专题01 非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期外研版

专题01 非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 核心考查关系词选择（which/who/whom/whose/where/when/as），尤其注重 “事物用 which、人用 who/whom、所属用 whose、地点用 where、时间用 when、指代主句用 as” 的基础规则，同时会通过与限制性定语从句对比（如 that 的使用差异、逗号的有无） 【复习目标】 1. 知识掌握：准确区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的差异（标点、作用、关系词使用等），熟记非限制性定语从句中关系词的核心用法（如不用 that、who/which/where 等的适用场景），掌握 as 指代主句、“介词 + 关系代词” 等特殊结构； 2. 能力提升：能在具体语篇（如文化、环保、人物话题）中快速识别非限制性定语从句，准确判断先行词属性及从句成分，选择正确的关系词，具备 “语法规则 + 语境分析” 的综合解题能力； 3. 应用迁移：能运用非限制性定语从句进行书面表达，对人、事物、时间、地点等进行补充说明，使句子结构更丰富、表达更准确，同时避免常见错误（如漏加逗号、误用 that、省略不可省略的关系词等）。 非限制性定语从句 知识点01 概念 非限制性定语从句是定语从句的重要类型，它对先行词起补充说明的作用，而非必不可少的限定。即使去掉这个从句，主句的意思依然完整、明确。 1.My elder sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 我的姐姐是一名医生，她在一家大医院工作。 分析：去掉从句 “who is a doctor” 后，主句 “My elder sister works in a big hospital” 意思仍然完整，从句仅补充说明姐姐的职业。 2.Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. 北京是中国的首都，它有着悠久的历史。 分析：去掉 “which is the capital of China”，“Beijing has a long history” 依然成立，从句只是额外介绍北京的身份。 知识点02 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 对比 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 标点符号 必须用逗号与主句隔开 无逗号 作用 补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思 限定修饰，去掉后主句意思不明确 先行词 可指人、事物、整个主句内容 多指代人或事物 关系词 不能用 that，不能省略 可根据情况用 that，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 例句对比： 1.非限制性： My friend Lucy, who likes reading, often goes to the library. 我的朋友露西，她喜欢阅读，经常去图书馆。 “who likes reading” 是补充信息，即使去掉，“My friend Lucy often goes to the library” 仍清晰 2.限制性： The friend who likes reading often goes to the library. 喜欢阅读的那个朋友经常去图书馆。 “who likes reading” 是限定条件，去掉后 “ The friend often goes to the library” 无法明确指哪个朋友 知识点03关系词（高频考点） 非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略，且不能用 that，需根据先行词的类型选择合适的关系词 具体用法如下： 1. 指代 “人” 时：用 who /whom/whose ①who：在从句中作主语 例：My English teacher, who is very patient, always helps us with our homework. 我的英语老师很有耐心，她总是帮我们辅导作业。 ②whom：在从句中作宾语，可替换为 who，但正式语境中常用 whom The actor, whom we met at the party yesterday, is very famous. 我们昨天在派对上遇到的那个演员很有名。 ③whose：在从句中作定语，后接名词，表 “…… 的” Li Ming, whose father is a lawyer, wants to study law in the future. 李明的爸爸是一名律师，他未来想学习法律。 2. 指代 “事物 / 动物” 时：用 which ①which 在从句中可作主语或宾语 例1（作主语） The new park, which opened last month, is very popular with students. 上个月开放的那个新公园很受学生欢迎。 例 2（作宾语） This book, which I bought last week, tells a moving story. 我上周买的这本书，讲述了一个感人的故事。 3. 指代 “时间” 时：用 when（= in/on/at which） Summer vacation, when we can travel and relax, is my favorite time of the year. 暑假是一年中我最喜欢的时光，那时我们可以旅行和放松。 4. 指代 “地点” 时：用 where（= in/on/at which） Our school, where we have spent three happy years, will hold a big celebration next month. 我们的学校下个月将举办一场盛大的庆祝活动，我们在这儿度过了三年快乐的时光。 5. 指代 “整个主句内容” 时：用 which 此时从句表达的是对主句情况的评价、结果或补充说明，which 在从句中作主语或宾语 例1：He passed the final exam, which made his parents very happy. 他通过了期末考试，这让他的父母非常开心。 例2：She forgot to bring her umbrella, which caused her to get wet in the rain. 她忘记带伞了，这导致她被雨淋湿了。 6. 先行词是 “the way” 时的特殊用法​ 当先行词是 “the way”（表 “方式、方法”），且从句不缺主宾时，关系词有三种选择：that/in which / 不填（三种用法等价，无需区分限制性与非限制性）。​ 7. 先行词是 “as” 引导的特殊情况​ “as” 可引导限制性定语从句（常见搭配：such...as/so...as/the same...as）和非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句，可译为 “正如”），解题时需结合固定搭配或语境判断。​ ①限制性（搭配型）：先行词前有 such/so/the same 时，用 as（不用 that/which）​ ②非限制性（指代主句）：as 引导的从句可位于句首/句中/句末，常译为 “正如”，而 which 引导的非限制性从句只能位于句末​ 8. 先行词是 “整个主句内容” 时的选择​ 当定语从句修饰整个主句（即从句指代前面一句话的内容），只能用非限制性定语从句，关系词用 which 或 as（which 不可位于句首，as 可位于句首）。​ 【即时检测】 1.To my surprise, the boy I talked with yesterday walks ________ his father does. A．the way in that B．the way like C．the way D．the way which 2.__________is reported, vaccination is an effective way to prevent diseases. A．What B．It C．As D．That 3．The Dragon Boat Festival, ______ features dragon boat races, is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan. A．where B．when C．which D．who 4．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 5.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A．whose B．which C．from whose D．from which 6．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.不能用 that 引导：需牢记所有非限制性定语从句都不能用 that，无论先行词是人还是事物。 错误：My brother, that works in Shanghai, will come back next week. 正确：My brother, who works in Shanghai, will come back next week. 2.逗号不可省略：非限制性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号隔开，否则会变成限制性定语从句，改变句子意思。 错误：My hometown which is a small city has beautiful scenery. 正确：My hometown, which is a small city, has beautiful scenery. 3.关系词不可省略：即使关系词在从句中作宾语，也不能省略（区别于限制性定语从句）。 错误：The movie, we watched last night, is very exciting. 正确：The movie, which we watched last night, is very exciting. 解｜题｜技｜巧 先找先行词，属性要分清；​ 逗号定类型，that 不用非限定；​ 从句缺主宾，代词来搞定（who/whom/that/which）；​ 主宾不缺少，副词来报到（when/where/why）；​ way 特殊记，that / 不填 /in which；​ as 代整个句，句首只能用 as。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单句语法填空 1．The scientist, with I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month. 2．The novel, main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 3． I expected, he got the first place again in this midterm examination. 4． Through the summer camp, I made many friends, two of still keep contact with me. 5．My brother works in Cafe Lavazza, top-quality Western food is served. (用适当的词填空) 6．January 15 is around the corner, we will begin our happy winter holiday. (用适当的形式填空) 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1.We had a great time at the park yesterday, ________ we flew kites with our friends. 2.My brother bought a new bike, ________ is blue and white. 3.Our English teacher, ________ classes are always interesting, will leave our school next month. 4.________ everyone knows, Sunday is the first day of a week. 5.I found a nice notebook, the cover ________ is printed with small flowers. 6.They will go to Shanghai in October, ________ the weather is not too hot. 7.The little girl has a lovely cat, ________ she plays with every afternoon. 8.This is my hometown, ________ I lived for twelve years. 9.His father works in a big factory, the name ________ I can’t remember now. 10.We will have a holiday in July, ________ we plan to visit our grandparents. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 3.（2024·新高考II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.   5.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,.　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  6.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 7.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 8.【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 核心考查关系词选择（which/who/whom/whose/where/when/as），尤其注重 “事物用 which、人用 who/whom、所属用 whose、地点用 where、时间用 when、指代主句用 as” 的基础规则，同时会通过与限制性定语从句对比（如 that 的使用差异、逗号的有无） 【复习目标】 1. 知识掌握：准确区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的差异（标点、作用、关系词使用等），熟记非限制性定语从句中关系词的核心用法（如不用 that、who/which/where 等的适用场景），掌握 as 指代主句、“介词 + 关系代词” 等特殊结构； 2. 能力提升：能在具体语篇（如文化、环保、人物话题）中快速识别非限制性定语从句，准确判断先行词属性及从句成分，选择正确的关系词，具备 “语法规则 + 语境分析” 的综合解题能力； 3. 应用迁移：能运用非限制性定语从句进行书面表达，对人、事物、时间、地点等进行补充说明，使句子结构更丰富、表达更准确，同时避免常见错误（如漏加逗号、误用 that、省略不可省略的关系词等）。 非限制性定语从句 知识点01 概念 非限制性定语从句是定语从句的重要类型，它对先行词起补充说明的作用，而非必不可少的限定。即使去掉这个从句，主句的意思依然完整、明确。 1.My elder sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 我的姐姐是一名医生，她在一家大医院工作。 分析：去掉从句 “who is a doctor” 后，主句 “My elder sister works in a big hospital” 意思仍然完整，从句仅补充说明姐姐的职业。 2.Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. 北京是中国的首都，它有着悠久的历史。 分析：去掉 “which is the capital of China”，“Beijing has a long history” 依然成立，从句只是额外介绍北京的身份。 知识点02 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 对比 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 标点符号 必须用逗号与主句隔开 无逗号 作用 补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思 限定修饰，去掉后主句意思不明确 先行词 可指人、事物、整个主句内容 多指代人或事物 关系词 不能用 that，不能省略 可根据情况用 that，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 例句对比： 1.非限制性： My friend Lucy, who likes reading, often goes to the library. 我的朋友露西，她喜欢阅读，经常去图书馆。 “who likes reading” 是补充信息，即使去掉，“My friend Lucy often goes to the library” 仍清晰 2.限制性： The friend who likes reading often goes to the library. 喜欢阅读的那个朋友经常去图书馆。 “who likes reading” 是限定条件，去掉后 “ The friend often goes to the library” 无法明确指哪个朋友 知识点03关系词（高频考点） 非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略，且不能用 that，需根据先行词的类型选择合适的关系词 具体用法如下： 1. 指代 “人” 时：用 who /whom/whose ①who：在从句中作主语 例：My English teacher, who is very patient, always helps us with our homework. 我的英语老师很有耐心，她总是帮我们辅导作业。 ②whom：在从句中作宾语，可替换为 who，但正式语境中常用 whom The actor, whom we met at the party yesterday, is very famous. 我们昨天在派对上遇到的那个演员很有名。 ③whose：在从句中作定语，后接名词，表 “…… 的” Li Ming, whose father is a lawyer, wants to study law in the future. 李明的爸爸是一名律师，他未来想学习法律。 2. 指代 “事物 / 动物” 时：用 which ①which 在从句中可作主语或宾语 例1（作主语） The new park, which opened last month, is very popular with students. 上个月开放的那个新公园很受学生欢迎。 例 2（作宾语） This book, which I bought last week, tells a moving story. 我上周买的这本书，讲述了一个感人的故事。 3. 指代 “时间” 时：用 when（= in/on/at which） Summer vacation, when we can travel and relax, is my favorite time of the year. 暑假是一年中我最喜欢的时光，那时我们可以旅行和放松。 4. 指代 “地点” 时：用 where（= in/on/at which） Our school, where we have spent three happy years, will hold a big celebration next month. 我们的学校下个月将举办一场盛大的庆祝活动，我们在这儿度过了三年快乐的时光。 5. 指代 “整个主句内容” 时：用 which 此时从句表达的是对主句情况的评价、结果或补充说明，which 在从句中作主语或宾语 例1：He passed the final exam, which made his parents very happy. 他通过了期末考试，这让他的父母非常开心。 例2：She forgot to bring her umbrella, which caused her to get wet in the rain. 她忘记带伞了，这导致她被雨淋湿了。 6. 先行词是 “the way” 时的特殊用法​ 当先行词是 “the way”（表 “方式、方法”），且从句不缺主宾时，关系词有三种选择：that/in which / 不填（三种用法等价，无需区分限制性与非限制性）。​ 7. 先行词是 “as” 引导的特殊情况​ “as” 可引导限制性定语从句（常见搭配：such...as/so...as/the same...as）和非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句，可译为 “正如”），解题时需结合固定搭配或语境判断。​ ①限制性（搭配型）：先行词前有 such/so/the same 时，用 as（不用 that/which）​ ②非限制性（指代主句）：as 引导的从句可位于句首/句中/句末，常译为 “正如”，而 which 引导的非限制性从句只能位于句末​ 8. 先行词是 “整个主句内容” 时的选择​ 当定语从句修饰整个主句（即从句指代前面一句话的内容），只能用非限制性定语从句，关系词用 which 或 as（which 不可位于句首，as 可位于句首）。​ 【即时检测】 1.To my surprise, the boy I talked with yesterday walks ________ his father does. A．the way in that B．the way like C．the way D．the way which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：令我吃惊的是，昨天和我谈话的那个男孩走路和他父亲走路一样。先行词为the way时，关系词为that/in whcih/x。故选C。​ 2.__________is reported, vaccination is an effective way to prevent diseases. A．What B．It C．As D．That 【答案】C 3．The Dragon Boat Festival, ______ features dragon boat races, is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：端午节以龙舟赛为特色，是为纪念屈原而庆祝的。 features dragon boat races是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Dragon Boat Festival。从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“节日”(事物)，需用关系代词which引导从句。故选C项。​ 4．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是businesswoman，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故选B。 5.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A．whose B．which C．from whose D．from which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们至今仍在遭受洪灾的影响。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“floods”，在从句中 “effects”与“floods” 是所属关系，即“洪水的影响”，所以用“whose”来引导定语从句，同时“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受…… 的痛苦”，在定语从句中把 “from”提前，就构成了“from whose effects people are still suffering”。故选C项。 6．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：5G 商用服务开启了一个新的数字时代，在这个时代里，不仅技术，还有人们的工作能力和生活方式都将得到升级。空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词a new digital age。先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故选C。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.不能用 that 引导：需牢记所有非限制性定语从句都不能用 that，无论先行词是人还是事物。 错误：My brother, that works in Shanghai, will come back next week. 正确：My brother, who works in Shanghai, will come back next week. 2.逗号不可省略：非限制性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号隔开，否则会变成限制性定语从句，改变句子意思。 错误：My hometown which is a small city has beautiful scenery. 正确：My hometown, which is a small city, has beautiful scenery. 3.关系词不可省略：即使关系词在从句中作宾语，也不能省略（区别于限制性定语从句）。 错误：The movie, we watched last night, is very exciting. 正确：The movie, which we watched last night, is very exciting. 解｜题｜技｜巧 先找先行词，属性要分清；​ 逗号定类型，that 不用非限定；​ 从句缺主宾，代词来搞定（who/whom/that/which）；​ 主宾不缺少，副词来报到（when/where/why）；​ way 特殊记，that / 不填 /in which；​ as 代整个句，句首只能用 as。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单句语法填空 1．The scientist, with I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：和我一起做这个项目的那位科学家将参加下个月的国际会议。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 2．The novel, main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这部以年轻侦探为主角的小说获得了年度文学奖。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，The novel和main character之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。 3． I expected, he got the first place again in this midterm examination. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如我所料，他在这次期中考试中又得了第一名。空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代后面整个主句“he got the first place again in this midterm examination”的内容，表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。 4． Through the summer camp, I made many friends, two of still keep contact with me. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：通过夏令营，我交了很多朋友，其中两个至今仍与我保持联系。先行词为 many friends，做定语从句中of的宾语，关系代词为whom。故填whom。 5．My brother works in Cafe Lavazza, top-quality Western food is served. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我哥哥在Lavazza咖啡馆工作，那里供应优质的西餐。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cafe Lavazza，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。 6．January 15 is around the corner, we will begin our happy winter holiday. (用适当的形式填空) 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：1月15日即将到来，我们将开始我们快乐的寒假。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词January 15进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1.We had a great time at the park yesterday, ________ we flew kites with our friends. 【答案】where​ 【解析】先行词是 “the park”（地点），从句意为 “我们在（公园）和朋友放风筝”，空格处需作地点状语，用 where 引导，符合基础阶段对地点类先行词的考查。​ 2.My brother bought a new bike, ________ is blue and white. 【答案】which 【解析】先行词是 “a new bike”（事物），从句描述自行车的颜色，空格处作主语，非限制性定语从句指代事物且作主语用 which，是最基础的事物类关系词用法。​ 3.Our English teacher, ________ classes are always interesting, will leave our school next month. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词是 “Our English teacher”（人），从句意为 “（老师的）课总是很有趣”，空格处表所属关系，用 whose，符合基础阶段对人物所属关系的考查。​ 4.________ everyone knows, Sunday is the first day of a week. 【答案】As 【解析】从句位于句首，意为 “正如大家所知”，指代主句内容，as 可引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，是基础阶段 as 的典型用法。​ 5.I found a nice notebook, the cover ________ is printed with small flowers. 【答案】of which 【解析】先行词是 “a nice notebook”（事物），从句意为 “笔记本的封面印着小花”，“the cover of the notebook” 转化为 “the cover of which”，是简单的 “介词 + 关系代词” 基础结构。​ 6.They will go to Shanghai in October, ________ the weather is not too hot. 【答案】when​ 【解析】先行词是 “October”（时间），从句意为 “在十月天气不太热”，空格处作时间状语，用 when，是基础阶段对时间类先行词的考查。​ 7.The little girl has a lovely cat, ________ she plays with every afternoon. 【答案】which 【解析】先行词是 “a lovely cat”（事物），从句意为 “她每天下午和（猫）一起玩”，空格处作宾语，非限制性定语从句指代事物且作宾语用 which，用法基础易懂。​ 8.This is my hometown, ________ I lived for twelve years. 【答案】where 【解析】先行词是 “my hometown”（地点），从句意为 “我在（家乡）生活了 12 年”，空格处作地点状语，用 where，符合基础地点类从句考法。​ 9.His father works in a big factory, the name ________ I can’t remember now. 【答案】of which 【解析】先行词是 “a big factory”（事物），从句意为 “工厂的名字我现在记不清了”，“the name of the factory” 转化为 “the name of which”，是简单的所属类 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法。​ 10.We will have a holiday in July, ________ we plan to visit our grandparents. 【答案】when 【解析】先行词是 “July”（时间），从句意为 “我们计划在（七月）去看望祖父母”，空格处作时间状语，用 when，是基础时间类从句的典型考查。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which。 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 3.（2024·新高考II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.   【答案】which/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。 5.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,.　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  【答案】as　 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。 6.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 8.【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】 who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $