Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals（单元话题阅读任务单）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals话题阅读任务单 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals话题定位 本单元围绕“神奇的动植物”这一主题展开，该主题与课标“人与自然”主题范畴中的子话题“不同地区的生态特征与自然景观；热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”密切相关。通过前几个单元的学习，学生已初步掌握描述人物特征与事物属性的语言能力，能够运用比较级和最高级进行对比与评价。本单元将视角从“人际交往”和“社会生活”转向“自然世界”，引导学生认识动植物的神奇特征与重要价值，探究动植物与人类的紧密联系，培养保护动植物、维护生态平衡的意识。因此，本单元主要帮助学生学会用英语描述动植物的属性与特征，掌握形容词和副词的最高级形式，并在探究自然奥秘的过程中感悟生命的伟大与生态的脆弱。本单元的大问题“What makes plants and animals amazing?”启发学生从“神奇特征”“生态价值”“人与自然的关系”三个维度思考自然的奥秘与保护的意义。Section A和Section B分别以“What can plants and animals do?”和“How are plants and animals connected with us?”两个引导性问题架构板块内容，并层层深入，指向单元大问题的回答。Section A首先呈现动植物知识测试和竹子文化讨论等真实情境，让学生通过听说活动学会运用形容词最高级（如the largest, the fastest, the most useful等）描述动植物的独特特征，并了解竹子在中国文化中的象征意义。Section B的阅读语篇以蜜蜂的重要性为核心，从“作用—价值—特征—问题”的逻辑展开，引导学生系统理解动植物与生态系统的关系，辩证思考“动植物与人类的联系”与“如何保护生物多样性”等问题。写作环节要求学生制作动植物海报。本部分侧重探讨自然生态对个人认知发展和环保责任感培养的价值。 Passage A The Dance of the Leaves — The Magic of the Dancing Plant 导读：你见过会“跳舞”的植物吗？在亚洲的一些温暖地区，生长着一种神奇的植物——舞草。当有人在它旁边唱歌或播放音乐时，它的小叶子会像舞者一样轻轻摆动。科学家发现，这种植物对声音和触碰都有反应。它不仅是大自然赠予我们的奇妙礼物，也是激发人类探索自然奥秘的灵感源泉。让我们一起走进这种神奇植物的世界，感受大自然的无限魅力。 体裁：科普散文　 难度：★★★★　 词数：约200词 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Have you ever heard of the dancing plant? It is one of the most amazing plants in the world. When people play music or sing near it, its small leaves begin to move as if they are dancing. The dancing plant is found in some warm places in Asia. It is not as tall as bamboo, but it is still very special. Its leaves can move faster than most other plants. Scientists say that it reacts to sound and touch. When you touch its leaves gently, they will close slowly. It almost looks as if the plant is shy! Some people like to keep it at home because it is fun to watch. When the sun goes down, its leaves fold together as if the plant is going to sleep. In the morning, they open again to welcome the new day. It is one of the most interesting gifts that nature has given us. This plant shows us that even the quietest living things can surprise us. Nature is full of wonders, and there are still so many secrets waiting to be discovered. As long as we stay curious and keep exploring, we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world. 【重难生词】 1. react v. 反应；回应 例句：Plants react to light by growing towards it.（植物通过朝光生长来对光做出反应。） 2. gently adv. 温柔地；轻轻地 例句：She gently touched the baby‘s face.（她轻轻地抚摸婴儿的脸。） 3. shy adj. 害羞的；羞怯的 例句：The little girl is too shy to speak in public.（小女孩太害羞了，不敢在公共场合说话。） 4. fold v. 折叠；合拢 例句：He folded the letter and put it in the envelope.（他把信折好放进信封。） 5. wonder n. 奇迹；惊奇 例句：The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.（长城是世界奇迹之一。） 6. discover v. 发现 例句：Scientists discovered a new species in the rainforest.（科学家在雨林中发现了一个新物种。） 7. curious adj. 好奇的 例句：Children are naturally curious about the world.（孩子们天生对世界充满好奇。） 8. explore v. 探索 例句：We explored the cave with a flashlight.（我们拿着手电筒探索了那个洞穴。） 9. secret n. 秘密 例句：The ocean holds many secrets.（海洋藏着许多秘密。） 10. living things 短语 生物；有生命的东西 例句：All living things need water and air.（所有生物都需要水和空气。） 【小练习】（从上方生词中选择合适的词填空）： 1. Plants can __________ to music and touch. 2. When you touch the dancing plant’s leaves __________, they will close slowly. 3. The plant’s leaves __________ together at night as if it is going to sleep. 4. Nature is full of __________, and there are still many secrets to be discovered. 5. Children are naturally __________ about the world around them. 【长难句分析】 第1句： When people play music or sing near it, its small leaves begin to move as if they are dancing. · 翻译： 当人们在它旁边播放音乐或唱歌时，它的小叶子就会开始移动，仿佛在跳舞一样。 · 重点： 这是一个主从复合句。When people play music or sing near it 是时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。主句为 its small leaves begin to move，主语 its small leaves 是复数，谓语用 begin to move。as if they are dancing 是 as if 引导的方式状语从句，意为“仿佛；好像”，用现在进行时描述正在进行的动作。as if 是本文的高频结构，用来赋予植物以人的特征，增强表达的生动性。 第2句： As long as we stay curious and keep exploring, we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world. · 翻译： 只要我们保持好奇、不断探索，我们就会继续在自然界中发现令人惊叹的事物。 · 重点： 这是一个主从复合句。As long as 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于 so long as，表示前提条件。从句中 stay curious 和 keep exploring 是两个并列的谓语，stay 后接形容词 curious 作表语，keep doing 表示“持续做某事”。主句为 we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world，其中 continue to do sth. 意为“继续做某事”。整句话是全文的主旨句，将“保持好奇”与“发现自然奇迹”联系起来，呼应了单元大问题“What makes plants and animals amazing?”——自然的奇妙需要我们用好奇的心去探索和发现。 【中文翻译】 你听说过会跳舞的植物吗？它是世界上最神奇的植物之一。当人们在它旁边播放音乐或唱歌时，它的小叶子就会开始移动，仿佛在跳舞一样。 舞草生长在亚洲一些温暖的地方。它没有竹子那么高，但仍然非常特别。它的叶子比其他大多数植物动得更快。科学家说，它对声音和触碰有反应。当你轻轻触碰它的叶子时，它们会慢慢合拢。它看起来几乎像是在害羞！ 有些人喜欢把它养在家里，因为它看起来很有趣。当太阳落下时，它的叶子会合在一起，仿佛要睡觉了。到了早晨，它们又张开，迎接新的一天。它是大自然给予我们的最有趣的礼物之一。 这种植物向我们展示了，即使是最安静的生命也能给我们带来惊喜。大自然充满了奇迹，还有许许多多的秘密等待被发现。只要我们保持好奇、不断探索，我们就会继续在自然界中发现令人惊叹的事物。 Passage B The Tree of Life — The Baobab‘s Amazing Survival Story 导读：在非洲炎热干旱的大草原上，生长着一种奇特的树——猴面包树。它的树干像一个巨大的瓶子，能在雨季储存上千加仑的水，帮助自己和当地人度过漫长的旱季。它的果实可以吃，树皮可以做纸和布，老树洞甚至能住人。它是非洲人民心中当之无愧的“生命之树”。这种树告诉我们：生命的力量在于适应环境、默默付出。让我们一起来认识这棵世界上最坚韧的树。 体裁：经典纪实散文　 难度：★★★★　 词数：约215词 The baobab tree is one of the strangest-looking trees in the world. It grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its nickname “Bottle Tree”, it looks like a huge bottle standing upside down. Some baobab trees grow as tall as a sixteen-floor building. During the dry season, these trees stand without leaves and look like bare trunks sticking up into the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then beautiful white flowers come out. Later, the flowers turn into fruit. The baobab is called “the tree of life” because it can live longer than 1,000 years. In the dry land, it can pull in and hold up to 1,000 gallons of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, called monkey bread, is good to eat. The leaves are used as medicine. People can use the bark to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes hollow. An old tree can hold many people inside. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a useful tree that some people could hardly live without it. The baobab teaches us an important lesson: even in the hardest places, life finds a way. It stores what it needs, shares what it has, and stands strong for hundreds of years. Isn’t that what we should all try to do? 【重难生词】 1. bare adj. 光秃秃的；裸露的 例句：The trees are bare in winter.（冬天树木光秃秃的。） 2. trunk n. 树干 例句：The trunk of the old tree is very thick.（这棵老树的树干非常粗。） 3. appear v. 出现 例句：Stars appear in the sky at night.（夜晚星星出现在天空中。） 4. store v. 储存；储藏 例句：Squirrels store nuts for the winter.（松鼠为冬天储存坚果。） 5. bark n. 树皮 例句：The bark of this tree is used as medicine.（这种树的树皮被用作药材。） 6. hollow adj. 空的；中空的 例句：The old tree trunk is hollow inside.（老树干里面是空的。） 7. local adj. 当地的；本地的 例句：We asked the local people for directions.（我们向当地人问路。） 8. hardly adv. 几乎不 例句：I could hardly believe my eyes.（我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。） 9. lesson n. 教训；道理 例句：The story teaches us a valuable lesson.（这个故事教给我们一个宝贵的道理。） 10. stand strong 短语 坚定地屹立；坚强不屈 例句：The old tree stood strong through many storms.（这棵老树在许多风暴中坚强屹立。） 【小练习】（从上方生词中选择合适的词填空）： 1. In the dry season, baobab trees look like __________ trunks. 2. The baobab can __________ up to 1,000 gallons of water. 3. People use the __________ of the baobab tree to make paper or cloth. 4. When the tree gets old, its trunk becomes __________. 5. The baobab teaches us an important __________ about life. 【长难句分析】 第1句： It is such a useful tree that some people could hardly live without it. · 翻译： 它是如此有用的一棵树，有些人几乎离不开它。 · 重点： 这是一个 such... that... 结构引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。such 修饰名词短语 a useful tree，that 引导结果状语从句。从句中 could hardly live without it 使用了 hardly（几乎不）与 without 构成双重否定，加强了肯定语气，意为“几乎无法离开它”。such... that... 与 so... that... 的区别在于：such 后接名词短语，so 后接形容词或副词。 第2句： It stores what it needs, shares what it has, and stands strong for hundreds of years. · 翻译： 它储存自己所需，分享自己所有，坚定地屹立数百年。 · 重点： 这是一个并列谓语结构，主语 It 后接三个并列的谓语动词：stores、shares 和 stands。前两个动词后各接一个 what 引导的宾语从句：what it needs（它需要的东西）和 what it has（它拥有的东西）。what 在从句中分别作 needs 和 has 的宾语，相当于 the things that。stands strong 中 strong 作主语补足语，说明主语的状态。整句话用排比手法（储存—分享—屹立）概括了猴面包树的生命智慧，是全文的主题句，呼应单元大问题——是什么让动植物如此“amazing”：不仅是它们的神奇特征，更是它们在极端环境中展现的生命力量与奉献精神。 【中文翻译】 猴面包树是世界上最奇特的树木之一。它生长在非洲和澳大利亚。就像它的绰号“瓶子树”一样，它看起来像一个倒立着的巨大瓶子。 有些猴面包树长得有十六层楼那么高。在旱季，这些树光秃秃地站在那里，看起来像裸露的树干直插空中。但当雨季来临时，叶子出现了，然后美丽的白花绽放了。之后，花朵变成了果实。 猴面包树被称为“生命之树”，因为它能活一千多年。在干旱的土地上，它能吸收并储存多达一千加仑的水。口渴的人们可以喝储存在树里的水。它的果实叫猴面包，很好吃。叶子可以入药。人们可以用树皮造纸或做布。 当猴面包树变老时，它的树干会变空。一棵老树里面能容纳很多人。当地人常常在这些树干里建造房屋。它是如此有用的一棵树，有些人几乎离不开它。 猴面包树教会我们一个重要道理：即使在最艰难的地方，生命也能找到出路。它储存自己所需，分享自己所有，坚定地屹立数百年。这不正是我们所有人都应该努力去做的吗？ 一、阅读理解 Passage A Penguins are fun to watch as they move around. They are stars of kids’ books and movies. They live and love to play on the ice. Some of them are large, and some are small. January 20 is Penguin Awareness Day, which helps us know the following fun facts about penguins. Penguins are birds highly adapted to life in the water. They are good swimmers and their wings have developed into flippers (鳍). Most penguins swim underwater at around four to seven miles per hour. Penguins do not have teeth. But then again, no birds have teeth. Penguins can rip up (撕碎) their food because the top of their mouths is filled with serrated ridges. Looking inside a penguin’s mouth can be quite scary. People may think all penguins live in cold places. ________ Some live in warmer climates like the coast of Australia and New Zealand. As a rule, all penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球). But there is one exception. The Galapagos penguin lives on the Galapagos Islands that straddle (跨越) the equator. Penguins are usually black and white. Their backs are black and their stomachs are white. This coloring actually protects them from the animals that feed on them while they are swimming in the sea. When seen from under the water, a white stomach blends in (融合) with the sunlight. 1．What do the underlined words “adapted to” mean in Chinese? A．摆脱 B．质疑 C．适应 D．破坏 2．Which of the following sentences can be put in the “ ________”? A．That is not the case. B．Scientists still don’t know the fact. C．But one thing is sure-they are all cute. D．Penguins sometimes do not move for months. 3．What can we know about the color of penguins? A．It makes them look beautiful. B．It keeps them warm greatly. C．It stops them from being eaten. D．It helps them be seen easily. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage B Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the-rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released (发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations-American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re:wild. The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct (灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don’t know where.or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change. The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India 1877; the-Cuban-kite, last seen-in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcamba brush-finch, last seen in1968in Peru. Two expeditions (探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl（last seen in1866in Indonesia）, and the dusky tetraka（last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999）. If any of these lost species (物种)are spotted, it’s hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as-Brazil’s blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard-a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging. “These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds, ”said John C．Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy.“ But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection.” 1．Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitats change ⑤food shortage A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②③④ D．①③④⑤ 2．What does the underlined word “spotted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Found. B．Caught. C．Discussed. D．Reported. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Among the birds on the list，Himalayan quail hasn’t been seen for the longest time. B．Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka. C．The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand. D．American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list. 4．Why are Brazil’s blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show it’s important for people to protect lost birds. B．To show it’s possible for scientists to find lost species. C．To show that the numbers of the two species are growing. D．To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them. Passage C Sleep for humans almost always means there is a bed or a mat near here. Animals, however, have many different ways of sleeping. For warmth, some animals sleep in groups, such as lions, monkeys, penguins and so on. Elephants also sleep in a group, but they sleep in groups for protection. The larger elephants make a circle around the younger elephants. The larger elephants sleep standing up, while the younger ones lie down to sleep. Some animals sleep in trees. Birds will lock their feet onto a tree to keep from falling out of the tree. Other animals, like squirrels, make nests* in the trees to sleep in. Most animals look for dry places to sleep. However, ducks often sleep in water. They hold hands when they sleep in groups to keep from floating away. Most animals lie down to sleep. However, some large animals, like horses, can sleep standing up. The flamingo sleeps standing on just one leg. Most animals sleep at night, but some animals are nocturnal. Nocturnal animals sleep in   the daytime. Bats and owls are nocturnal animals. They wake up when the sun goes down. Animals sleep in many different ways. But, just like humans, every animal must sleep. *nest: a place where birds can live 1．Why do elephants sleep in groups according to the passage? A．They sleep in groups for fun. B．They sleep in groups for food. C．They sleep in groups for warmth. D．They sleep in groups for protection. 2．What does the word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Active at night. B．With eyes wide open. C．Sleep at night. D．Sleep standing up. 3．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Animals sleep at different times of night. B．Animals sleep in many different places. C．Animals’ sleeping hours are different. D．Animals sleep in many different ways. Passage D One summer, Mei, a curious 13-year-old girl, found something strange in her grandmother’s garden. Every night, the white moonflowers opened up, shining under the moonlight. But one evening, she saw a tiny bat (蝙蝠) flying near the flowers. “Grandma, why is there a bat in the garden?” Mei asked. “Ah, that’s our little helper,” her grandmother smiled. “Moonflowers open up at night, and bats pollinate them. Without bats, these flowers would disappear (消失).” Mei was very interested. She began staying up late to watch the bats. One night, she found there were fewer flowers and fewer bats. Worried, she searched online and learned that streetlights made nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals like bats hard to see clearly, making it hard for them to find food. Mei decided to help, so Mei and her grandmother turned off the garden lights at night. She also planted more moonflowers and built a small “bat house” for protection. Slowly, the bats returned. By the end of summer, the garden was filled with shining flowers and flying wings. Her science teacher, Mr Li, heard about Mei’s project. “You’ve discovered something important,” he said. “Every animal, even bats, has a role in nature. When we protect them, we protect ourselves.” Mei’s garden became a model for their school’s Eco Club. Soon, neighbours started turning off lights and planting night flowers too. Both the bats and the flowers grew well. Mei realized even small changes could make a big difference. 1．What do the bats do for the moonflowers? A．Eat their leaves. B．Pollinate them at night. C．Keep away insects. D．Help them grow taller. 2．Why did Mei decide to turn off the garden lights? A．To help the bats see. B．To save more energy. C．For brighter flowers. D．For Grandmother’s sleep. 3．What may Mr Li think of Mei’s project? A．He thought it was a waste of time. B．He liked the bats living in the garden. C．He wanted to use her idea for himself. D．He believed it taught an important lesson. 4．What can we learn from Mei’s experience? A．Small actions can lead to big changes. B．Bats are more important than flowers. C．Gardens should always be dark at night. D．Protecting animals is too difficult to do. 二、阅读填空 Passage A 1 For example, rainforests have tall trees and colorful birds, while deserts have cacti and camels. 2 In the ocean, small fish eat plankton, and big fish eat small fish—this is called the food chain. If one part of the chain is broken, all other parts will be affected. Ecosystems are very important for our planet. Rainforests produce oxygen that we breathe, and oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the air. 3 Without healthy ecosystems, our Earth would become too hot and polluted. 4 People cut down rainforests, pollute oceans with plastic, and kill wild animals for their fur or meat. This breaks the food chain and destroys the balance of nature. For example, if people kill too many bees, many plants can't produce fruits, and animals that eat fruits will lose their food. We must work together to protect ecosystems. We can start by reducing waste, using less plastic, and planting more trees. 5 Every small action can help save our planet's ecosystems and keep nature balanced. A．They also help control the temperature of the Earth. B．But now, many of these ecosystems are in danger. C．The Earth has many different ecosystems, like rainforests, deserts and oceans. D．We can also join local activities to clean up parks and rivers. E．Each ecosystem has its own special plants and animals that depend on each other. Passage B 选择合适的选项完成短文（有一项是多余的）。 Tomatoes are very popular in the world. We use them in many dishes and soups. But how much do you really know about them? In this article, we’ve put together some fun facts about tomatoes for you. 1 But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds (种子) and grow from flowering plants. Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America. 2 . There are over 7,500 kinds of tomatoes around the world. They come in different sizes. 3 But some can be up to more than 20cm across and weigh a few kilos. And tomatoes aren’t always red. They can be yellow, purple, black and even white. 4 The English word “tomato” came from the Spanish (西班牙语的) word “tomate”. And the Spanish learned the word from the Aztec language (阿兹特克语) Nahuatl “tomatl”. People not only make tomatoes into different kinds of dishes, but also hold some interesting festivals for the fruit. La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals. 5 During the festival, people throw 150,000 kilos of tomatoes at each other. What a mess (混乱)! But it sounds interesting. A．Many people think tomatoes are vegetables. B．Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls. C．Do you know how the fruit got its name? D．Today, they grow in almost every country in the world. E．They thought eating tomatoes could bring them bad luck. F．The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year. Passage C 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you remember the public advertisement (广告) on CCTV? It’s about protecting wild animals. 1 It’s true that people kill wild animals all around the world for many reasons. 2 In the past, there was not enough food to eat. People had to kill wild animals to get food. But they always kept the younger ones so that they could get more food when they grew up. But now, some people think the meat of wild animals is more delicious than that of farmed animals. However, it is dangerous and illegal (犯法的) to eat the meat of wild animals because they may carry deadly viruses (病毒). 3 People killed wild animals for their fur and bones, too. In old times, people didn’t have enough materials to make clothes, so they made clothes with the fur of wild animals. 4 Besides, some people think the bones of wild animals can be used as medicine. In fact, scientists say it is a stupid idea. 5 If we don’t do something to protect them, they all will die one day. If this happens, we won’t live any longer because we depend on each other. A．People killed wild animals for their meat. B．But now, some people wear clothes made of fur just to show how rich they are. C．Today the number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. D．It says “No buying, no killing.” E．SARS is a terrible example. F．People can keep the wild animals in their home. G．The zoo is the best place for the wild animals. 二、完形填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We didn’t have rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. The rivers were drying. Every day, my husband 1 to get water to the fields. We would lose 2 if we couldn’t see any rain soon. However, it was on this day that I learned the true lesson of 3 . I was in the kitchen making lunch when I saw my 6-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was walking 4 , trying not to fall over. Minutes after he disappeared (消失) into the 5 , he ran back. Moments later, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for an hour—walked carefully to the woods and ran back to the house. Finally I couldn’t wait any longer and I walked out of the house and 6 him. Then I saw the most amazing thing. Several big deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground. It was terribly 7 . It lifted its head to lap up (舔) the water in my beautiful boy’s hands. When the water was gone, Billy jumped back and ran back to the house. It became quite 8 to me what my son was doing. I stood there and 9 my kind boy working so hard to save another life. I was there in front of him. His little eyes were just filled with tears. “I’m not wasting 10 ,” he was crying. As the tears from my eyes began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...more drops...and more. All I could say is that the rain that came that day saved our farm...just like the actions of one little boy saved the deer. 1．A．decided B．chose C．tried D．offered 2．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 3．A．asking B．sharing C．receiving D．sending 4．A．slowly B．quickly C．angrily D．carelessly 5．A．plants B．flowers C．vegetables D．woods 6．A．walked B．followed C．ran D．jumped 7．A．hungry B．thirsty C．excited D．worried 8．A．comfortable B．clear C．possible D．easy 9．A．heard B．looked C．watched D．thought 10．A．water B．time C．food D．energy Passage B The name of the redwood tree comes from its color. Redwood trees are very tall. They’re even taller than some 1 , for example, a 2-story (层) house. They’re the tallest trees of all. 2 do they grow so tall? Well, they grow as long as they live. And they 3 for a very long time. Redwood trees can live for 2,000 years! Redwood trees usually grow by the sea. The 4 there is just right for them. It’s not too cold or too 5 . There’s a lot of rain. Redwood trees grow well in rain. If you see a redwood tree, you’ll 6 that its bark (树皮) is really thick. It’s 15 to 30 cm thick. Bugs (虫子) 7 redwood bark, because it has a bad taste. The thick bark helps 8 the trees from fires, too. Redwood trees are very big, but their seeds (种子) are 9 small. A redwood seed is as small as a tomato seed. In fact, 10 redwood trees don’t come from seeds sometimes. New redwood trees can grow from the stump (树桩) of an old redwood tree. 1．A．people B．forests C．animals D．buildings 2．A．Which B．How C．Where D．When 3．A．live B．stay C．stand D．keep 4．A．air B．food C．weather D．water 5．A．cool B．hot C．wet D．dry 6．A．worry about B．call back C．make sure D．find out 7．A．dislike B．accept C．enjoy D．watch 8．A．learn B．stop C．get D．cut 9．A．yet B．ever C．pretty D．still 10．A．thin B．old C．high D．new Passage C I am Captain (船长) Henry. I’m an Englishman. In 1598, my ship got to an island in the Indian Ocean. As I arrived at this new land, I was 1 to see a strange bird—the dodo. It was a large, clumsy (笨拙的) bird that seemed so different from the birds in my homeland. At first, I was simply watching the dodos for 2 . We needed many things to live there, so we 3 the trees. We also brought our pigs, cats, and dogs. These animals ran 4 . The pigs and dogs started 5 the dodos—they were so slow. I saw my men hunting the dodos too. It was very 6 to hunt a dodo. We let our animals eat the dodo eggs, not knowing that we were slowly but surely causing (导致) the dodos to 7 from the world. Many years later, when I look at the dodos in museums, I think back to that time on the island. I feel so 8 for them. We were really 9 to do harm to them. We humans, have the power to change the world, but we should also be more careful and respectful (尊敬的) to the animals and plants that 61 the earth. I wish no more lives will die out as the dodos. 1．A．lovely B．shocked C．busy D．dead 2．A．food B．fun C．show D．adventure 3．A．cut down B．filled with C．flew away D．looked up 4．A．less and less B．left and right C．here and there D．front and back 5．A．touching B．feeding C．missing D．hunting 6．A．difficult B．short C．long D．easy 7．A．die out B．turn to C．stand up D．take off 8．A．happy B．polite C．sorry D．nervous 9．A．wrong B．popular C．right D．happy 10．A．share B．breathe C．shine D．hug 三、任务型阅读 Passage A 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 For 234 years, as the national animal, the bald eagle (秃鹰) has been an official symbol of the US. But in May, 2016, President Barack Obama signed a law, naming the bison (野牛) the national animal, too. Since then, the eagle has had to share its perch (至高无上的地位). The North American bison has been a symbol of the West. No other native animal tells America’s story better. It’s a symbol of power, Native American culture, and the Western communities. Bison provided food and clothing. Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life. That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for food. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal (非法的) to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America. Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison. Native American tribes (部落) and locals also joined the fight. By the mid-1930s, bison were no longer in danger. Today, there are about 500,000 North American bison. They live in all 50 states. Only about 30,000 of those animals are living as truly wild bison. Others live on protected lands or in zoos. 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成下列问题。 1．When did the bison become the national animal of the US? 2．What did bison provide for native American communities? 3．Why did people hunt bison in the mid-1800s? 4．How many wild bison remained in America by the early 1900s? 5．What can we learn from the story of the bison? Passage B Farming seems to be an old way of living. But now, farms are coming to modern buildings and you can even see them on a balcony (阳台). According to an e-commerce website (电子商务网站), the sales of vegetable seeds (种子) in the first season were twice as many as the same season last year. Of all the people who buy seeds, most were born after 1995. Zhang Chao, 17, is one of the young “city farmers”. The senior high student said his love for growing vegetables came from the days when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. “Spending his whole life as a farmer, my grandpa liked to grow vegetables in our garden when he was older,” Zhang said, “I also learned from him to grow my own vegetables on my balcony, and it brought me good memories (记忆).” Unlike Zhang, Yang Jing from a university thinks differently. “I have too much homework every day. I always thought my boring life never ended. But when I saw the balcony idea from a website, my life changed! I started planting vegetables on my balcony one year ago. I got most of the seeds from my friends, but didn’t know what kind of plant seeds they were. So I just planted them and waited patiently. Half a year later my balcony became a small beautiful garden. “Now, every time I spend long hours on homework, I would like to walk to my balcony to relax,” said Yang. Now, planting on a balcony is welcomed by more and more young people. As a teenager, would you like to have a try? 1．Were most people who bought seeds in the first season born after 1995? 2．When did Zhang Chao begin to love growing? 3．Where did Yang get the idea of planting? 4．According to the passage, why do young people love planting on balconies? 5．Do you think planting on a balcony is a good idea for students like Zhang and Yang? Why or why not? Passage C The Arctic is the northernmost place in the world. It is one of the world’s coldest places in winter. It is difficult for most animals to live there. But a few animals have their ways of living in the cold world. Arctic foxes are one of those animals. Arctic foxes have thick white fur in the winter months. The thick fur helps them to stand the cold in winter. Their long tails (尾巴) are also very thick. When Arctic foxes sleep, they will put their tails around their bodies to stay warm. And their white fur makes it difficult for other animals to find them in the snow world. There is an interesting fact that Arctic foxes’ fur is not always white. When the weather gets warmer, Arctic foxes have less need to stay warm and keep away from dangers than they do in winter. So, in the summer their thick white fur gets thinner and becomes brown. To get through the winter months, Arctic foxes need to eat a lot of food. They have very sensitive (灵敏的) ears and noses. These help them to find small animals under the snow easily. However, things are terrible sometimes. If Arctic foxes can’t find enough food or the weather is very terrible, they can slow down their metabolism (新陈代谢) and stay in their snow homes for up to two weeks. 1．What’s the weather like in the Arctic in winter? 2．What plays an important role in helping Arctic foxes to get through the winter? 3．What helps Arctic foxes a lot in finding enough food in the winter months? 4．How long can Arctic foxes stay in their snow homes if the weather is very terrible? 5．What do you think makes the Arctic a wonderful place? What other animals do you know live in the Arctic? $ Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals话题阅读任务单 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals话题定位 本单元围绕“神奇的动植物”这一主题展开，该主题与课标“人与自然”主题范畴中的子话题“不同地区的生态特征与自然景观；热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”密切相关。通过前几个单元的学习，学生已初步掌握描述人物特征与事物属性的语言能力，能够运用比较级和最高级进行对比与评价。本单元将视角从“人际交往”和“社会生活”转向“自然世界”，引导学生认识动植物的神奇特征与重要价值，探究动植物与人类的紧密联系，培养保护动植物、维护生态平衡的意识。因此，本单元主要帮助学生学会用英语描述动植物的属性与特征，掌握形容词和副词的最高级形式，并在探究自然奥秘的过程中感悟生命的伟大与生态的脆弱。本单元的大问题“What makes plants and animals amazing?”启发学生从“神奇特征”“生态价值”“人与自然的关系”三个维度思考自然的奥秘与保护的意义。Section A和Section B分别以“What can plants and animals do?”和“How are plants and animals connected with us?”两个引导性问题架构板块内容，并层层深入，指向单元大问题的回答。Section A首先呈现动植物知识测试和竹子文化讨论等真实情境，让学生通过听说活动学会运用形容词最高级（如the largest, the fastest, the most useful等）描述动植物的独特特征，并了解竹子在中国文化中的象征意义。Section B的阅读语篇以蜜蜂的重要性为核心，从“作用—价值—特征—问题”的逻辑展开，引导学生系统理解动植物与生态系统的关系，辩证思考“动植物与人类的联系”与“如何保护生物多样性”等问题。写作环节要求学生制作动植物海报。本部分侧重探讨自然生态对个人认知发展和环保责任感培养的价值。 Passage A The Dance of the Leaves — The Magic of the Dancing Plant 导读：你见过会“跳舞”的植物吗？在亚洲的一些温暖地区，生长着一种神奇的植物——舞草。当有人在它旁边唱歌或播放音乐时，它的小叶子会像舞者一样轻轻摆动。科学家发现，这种植物对声音和触碰都有反应。它不仅是大自然赠予我们的奇妙礼物，也是激发人类探索自然奥秘的灵感源泉。让我们一起走进这种神奇植物的世界，感受大自然的无限魅力。 体裁：科普散文　 难度：★★★★　 词数：约200词 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Have you ever heard of the dancing plant? It is one of the most amazing plants in the world. When people play music or sing near it, its small leaves begin to move as if they are dancing. The dancing plant is found in some warm places in Asia. It is not as tall as bamboo, but it is still very special. Its leaves can move faster than most other plants. Scientists say that it reacts to sound and touch. When you touch its leaves gently, they will close slowly. It almost looks as if the plant is shy! Some people like to keep it at home because it is fun to watch. When the sun goes down, its leaves fold together as if the plant is going to sleep. In the morning, they open again to welcome the new day. It is one of the most interesting gifts that nature has given us. This plant shows us that even the quietest living things can surprise us. Nature is full of wonders, and there are still so many secrets waiting to be discovered. As long as we stay curious and keep exploring, we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world. 【重难生词】 1. react v. 反应；回应 例句：Plants react to light by growing towards it.（植物通过朝光生长来对光做出反应。） 2. gently adv. 温柔地；轻轻地 例句：She gently touched the baby‘s face.（她轻轻地抚摸婴儿的脸。） 3. shy adj. 害羞的；羞怯的 例句：The little girl is too shy to speak in public.（小女孩太害羞了，不敢在公共场合说话。） 4. fold v. 折叠；合拢 例句：He folded the letter and put it in the envelope.（他把信折好放进信封。） 5. wonder n. 奇迹；惊奇 例句：The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.（长城是世界奇迹之一。） 6. discover v. 发现 例句：Scientists discovered a new species in the rainforest.（科学家在雨林中发现了一个新物种。） 7. curious adj. 好奇的 例句：Children are naturally curious about the world.（孩子们天生对世界充满好奇。） 8. explore v. 探索 例句：We explored the cave with a flashlight.（我们拿着手电筒探索了那个洞穴。） 9. secret n. 秘密 例句：The ocean holds many secrets.（海洋藏着许多秘密。） 10. living things 短语 生物；有生命的东西 例句：All living things need water and air.（所有生物都需要水和空气。） 【小练习】（从上方生词中选择合适的词填空）： 1. Plants can __________ to music and touch. 2. When you touch the dancing plant’s leaves __________, they will close slowly. 3. The plant’s leaves __________ together at night as if it is going to sleep. 4. Nature is full of __________, and there are still many secrets to be discovered. 5. Children are naturally __________ about the world around them. 参考答案：1. react　2. gently　3. fold　4. wonders　5. curious 【长难句分析】 第1句： When people play music or sing near it, its small leaves begin to move as if they are dancing. · 翻译： 当人们在它旁边播放音乐或唱歌时，它的小叶子就会开始移动，仿佛在跳舞一样。 · 重点： 这是一个主从复合句。When people play music or sing near it 是时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。主句为 its small leaves begin to move，主语 its small leaves 是复数，谓语用 begin to move。as if they are dancing 是 as if 引导的方式状语从句，意为“仿佛；好像”，用现在进行时描述正在进行的动作。as if 是本文的高频结构，用来赋予植物以人的特征，增强表达的生动性。 第2句： As long as we stay curious and keep exploring, we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world. · 翻译： 只要我们保持好奇、不断探索，我们就会继续在自然界中发现令人惊叹的事物。 · 重点： 这是一个主从复合句。As long as 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于 so long as，表示前提条件。从句中 stay curious 和 keep exploring 是两个并列的谓语，stay 后接形容词 curious 作表语，keep doing 表示“持续做某事”。主句为 we will continue to find amazing things in the natural world，其中 continue to do sth. 意为“继续做某事”。整句话是全文的主旨句，将“保持好奇”与“发现自然奇迹”联系起来，呼应了单元大问题“What makes plants and animals amazing?”——自然的奇妙需要我们用好奇的心去探索和发现。 【中文翻译】 你听说过会跳舞的植物吗？它是世界上最神奇的植物之一。当人们在它旁边播放音乐或唱歌时，它的小叶子就会开始移动，仿佛在跳舞一样。 舞草生长在亚洲一些温暖的地方。它没有竹子那么高，但仍然非常特别。它的叶子比其他大多数植物动得更快。科学家说，它对声音和触碰有反应。当你轻轻触碰它的叶子时，它们会慢慢合拢。它看起来几乎像是在害羞！ 有些人喜欢把它养在家里，因为它看起来很有趣。当太阳落下时，它的叶子会合在一起，仿佛要睡觉了。到了早晨，它们又张开，迎接新的一天。它是大自然给予我们的最有趣的礼物之一。 这种植物向我们展示了，即使是最安静的生命也能给我们带来惊喜。大自然充满了奇迹，还有许许多多的秘密等待被发现。只要我们保持好奇、不断探索，我们就会继续在自然界中发现令人惊叹的事物。 Passage B The Tree of Life — The Baobab‘s Amazing Survival Story 导读：在非洲炎热干旱的大草原上，生长着一种奇特的树——猴面包树。它的树干像一个巨大的瓶子，能在雨季储存上千加仑的水，帮助自己和当地人度过漫长的旱季。它的果实可以吃，树皮可以做纸和布，老树洞甚至能住人。它是非洲人民心中当之无愧的“生命之树”。这种树告诉我们：生命的力量在于适应环境、默默付出。让我们一起来认识这棵世界上最坚韧的树。 体裁：经典纪实散文　 难度：★★★★　 词数：约215词 The baobab tree is one of the strangest-looking trees in the world. It grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its nickname “Bottle Tree”, it looks like a huge bottle standing upside down. Some baobab trees grow as tall as a sixteen-floor building. During the dry season, these trees stand without leaves and look like bare trunks sticking up into the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then beautiful white flowers come out. Later, the flowers turn into fruit. The baobab is called “the tree of life” because it can live longer than 1,000 years. In the dry land, it can pull in and hold up to 1,000 gallons of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, called monkey bread, is good to eat. The leaves are used as medicine. People can use the bark to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes hollow. An old tree can hold many people inside. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a useful tree that some people could hardly live without it. The baobab teaches us an important lesson: even in the hardest places, life finds a way. It stores what it needs, shares what it has, and stands strong for hundreds of years. Isn’t that what we should all try to do? 【重难生词】 1. bare adj. 光秃秃的；裸露的 例句：The trees are bare in winter.（冬天树木光秃秃的。） 2. trunk n. 树干 例句：The trunk of the old tree is very thick.（这棵老树的树干非常粗。） 3. appear v. 出现 例句：Stars appear in the sky at night.（夜晚星星出现在天空中。） 4. store v. 储存；储藏 例句：Squirrels store nuts for the winter.（松鼠为冬天储存坚果。） 5. bark n. 树皮 例句：The bark of this tree is used as medicine.（这种树的树皮被用作药材。） 6. hollow adj. 空的；中空的 例句：The old tree trunk is hollow inside.（老树干里面是空的。） 7. local adj. 当地的；本地的 例句：We asked the local people for directions.（我们向当地人问路。） 8. hardly adv. 几乎不 例句：I could hardly believe my eyes.（我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。） 9. lesson n. 教训；道理 例句：The story teaches us a valuable lesson.（这个故事教给我们一个宝贵的道理。） 10. stand strong 短语 坚定地屹立；坚强不屈 例句：The old tree stood strong through many storms.（这棵老树在许多风暴中坚强屹立。） 【小练习】（从上方生词中选择合适的词填空）： 1. In the dry season, baobab trees look like __________ trunks. 2. The baobab can __________ up to 1,000 gallons of water. 3. People use the __________ of the baobab tree to make paper or cloth. 4. When the tree gets old, its trunk becomes __________. 5. The baobab teaches us an important __________ about life. 参考答案：1. bare　2. store　3. bark　4. hollow　5. lesson 【长难句分析】 第1句： It is such a useful tree that some people could hardly live without it. · 翻译： 它是如此有用的一棵树，有些人几乎离不开它。 · 重点： 这是一个 such... that... 结构引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。such 修饰名词短语 a useful tree，that 引导结果状语从句。从句中 could hardly live without it 使用了 hardly（几乎不）与 without 构成双重否定，加强了肯定语气，意为“几乎无法离开它”。such... that... 与 so... that... 的区别在于：such 后接名词短语，so 后接形容词或副词。 第2句： It stores what it needs, shares what it has, and stands strong for hundreds of years. · 翻译： 它储存自己所需，分享自己所有，坚定地屹立数百年。 · 重点： 这是一个并列谓语结构，主语 It 后接三个并列的谓语动词：stores、shares 和 stands。前两个动词后各接一个 what 引导的宾语从句：what it needs（它需要的东西）和 what it has（它拥有的东西）。what 在从句中分别作 needs 和 has 的宾语，相当于 the things that。stands strong 中 strong 作主语补足语，说明主语的状态。整句话用排比手法（储存—分享—屹立）概括了猴面包树的生命智慧，是全文的主题句，呼应单元大问题——是什么让动植物如此“amazing”：不仅是它们的神奇特征，更是它们在极端环境中展现的生命力量与奉献精神。 【中文翻译】 猴面包树是世界上最奇特的树木之一。它生长在非洲和澳大利亚。就像它的绰号“瓶子树”一样，它看起来像一个倒立着的巨大瓶子。 有些猴面包树长得有十六层楼那么高。在旱季，这些树光秃秃地站在那里，看起来像裸露的树干直插空中。但当雨季来临时，叶子出现了，然后美丽的白花绽放了。之后，花朵变成了果实。 猴面包树被称为“生命之树”，因为它能活一千多年。在干旱的土地上，它能吸收并储存多达一千加仑的水。口渴的人们可以喝储存在树里的水。它的果实叫猴面包，很好吃。叶子可以入药。人们可以用树皮造纸或做布。 当猴面包树变老时，它的树干会变空。一棵老树里面能容纳很多人。当地人常常在这些树干里建造房屋。它是如此有用的一棵树，有些人几乎离不开它。 猴面包树教会我们一个重要道理：即使在最艰难的地方，生命也能找到出路。它储存自己所需，分享自己所有，坚定地屹立数百年。这不正是我们所有人都应该努力去做的吗？ 一、阅读理解 Passage A Penguins are fun to watch as they move around. They are stars of kids’ books and movies. They live and love to play on the ice. Some of them are large, and some are small. January 20 is Penguin Awareness Day, which helps us know the following fun facts about penguins. Penguins are birds highly adapted to life in the water. They are good swimmers and their wings have developed into flippers (鳍). Most penguins swim underwater at around four to seven miles per hour. Penguins do not have teeth. But then again, no birds have teeth. Penguins can rip up (撕碎) their food because the top of their mouths is filled with serrated ridges. Looking inside a penguin’s mouth can be quite scary. People may think all penguins live in cold places. ________ Some live in warmer climates like the coast of Australia and New Zealand. As a rule, all penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球). But there is one exception. The Galapagos penguin lives on the Galapagos Islands that straddle (跨越) the equator. Penguins are usually black and white. Their backs are black and their stomachs are white. This coloring actually protects them from the animals that feed on them while they are swimming in the sea. When seen from under the water, a white stomach blends in (融合) with the sunlight. 1．What do the underlined words “adapted to” mean in Chinese? A．摆脱 B．质疑 C．适应 D．破坏 2．Which of the following sentences can be put in the “ ________”? A．That is not the case. B．Scientists still don’t know the fact. C．But one thing is sure-they are all cute. D．Penguins sometimes do not move for months. 3．What can we know about the color of penguins? A．It makes them look beautiful. B．It keeps them warm greatly. C．It stops them from being eaten. D．It helps them be seen easily. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本篇短文属于说明文，介绍企鹅的相关趣味知识，包含企鹅的生活环境、身体特征、进食特点与体色的作用。 【详解】1．根据文中第二段第一句“Penguins are birds highly adapted to life in the water.”和第二段第二句“They are good swimmers and their wings have developed into flippers (鳍).”可知，企鹅擅长游泳，翅膀已经演变成鳍，由此可推断企鹅高度适应水中的生活，故adapted to意为“适应”。 1．根据原文第四段第一句“People may think all penguins live in cold places.”和第四段空格后一句“Some live in warmer climates like the coast of Australia and New Zealand.”可知，人们可能以为所有企鹅都生活在寒冷地区，但是有些企鹅生活在温暖的地方，说明事实并非如此。 2．根据原文第五段第三句“This coloring actually protects them from the animals that feed on them while they are swimming in the sea.”可知，企鹅的体色可以保护它们不被天敌捕食，也就是防止它们被吃掉。 3．根据原文第一段可知，第一段总起，引出下文关于企鹅的各项有趣事实；原文第二、三、四、五段分别从游泳能力、牙齿、生活地点、体色四个方面分述介绍企鹅知识。文章结构为总分结构（①总；②③④⑤分）。 Passage B Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the-rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released (发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations-American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re:wild. The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct (灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don’t know where.or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change. The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India 1877; the-Cuban-kite, last seen-in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcamba brush-finch, last seen in1968in Peru. Two expeditions (探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl（last seen in1866in Indonesia）, and the dusky tetraka（last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999）. If any of these lost species (物种)are spotted, it’s hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as-Brazil’s blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard-a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging. “These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds, ”said John C．Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy.“ But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection.” 1．Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitats change ⑤food shortage A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②③④ D．①③④⑤ 2．What does the underlined word “spotted” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Found. B．Caught. C．Discussed. D．Reported. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Among the birds on the list，Himalayan quail hasn’t been seen for the longest time. B．Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka. C．The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand. D．American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list. 4．Why are Brazil’s blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show it’s important for people to protect lost birds. B．To show it’s possible for scientists to find lost species. C．To show that the numbers of the two species are growing. D．To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2021年发布的“寻找失踪鸟类”名单，包含10种至少10年未在自然界出现的鸟类，探讨了它们消失的可能原因、具体案例以及发现后进行保护的希望。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”以及“Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live”可推知，导致鸟类灭绝或消失的原因包括狩猎、无研究、气候变化和栖息地改变，即①②③④。 2．根据文章第三段“and the dusky tetraka (last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999)”语境可知，此处指这种鸟最后一次被“发现”或“看到”是在1999年，“Found”意为“发现”。 3．根据文章第一段“The list is a joint project between three nature organizations-American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re:wild.”可推知，该名单是由包括American Bird Conservancy和BirdLife International在内的组织共同发布的，选项描述符合文意。 4．根据文章第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it’s hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard”可推知，提及这两种鸟是为了证明如果科学家找到失踪物种，是有希望保护它们并使数量增长的。 Passage C Sleep for humans almost always means there is a bed or a mat near here. Animals, however, have many different ways of sleeping. For warmth, some animals sleep in groups, such as lions, monkeys, penguins and so on. Elephants also sleep in a group, but they sleep in groups for protection. The larger elephants make a circle around the younger elephants. The larger elephants sleep standing up, while the younger ones lie down to sleep. Some animals sleep in trees. Birds will lock their feet onto a tree to keep from falling out of the tree. Other animals, like squirrels, make nests* in the trees to sleep in. Most animals look for dry places to sleep. However, ducks often sleep in water. They hold hands when they sleep in groups to keep from floating away. Most animals lie down to sleep. However, some large animals, like horses, can sleep standing up. The flamingo sleeps standing on just one leg. Most animals sleep at night, but some animals are nocturnal. Nocturnal animals sleep in   the daytime. Bats and owls are nocturnal animals. They wake up when the sun goes down. Animals sleep in many different ways. But, just like humans, every animal must sleep. *nest: a place where birds can live 1．Why do elephants sleep in groups according to the passage? A．They sleep in groups for fun. B．They sleep in groups for food. C．They sleep in groups for warmth. D．They sleep in groups for protection. 2．What does the word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Active at night. B．With eyes wide open. C．Sleep at night. D．Sleep standing up. 3．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Animals sleep at different times of night. B．Animals sleep in many different places. C．Animals’ sleeping hours are different. D．Animals sleep in many different ways. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了动物各种各样的睡觉方式。 【详解】 1．第二段指出大象群居睡觉的原因：“Elephants also sleep in a group, but they sleep in groups for protection.”，说明大象群居睡觉是为了得到保护。 2．第六段解释 nocturnal 相关内容：“Nocturnal animals sleep in the daytime. Bats and owls are nocturnal animals. They wake up when the sun goes down.”，可以推断该词表示夜间活跃。 3．文章第①段总起，点明动物有许多不同的睡眠方式；第②到第⑥段分别从不同角度介绍动物睡眠的差异；第⑦段总结全文，说明动物睡眠方式多样且都需要睡眠，全文为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项B的图示。 4．文章第七段点明主旨句：“Animals sleep in many different ways.”，说明文章主要讲述动物有许多不同的睡觉方式。 Passage D One summer, Mei, a curious 13-year-old girl, found something strange in her grandmother’s garden. Every night, the white moonflowers opened up, shining under the moonlight. But one evening, she saw a tiny bat (蝙蝠) flying near the flowers. “Grandma, why is there a bat in the garden?” Mei asked. “Ah, that’s our little helper,” her grandmother smiled. “Moonflowers open up at night, and bats pollinate them. Without bats, these flowers would disappear (消失).” Mei was very interested. She began staying up late to watch the bats. One night, she found there were fewer flowers and fewer bats. Worried, she searched online and learned that streetlights made nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals like bats hard to see clearly, making it hard for them to find food. Mei decided to help, so Mei and her grandmother turned off the garden lights at night. She also planted more moonflowers and built a small “bat house” for protection. Slowly, the bats returned. By the end of summer, the garden was filled with shining flowers and flying wings. Her science teacher, Mr Li, heard about Mei’s project. “You’ve discovered something important,” he said. “Every animal, even bats, has a role in nature. When we protect them, we protect ourselves.” Mei’s garden became a model for their school’s Eco Club. Soon, neighbours started turning off lights and planting night flowers too. Both the bats and the flowers grew well. Mei realized even small changes could make a big difference. 1．What do the bats do for the moonflowers? A．Eat their leaves. B．Pollinate them at night. C．Keep away insects. D．Help them grow taller. 2．Why did Mei decide to turn off the garden lights? A．To help the bats see. B．To save more energy. C．For brighter flowers. D．For Grandmother’s sleep. 3．What may Mr Li think of Mei’s project? A．He thought it was a waste of time. B．He liked the bats living in the garden. C．He wanted to use her idea for himself. D．He believed it taught an important lesson. 4．What can we learn from Mei’s experience? A．Small actions can lead to big changes. B．Bats are more important than flowers. C．Gardens should always be dark at night. D．Protecting animals is too difficult to do. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述女孩小梅发现路灯影响蝙蝠生存，和奶奶一起改造花园，帮助蝙蝠回归，明白了小小行动也能保护自然生态。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“bats pollinate them”可知，蝙蝠为月光花授粉。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“streetlights made… hard to see clearly”和第五段的“Mei decided to help, so Mei and her grandmother turned off the garden lights at night”可知，关灯是为了蝙蝠能够更清楚地看到月光花。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“You’ve discovered something important,”可知，李老师认为梅的项目能拯救蝙蝠，是很重要的。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mei realized even small changes could make a big difference.”可知，即使是小的行动也能产生大的影响。 二、阅读填空 Passage A 1 For example, rainforests have tall trees and colorful birds, while deserts have cacti and camels. 2 In the ocean, small fish eat plankton, and big fish eat small fish—this is called the food chain. If one part of the chain is broken, all other parts will be affected. Ecosystems are very important for our planet. Rainforests produce oxygen that we breathe, and oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the air. 3 Without healthy ecosystems, our Earth would become too hot and polluted. 4 People cut down rainforests, pollute oceans with plastic, and kill wild animals for their fur or meat. This breaks the food chain and destroys the balance of nature. For example, if people kill too many bees, many plants can't produce fruits, and animals that eat fruits will lose their food. We must work together to protect ecosystems. We can start by reducing waste, using less plastic, and planting more trees. 5 Every small action can help save our planet's ecosystems and keep nature balanced. A．They also help control the temperature of the Earth. B．But now, many of these ecosystems are in danger. C．The Earth has many different ecosystems, like rainforests, deserts and oceans. D．We can also join local activities to clean up parks and rivers. E．Each ecosystem has its own special plants and animals that depend on each other. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了地球上不同生态系统的特点；食物链的作用；生态系统的重要性；如今生态系统面临的危机以及我们保护生态系统可以采取的措施。 【详解】 1．根据后文语句“For example, rainforests have tall trees and colorful birds, while deserts have cacti and camels.”可知，后文举例介绍雨林；沙漠等不同生态系统，选项C“The Earth has many different ecosystems, like rainforests, deserts and oceans.”与此相符，该句总起全文，介绍地球上存在多种生态系统，引出下文举例。 2．根据前文举例语句“For example, rainforests have tall trees and colorful birds, while deserts have cacti and camels.”可知，前面介绍不同生态系统，选项E“Each ecosystem has its own special plants and animals that depend on each other.”与此相符，该句承接上文，说明每一个生态系统都有独有的动植物；它们彼此依存，为下文食物链内容做铺垫。 3．根据前文语句“Rainforests produce oxygen that we breathe, and oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the air.”可知，前面讲述雨林和海洋对地球的作用，选项A“They also help control the temperature of the Earth.”与此相符，该句中的“They”指代上一句的rainforests and oceans，用also引出生态系统的另一项作用。 4．根据后文语句“People cut down rainforests, pollute oceans with plastic, and kill wild animals for their fur or meat.”可知，后文介绍人类破坏生态的种种行为，选项B“But now, many of these ecosystems are in danger.”与此相符，该句转折，引出生态系统面临危险，开启下文对生态遭到破坏的描述。 5．根据前文语句“We can start by reducing waste, using less plastic, and planting more trees.”可知，前面介绍我们可以做的第一件保护行动，选项D“We can also join local activities to clean up parks and rivers.”与此相符，该句用also引出另一种保护方式，和前文并列。 Passage B 选择合适的选项完成短文（有一项是多余的）。 Tomatoes are very popular in the world. We use them in many dishes and soups. But how much do you really know about them? In this article, we’ve put together some fun facts about tomatoes for you. 1 But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds (种子) and grow from flowering plants. Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America. 2 . There are over 7,500 kinds of tomatoes around the world. They come in different sizes. 3 But some can be up to more than 20cm across and weigh a few kilos. And tomatoes aren’t always red. They can be yellow, purple, black and even white. 4 The English word “tomato” came from the Spanish (西班牙语的) word “tomate”. And the Spanish learned the word from the Aztec language (阿兹特克语) Nahuatl “tomatl”. People not only make tomatoes into different kinds of dishes, but also hold some interesting festivals for the fruit. La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals. 5 During the festival, people throw 150,000 kilos of tomatoes at each other. What a mess (混乱)! But it sounds interesting. A．Many people think tomatoes are vegetables. B．Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls. C．Do you know how the fruit got its name? D．Today, they grow in almost every country in the world. E．They thought eating tomatoes could bring them bad luck. F．The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些关于西红柿的趣味知识，包括它的属性、起源、种类、名称由来以及相关节日。 【详解】 1．后文“But in fact, they are fruits because they have seeds…”是转折，这里是在纠正人们对西红柿属性的误解，前文应是人们普遍的看法。A选项“Many people think tomatoes are vegetables.”引出下文的纠正说明，符合语境。 2．前文指出“Tomato plants first grew in the Andes Mountains of South America.”，这里介绍了西红柿的起源地，后文应承接其现在分布的发展情况。D选项“Today, they grow in almost every country in the world.”从起源地过渡到全球分布，逻辑连贯。 3．前文提到“They come in different sizes.”和后文指出“But some can be up to more than 20 cm across and weigh a few kilos.”，这里在介绍西红柿的尺寸差异，先说明普遍情况再用转折引出特殊情况。B选项“Most tomato fruits are the same size as tennis balls.”描述了常见的西红柿尺寸，与下文的特殊尺寸形成对比，符合语境。 4．后文指出“The English word ‘tomato’ came from the Spanish word ‘tomate’. And the Spanish learned the word…”，这里详细解释了“tomato”一词的词源，前文应是引出这个话题的句子。C选项“Do you know how the fruit got its name?”以提问引出下文的词源说明，符合语境。 5．前文提到“La Tomatina in Spain is one of the most famous tomato festivals.”和后文指出“During the festival, people throw…”，这里在介绍西班牙西红柿节，空格处应补充该节日的相关信息。F选项“The festival takes place on the last Wednesday of August every year.”介绍了节日的举办时间，与上下文衔接自然。 Passage C 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you remember the public advertisement (广告) on CCTV? It’s about protecting wild animals. 1 It’s true that people kill wild animals all around the world for many reasons. 2 In the past, there was not enough food to eat. People had to kill wild animals to get food. But they always kept the younger ones so that they could get more food when they grew up. But now, some people think the meat of wild animals is more delicious than that of farmed animals. However, it is dangerous and illegal (犯法的) to eat the meat of wild animals because they may carry deadly viruses (病毒). 3 People killed wild animals for their fur and bones, too. In old times, people didn’t have enough materials to make clothes, so they made clothes with the fur of wild animals. 4 Besides, some people think the bones of wild animals can be used as medicine. In fact, scientists say it is a stupid idea. 5 If we don’t do something to protect them, they all will die one day. If this happens, we won’t live any longer because we depend on each other. A．People killed wild animals for their meat. B．But now, some people wear clothes made of fur just to show how rich they are. C．Today the number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. D．It says “No buying, no killing.” E．SARS is a terrible example. F．People can keep the wild animals in their home. G．The zoo is the best place for the wild animals. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍人类猎杀野生动物的各种原因，警示猎杀野生动物的危害，呼吁保护野生动物，因为人类和野生动物相互依存。 【详解】 1．根据前文“Do you remember the public advertisement...It’s about protecting wild animals.”可知，此处应具体说明广告的内容。选项D“It says ‘No buying, no killing.’”承接广告，符合语境。 2．本段后文主要讲述过去和现在人们为了获取食物而杀害野生动物。选项A“People killed wild animals for their meat.”作为本段主题句，能概括下文内容。 3．前文提到食用野生动物可能携带致命病毒。选项E“SARS is a terrible example.”是对前文病毒危害的具体举例支撑。 4．前文讲述过去人们因材料不足用动物皮毛做衣服。选项B“But now, some people wear clothes made of fur just to show how rich they are.”与前文形成对比，继续阐述皮毛用途的变化。 5．后文提到如果不保护它们将会灭绝。选项C“Today the number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller.”说明了当前严峻的现状，引出下文的警告。 二、完形填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We didn’t have rain for almost a month. The crops were dying. The rivers were drying. Every day, my husband 1 to get water to the fields. We would lose 2 if we couldn’t see any rain soon. However, it was on this day that I learned the true lesson of 3 . I was in the kitchen making lunch when I saw my 6-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was walking 4 , trying not to fall over. Minutes after he disappeared (消失) into the 5 , he ran back. Moments later, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for an hour—walked carefully to the woods and ran back to the house. Finally I couldn’t wait any longer and I walked out of the house and 6 him. Then I saw the most amazing thing. Several big deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground. It was terribly 7 . It lifted its head to lap up (舔) the water in my beautiful boy’s hands. When the water was gone, Billy jumped back and ran back to the house. It became quite 8 to me what my son was doing. I stood there and 9 my kind boy working so hard to save another life. I was there in front of him. His little eyes were just filled with tears. “I’m not wasting 10 ,” he was crying. As the tears from my eyes began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...more drops...and more. All I could say is that the rain that came that day saved our farm...just like the actions of one little boy saved the deer. 1．A．decided B．chose C．tried D．offered 2．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 3．A．asking B．sharing C．receiving D．sending 4．A．slowly B．quickly C．angrily D．carelessly 5．A．plants B．flowers C．vegetables D．woods 6．A．walked B．followed C．ran D．jumped 7．A．hungry B．thirsty C．excited D．worried 8．A．comfortable B．clear C．possible D．easy 9．A．heard B．looked C．watched D．thought 10．A．water B．time C．food D．energy 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述在干旱季节，作者发现儿子反复端水去树林救助一只脱水小鹿，儿子说自己没有浪费水，就在这时天降大雨拯救了农场的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：每天，我的丈夫都尽力把水送到田里。 根据前文庄稼快要枯死，丈夫努力取水浇田，try to do sth.“尽力做某事”符合语境；decide决定，choose选择，offer主动提供，都不符合干旱取水的语境。 2．句意：如果很快再不下雨，我们将会失去一切。 干旱持续，庄稼河流都干涸，不下雨就会失去所有东西，everything“一切”符合语境；something某物，anything任何东西，nothing没有东西，不符合语境。 3．句意：然而，就在这一天我学到了关于分享的真正一课。 后文儿子把珍贵的水分给小鹿喝，是分享的行为，sharing“分享”符合语境；asking询问，receiving接收，sending寄送，不符合文意。 4．句意：他走得很慢，努力不摔倒。 后文写他小心走路，捧着水，所以走得slowly“缓慢地”；quickly快速地，angrily生气地，carelessly粗心地，都不对。 5．句意：他消失在树林里几分钟后，又跑了回来。 前文提到儿子走向树林，所以是在树林里，填“woods”；plants植物，flowers花，vegetables蔬菜，不符合原文。 6．句意：最后我再也等不下去，走出房子跟着他。 作者好奇儿子的举动，出门跟随他，followed“跟随”符合语境；walked走路，ran跑，jumped跳，不能体现悄悄跟着观察的含义。 7．句意：它非常渴。 小鹿抬起头舔男孩手里的水，说明小鹿“口渴”，thirsty表示“渴的”，符合题意；hungry饥饿的，excited兴奋的，worried担忧的，不符合。 8．句意：我一下子清楚儿子正在做什么。 看到小鹿喝水，作者明白了儿子的行为，clear在这里表示“清晰、明了”；comfortable舒适的，possible可能的，easy容易的，不符。 9．句意：我站在那里，看着我善良的男孩努力拯救另一个生命。 作者站在原地观看男孩救小鹿，watched“观看（持续看）”符合语境；heard听见，looked看（后面要加at），thought认为，语法和语义不合适。 10．句意：“我没有浪费水。”他哭着说。 干旱缺水，男孩把水给小鹿，他认为自己不是在浪费“水”，water“水”与句意符合；time时间，food食物，energy能量，和故事核心缺水情节不符。 Passage B The name of the redwood tree comes from its color. Redwood trees are very tall. They’re even taller than some 1 , for example, a 2-story (层) house. They’re the tallest trees of all. 2 do they grow so tall? Well, they grow as long as they live. And they 3 for a very long time. Redwood trees can live for 2,000 years! Redwood trees usually grow by the sea. The 4 there is just right for them. It’s not too cold or too 5 . There’s a lot of rain. Redwood trees grow well in rain. If you see a redwood tree, you’ll 6 that its bark (树皮) is really thick. It’s 15 to 30 cm thick. Bugs (虫子) 7 redwood bark, because it has a bad taste. The thick bark helps 8 the trees from fires, too. Redwood trees are very big, but their seeds (种子) are 9 small. A redwood seed is as small as a tomato seed. In fact, 10 redwood trees don’t come from seeds sometimes. New redwood trees can grow from the stump (树桩) of an old redwood tree. 1．A．people B．forests C．animals D．buildings 2．A．Which B．How C．Where D．When 3．A．live B．stay C．stand D．keep 4．A．air B．food C．weather D．water 5．A．cool B．hot C．wet D．dry 6．A．worry about B．call back C．make sure D．find out 7．A．dislike B．accept C．enjoy D．watch 8．A．learn B．stop C．get D．cut 9．A．yet B．ever C．pretty D．still 10．A．thin B．old C．high D．new 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了红杉树的相关特点，它是最高的树，它们的寿命很长，它们生长在海边，那里的天气很适合它们，它们的树皮很厚，能够保护它们不受火灾的伤害，它们的种子很小。 【详解】 1．句意：它们甚至比一些建筑物还高，比如，一栋两层楼的房子。后文举例是两层楼的房子，应用buildings（建筑物）。people“人”、forests“森林”、animals“动物”都不符合语境。 2．句意：它们怎么能长得这么高呢？后文在解释红杉树是如何长这么高的，How表示“怎样、如何”，对方式提问，符合逻辑。Which“哪一个”、Where“在哪里”、When“在什么时候”都不符合语境。 3．句意：而且它们能活很长时间。后一句提到红杉树可以活2000年，对应这里说它们的寿命很长，live表示“存活、生存”，最贴合文意。stay“停留”、stand“站立”、keep“保持”都不符合语境。 4．句意：那里的天气正适合它们。后文提到“不冷也不热、雨水充足”，这些都属于天气的范畴，指海边的天气刚好适合红杉树生长，应用weather。air“空气”、food“食物”、water“水”都不符合语境。 5．句意：它既不太冷也不太热。固定搭配not too cold or too hot（不冷也不热），是描述适宜气候的常用表达，符合语境。 6．句意：如果你看到一棵红杉树，你会发现它的树皮真的很厚。根据“its bark is really thick”可知，是发现它们的树皮很厚，用find out。worry about“担心”、call back“回电话”、make sure“确保”都不符合语境。 7．句意：虫子不喜欢红杉树的树皮，因为它味道很差。后文说树皮味道很差，所以虫子不喜欢红杉树的树皮，dislike表示“不喜欢、厌恶”，符合逻辑。accept“接受”、enjoy“享受”、watch“观看”都不符合逻辑。 8．句意：厚实的树皮还能帮助树木防火。固定搭配stop…from…表示“保护/阻止……免受……伤害”，这里指厚树皮能帮助树木免受火灾的伤害，应用stop。 9．句意：红杉树非常高大，但它们的种子相当小。后文提到红杉种子和番茄籽一样小，这里用pretty（副词，意为“相当、很”）修饰small，表示“非常小”，符合用法。yet“然而”、ever“曾经”、still“仍然”都搭配不当。 10．句意：事实上，有时新的红杉树并非来自种子。后一句说新的红杉树可以从老树桩长出来，说明新的红杉树有时不一定来自种子，new对应后文的“新长出的红杉树”。thin“瘦的”、old“老的”、high“高的”都不符合逻辑。 Passage C I am Captain (船长) Henry. I’m an Englishman. In 1598, my ship got to an island in the Indian Ocean. As I arrived at this new land, I was 1 to see a strange bird—the dodo. It was a large, clumsy (笨拙的) bird that seemed so different from the birds in my homeland. At first, I was simply watching the dodos for 2 . We needed many things to live there, so we 3 the trees. We also brought our pigs, cats, and dogs. These animals ran 4 . The pigs and dogs started 5 the dodos—they were so slow. I saw my men hunting the dodos too. It was very 6 to hunt a dodo. We let our animals eat the dodo eggs, not knowing that we were slowly but surely causing (导致) the dodos to 7 from the world. Many years later, when I look at the dodos in museums, I think back to that time on the island. I feel so 8 for them. We were really 9 to do harm to them. We humans, have the power to change the world, but we should also be more careful and respectful (尊敬的) to the animals and plants that 61 the earth. I wish no more lives will die out as the dodos. 1．A．lovely B．shocked C．busy D．dead 2．A．food B．fun C．show D．adventure 3．A．cut down B．filled with C．flew away D．looked up 4．A．less and less B．left and right C．here and there D．front and back 5．A．touching B．feeding C．missing D．hunting 6．A．difficult B．short C．long D．easy 7．A．die out B．turn to C．stand up D．take off 8．A．happy B．polite C．sorry D．nervous 9．A．wrong B．popular C．right D．happy 10．A．share B．breathe C．shine D．hug 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文以亨利船长的口吻讲述渡渡鸟灭绝的故事。人类登岛后砍伐树木、带来家畜，加上人类捕猎，渡渡鸟渐渐灭绝。船长为此感到愧疚，呼吁人类爱护与我们共享地球的动植物，不要让更多物种灭绝。 【详解】 1．句意：当我来到这片新陆地，看到一种奇怪的鸟类——渡渡鸟，我很震惊。 看到奇怪的东西，应是震惊的，shocked符合语境。lovely“可爱的”；busy“忙碌的”；dead“死亡的”不符合语境。 2．句意：一开始，我只是观察渡渡鸟来取乐。 for fun“取乐”，符合观察的最初目的。food“食物”；show“演出”；adventure“冒险”不符合语境。 3．句意：我们需要很多物资在这儿生存，所以我们砍伐树木。 cut down“砍伐”，符合此处砍伐树木的语境。filled with“充满”；flew away“飞走”；looked up“查阅，抬头看”与树木搭配不当。 4．句意：这些动物到处乱跑。 根据后文猪和狗捕杀渡渡鸟的语境可知，此处指它们到处乱跑，here and there符合语境。less and less“越来越少”；left and right“左右”；front and back“前后”语义不符。 5．句意：猪和狗开始捕猎渡渡鸟，渡渡鸟行动非常缓慢。 根据后文“I saw my men hunting the dodos too.”可知，此处指猪、狗捕杀渡渡鸟，原词复现，hunting符合语境。touching“触摸”；feeding“喂养”；missing“想念”与后文内容不符。 6．句意：我看见我的船员也捕猎渡渡鸟。捕猎渡渡鸟十分容易。 前文说渡渡鸟行动非常缓慢，因此捕猎它们很容易，easy“容易的”符合语境。difficult“困难的”；short“短的”；long“长的”不符合语境。 7．句意：我们放任动物吃掉渡渡鸟蛋，不知道我们正慢慢实实在在地让渡渡鸟从地球上灭绝。 根据后文“I wish no more lives will die out as the dodos.”可知，渡渡鸟已经灭绝，die out“灭绝”符合语境。turn to“转向”；stand up“站起来”；take off“起飞，脱掉”语义不符。 8．句意：很多年后，当我在博物馆看到渡渡鸟标本，回想起岛上那段时光，我为它们感到十分惋惜。 前文说到渡渡鸟已经灭绝，说明作者对此是感到惋惜的，sorry符合语境。happy“开心的”；polite“礼貌的”；nervous“紧张的”不符合语境。 9．句意：我们伤害它们，真的做错了。 捕杀渡渡鸟，放任动物吃掉渡渡鸟蛋，这些行为都是错误的，wrong符合语境。popular“受欢迎的”；right“正确的”；happy“开心的”不符合逻辑。 10．句意：我们人类拥有改变世界的力量，但我们也应该更加谨慎，尊重和我们共享地球的动植物。 人与动植物都处在地球上，因此是共享，share符合语境。breathe“呼吸”；shine“发光”；hug“拥抱”不符合语境。 三、任务型阅读 Passage A 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 For 234 years, as the national animal, the bald eagle (秃鹰) has been an official symbol of the US. But in May, 2016, President Barack Obama signed a law, naming the bison (野牛) the national animal, too. Since then, the eagle has had to share its perch (至高无上的地位). The North American bison has been a symbol of the West. No other native animal tells America’s story better. It’s a symbol of power, Native American culture, and the Western communities. Bison provided food and clothing. Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life. That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for food. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal (非法的) to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America. Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison. Native American tribes (部落) and locals also joined the fight. By the mid-1930s, bison were no longer in danger. Today, there are about 500,000 North American bison. They live in all 50 states. Only about 30,000 of those animals are living as truly wild bison. Others live on protected lands or in zoos. 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成下列问题。 1．When did the bison become the national animal of the US? 2．What did bison provide for native American communities? 3．Why did people hunt bison in the mid-1800s? 4．How many wild bison remained in America by the early 1900s? 5．What can we learn from the story of the bison? 【答案】1．In May, 2016 2．Food and clothing. 3．For food and sport. 4．Fewer than 1,5. 6．It’s important to protect wild animals.（合理即可） 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国国兽野牛的历史。 【详解】 1．文章第一段第二句明确写道：“in May, 2016, President Barack Obama signed a law, naming the bison the national animal, too.”所以时间是May, 2016。 2．文章第二段第四句指出：“Bison provided food and clothing.”可知野牛提供食物和衣物。 3．文章第三段第三、四句说明：“Some hunted for food. But others killed bison for sport.”可知猎杀野牛为的是食物但也是一种运动。 4．文章第三段最后一句写道：“By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America.”可知数量不到1000头。 5．文章第四段讲述了人们成立协会、部落和当地人共同努力，使野牛在20世纪30年代中期脱离濒危状态。这告诉我们，拯救濒危野生动物的重要性。 Passage B Farming seems to be an old way of living. But now, farms are coming to modern buildings and you can even see them on a balcony (阳台). According to an e-commerce website (电子商务网站), the sales of vegetable seeds (种子) in the first season were twice as many as the same season last year. Of all the people who buy seeds, most were born after 1995. Zhang Chao, 17, is one of the young “city farmers”. The senior high student said his love for growing vegetables came from the days when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. “Spending his whole life as a farmer, my grandpa liked to grow vegetables in our garden when he was older,” Zhang said, “I also learned from him to grow my own vegetables on my balcony, and it brought me good memories (记忆).” Unlike Zhang, Yang Jing from a university thinks differently. “I have too much homework every day. I always thought my boring life never ended. But when I saw the balcony idea from a website, my life changed! I started planting vegetables on my balcony one year ago. I got most of the seeds from my friends, but didn’t know what kind of plant seeds they were. So I just planted them and waited patiently. Half a year later my balcony became a small beautiful garden. “Now, every time I spend long hours on homework, I would like to walk to my balcony to relax,” said Yang. Now, planting on a balcony is welcomed by more and more young people. As a teenager, would you like to have a try? 1．Were most people who bought seeds in the first season born after 1995? 2．When did Zhang Chao begin to love growing? 3．Where did Yang get the idea of planting? 4．According to the passage, why do young people love planting on balconies? 5．Do you think planting on a balcony is a good idea for students like Zhang and Yang? Why or why not? 【答案】1．Yes, they were. 2．When he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. 3．From a website. 4．To relax and bring good memories. 5．Yes, because it’s relaxing and teaches patience./No, because students have no time for it. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人喜欢在阳台种植蔬菜的现象及其背后的原因。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段中的“Of all the people who buy seeds, most were born after 1995.”可知，在所有购买种子的人中，大多数是1995年以后出生的，因此，此处是对be动词were引导的问句进行肯定回答，其结构是“Yes, 主语+were.”答语中代替“people”，主语用they。 2．根据文章第三段中的“The senior high student said his love for growing vegetables came from the days when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside.”可知，他开始热爱种植是当他和爷爷住在乡下的时候。 3．根据文章第六段中的“But when I saw the balcony idea from a website, my life changed!”可知，杨从一个网站上得到了种植的想法。 4．根据文章第四段中的“I also learned from him to grow my own vegetables on my balcony, and it brought me good memories (记忆).”和第七段中的“Now, every time I spend long hours on homework, I would like to walk to my balcony to relax”可知，年轻人喜欢阳台种植的原因是为了放松并带来美好的记忆。 5．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，结合文章内容及自己的实际想法作答即可。可结合文章第四段中的“I also learned from him to grow my own vegetables on my balcony, and it brought me good memories (记忆).”和第七段中的“Now, every time I spend long hours on homework, I would like to walk to my balcony to relax”提到的放松和带来美好记忆等优点，给出肯定回答；也可以根据自己的想法给出否定回答，比如，学生们作业负担重，没有时间等。 Passage C The Arctic is the northernmost place in the world. It is one of the world’s coldest places in winter. It is difficult for most animals to live there. But a few animals have their ways of living in the cold world. Arctic foxes are one of those animals. Arctic foxes have thick white fur in the winter months. The thick fur helps them to stand the cold in winter. Their long tails (尾巴) are also very thick. When Arctic foxes sleep, they will put their tails around their bodies to stay warm. And their white fur makes it difficult for other animals to find them in the snow world. There is an interesting fact that Arctic foxes’ fur is not always white. When the weather gets warmer, Arctic foxes have less need to stay warm and keep away from dangers than they do in winter. So, in the summer their thick white fur gets thinner and becomes brown. To get through the winter months, Arctic foxes need to eat a lot of food. They have very sensitive (灵敏的) ears and noses. These help them to find small animals under the snow easily. However, things are terrible sometimes. If Arctic foxes can’t find enough food or the weather is very terrible, they can slow down their metabolism (新陈代谢) and stay in their snow homes for up to two weeks. 1．What’s the weather like in the Arctic in winter? 2．What plays an important role in helping Arctic foxes to get through the winter? 3．What helps Arctic foxes a lot in finding enough food in the winter months? 4．How long can Arctic foxes stay in their snow homes if the weather is very terrible? 5．What do you think makes the Arctic a wonderful place? What other animals do you know live in the Arctic? 【答案】1．It is one of the world’s coldest places in winter. 2．Their thick fur and long tails. 3．Their sensitive ears and noses. 4．For up to two weeks. 5．Different and special plants and animals make the Arctic a wonderful place. Polar bears, musk oxen and walruses. (答案不唯一, 合理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了北极地区严酷的自然环境，以及北极狐如何通过身体特征、毛发变化和行为习惯来适应并存活于这片寒冷世界。 【详解】 1．第一段明确指出北极是世界上最冷的地方之一“It is one of the world’s coldest places in winter”，因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．第二段详细描述了北极狐厚厚的白色毛发（thick white fur）和厚实的尾巴（long tails）在冬季保暖和伪装中的重要作用，这两者共同帮助它们度过冬天。因此答案为原文信息的整合。 3．第三段明确指出北极狐拥有非常灵敏的耳朵和鼻子“They have very sensitive ears and noses. These help them to find small animals under the snow easily.”，这些感官帮助它们找到食物，是原文中的具体表述，直接提取。 4．第三段末尾提到在天气非常恶劣时，北极狐可以在雪窝里待上长达两周“stay in their snow homes for up to two weeks”，这是原文中的明确数字信息，直接提取。 5．开放题，答案不唯一。需结合文章提到北极的寒冷环境以及动物独特的适应能力，表明观点并给出其他北极动物例子（如北极熊、麝牛、海象等）即可，合理皆可得分。 $