内容正文:
专题01 非谓语作宾语(期中复习讲义)
考情分析
【考向透视】
考点聚焦核心类型:主要考查不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)作宾语,重点围绕 “接不定式的动词”“接动名词的动词”“既能接 to do 又能接 doing 的动词(含义差异)” 三大核心类型,过去分词(done)极少直接作宾语,可暂不作为复习重点。
命题结合语境与话题:题目多依托生活场景(如日常计划、兴趣爱好、建议表达)、学习场景(如学习方法、任务安排)或社会热点(如环保、健康)设题,要求考生在理解语境的同时,准确判断动词与非谓语的搭配关系,避免机械记忆语法规则。
高频考查特殊结构:“疑问词 + 不定式”“形式宾语 it + 不定式后置”“介词(含短语中作介词的 to)后接动名词” 是高频难点,尤其 “短语中的 to 是介词”(如 look forward to、be used to)易与不定式符号 to 混淆,是命题常设陷阱。
【复习目标】
1.知识掌握:熟记三类核心动词搭配,能准确区分 “to do、doing ”的核心差异。
2.能力提升:能在具体语境中快速判断非谓语作宾语的类型,能结合句意(如 “未做/已做”“目的/方式”)选择正确形式,避免语法错误。
3.应用迁移:在书面表达中能主动运用非谓语作宾语优化句子结构,提升语言表达的准确性与简洁性。。
非谓语作宾语
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)中,不定式(to do) 和动名词(doing)
是最主要的宾语形式,过去分词(done)通常不直接作宾语,现在分词(doing)作宾语时多
与动名词重合(需结合语境区分)。以下从核心用法、适用动词、特殊规则三方面展开讲解,
结合实例帮助理解。
知识点01 不定式(to do)作宾语:表 “具体、一次性、未来的动作”
不定式作宾语时,侧重动作的 “具体性” 或 “未发生状态”,常搭配表示 “意愿、计划、能力、情感” 的动词。
1. 常见接不定式作宾语的动词(需牢记)
可总结为 “三愿两害一拒绝,设法学会做决定”,具体如下:
①表意愿 / 情感:want(想要)、hope(希望)、wish(愿望)、expect(期待)、long(渴望)
②表能力 / 计划:manage(设法做到)、afford(负担得起)、plan(计划)、arrange(安排)
③表动作倾向:decide(决定)、determine(决心)、choose(选择)、refuse(拒绝)、promise(承诺)
④其他高频词:agree(同意)、offer(主动提出)、pretend(假装)、learn(学习)、fail(未能做)
【即时检测】
1.She decided ______ (study) abroad after finishing high school.
2.The company promised ______ (improve) the working conditions as soon as possible.
3.He pretended ______ (not see) me when I passed by.
4.We managed ______ (finish) the project ahead of schedule.
2. 特殊结构:“动词 + 疑问词 + 不定式”
当宾语部分包含 “疑问词(what/when/how/where 等)” 时,需用 “疑问词 + to do” 结构,不可直接接不定式。
【即时检测】
1.I don’t know what ______ (do) next.
2.She is learning how______ (use) the new software.
3.Please tell me how ______ (get) to the nearest subway station.
4.We must decide when ______ (start) the project.
3.不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。
【即时检测】
1.I think it important ______ (learn) a foreign language well.
2.We found it difficult ______ (solve) this problem in such a short time.
知识点02 动名词(doing)作宾语:表 “抽象、习惯性、已完成的动作”
动名词作宾语时,侧重动作的 “抽象概念” 或 “习惯性重复”,常搭配表示 “喜好、厌恶、避免、建议” 的1. 常见接动名词作宾语的动词(需牢记)
可总结为 “避免错过少延期,建议完成多练习,喜欢想象禁不住,承认否定与嫉妒”,具体如下:
①表避免/放弃:avoid(避免)、miss(错过)、delay(延期)、give up(放弃)、quit(停止)
②表建议/完成:suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、finish(完成)、complete(完成)、practice(练习)
③表喜好/情感:enjoy(喜欢)、love(喜爱,抽象)、hate(厌恶,抽象)、imagine(想象)、stand(忍受)
④表承认/否定:admit(承认)、deny(否认)、mind(介意)、escape(逃脱)、risk(冒险)
【即时检测】
1.He avoids ______ (talk) to his neighbors after the argument.
2.She enjoys ______ (read) novels in her free time.
3.The doctor suggested ______ (take) more exercise to keep healthy.
4.He admitted ______ (break) the window by accident.
2. 介词后必须接动名词(高频考点)
所有介词(in、on、at、with、without、for、about、of、from 等)后面,若接动词,必须用动名词形式(doing),不可用不定式(to do)。
3.下列短语中的to是介词,后接动词要用动名词:
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
be devoted to 献身于
be equal to 等于,能胜任
be familiar to 对... 熟悉
be opposed to 反对
be reduced to 沦为
be related to 与... 有关
admit to 承认
get down to 着手做
in addition to 除...之外
keep/stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
look forward to 期待
object to 反对
pay attention to 关注
respond to 做出反应
【即时检测】
1.I’m looking forward to ______ (meet) you again soon.
2.She is used to ______ (get) up early in the morning.
3.The accident led to ______ (close) the road for three hours.
4.He admitted to ______ (steal) the money from the office.
知识点03既能接 to do,又能接 doing” 的动词:含义差异需区分
部分动词既可以接不定式(to do),也可以接动名词(doing),但含义不同,需重点区分,高频词如下:
动词
接 to do 的含义(具体 / 未来)
接 doing 的含义(抽象 / 习惯)
remember
记得 “要做某事”(未做)
记得 “做过某事”(已做)
forget
忘记 “要做某事”(未做)
忘记 “做过某事”(已做)
regret
后悔 “要做某事”(未做,表未来的遗憾)
后悔 “做过某事”(已做,表过去的遗憾)
try
努力 “做某事”(表目的,尽力达成)
尝试 “做某事”(表方式,试验新方法)
stop
停下(当前动作)“去做另一件事”
停止 “正在做的动作”
mean
打算 “做某事”(表意图)
意味着 “做某事”(表含义)
【即时检测】
1.Please remember ______ (turn) off the lights before you leave.
2.I remember ______ (meet) her at the party last year.
3.He forgot ______ (send) the email, so his boss was angry.
5.He tried ______ (fix) the computer, but it still didn’t work.
6.Why don’t you try ______ (use) another browser?
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
1、 单句语法填空
1.She wants ______ (go) to the movies tonight.
2.I enjoy ______ (read) novels in my free time.
3.He decided ______ (study) abroad next year.
4.They suggested ______ (have) a party this weekend.
5.Please remember ______ (lock) the door before you leave.
6.I will never forget ______ (visit) the Great Wall last year.
7.She tried ______ (solve) the problem, but she failed.
8.My father gave up ______ (smoke) last month.
9.We are looking forward to ______ (see) you soon.
10.He pretended ______ (not hear) the phone ringing.
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单句语法填空
1.We had a great time at the park yesterday, ________ we flew kites with our friends.
2.My brother bought a new bike, ________ is blue and white.
3.Our English teacher, ________ classes are always interesting, will leave our school next month.
4.________ everyone knows, Sunday is the first day of a week.
5.I found a nice notebook, the cover ________ is printed with small flowers.
6.They will go to Shanghai in October, ________ the weather is not too hot.
7.The little girl has a lovely cat, ________ she plays with every afternoon.
8.This is my hometown, ________ I lived for twelve years.
9.His father works in a big factory, the name ________ I can’t remember now.
10.We will have a holiday in July, ________ we plan to visit our grandparents.
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
1.(2025年全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2.(2025年北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
3.(2024·新高考II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
4.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
5.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
6.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
7.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
8.【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
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专题01 非谓语作宾语(期中复习讲义)
考情分析
【考向透视】
考点聚焦核心类型:主要考查不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)作宾语,重点围绕 “接不定式的动词”“接动名词的动词”“既能接 to do 又能接 doing 的动词(含义差异)” 三大核心类型,过去分词(done)极少直接作宾语,可暂不作为复习重点。
命题结合语境与话题:题目多依托生活场景(如日常计划、兴趣爱好、建议表达)、学习场景(如学习方法、任务安排)或社会热点(如环保、健康)设题,要求考生在理解语境的同时,准确判断动词与非谓语的搭配关系,避免机械记忆语法规则。
高频考查特殊结构:“疑问词 + 不定式”“形式宾语 it + 不定式后置”“介词(含短语中作介词的 to)后接动名词” 是高频难点,尤其 “短语中的 to 是介词”(如 look forward to、be used to)易与不定式符号 to 混淆,是命题常设陷阱。
【复习目标】
1.知识掌握:熟记三类核心动词搭配,能准确区分 “to do、doing ”的核心差异。
2.能力提升:能在具体语境中快速判断非谓语作宾语的类型,能结合句意(如 “未做/已做”“目的/方式”)选择正确形式,避免语法错误。
3.应用迁移:在书面表达中能主动运用非谓语作宾语优化句子结构,提升语言表达的准确性与简洁性。。
非谓语作宾语
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)中,不定式(to do) 和动名词(doing)
是最主要的宾语形式,过去分词(done)通常不直接作宾语,现在分词(doing)作宾语时多
与动名词重合(需结合语境区分)。以下从核心用法、适用动词、特殊规则三方面展开讲解,
结合实例帮助理解。
知识点01 不定式(to do)作宾语:表 “具体、一次性、未来的动作”
不定式作宾语时,侧重动作的 “具体性” 或 “未发生状态”,常搭配表示 “意愿、计划、能力、情感” 的动词。
1. 常见接不定式作宾语的动词(需牢记)
可总结为 “三愿两害一拒绝,设法学会做决定”,具体如下:
①表意愿 / 情感:want(想要)、hope(希望)、wish(愿望)、expect(期待)、long(渴望)
②表能力 / 计划:manage(设法做到)、afford(负担得起)、plan(计划)、arrange(安排)
③表动作倾向:decide(决定)、determine(决心)、choose(选择)、refuse(拒绝)、promise(承诺)
④其他高频词:agree(同意)、offer(主动提出)、pretend(假装)、learn(学习)、fail(未能做)
【即时检测】
1.She decided ______ (study) abroad after finishing high school.
【答案】to study
【解析】decide 是 “三愿两害一拒绝,设法学会做决定” 中的 “决定” 类动
词,后面接不定式作宾语,结构为 decide to do sth.,因此填 to study。
2.The company promised ______ (improve) the working conditions as soon as possible.
【答案】to improve
【解析】promise 属于 “承诺” 类动词,后接不定式作宾语,表示 “承诺
去做某事”,所以填 to improve。
3.He pretended ______ (not see) me when I passed by.
【答案】not to see
【解析】pretend 接不定式作宾语,否定形式是在 to 前加 not,即 pretend
not to do sth.,所以填 not to see。
4.We managed ______ (finish) the project ahead of schedule.
【答案】to finish
【解析】manage 表示 “设法做到”,后接不定式作宾语,结构为 manage to
do sth.,因此填 to finish。
2. 特殊结构:“动词 + 疑问词 + 不定式”
当宾语部分包含 “疑问词(what/when/how/where 等)” 时,需用 “疑问词 + to do” 结构,不可直接接不定式。
【即时检测】
I don’t know what ______ (do) next.
【答案】to do
【解析】“疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语,表示 “知道做什么/怎么做”。本句中 “做什么” 应用 what引导,因此填to do。
She is learning how______ (use) the new software.
【答案】to use
【解析】“疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语,这里表示 “学习如何使用”,用 how 引导不定式结构,因此填 to use。
Please tell me how ______ (get) to the nearest subway station.
【答案】to get
【解析】tell 后面可接双宾语结构 “tell sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式”,表示 “告诉某人如何做某事”。这里表示 “如何到达”,因此填to get。
We must decide when ______ (start) the project.
【答案】to start
【解析】decide 后面可接 “疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语,这里表示 “决定什么时候开始”。
3.不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。
【即时检测】
1.I think it important ______ (learn) a foreign language well.
【答案】to learn
【解析】动词 think 后真正宾语是不定式短语 to learn a foreign language well,由于后面跟有形容词 important 作宾语补足语,需要用 it 作形式宾语,将真正宾语后置,结构为 “think + it + adj. + to do sth.”。
2.We found it difficult ______ (solve) this problem in such a short time.
【答案】to solve
【解析】find 后真正宾语是 to solve this problem,因为后面有 difficult 作宾补,所以用 it 作形式宾语,结构为 “find + it + adj. + to do sth.”。
知识点02 动名词(doing)作宾语:表 “抽象、习惯性、已完成的动作”
动名词作宾语时,侧重动作的 “抽象概念” 或 “习惯性重复”,常搭配表示 “喜好、厌恶、避免、建议” 的1. 常见接动名词作宾语的动词(需牢记)
可总结为 “避免错过少延期,建议完成多练习,喜欢想象禁不住,承认否定与嫉妒”,具体如下:
①表避免/放弃:avoid(避免)、miss(错过)、delay(延期)、give up(放弃)、quit(停止)
②表建议/完成:suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、finish(完成)、complete(完成)、practice(练习)
③表喜好/情感:enjoy(喜欢)、love(喜爱,抽象)、hate(厌恶,抽象)、imagine(想象)、stand(忍受)
④表承认/否定:admit(承认)、deny(否认)、mind(介意)、escape(逃脱)、risk(冒险)
【即时检测】
1.He avoids ______ (talk) to his neighbors after the argument.
【答案】talking
【解析】avoid 属于 “避免 / 放弃” 类动词,后接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,因此填 talking。
2.She enjoys ______ (read) novels in her free time.
【答案】reading
【解析】enjoy 属于 “喜好 / 情感” 类动词,只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,因此填 reading。
3.The doctor suggested ______ (take) more exercise to keep healthy.
【答案】taking
【解析】suggest 属于 “建议 / 完成” 类动词,后接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,因此填 taking。
4.He admitted ______ (break) the window by accident.
【答案】breaking
【解析】admit 属于 “承认 / 否定” 类动词,后接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,因此填 breaking。
2. 介词后必须接动名词(高频考点)
所有介词(in、on、at、with、without、for、about、of、from 等)后面,若接动词,必须用动名词形式(doing),不可用不定式(to do)。
3.下列短语中的to是介词,后接动词要用动名词:
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
be devoted to 献身于
be equal to 等于,能胜任
be familiar to 对... 熟悉
be opposed to 反对
be reduced to 沦为
be related to 与... 有关
admit to 承认
get down to 着手做
in addition to 除...之外
keep/stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
look forward to 期待
object to 反对
pay attention to 关注
respond to 做出反应
【即时检测】
1.I’m looking forward to ______ (meet) you again soon.
【答案】meeting
【解析】look forward to 中的 to 是介词,后面需接动名词作宾语,因此填 meeting。
2.She is used to ______ (get) up early in the morning.
【答案】getting
【解析】be used to 中的 to 是介词,意为 “习惯于”,后接动名词作宾语,因此填 getting。
3.The accident led to ______ (close) the road for three hours.
【答案】closing
【解析】lead to 中的 to 是介词,意为 “导致”,后接动名词作宾语,因此填 closing。
4.He admitted to ______ (steal) the money from the office.
【答案】stealing
【解析】admit to 中的 to 是介词,意为 “承认”,后接动名词作宾语,因此填 stealing。
知识点03既能接 to do,又能接 doing” 的动词:含义差异需区分
部分动词既可以接不定式(to do),也可以接动名词(doing),但含义不同,需重点区分,高频词如下:
动词
接 to do 的含义(具体 / 未来)
接 doing 的含义(抽象 / 习惯)
remember
记得 “要做某事”(未做)
记得 “做过某事”(已做)
forget
忘记 “要做某事”(未做)
忘记 “做过某事”(已做)
regret
后悔 “要做某事”(未做,表未来的遗憾)
后悔 “做过某事”(已做,表过去的遗憾)
try
努力 “做某事”(表目的,尽力达成)
尝试 “做某事”(表方式,试验新方法)
stop
停下(当前动作)“去做另一件事”
停止 “正在做的动作”
mean
打算 “做某事”(表意图)
意味着 “做某事”(表含义)
【即时检测】
1.Please remember ______ (turn) off the lights before you leave.
【答案】to turn
【解析】remember to do sth. 表示 “记得要去做某事”(事情未做),符合句意 “记得关灯”,因此填 to turn。
2.I remember ______ (meet) her at the party last year.
【答案】meeting
【解析】remember doing sth. 表示 “记得做过某事”(事情已做),句中有 last year 表示过去发生,因此填 meeting。
3.He forgot ______ (send) the email, so his boss was angry.
【答案】to send
【解析】forget to do sth. 表示 “忘记要去做某事”(事情未做),根据句意 “忘记发邮件”,因此填 to send。
4.I regret ______ (tell) you that you failed the exam.
【答案】to tell
【解析】regret to do sth. 表示 “遗憾 / 抱歉要去做某事”(未做,多为告知坏消息),因此填 to tell。
5.He tried ______ (fix) the computer, but it still didn’t work.
【答案】to fix
【解析】try to do sth. 表示 “努力去做某事”(尽力达成),根据句意 “努力修理电脑”,因此填 to fix。
6.Why don’t you try ______ (use) another browser?
【答案】using
【解析】try doing sth. 表示 “尝试做某事”(试验新方法),根据句意 “尝试用另一个浏览器”,因此填 using。
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
1、 单句语法填空
1.She wants ______ (go) to the movies tonight.
【答案】to go
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。want 后接不定式 to do 作宾语,表示“想要做某事”。故填 to go。
2.I enjoy ______ (read) novels in my free time.
【答案】reading
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjoy 后接动名词 doing 作宾语,表示“喜欢做某事”。故填 reading。
3.He decided ______ (study) abroad next year.
【答案】to study
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。decide 后接不定式 to do,表示“决定去做某事”。故填 to study。
4.They suggested ______ (have) a party this weekend.
【答案】having
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。suggest 后接动名词 doing,表示“建议做某事”。故填 having。
5.Please remember ______ (lock) the door before you leave.
【答案】to lock
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。remember to do 表示“记得要去做某事(还未做)”。故填 to lock。
6.I will never forget ______ (visit) the Great Wall last year.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。forget doing 表示“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。故填 visiting。
7.She tried ______ (solve) the problem, but she failed.
【答案】to solve
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。try to do 表示“努力去做某事”。故填 to solve。
8.My father gave up ______ (smoke) last month.
【答案】smoking
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。give up 后接动名词 doing,表示“放弃做某事”。故填 smoking。
9.We are looking forward to ______ (see) you soon.
【答案】seeing
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。look forward to 中的 to 是介词,后接动名词 doing。故填 seeing。
10.He pretended ______ (not hear) the phone ringing.
【答案】not to hear
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。pretend 后接不定式 to do,否定形式为 not to do。故填 not to hear。
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单句语法填空
1.We had a great time at the park yesterday, ________ we flew kites with our friends.
【答案】where
【解析】先行词是 “the park”(地点),从句意为 “我们在(公园)和朋友放风筝”,空格处需作地点状语,用 where 引导,符合基础阶段对地点类先行词的考查。
2.My brother bought a new bike, ________ is blue and white.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是 “a new bike”(事物),从句描述自行车的颜色,空格处作主语,非限制性定语从句指代事物且作主语用 which,是最基础的事物类关系词用法。
3.Our English teacher, ________ classes are always interesting, will leave our school next month.
【答案】whose
【解析】先行词是 “Our English teacher”(人),从句意为 “(老师的)课总是很有趣”,空格处表所属关系,用 whose,符合基础阶段对人物所属关系的考查。
4.________ everyone knows, Sunday is the first day of a week.
【答案】As
【解析】从句位于句首,意为 “正如大家所知”,指代主句内容,as 可引导非限制性定语从句置于句首,是基础阶段 as 的典型用法。
5.I found a nice notebook, the cover ________ is printed with small flowers.
【答案】of which
【解析】先行词是 “a nice notebook”(事物),从句意为 “笔记本的封面印着小花”,“the cover of the notebook” 转化为 “the cover of which”,是简单的 “介词 + 关系代词” 基础结构。
6.They will go to Shanghai in October, ________ the weather is not too hot.
【答案】when
【解析】先行词是 “October”(时间),从句意为 “在十月天气不太热”,空格处作时间状语,用 when,是基础阶段对时间类先行词的考查。
7.The little girl has a lovely cat, ________ she plays with every afternoon.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是 “a lovely cat”(事物),从句意为 “她每天下午和(猫)一起玩”,空格处作宾语,非限制性定语从句指代事物且作宾语用 which,用法基础易懂。
8.This is my hometown, ________ I lived for twelve years.
【答案】where
【解析】先行词是 “my hometown”(地点),从句意为 “我在(家乡)生活了 12 年”,空格处作地点状语,用 where,符合基础地点类从句考法。
9.His father works in a big factory, the name ________ I can’t remember now.
【答案】of which
【解析】先行词是 “a big factory”(事物),从句意为 “工厂的名字我现在记不清了”,“the name of the factory” 转化为 “the name of which”,是简单的所属类 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法。
10.We will have a holiday in July, ________ we plan to visit our grandparents.
【答案】when
【解析】先行词是 “July”(时间),从句意为 “我们计划在(七月)去看望祖父母”,空格处作时间状语,用 when,是基础时间类从句的典型考查。
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
1.(2025年全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
【答案】which。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.(2025年北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】which。
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
3.(2024·新高考II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。
5.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。
6.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
7.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
8.【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】 who
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语。故填who。
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