成时(二)中 for 与 since 的用法描述持续的状态或经历,并能完成非延续性动词向延续性动词的转换。
4. 能读懂本单元相关语篇,获取主旨大意和关键细节,并完成读后表达。
(二)文化意识目标
1. 理解《自私的巨人》《六尺巷》等语篇中所体现的分享、礼让、善良等价值观念。
2. 感受中华优秀传统文化中“以和为贵”“礼让包容”的智慧,增强文化自信。
3. 尊重中外文化在人际交往观念上的差异,学会包容与理解。
(三)思维品质目标
1. 能通过梳理人物的前后变化,分析故事中人物的性格与行为逻辑。
2. 能针对人际交往中的实际问题进行分析、比较,并提出合理的解决建议。
3. 能在项目调查与数据分析中,进行简单的归纳与推断。
(四)学习能力目标
1. 能在小组合作中合理分工、主动探究,共同完成项目任务。
2. 能借助调查、访谈、网络等资源获取信息,并进行整理与呈现。
3. 能利用评价量表进行自我评价与同伴互评,反思学习过程。
(五)分层目标
A层(基础巩固):达成语言能力目标第1—3条,夯实基础;
B层(能力提升):达成语言能力目标第4条与思维品质目标第1、2条;
C层(拓展挑战):达成文化意识、学习能力目标,并综合运用语言完成项目成果。
四、作业内容与目标对应表
层级
作业内容
对应目标
题型/形式
预计用时
A层
基础巩固
(必做)
一、单词拼写(10题);二、词形变化(8题);三、短语互译(10题)
语言能力目标1、2
词汇巩固
10分钟
A层
基础巩固
(必做)
四、用 since 或 for 填空(7题);五、单项选择(6题);六、完成句子(4题)
语言能力目标3
语法运用
20分钟
B层
能力提升
(选做)
七、补全对话(5空);八、短文填空(10空)
语言能力目标2、3
语篇运用
8分钟
B层
能力提升
(选做)
九、阅读理解(5题);十、选词填空(10空)
语言能力目标4;思维品质目标1
阅读理解
12分钟
C层
拓展挑战
(挑战)
十一、项目式学习任务:班级小调查+制作《和睦相处指南》
文化意识目标;学习能力目标;思维品质目标3
项目实践
20分钟
C层
拓展挑战
(挑战)
十二、书面表达:写一件“相互理解”的小故事
语言能力目标2、3、4;文化意识目标
读写结合
10分钟
五、作业评价
(一)评价理念
坚持“教—学—评”一体化,采用过程性评价与终结性评价相结合、教师评价与学生自评、同伴互评相结合的方式。淡化单纯的知识检测,重视学生在完成任务过程中的语言运用、合作参与和思维表现。
(二)分层作业评价标准(表1)
层级
评价重点
达标标准
评价方式
A层
(必做)
基础词汇与语法的掌握
单词拼写与词形变化正确率达到80%以上;能正确使用 for、since 及 so … that … 结构。
教师批阅
+学生订正
B层
(选做)
语篇理解与语言运用
能读懂语篇并获取关键信息;补全对话、短文填空正确率达到75%以上。
教师批阅
+同伴互评
C层
(挑战)
综合实践与创新迁移
能合作完成《和睦相处指南》,语言准确、内容充实、展示清晰,并完成一篇80词左右的短文。
量表评价
+展示评价
(三)项目成果评价量表(表2)
评价维度
优秀(A,9—10分)
良好(B,7—8分)
需努力(C,6分及以下)
内容与主题
紧扣“和睦相处”主题,调查数据真实,建议具体可行
基本围绕主题,内容较充实,建议较合理
内容偏离主题,信息不足,建议空泛
语言表达
词汇句型准确丰富,能熟练运用本单元重点表达
语言基本正确,能运用部分重点表达
语言错误较多,影响表达
合作与参与
分工明确,积极参与,主动帮助同伴
能参与小组活动,完成自己的任务
参与不足,依赖他人
创意与设计
指南图文并茂,版面美观,富有创意
指南完整,版面清楚
指南不完整,版面较乱
展示与交流
语音语调自然,表达流利,有感染力
表达较清楚,能完成基本展示
表达不连贯,音量偏小
六、试题详情
本单元项目任务为“Making a ‘Getting Along’ Guide(制作《和睦相处指南》)”。请同学们先完成A、B层的语言任务,再走进C层,用英语完成一次真实的探究与展示。
(一)A层 基础巩固(必做,面向全体)
一、根据首字母或汉语提示补全单词。
1. The g________ (巨人) was selfish and didn’t want to share his garden.
2. “Get out of my garden!” the giant s________ (大声说) angrily.
3. The children were a________ (害怕的) of the giant and ran away.
4. There was a small h________ (洞) in the wall, and the children could get in.
5. We should r________ (尊重) each other and get along well.
6. My teacher is very u________ (善解人意的); she always listens to us patiently.
7. The two families argued over the dividing line and couldn’t reach an a________ (一致,协议).
8. The story of Six-chi Lane has a deep m________ (寓意): kindness encourages more kindness.
9. The lane is very n________ (狭窄的), about two metres wide.
10. Please r________ (归还) the book to the library on time.
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The two boys had a serious ________ (argue) about whose turn it was to clean the room.
2. Thank you for your ________ (understand); I feel much better now.
3. True ________ (friend) is based on trust.
4. The teacher showed great ________ (patient) with the slow students.
5. I ________ (agree) with you, so we had a small quarrel.
6. The old man ________ (build) a high wall around the garden many years ago.
7. After the giant opened his garden, it was ________ (live) again with birds and flowers.
8. It is ________ (polite) to interrupt others when they are talking.
三、短语互译。
A. 把下列英文短语译成汉语。
1. get along well with sb ________ 2. shout at sb ________
3. ask sb for advice ________ 4. in return ________
5. reach an agreement ________ 6. be afraid of ________
B. 把下列汉语短语译成英语。
7. 与某人分享某物 ________ 8. 从那时起 ________
9. 敲门 ________ 10. 把……记在心里 ________
四、用 since 或 for 填空。
1. The giant has lived alone in the castle ________ many years.
2. The children haven’t come to the garden ________ last spring.
3. It has been three years ________ the two families moved here.
4. We have been good friends ________ we were in Grade 7.
5. My grandpa has kept this old poem ________ over fifty years.
6. The lane has been there ________ the Qing Dynasty.
7. They have waited at the gate ________ two hours.
五、单项选择。
1. The giant was ________ selfish ________ he didn’t let the children play in his garden.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
2. —How long ________ you ________ in this school? —For three years.
A. do; study B. have; studied C. did; study D. are; studying
3. My neighbour ________ to me since we had a quarrel last month.
A. didn’t speak B. hasn’t spoken C. doesn’t speak D. isn’t speaking
4. It’s important to ________ your feelings with your friends instead of keeping them to yourself.
A. hide B. share C. argue D. shout
5. The two families argued ________ the dividing line between their houses.
A. with B. about C. to D. for
6. —Have you finished your project ________? —Yes, I’ve ________ finished it.
A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already
六、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 这座花园已经好几年没有花朵了。
The garden ________ ________ any flowers ________ several years.
2. 六尺巷的故事可以追溯到清朝。
The story of the lane ________ ________ ________ the Qing Dynasty.
3. 张家为邻居让出了三尺地。
The Zhang family ________ ________ three chi of land for their neighbour.
4. 这座花园如此美丽,以至于孩子们都喜欢在这里玩耍。
The garden is ________ beautiful ________ all the children like playing here.
(二)B层 能力提升(选做,面向学有余力的学生)
七、补全对话。从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话,其中有两项是多余的。
A. What’s the matter?
B. Why did you quarrel with him?
C. That’s really too bad.
D. You’d better not talk to him any more.
E. It’s important to communicate your feelings clearly.
F. I’ll have a talk with him this afternoon.
G. How long have you known each other?
A: Hi, Jack. You look unhappy today. (1)________
B: I had a quarrel with my best friend, Tom.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. (2)________
B: Because he lost my favourite book and didn’t tell me.
A: (3)________ Have you talked to him about it?
B: No, I haven’t. I’m afraid he will be angry with me.
A: (4)________ Friends should be honest with each other.
B: You’re right. (5)________
A: Good idea! I’m sure you two will get along well again.
八、短文填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。
The giant had a beautiful garden. He didn’t want to (1)________ (share) it with the children, so he (2)________ (build) a high wall around it. From then on, spring never (3)________ (come) to his garden. It has been cold there (4)________ the giant returned. One morning, he heard birds (5)________ (sing) and saw children (6)________ (play) in his garden. At that moment, he realised he had been too (7)________ (selfish). So he knocked down the wall and told the children the garden was (8)________ (they). Since then, his garden (9)________ (be) full of life again. The story tells us that kindness (10)________ (encourage) more kindness.
提示:第(4)题填入一个连词;第(5)(6)题用括号内动词的适当形式;第(8)题用名词性物主代词。
九、阅读理解。阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
Six-chi Lane lies in Tongcheng, Anhui. Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. Two families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses. They couldn’t reach an agreement. The Zhang family wrote to their relative Zhang Ying, who had a high position in the government, and asked him for advice. When his reply arrived, they opened it and found a poem inside. After reading it, the Zhangs felt ashamed and stepped back three chi of land for their neighbour. Moved by this, the Wu family did the same. So the six-chi-wide lane came into being. Hundreds of years have passed, but the lane is still there. Whenever people walk down it, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.
1. Where is Six-chi Lane?
2. What did the two families argue about?
3. Who did the Zhang family ask for advice?
4. How did the Zhang family feel after reading the poem?
5. What can we learn from the story?
十、选词填空。用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
get along with advice understanding selfish friendship
communicate solve respect trust politely
Learning to (1)________ others well is important for every student. A good (2)________ is based on (3)________, not on money. When you have a problem with your friend, you should (4)________ with each other (5)________. It is also helpful to ask your parents or teachers for (6)________. Being (7)________ can make others unhappy, so we should always (8)________ others’ feelings. If we can (9)________ the problem together and show more (10)________ to each other, we will build better relationships.
(三)C层 拓展挑战(挑战,面向有兴趣深入探究的学生)
十一、项目式学习任务:Making a "Getting Along" Guide(制作《和睦相处指南》)
【情境】班级将举办“阳光相处周”活动。请你和小组同学一起,完成一份英文版《和睦相处指南》(Getting Along Guide),并在班会上展示。
【Task 1 小调查】在小组内调查:“How well do you get along with the people around you?”(你与周围的人相处得怎么样?)统计 A. Very well/B. Well/C. Just so-so/D. Not very well 四类人数,并计算各自的百分比。
百分比计算公式(用公式编辑器录入):
总人数公式:
(其中 P 表示百分比,n 表示某一类人数,N 表示被调查总人数)
把调查结果填入下表:
选项
人数 n
百分比 P
A. Very well
B. Well
C. Just so-so
D. Not very well
合计
N =
100%
【Task 2 归纳问题】根据调查结果,用英语写出中学生相处中最常见的2—3个问题。
例:Many students don’t know how to ________.
【Task 3 提出建议】用本单元所学句型,写出3—5条相处建议。
参考句型:You should … / It’s important to … / Why not …? / Try to … / Remember to …
例:You should communicate with your friends politely.
【Task 4 制作指南】把调查结果与建议整合起来,用卡纸或电子海报制作一份英文《和睦相处指南》,要求图文并茂、条理清楚。
【Task 5 展示与评价】在班会上用英语介绍本组的指南(1—2分钟),并依据“项目成果评价量表(表2)”进行自评与互评。
文化小贴士:六尺巷(Liùchǐ Xiàng)位于安徽省桐城市(Tóngchéng, Ānhuī Shěng),是中华传统美德的象征。
十二、书面表达。
在日常生活中,与同学、朋友相处难免会遇到小摩擦。请以“Understanding each other”为题,用英语写一篇约80词的短文,叙述你(或你身边的人)与朋友之间发生的一次小矛盾,以及你们如何相互理解、重归于好。
要求:
1. 内容完整,语句通顺,语法正确;
2. 正确使用现在完成时,恰当运用本单元所学词汇和短语(至少3个);
3. 不出现真实的人名、校名。
参考词汇:argue, understand, communicate, apologize, forgive, get along well, in return
七、答案与解析
(一)A层 基础巩固
一、单词拼写
1. giant 2. shouted 3. afraid 4. hole 5. respect 6. understanding 7. agreement 8. message 9. narrow 10. return
【解析】第2题描述过去发生的动作,用过去式 shouted;第6题 understanding 作形容词,意为“善解人意的、通情达理的”。
二、词形变化
1. argument 2. understanding 3. friendship 4. patience 5. disagree 6. built 7. lively 8. impolite
【解析】第1题 argue 的名词形式为 argument(去 e 加 -ment);第5题由后半句“我们吵架了”可知应填否定形式 disagree;第6题 build 的过去式为不规则变化 built;第8题“打断别人说话”是不礼貌的,故填 impolite。
三、短语互译
A. 1. 与某人相处得好 2. 冲某人大喊 3. 向某人征求意见 4. 作为回报 5. 达成一致 6. 害怕
B. 7. share sth with sb 8. since then 9. knock at/on the door 10. keep … in mind
四、用 since 或 for 填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. since 7. for
【解析】for 后接一段时间(如 many years, over fifty years, two hours);since 后接过去的时间点、时间段+ago,或一般过去时的从句(如 last spring, the Qing Dynasty, we were in Grade 7)。第3题 It has been three years since … 为固定句型。
五、单项选择
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A
【解析】第1题 so + 形容词 + that 从句,表示“如此……以至于……”;第2题 How long 提问一段时间,用现在完成时,且 study 为延续性动词;第3题 since 引导时间状语时,主句用现在完成时,hasn’t spoken 表示“从吵架起一直没说话”;第5题 argue about/over sth 意为“为某事争吵”;第6题 yet 用于疑问句,already 用于肯定句。
六、完成句子
1. hasn’t had; for 2. started back in 3. stepped back 4. so; that
【解析】第1题“好几年没有花朵”表示从过去持续到现在的状态,用现在完成时 has not had,一段时间用 for 引出;第4题考查 so … that … 结构。
(二)B层 能力提升
七、补全对话
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. F(多余的选项为 D、G)
【解析】第1空后文回答“我和好朋友吵架了”,故用 What’s the matter? 询问情况;第2空由 Because 可知在问原因;第4空后文说“朋友之间要诚实”,故用 E 提出“清楚沟通”的建议;第5空后文回答 Good idea,说明 B 提出了可行的做法。
八、短文填空
1. share 2. built 3. came 4. since 5. singing 6. playing 7. selfish 8. theirs 9. has been 10. encourages
【解析】第2、3题叙述过去,用过去式 built、came;第4题 since 引导时间,表示“自从巨人回来后”;第5、6题 hear sb doing sth 与 see sb doing sth 表示“听见/看见某人正在做某事”,用 -ing 形式;第8题 theirs 为名词性物主代词,相当于 their garden;第9题 Since then 常与现在完成时连用;第10题陈述普遍道理,用一般现在时。
九、阅读理解
1. In Tongcheng, Anhui.(安徽桐城。)
2. The dividing line between their houses.(两家房屋之间的分界线。)
3. Their relative Zhang Ying, who had a high position in the government.(他们的亲戚张英。)
4. They felt ashamed.(感到羞愧。)
5. Kindness encourages more kindness. / We should understand each other and be ready to give way to others.(言之有理即可。)
十、选词填空
1. get along with 2. friendship 3. trust 4. communicate 5. politely 6. advice 7. selfish 8. respect 9. solve 10. understanding
【解析】第5题修饰动词 communicate,用副词 politely;第8题 respect others’ feelings 意为“尊重他人的感受”;第10题 show understanding to sb 意为“对某人表示理解”。
(三)C层 拓展挑战
十一、项目式学习任务(参考答案要点)
1. 调查与统计:正确统计各类人数,并运用公式 P = n ÷ N × 100% 计算百分比,全部百分比之和为 100%。
2. 常见问题(示例):Some students don’t listen to others carefully. / Some students are too selfish and don’t want to share. / Some students are afraid to say sorry when they are wrong.
3. 相处建议(示例):
You should communicate with your friends politely and honestly.
It’s important to respect others’ feelings and accept different opinions.
Why not say sorry when you make a mistake?
Try to understand your friends before you get angry with them.
4. 指南制作与展示:内容紧扣主题、语言准确、版面美观、展示清楚,即可得高分(参照表2评分)。
【评分说明】调查统计(4分)+问题归纳(3分)+建议表达(5分)+指南制作(4分)+展示交流(4分),共20分。
十二、书面表达(参考范文)
Understanding each other
Last term, I had a quarrel with my best friend Lily. We argued about a class project, and neither of us could reach an agreement. For a few days, we didn’t talk to each other, and I felt very sad.
Later, our teacher told us that it is important to communicate our feelings clearly. So I decided to talk with Lily. To my surprise, she said sorry to me first. We have understood each other since then, and our friendship has become even stronger.
Now I know that kindness encourages more kindness. If we can understand each other, we will get along well with everyone.
【写作指导】
1. 人称与时态:以第一人称叙述,主体用一般过去时,表达“从那时起”的变化用现在完成时。
2. 结构安排:起因(argue about …)—经过(communicate … / say sorry)—结果(understand each other / get along well)。
3. 亮点表达:reach an agreement;to my surprise;have understood each other since then;kindness encourages more kindness。
【评分标准】内容完整、要点齐全(4分);语言准确、语法正确(4分);词汇句型丰富、使用本单元重点表达(4分);结构连贯、书写规范(3分),共15分。
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