专题03 动词ing作主语（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期外研版

专题04 动词-ing形式作主语 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 语法功能 / 考点二 主谓一致 / 考点三 形式主语it 考点四 否定与被动 / 考点五 逻辑主语 / 考点六 doing与to do 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦“动词-ing形式作主语”，常通过语法填空、单项选择、长难句主干分析和写作句式转换进行考查。基础题重在识别动名词短语及其谓语单复数；进阶题侧重形式主语it、否定式、被动式、复合结构和语境中的doing / to do选择。解题关键是先明确空格在句中的位置和功能，再判断动作意义及逻辑主语。 识记 掌握动名词作主语的基本形式及常见位置；识记单个动名词短语的主谓一致、It is no use / no good doing和It is a waste of time doing等句型。 理解 辨析动名词与进行时中的现在分词；识别否定式、被动式和逻辑主语；理解并列动名词作主语时主谓一致的语义依据。 应用 能在语法填空中判断-ing作主语及动词形式；能分析长句主干；能在书面表达中用动名词复合结构准确表达抽象行为和观点。 解题路径：先找谓语 → 判断-ing短语是否作主语 → 查主谓一致 → 再看否定、被动与逻辑主语。 考点一 动词-ing作主语：功能与位置 1. 动词-ing形式具有名词性质，作主语时称为动名词；既可单独出现，也可带宾语、状语等构成短语，常表示一般性、经常性或抽象意义的活动或行为。 Protecting wetlands requires long-term effort. Reading research papers regularly improves scientific literacy. 上述划线部分在句中充当主语；谓语分别是requires和improves。动名词兼有动词性质，仍可带自己的宾语。 ⚠️概念辨析 The researchers are recording the results. 中recording是进行时谓语的一部分；Recording the results takes patience. 中Recording the results才是动名词主语。 考点二 主谓一致：单个行为与并列行为 2. 一个动名词或动名词短语作主语通常看作单数；两个并列动名词若分别表示两项独立活动，谓语一般用复数，若合指一个整体，则可能用单数。 Checking facts before sharing news helps prevent misinformation. Collecting samples and analysing them are two different stages. 判定不能仅靠看到and：强调两项不同的活动时用复数；强调一个组合活动或统一过程时可用单数。一定结合句意。 ⚠️避坑指南 不要把短语内部的复数名词当作主语中心：Learning new skills takes time. 真正主语是Learning new skills，skills不决定谓语的数。 考点三 it作形式主语：固定评价句型 3. 常用句型：It is no use / no good + doing；It is a waste of time + doing。其中it是形式主语，后置的动名词短语是真正主语。 It is no use complaining without taking action. It is a waste of time arguing about facts without checking them. 同类表达：There is no point (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事毫无意义”。写作中可用于提出观点、评价行为。 ⚠️易混易错 并非所有“It is＋形容词”都接doing。It is important to check the source. 通常用不定式，不能机械写成It is important checking the source。 考点四 否定式与被动式作主语 4. 动名词的否定式通常为not doing；被动式为being done。先辨“做/不做”，再辨逻辑主语是施动者还是受动者。 Not following safety rules can put everyone at risk. Being judged only by exam scores can be discouraging. 在正式语篇中，若强调动作先于谓语，还可使用having done / having been done，但须依具体语义判断，切忌一见过去时间就一律使用完成式。 ⚠️高频避坑 Not being invited与not inviting含义不同：前者“没有被邀请”，后者“没有邀请别人”。动名词作主语时也要判断主动、被动关系。 考点五 动名词复合结构：谁来执行动作 5. 当需要明确动名词动作的执行者时，可用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格＋doing组成复合结构，在句中整体作主语。正式书面语常用所有格形式。 Her asking thoughtful questions improved the discussion. The team's ignoring the warnings delayed the project. Her与the team's分别指出动作的执行者；整个动名词复合结构作主语，不要误把Her或the team's当成独立主语。 ⚠️概念辨析 动名词也可有完成式：The team's having ignored the warning signs caused serious delays. 该结构强调忽视警告早于延期发生；期中复习优先掌握普通式。 考点六 doing与to do作主语：语义决定形式 6. doing作主语常表示一般性、习惯性或抽象意义的活动；to do作主语常用于较具体或有待实现的动作。但这只是常见倾向，不是绝对互斥规则。 Reading widely helps students develop independent thinking. To finish the report by tomorrow will require careful planning. 高考命题通过语义限制选形：需同时核查搭配与整句意思。写作时可用动名词短语开头，避免通篇使用It is ...；但It is necessary to do通常与不定式搭配。 ⚠️记忆口诀 “动名词能带宾语；单项行为谓语单；not / being先看义；并列多项辨整体；it的句型记搭配。” 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单项选择（1—5题，每题只有一个最佳答案） 1．______ primary sources before accepting a claim helps students avoid misinformation. A．Check B．Checked C．Checking D．To checking 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作主语。句意：在接受一项说法前核查原始资料，有助于学生避免错误信息。空格引导的短语充当全句主语，强调一般性活动，应填Checking。A项原形动词不能直接作陈述句主语，D项结构错误。故选C。 2．Keeping a clear record of each experiment ______ researchers identify errors later. A．help B．helps C．helping D．are helped 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词短语作主语时的主谓一致。Keeping a clear record of each experiment为一项整体行为，通常视为单数；此处陈述一般事实，用一般现在时单数helps。故选B。 3．It is no use ______ the same explanation if the audience cannot follow the basic idea. A．repeat B．repeating C．to repeat D．repeated 【答案】B 【解析】考查形式主语it结构。It is no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”，it是形式主语，repeating the same explanation是真正主语。不可把一般的It is important to do结构直接套用。故选B。 4．______ solely by their test results can make students feel that their other strengths are being ignored. A．Evaluating B．Having evaluated C．Being evaluated D．To evaluating 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词的被动式作主语。学生与evaluate构成逻辑上的动宾关系，并且句意强调“被评价”，应用being done结构，即Being evaluated。A项为主动，缺少所评价的宾语；故选C。 5．______ sources carefully and ______ the findings clearly are two separate stages of the project. A．Check / presenting B．Checking / presenting C．Checked / present D．Checking / presented 【答案】B 【解析】考查并列动名词短语作主语。查验资料与展示成果是两个不同的工作阶段，两个-ing短语并列，谓语用are与之呼应。两个空都用动名词，故选B。 二、语法填空（6—10题，根据语境填括号内动词的正确形式） 6．______ (learn) to distinguish reliable information from rumors requires patience. 【答案】Learning 【解析】考查动名词作主语。Learning to distinguish ...是整个句子的主语，后接单数谓语requires；句首首字母大写，故填Learning。 7．Not ______ (follow) basic safety rules may put the entire group at risk. 【答案】following 【解析】考查动名词的否定式。否定整个行为使用not doing，Not following ...构成主语；题干已有Not，故只填following。 8．______ (invite) to take part in a scientific discussion can build students' confidence. 【答案】Being invited 【解析】考查动名词被动式作主语。invite与受邀请的学生构成被动关系，表示“受邀参加讨论这一经历”，应用being invited；句首首字母大写，故填Being invited。 9．______ (collect) evidence and ______ (interpret) it are two different tasks. 【答案】Collecting; interpreting 【解析】考查两个并列动名词主语。collect evidence与interpret it是两项独立任务，故谓语用are；两个空分别填Collecting、interpreting。 10．It is a waste of time ______ (argue) about details before agreeing on the research question. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查it作形式主语的常见搭配。It is a waste of time doing sth.表示“做某事浪费时间”；真正主语为arguing about details ...，故填arguing。 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、高考真题（1—2题，保留原题和选项） 1．【2019年天津卷·单项填空第4题原题】 ______ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词作主语。空格至critically构成整个句子的主语，表示学习批判性思维这一一般性活动，使用Learning；A项动词原形不能直接作主语，B项过去分词不符合结构，D项完成式having learned表示先行完成，不符合语境。故选C。 2．【2011年全国新课标卷·单项填空第23题原题】 Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. A．made B．is making C．makes D．has made 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词作主语与一般现在时。Planning so far ahead整体作主语，表示“过早规划这种行为”，视为单数；句子表述现在的一般判断，谓语使用makes。so far修饰ahead，意为“如此之远”，不是现在完成时的时间标志。故选C。 二、原创语篇语法填空（3—7题，每空填动词的正确形式） A student-led project set out to cut food waste at school. At first, 3. ______ (persuade) classmates to pay attention to leftovers seemed difficult. The team soon discovered that 4. ______ (measure) daily waste was more persuasive than simply giving orders. They divided the work: 5. ______ (collect) reliable data and 6. ______ (present) the findings clearly were two distinct responsibilities. For each volunteer, 7. ______ (assign) a specific role by the project leader made it easier to stay involved. After two weeks, not seeing immediate improvement no longer discouraged the group; instead, they adjusted their approach based on the evidence. 【答案与解析】 3. persuading 考查动名词作主语。空格至classmates ... leftovers构成主语，动作具有一般性；位于At first之后，故填persuading。 4. measuring 考查动名词作主语。that引导宾语从句，其内部主语是measuring daily waste，谓语为was；故填measuring。 5. collecting 考查并列动名词主语。collecting reliable data是第一项任务，与后面的presenting ...并列；冒号后并非祈使句，故填collecting。 6. presenting 考查并列动名词主语。presenting the findings clearly是第二项独立工作，两个并列动名词短语对应复数谓语were；故填presenting。 7. being assigned 考查动名词被动式。每位志愿者“被项目负责人分配”任务，assign与volunteer是逻辑被动关系，故填being assigned。 三、综合运用（8—10题） 8．【单句改错】找出并改正唯一一处动名词主语错误： Review the evidence before drawing a conclusion reduces the risk of bias. 【答案】Review → Reviewing 【解析】整句缺少合乎句法的主语。动词原形Review不能直接充当陈述句的主语，需改为动名词Reviewing；Reviewing the evidence ...整体作主语，谓语reduces用单数正确。 9．【句式转换】使用“否定＋动名词被动式”作主语，表达原意： People may lose confidence when others do not listen to them carefully. 【答案】Not being listened to carefully may cause people to lose confidence. 【解析】not being done表示动名词的否定被动式。listen to sb.须保留介词to，故为not being listened to；整个结构作主语，谓语may cause。答案不唯一，但必须保留否定、被动及原句语义。 10．【句式合并】使用“名词所有格＋动名词”作主语，将两句合并： The team ignored the early warnings. This delayed the whole project. 【答案】The team's ignoring the early warnings delayed the whole project. 【解析】The team's为动名词的逻辑主语（名词所有格），ignoring the early warnings构成复合结构，在句中整体作主语；delayed为谓语。写作中可将动作的承担者直接表达出来。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词-ing形式作主语 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 语法功能 / 考点二 主谓一致 / 考点三 形式主语it 考点四 否定与被动 / 考点五 逻辑主语 / 考点六 doing与to do 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦“动词-ing形式作主语”，常通过语法填空、单项选择、长难句主干分析和写作句式转换进行考查。基础题重在识别动名词短语及其谓语单复数；进阶题侧重形式主语it、否定式、被动式、复合结构和语境中的doing / to do选择。解题关键是先明确空格在句中的位置和功能，再判断动作意义及逻辑主语。 识记 掌握动名词作主语的基本形式及常见位置；识记单个动名词短语的主谓一致、It is no use / no good doing和It is a waste of time doing等句型。 理解 辨析动名词与进行时中的现在分词；识别否定式、被动式和逻辑主语；理解并列动名词作主语时主谓一致的语义依据。 应用 能在语法填空中判断-ing作主语及动词形式；能分析长句主干；能在书面表达中用动名词复合结构准确表达抽象行为和观点。 解题路径：先找谓语 → 判断-ing短语是否作主语 → 查主谓一致 → 再看否定、被动与逻辑主语。 考点一 动词-ing作主语：功能与位置 1. 动词-ing形式具有名词性质，作主语时称为________；既可单独出现，也可带宾语、状语等构成短语，常表示________的活动或行为。 Protecting wetlands requires long-term effort. Reading research papers regularly improves scientific literacy. 上述划线部分在句中充当主语；谓语分别是requires和improves。动名词兼有动词性质，仍可带自己的宾语。 ⚠️概念辨析 The researchers are recording the results. 中recording是进行时谓语的一部分；Recording the results takes patience. 中Recording the results才是动名词主语。 考点二 主谓一致：单个行为与并列行为 2. 一个动名词或动名词短语作主语通常看作________；两个并列动名词若分别表示两项独立活动，谓语一般用________，若合指一个整体，则可能用单数。 Checking facts before sharing news helps prevent misinformation. Collecting samples and analysing them are two different stages. 判定不能仅靠看到and：强调两项不同的活动时用复数；强调一个组合活动或统一过程时可用单数。一定结合句意。 ⚠️避坑指南 不要把短语内部的复数名词当作主语中心：Learning new skills takes time. 真正主语是Learning new skills，skills不决定谓语的数。 考点三 it作形式主语：固定评价句型 3. 常用句型：It is no use / no good + ________；It is a waste of time + ________。其中it是形式主语，后置的动名词短语是真正主语。 It is no use complaining without taking action. It is a waste of time arguing about facts without checking them. 同类表达：There is no point (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事毫无意义”。写作中可用于提出观点、评价行为。 ⚠️易混易错 并非所有“It is＋形容词”都接doing。It is important to check the source. 通常用不定式，不能机械写成It is important checking the source。 考点四 否定式与被动式作主语 4. 动名词的否定式通常为________；被动式为________。先辨“做/不做”，再辨逻辑主语是施动者还是受动者。 Not following safety rules can put everyone at risk. Being judged only by exam scores can be discouraging. 在正式语篇中，若强调动作先于谓语，还可使用having done / having been done，但须依具体语义判断，切忌一见过去时间就一律使用完成式。 ⚠️高频避坑 Not being invited与not inviting含义不同：前者“没有被邀请”，后者“没有邀请别人”。动名词作主语时也要判断主动、被动关系。 考点五 动名词复合结构：谁来执行动作 5. 当需要明确动名词动作的执行者时，可用________或________＋doing组成复合结构，在句中整体作主语。正式书面语常用所有格形式。 Her asking thoughtful questions improved the discussion. The team's ignoring the warnings delayed the project. Her与the team's分别指出动作的执行者；整个动名词复合结构作主语，不要误把Her或the team's当成独立主语。 ⚠️概念辨析 动名词也可有完成式：The team's having ignored the warning signs caused serious delays. 该结构强调忽视警告早于延期发生；期中复习优先掌握普通式。 考点六 doing与to do作主语：语义决定形式 6. doing作主语常表示________的活动；to do作主语常用于较具体或有待实现的动作。但这只是常见倾向，不是绝对互斥规则。 Reading widely helps students develop independent thinking. To finish the report by tomorrow will require careful planning. 高考命题通过语义限制选形：需同时核查搭配与整句意思。写作时可用动名词短语开头，避免通篇使用It is ...；但It is necessary to do通常与不定式搭配。 ⚠️记忆口诀 “动名词能带宾语；单项行为谓语单；not / being先看义；并列多项辨整体；it的句型记搭配。” 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单项选择（1—5题，每题只有一个最佳答案） 1．______ primary sources before accepting a claim helps students avoid misinformation. A．Check B．Checked C．Checking D．To checking 2．Keeping a clear record of each experiment ______ researchers identify errors later. A．help B．helps C．helping D．are helped 3．It is no use ______ the same explanation if the audience cannot follow the basic idea. A．repeat B．repeating C．to repeat D．repeated 4．______ solely by their test results can make students feel that their other strengths are being ignored. A．Evaluating B．Having evaluated C．Being evaluated D．To evaluating 5．______ sources carefully and ______ the findings clearly are two separate stages of the project. A．Check / presenting B．Checking / presenting C．Checked / present D．Checking / presented 二、语法填空（6—10题，根据语境填括号内动词的正确形式） 6．______ (learn) to distinguish reliable information from rumors requires patience. 7．Not ______ (follow) basic safety rules may put the entire group at risk. 8．______ (invite) to take part in a scientific discussion can build students' confidence. 9．______ (collect) evidence and ______ (interpret) it are two different tasks. 10．It is a waste of time ______ (argue) about details before agreeing on the research question. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、高考真题（1—2题，保留原题和选项） 1．【2019年天津卷·单项填空第4题原题】 ______ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 2．【2011年全国新课标卷·单项填空第23题原题】 Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. A．made B．is making C．makes D．has made 二、原创语篇语法填空（3—7题，每空填动词的正确形式） A student-led project set out to cut food waste at school. At first, 3. ______ (persuade) classmates to pay attention to leftovers seemed difficult. The team soon discovered that 4. ______ (measure) daily waste was more persuasive than simply giving orders. They divided the work: 5. ______ (collect) reliable data and 6. ______ (present) the findings clearly were two distinct responsibilities. For each volunteer, 7. ______ (assign) a specific role by the project leader made it easier to stay involved. After two weeks, not seeing immediate improvement no longer discouraged the group; instead, they adjusted their approach based on the evidence. 三、综合运用（8—10题） 8．【单句改错】找出并改正唯一一处动名词主语错误： Review the evidence before drawing a conclusion reduces the risk of bias. 答：________________________________________________________________________ 9．【句式转换】使用“否定＋动名词被动式”作主语，表达原意： People may lose confidence when others do not listen to them carefully. 答：________________________________________________________________________ 10．【句式合并】使用“名词所有格＋动名词”作主语，将两句合并： The team ignored the early warnings. This delayed the whole project. 答：________________________________________________________________________ 错题订正卡（课后填写，不计入限时训练） 本次失分归因（可多选）：□ 主语识别 □ 谓语单复数 □ 形式主语it □ 否定／被动 □ 逻辑主语 需要重新辨析的两组句型：____________________________________________________________ 我最典型的一道错题编号及错误原因：____________________________________________________ 订正后的完整英文句子：________________________________________________________________ 我用动名词作主语再写一个原创句子：______________________________________________________ 自检提醒：找真正主语；看单复数；判主动被动；辨复合结构；重视语境。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $