高考英语阅读理解D篇 议论文 （十八）-2027届高考英语一轮复习专项

高三一轮复习专项｜阅读理解D篇 议论文 Passage1：适度“无聊感”，不是浪费时间 Passage2：“容错文化”：允许试错，不等于纵容失误 Passage3：集体共识与独立表达：合群是否意味着妥协？ Passage4：数字极简主义：少刷信息，不等于拒绝网络 Passage1话题：适度“无聊感”，不是浪费时间 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Nowadays, it has become a common habit for many people to fill every tiny spare moment with short videos, social media updates or audio podcasts. Whenever they have to wait in line or take a quiet break, they instantly reach for their phones. They tend to treat boredom as an uncomfortable feeling, a meaningless state that must be avoided at all costs. However, a growing number of psychologists have argued that mild, self-chosen boredom serves a valuable mental function that we should not ignore. This beneficial boredom differs greatly from tiredness, burnout or the discouragement caused by repetitive meaningless work. It happens when the brain is freed from assigned tasks and outside stimulation. Without continuous incoming information, our minds are allowed to wander freely. Such mind-wandering often creates unexpected connections between separate ideas, which is the source of creative thinking. Many people report that they sort out confusing feelings or come up with creative solutions during these quiet, unplanned moments. Even so, experts remind us that not every type of boredom brings such positive effects. If boredom arises from long-lasting pressure or forced dull work that people cannot escape, it may gradually turn into apathy. Apathetic people lose their driving force and become unwilling to take action, which is far from the helpful state we have discussed. The critical distinction lies in whether we control the boredom, or the boredom controls us. Therefore, rather than keeping our screens switched on nonstop, we can deliberately set aside short periods with no digital input. It is a simple but practical way to protect our capacity for free and deep thinking. 1. Why do many people try their best to avoid boredom? A. They believe boredom wastes time. B. Boredom directly leads to burnout. C. It prevents people from physical rest. D. It makes creative thinking impossible. 2. What positive effect can controlled mild boredom produce? A. It helps people finish daily tasks faster. B. It inspires creative thinking. C. It permanently removes negative feelings. D. It improves sleep quality greatly. 3. What may turn useful boredom into apathy? A. Frequent mind-wandering. B. Strong self-control. C. Long-time unwanted boring work. D. Continuous digital stimulation. 4. What can we infer from the text? A. We should stay away from all digital products. B. Boredom is always beneficial to our mind. C. Busy schedules protect people from bad moods. D. Intentional quiet time helps develop our thinking ability. Passage 2话题：“容错文化”：允许试错，不等于纵容失误 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The concept of a “failure-tolerant culture” has become popular in education, scientific research and creative industries. Supporters of this idea hold that constant fear of punishment for mistakes discourages risk-taking. If learners and workers worry that every small misstep will bring blame, they will hesitate to try new methods or test creative plans. Accepting small failures during exploration creates a safe environment, which is widely considered essential for innovation and long-term progress. However, this concept is frequently misunderstood and misused. Some people quote “failure tolerance” as an excuse for careless behavior, repeated mistakes and irresponsible decisions. It is vital to draw a clear line between exploratory failure and avoidable error. Exploratory failure takes place when people carry out a new attempt after careful planning, collect data from the result, and draw useful lessons for future practice. By contrast, avoidable mistakes usually come from laziness, inattention, or ignoring well-known rules and warnings. Such errors bring few valuable lessons and may even cause unnecessary loss. Building a healthy failure-tolerant culture does not mean removing responsibility completely. It requires careful evaluation of each mistake: Is it a well-prepared experiment with uncertain results? Or could it have been prevented with basic carefulness? Without such judgment, the so-called tolerance will turn into blind forgiveness. Blind forgiveness lowers standards, discourages careful work, and finally defeats the original purpose of encouraging innovation. 1. What is the main opinion of the supporters of failure-tolerant culture? A. All mistakes deserve complete forgiveness. B. Fear of punishment stops people from trying new things. C. Punishment should be canceled in all classrooms. D. Mistakes are the fastest path to success. 2. What worries the author about the popular “failure-tolerant culture”? A. It may be used as an excuse for careless mistakes. B. It slows down the speed of innovation. C. It makes people refuse to take any risks. D. It sets too strict standards for new learners. 3. Which of the following belongs to exploratory failure? A. Copying others’ work because of laziness. B. Repeating the same mistake without reflection. C. Disregarding safety rules and causing accidents. D. A carefully planned new trial that ends unsuccessfully. 4. What is the key to developing a healthy failure-tolerant culture? A. Accept every mistake without evaluation. B. Distinguish exploratory failure from avoidable error. C. Encourage people to make as many attempts as possible. D. Never punish people working on creative projects. Passage 3话题：集体共识与独立表达：合群是否意味着妥协？ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Human beings are social by nature. Joining a group brings people a strong sense of belonging, supports teamwork, and makes it easier for members to share resources and divide work. To maintain group harmony, members often reach shared agreements. However, social psychologists warn about a phenomenon called groupthink. Groupthink happens when members choose to agree with the majority, keeping their real opinions unspoken, simply to avoid conflict and keep the group peaceful. Groupthink can appear anywhere, not only in formal meetings. It exists in classroom discussions, online communities and friend circles. People choose silence because they fear being viewed as troublesome or disruptive. Over time, the group may miss better solutions, since different views never get the chance to be discussed. It does not mean group agreement is bad. Shared decisions and cooperation are still necessary for joint tasks. The balanced view is that group harmony and independent thinking are not opposites. A healthy group welcomes different voices while respecting every member. People can express doubts politely, accept reasonable shared decisions, and still keep their own judgment. Belonging to a group does not require us to give up independent thought for the sake of fitting in. Cooperation does not equal blind obedience. We can work well with others while keeping the ability to think critically. 1. What benefit can group membership bring? A. It naturally leads to groupthink. B. It creates belonging and supports teamwork. C. It guarantees every member speaks freely. D. It produces perfect decisions in a short time. 2. What is groupthink according to the text? A. People offer different ideas to improve group plans. B. People work together to create creative agreements. C. People refuse to join groups with different opinions. D. People follow the majority to keep peace instead of voicing true thoughts. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards group harmony? A. It is harmful to independent thinking. B. It cannot exist if there are different ideas. C. It can coexist with independent judgment. D. It should be the highest goal for every group. 4. What suggestion does the author put forward? A. Voice your ideas politely and keep independent judgment. B. Never agree with the majority inside a group. C. Stay away from group discussions to avoid pressure. D. Put group agreement above personal thinking. Passage 4话题：数字极简主义：少刷信息，不等于拒绝网络 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Digital minimalism has gained popularity online in recent years. Many readers hold a misunderstanding that digital minimalism means cutting off the Internet entirely, deleting all social apps, and rejecting online information completely. This understanding is incorrect. Digital minimalism does not call for total rejection of online tools. Its core idea is that we should use digital technology with clear purposes, rather than being passively guided and controlled by recommendation algorithms. Algorithms are specially designed to catch users’ attention. They keep pushing short videos, news and posts matching our personal preferences. As a result, many people open social apps out of habit, not because they have a clear task. This behavior creates passive information consumption: people spend plenty of time scrolling, yet gain little valuable knowledge. Their limited attention and spare time are taken away without them noticing. Digital minimalists set clear rules for online behaviour. They work out which online activities really matter, pick suitable digital tools for those tasks, and avoid endless aimless browsing. They fully recognize that the Internet is a powerful tool for learning, communication and work. The difference lies in who takes charge. We can enjoy all the convenience brought by the Internet, without allowing online platforms to control our attention and time. Digital minimalism is about active choice, not blind rejection. 1. What is the common misunderstanding of digital minimalism? A. It asks people to give up the Internet completely. B. It helps people make better use of online materials. C. It encourages online learning and communication. D. It suggests limiting online study to save time. 2. Why do algorithms result in passive consumption? A. They often spread false information. B. They deliver content matching users’ tastes to attract attention. C. They make online communication less convenient. D. They slow down information delivery online. 3. What is the central idea of digital minimalism? A. Keep away from all social media platforms. B. Use digital tools on purpose. C. Spend as little time online as possible. D. Refuse all information on the Internet. 4. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. The Internet does more harm than good. B. We should avoid online tools used for work. C. Casual browsing helps people gain useful knowledge. D. We can make good use of the Internet while controlling screen time. 参考答案与详细解析 Passage1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D Passage2 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B Passage3 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage4 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D Passage1 1. A 定位句：They tend to treat boredom as an uncomfortable feeling, a meaningless state that must be avoided at all costs. 解析：很多人极力避开无聊，是因为他们认为无聊是浪费时间。B偷换概念，倦怠（burnout）不等同于无聊；C、D原文没有相关表述。 2. B 定位句：Such mind-wandering often creates unexpected connections between separate ideas, which is the source of creative thinking. 解析：可控的适度无聊，让思绪自由游走，激发创造性思考。A、C、D文中无依据；C中“permanently（永久）”表述绝对化。 3. C 定位句：If boredom arises from long-lasting pressure or forced dull work that people cannot escape, it may gradually turn into apathy. 解析：长期被迫从事枯燥乏味的工作，这种无聊容易演变成麻木冷漠（apathy）。其余选项和原文不符。 4. D 定位句：Therefore, rather than keeping our screens switched on nonstop, we can deliberately set aside short periods with no digital input. It is a simple but practical way to protect our capacity for free and deep thinking. 解析：推理判断题。刻意留出不受打扰的安静时间，有助于培养思考能力。A表述极端，不是主张远离所有电子产品；B “always”过于绝对；C和原文意思相反。 Passage2 1. B 定位句：Supporters of this idea hold that constant fear of punishment for mistakes discourages risk-taking. If learners and workers worry that every small misstep will bring blame, they will hesitate to try new methods or test creative plans. 解析：支持者认为，如果害怕犯错后受到指责，人们就不敢尝试新事物。A、C表述过于绝对；D“the fastest path”原文未提及，属于过度夸大。 2. A 定位句：However, this concept is frequently misunderstood and misused. Some people quote “failure tolerance” as an excuse for careless behavior, repeated mistakes and irresponsible decisions. 解析：作者担忧容错文化会被曲解，被拿来当成粗心犯错的借口。B、D和原文正反相反；C无依据。 3. D 定位句：Exploratory failure takes place when people carry out a new attempt after careful planning, collect data from the result, and draw useful lessons for future practice. 解析：探索性失败，指经过周密规划之后开展新尝试，即便最后失败，依然可以总结经验。A、B、C都是本可以避免的失误。 4. B 定位句：It is vital to draw a clear line between exploratory failure and avoidable error. 解析：建立健康的容错文化，关键是区分探索性失败与可避免的失误，而不是一味原谅。A、D属于对容错文化的错误理解；C偏离文章观点。 Passage3 1. B 定位句：Joining a group brings people a strong sense of belonging, supports teamwork, and makes it easier for members to share resources and divide work. 解析：加入群体，可以带来归属感，促进团队协作。A：groupthink是负面现象，不是好处；C、D表述绝对，原文没有“guarantee”、“perfect decisions”这类信息。 2. D 定位句：However, social psychologists warn about a phenomenon called groupthink. Groupthink happens when members choose to agree with the majority, keeping their real opinions unspoken, simply to avoid conflict and keep the group peaceful. 解析：群体思维（groupthink）：为维持表面和谐，附和大多数人的看法，不表达内心真实想法。A、B是良性的群体讨论，不属于groupthink；C不符合定义。 3. C 定位句：The balanced view is that group harmony and independent thinking are not opposites. A healthy group welcomes different voices while respecting every member. 解析：作者的观点：群体和谐和独立思考并不冲突，可以共存。A、B、D都是极端化表述，和原文不符。 4. A 定位句：People can express doubts politely, accept reasonable shared decisions, and still keep their own judgment. 解析：作者建议：礼貌表达自己的观点，同时保留独立判断。B、C、D都是走向极端，和文章的平衡观点冲突。 Passage4 1. A 定位句：Many readers hold a misunderstanding that digital minimalism means cutting off the Internet entirely, deleting all social apps, and rejecting online information completely. 解析：普遍误区：很多人以为数字极简主义就是彻底放弃互联网。B是数字极简主义真正的价值，不是误解；C、D原文无依据。 2. B 定位句：Algorithms are specially designed to catch users’ attention. They keep pushing short videos, news and posts matching our personal preferences. 解析：算法持续推送贴合用户喜好的内容，以此抓取注意力，造成被动刷信息的行为。A、C、D在原文找不到支撑。 3. B 定位句：Its core idea is that we should use digital technology with clear purposes, rather than being passively guided and controlled by recommendation algorithms. 解析：数字极简主义的核心，是有目的地主动使用数字工具，而不是被动被算法牵着走。A、C、D都是常见误解，不是核心观点。 4. D 定位句：We can enjoy all the convenience brought by the Internet, without allowing online platforms to control our attention and time. 解析：推理题。我们既可以用好网络带来的便利，同时自主管控屏幕使用时间。A消极片面；B与原文相悖；C和文意相反。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $