Unit 4 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

Unit 4 Heroes 课时3 Understanding ideas Grammar 分层作业 参考答案 一、单词默写 1.battle 2.shock 3.survivor 4.temperature 5.post 6.lose 7.deeply 2、 词组默写 1.the front line 2.with great respect 3.live forever 4.give up one’s life 5.for the victory of… 6.through one’s actions 7.stay at one’s posts 8.as low as 9.again and again 10.give everything for China 三、 根据要求完成句子 1. who never gave in 2. leave behind 3. who survived 4. stayed at their posts 5. was deeply moved by 1、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. battled 2. shocked 3. survivors 4. temperature 5. lost 6. deeply 7. posts 二、阅读还原 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式补全短文 1．their 2．personal 3．the 4．has brought 5．for 6．to guard 7．When 8．highest 9．closely 10．were laid 1、 完形填空 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 2、 阅读理解 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 一、短文填空 1．stopping 2．has influenced 3．Unluckily 4．To lead 5．better 6．without 7．themselves 8．helpless 9．won 10．are encouraged 二、完形填空 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Heroes 课时3 Understanding ideas Grammar 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 battle /ˈbætl/ n. 战斗，战役 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 令人震惊的事 temperature /ˈtemprətʃə/ n. 温度，气温 post /pəʊst/ n. 岗位 deeply /ˈdiːpli/ adv. 非常，很深地 lose /luːz/ v. 丧失，失去 survivor /səˈvaɪvə/ n. 生还者，幸存者 句型 1. She was a brave soldier who never gave in. 她是永不屈服的勇敢战士。 2. How could a woman who loved her young son leave him behind? 一位深爱幼子的女性，怎么能够抛下孩子？ 3. Today, I interviewed an old soldier who survived in the Battle at Lake Changjin. 今天我采访了一位长津湖战役幸存的老兵。 4. But they stayed at their posts on the front line. 但他们坚守在前线岗位上。 5. I was deeply moved by those soldiers who gave everything for China. 我被那些为祖国奉献一切的士兵深深打动。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ n. 战斗，战役 2. ___________ n. 令人震惊的事 3. ___________ n. 生还者，幸存者 4. ___________ n. 温度，气温 5. ___________ n. 岗位 6. ___________ v. 丧失，失去 7. ___________ adv. 非常，很深地 【答案】1.battle 2.shock 3.survivor 4.temperature 5.post 6.lose 7.deeply 二、词组默写 1. ___________ 前线 2. ___________ 满怀敬意地 3. ___________ 永垂不朽；永远活在人们心中 4. ___________ 献出生命 5. ___________ 为了……的胜利 6. ___________ 通过某人的行动 7. ___________ 坚守岗位 8. ___________ 低至 9. ___________ 一次又一次 10. ___________ 为中国奉献一切 【答案】 1.the front line 2.with great respect 3.live forever 4.give up one’s life 5.for the victory of… 6.through one’s actions 7.stay at one’s posts 8.as low as 9.again and again 10.give everything for China 三、根据要求完成句子 1. She was a brave soldier ___ ___ _____ _____. 她是永不屈服的勇敢战士。 2. How could a woman who loved her young son _____him_______? 一位深爱幼子的女性，怎么能够抛下孩子？ 3. Today, I interviewed an old soldier ________ ________ in the Battle at Lake Changjin. 今天我采访了一位长津湖战役幸存的老兵。 4. But they ____ ____ ____ ____ on the front line. 但他们坚守在前线岗位上。 5. I ____ ____ ____ ____ those soldiers who gave everything for China. 我被那些为祖国奉献一切的士兵深深打动。 【答案】 1. who never gave in 2. leave behind 3. who survived 4. stayed at their posts 5. was deeply moved by 1、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The two armies ________ (battle) for three days. 【答案】battled 【详解】句意：两支军队战斗了三天。句子讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，battle的过去式为battled。 2．He felt ________ (shock) when he heard the surprising news about the trip. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意：当他听到关于这次旅行的惊人消息时，他感到很震惊。空前为系动词felt（feel的过去式），其后需接形容词作表语；主语He指人，用于说明人自身内心的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词shocked（-ing结尾的shocking通常用于修饰事物，表示“令人震惊的”）。 3．Now she encourages other ________ (survive) to look forward to a brighter future. 【答案】survivors 【详解】句意：现在她鼓励其他幸存者期待更光明的未来。 4．The ________ (temperature) will rise to 30 degrees tomorrow, so don't forget to take an umbrella. 【答案】temperature 【详解】句意：明天的气温将升至30度，所以别忘了带伞。括号内所给词“temperature”为名词，在本句中可直接作主语，故填temperature。 5．She lent her pen to me, but I ________ (lose) it. 【答案】lost 【详解】句意：她把钢笔借给了我，但是我把它弄丢了。前半句lent是lend的过去式，为一般过去时；“弄丢钢笔”这件事也发生在过去，因此lose要使用过去式形式lost。 6．We were ________ (deep) inspired by his story. 【答案】deeply 【详解】句意：我们被他的故事深深鼓舞。故填deeply。 7.The guards were ordered not to leave their________ (post) . 【答案】posts 【详解】句意：警卫受命不得擅离岗位。 二、阅读还原 阅读短文，从短文下面的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整，衔接自然。 When Will Restall was in the fifth grade, he received bus safety training at school. Local bus drivers taught students about how to use the buses’ two-way radios. A twoway radio is a radio that can both send and receive messages. 1 And they showed the students how to use them in emergency situations. Will used what he learned to help a bus driver who got hurt get quick medical treatment. People in his hometown now call the 11-year-old boy a hero for his brave actions. Will was taking the bus to school one morning. 2 He had to wait 10 minutes or so before he could get off the bus. But then he heard a loud noise and looked up to see what happened. 3 She had passed out(昏迷) and fell over on the bus stairs. Will left his seat, grabbed the two-way radio and reported that the driver was hurt. 4 Soon, another bus driver and an ambulance(救护车) arrived to help. When they got there, the bus driver was awake and sitting up, but not speaking. They sent the driver to the hospital. Will and everyone else on the bus went to class as usual. Will’s brave actions attracted a lot of attention. 5 although he didn’t want to be the spotlight(公众注意的焦点). “I had to ask him,” said his father, Tim Restall. A．Like every other student on the bus, Will was playing a video game on his phone. B．A local TV station even interviewed him, C．The user can both talk and listen, and it’s also called a walkie-talkie (对讲机). D．He saw that the bus driver—Emily was no longer in the driver’s seat. E．The radios on each bus let Will’s friends hear him report the emergency. F．He was very surprised to see the situation. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文讲述的是威尔救了一名公交司机的故事。一天早上，威尔和其他人一样在车上玩游戏，突然，他发现司机晕倒了，他立刻用双向无线电报告司机受伤。很快就有另一个司机和救护车送晕倒的司机去医院了。 【详解】1．根据“A two-way radio is a radio that can both send and receive messages.”可知此处在介绍双向无线电的功能，此处应起到承上启下的作用，选项C “用户可以说也可以听，它也被称作对讲机”与之相对应。故选C。 2．根据“He had to wait 10 minutes or so before he could get off the bus.”可知，此处应填威尔在公交车上做的事，选项A“像公交车上其他的学生一样，威尔正在玩手机上的游戏”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据“She had passed out(昏迷) and fell over on the bus stairs.”可知此处介绍司机发生了什么事，选项D“他看见司机——艾米丽不在司机座位上”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据“Soon, another bus driver and an ambulance(救护车) arrived to help.”可知上文应该是别的车的司机接收到了信号，选项E“每辆公交车上的对讲机让威尔的朋友们听到了他报告了此次的紧急情况”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据下文“although he didn’t want to be the spotlight (公众注意的焦点).”可知威尔不想成为公众的焦点，与上文构成转折关系，选项B“当地的电视台甚至想采访他”符合语境。故选B。 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 （2025-2026·辽宁沈阳市虹桥中学初中学业水平模拟调研 ） On April 22, 2026, a special flight landed at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport. The aircraft was a Y-20B, China’s large military (军事的) transport plane. It carried 12 fallen heroes—the remains of Chinese People’s Volunteers (CPV) soldiers who gave 1 (they) lives in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953). Along with them came 146 pieces of 2 (person) belongings. This was 3 13th batch (一批) of CPV martyrs’ remains returned from South Korea. Since 2014, China 4 (bring) home 1, 023 fallen soldiers. For this mission (任务), the Y-20B was given a special call sign: “Glory Return 50”. The number “50” stands 5 the year 1950, when the CPV soldiers first crossed the Yalu River to fight. The call sign means: “Heroes, you went to war in 1950, now, you are coming home in glory (光荣).” As the Y-20B entered Chinese airspace, four J-20 fighter jets flew alongside 6 (guard) it. The five aircraft formed an arrow-shaped formation. The J-20s carried the call sign “Red Eagle” — a symbol of strength in today’s air force. 7 the Y-20B landed at the airport, it was welcomed with a water salute (敬礼). Two fire trucks sprayed (喷洒) water arches over the plane, the 8 (high) honor in aircraft industry. The welcoming ceremony was held at the airport. Soldiers in formal uniforms carried the coffins, each covered with the five-star red flag, and placed them in rows. An honor guard held guns, standing 9 (close) to protect the heroes’ spirits. More than 1,800 people attended the ceremony. After the ceremony, a motorcade of 70 police motorcycles guarded the soldiers’ remains to the CPV Martyrs’ Cemetery in Shenyang. In the following days, the 12 soldiers 10 (lay) to rest. Each year, in spring, when the flowers bloom in full, the fallen heroes come home. Their sacrifice and bravery will always be remembered. 【答案】 1．their 2．personal 3．the 4．has brought 5．for 6．to guard 7．When 8．highest 9．closely 10．were laid 【导语】本文记述了2026年4月22日，中国用Y-20B运输机接回第13批在抗美援朝战争中牺牲的志愿军烈士遗骸及其146件个人物品，归葬沈阳，并详细描写了接机仪式、空中护航、水门礼遇等庄严肃穆的迎接场景，表达对英烈的崇高敬意与永恒缅怀。 【详解】1．句意：它搭载了12位牺牲的英雄——即在抗美援朝战争（1950–1953）中献出他们生命的中国人民志愿军战士的遗骸。空格后是名词“lives”，前面应使用形容词性物主代词修饰；they是人称代词主格，此处需their“他们的”。 2．句意：随同遗骸一同归国的还有146件个人物品。“belongings”是名词，“personal belongings”是固定搭配，翻译为“私人物品、个人财物”；题干给出的person是名词，翻译为“个人”，不能直接修饰名词；其形容词personal“个人的”，符合语法结构。 3．句意：这是从韩国接回的第13批中国人民志愿军烈士遗骸。“13th”是序数词，前面必须加定冠词“the”，表示特指“第十三批”。 4．句意：自2014年以来，中国已接回1023名牺牲将士。时间状语“Since 2014”，表明句子需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“China”为第三人称单数，题干给出动词bring“带来”。故填has brought。 5．句意：数字“50”代表1950年——志愿军战士首次跨过鸭绿江参战的年份。“stand for”是固定搭配，翻译为“代表、象征”。 6．句意：当Y-20B进入中国领空时，四架J-20战斗机伴飞以护卫它。此处“flew alongside”是主句谓语，题干给出的动词guard翻译为“守卫”，此处需用不定式作目的状语表示“为了护卫它”。 7．句意：当Y-20B降落在机场时，它受到了水门礼遇。空格后是完整句子“it was welcomed...”，空格处需填入词语引导时间状语从句；应用When表示“当什么的时候”放在语境中最为自然，放在句首首字母大写。 8．句意：两辆消防车向飞机喷洒水柱拱门——这是航空工业中最高规格的礼遇。题干给出的high是形容词，表示“高的”，前有the修饰；最高级结构为“the+最高级”，此处“in aircraft industry”表明在行业内比较，“highest honor”翻译为“最高荣誉/规格”。 9．句意：仪仗队持枪紧密地站立，以守护英烈之灵。“standing”是动词现在分词形式，后面应用副词修饰动作方式；close是形容词指物理距离近，而其副词closely强调“紧密地、严密地”，用于抽象或仪式性语境更贴切。 10．句意：在随后几天里，这12名战士被安葬。“the 12 soldiers”是动作承受者，应用被动语态即“be动词+过去分词”；“lay to rest”是固定短语表示“安葬、下葬”，其中lay“放置”是动词原形，其过去分词为“laid”，事情发生在过去，且主语是复数形式，故应填were laid。 一、完形填空 （2024·广东广州·二模） Yue Fei was a hero who lived during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). As a general, he 1 his army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom and tried to take 2 of its central lands. Yue decided to fight the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great 3 . What exactly do you plan to do?” “ 4 my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not 5 for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo the words onto her son’s back so that he would not 6 them. His mother asked, “My child, tattoos are very painful. Are you 7 ?” Yue said, “Mother, a little needle is 8 . If I was scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front lines?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. 9 ,Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his 10 was passed on to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 1．A．advised B．allowed C．stopped D．led 2．A．care B．notice C．control D．advantage 3．A．honor B．difficulty C．pleasure D．pity 4．A．Provide B．Serve C．Respect D．Remember 5．A．easy B．hard C．patient D．sad 6．A．solve B．describe C．forget D．explain 7．A．afraid B．worried C．disappointed D．surprised 8．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 9．A．Hopefully B．Luckily C．Happily D．Sadly 10．A．face B．knowledge C．spirit D．mind 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了岳飞抗击金军，精忠报国的故事。 【详解】1．句意：作为一名将军，他率领军队赢得了许多战争。 advised建议；allowed允许；stopped阻止；led带领。根据“As a general, he...his army to win many wars.”可知，将军应是带领军队打仗，故选D。 2．句意：1125年，来自北方的金军与宋国作战，试图控制宋国的中部土地。 care关心；notice注意；control控制；advantage优点。根据上文“the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom ”可知金军与宋国作战，其目的是想占领并掌管宋国的土地，take control of“控制、掌管”，故选C。 3．句意：现在这个国家面临着巨大的困难。 honor荣誉；difficulty困难；pleasure快乐；pity遗憾的事。根据上文可知，金军入侵宋国，这是宋国遇到的困难，故选B。 4．句意：全心全意为国效力。 Provide提供；Serve服务；Respect尊重；Remember记得。根据“...my country with all my heart”可知他要用实际行动保卫国家，serve the country“为国家服务”，故选B。 5．句意：岳飞的母亲鼓励儿子去做这么危险的事，是很不容易的。 easy容易的；hard困难的；patient耐心的；sad伤心的。根据“encourage her son to do something so dangerous”可知，这是不容易的，故选A。 6．句意：她决定把这句话纹在儿子的背上，这样他就不会忘记了。 solve解决；describe描述；forget忘记；explain解释。根据“She decided to tattoo the words onto her son’s back”可知，是不想让儿子忘记说过的话，故选C。 7．句意：你害怕吗？ afraid害怕的；worried忧虑的；disappointed失望的；surprised惊讶的。 根据上文“tattoos are very painful”可知，是问儿子怕不怕，故选A。 8．句意：母亲，一根小针不算什么。 everything一切；nothing没有什么；something一些事情；anything任何事情。根据下文“If I was scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front lines?”可知，岳飞觉得一根小针算不了什么，故选B。 9．句意：令人悲伤的是，岳飞后来因为秦桧的行为被皇帝杀死了，但他的精神却传给了后代。 Hopefully充满希望的；Luckily幸运地；Happily开心地；Sadly伤心地。根据“Yue Fei was killed”可知，这是令人悲伤的，故选D。 10．句意：令人悲伤的是，岳飞后来因为秦桧的行为被皇帝杀死了，但他的精神却传给了后代。 face脸；knowledge知识；spirit精神；mind智力。根据“...was passed on to later generations”及语境可知，是指岳飞的爱国精神流传千古，故选C。 二、阅读理解 What Makes a Hero? The concept of heroism has evolved over time. In ancient cultures, heroes were often warriors or gods. Today, we might think of scientists, activists, or even ordinary people who perform extraordinary acts. But what actually defines a hero? Psychologists have studied the psychology of heroism and found that heroes share certain traits. They tend to be empathetic, courageous, and altruistic. They are willing to take risks to help others, even when there is no personal benefit. Heroes also tend to have a strong moral compass — they act according to their values, not social pressure. Interestingly, research suggests that heroism is not an inborn trait but a behavior that can be cultivated. Studies have shown that people are more likely to act heroically when they have practiced empathy and compassion in their daily lives. This suggests that anyone can become a hero by developing these qualities. Furthermore, heroes often emerge in times of crisis. The pandemic, for example, brought many unsung heroes to light — healthcare workers, delivery drivers, and scientists who worked tirelessly. Their actions remind us that heroism is not about perfection but about choosing to act for the greater good. 1．What is the main topic of this passage? A．The history of heroism. B．The psychology and nature of heroism. C．Famous heroes in history. D．How to become a warrior. 2．What traits do heroes share according to psychologists? A．Wealth and fame. B．Empathy and courage. C．Intelligence and creativity. D．Strength and speed. 3．What does the passage say about heroism? A．It is an inborn trait. B．It can be cultivated through practice. C．It is only possible in times of war. D．It requires fame. 4．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．自私的 B．利他的 C．勇敢的 D．诚实的 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章标题为What Makes a Hero?，围绕英雄主义展开，介绍英雄概念的演变、英雄具备的心理特质，说明英雄品质可以后天培养，并举例危机时刻涌现出平凡英雄，探讨英雄主义的本质。 【详解】1．全文围绕英雄主义，介绍英雄的心理特质、英雄主义的本质与形成方式。对应原文第二段“Psychologists have studied the psychology of heroism”，因此主题是英雄主义的心理学与本质。 2．原文第二段“They tend to be empathetic, courageous, and altruistic.”，英雄拥有同理心、勇气等品质，empathetic意为“共情的、有同理心的”，courageous意为勇敢的，对应选项Empathy and courage。 3．原文第三段“Interestingly, research suggests that heroism is not an inborn trait but a behavior that can be cultivated. Studies have shown that people are more likely to act heroically when they have practiced empathy and compassion in their daily lives.”，这句话说明英雄主义可以通过日常实践培养。 4．原文第二段“They tend to be empathetic, courageous, and altruistic. They are willing to take risks to help others, even when there is no personal benefit.”，英雄愿意不计个人得失帮助他人，因此altruistic含义为“利他的”。 一、短文填空 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题） Yu the Great is one of the most famous legendary figures in ancient Chinese history. He is widely known for controlling and 1 (stop) serious floods. And he set up the Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century — 16th century BC), the first dynasty in Chinese history. His story fully shows the wisdom of ancient people. So far, his spirit 2 (influence) Chinese people from generation to generation. A long time ago, terrible floods hit the areas along the Yellow River almost every year. The big floods destroyed people’s houses and farms, making their lives hard and poor. Yu’s father once tried his best to control the floods. 3 (luck), all his efforts ended in failure. After his father passed away, Yu decided to continue this difficult task. 4 (lead) the flood water to the sea instead of stopping it forcefully, he spent years digging new rivers. Compared with his father, Yu improved the water channels with a 5 (good) way. With a devoted heart, Yu was so busy controlling the floods that he passed his home three times 6 (with) going in to see his family. He always asked his followers to look after 7 (they) when feeling tired, but he himself almost never stopped working. Finally, his hard work paid off. He put an end to the terrible floods. His great work not only saved the lives of thousands of people but also provided 8 (help) people there with a safe environment. Because of his great contributions and noble qualities, Yu 9 (win) great respect from all people at that time. Even today, the story of Yu the Great is still popular among Chinese people. Many students in schools 10 (encourage) to learn from him. As long as we stick to our goals and keep moving forward, we will finally achieve the impossible. 【答案】 1．stopping 2．has influenced 3．Unluckily 4．To lead 5．better 6．without 7．themselves 8．helpless 9．won 10．are encouraged 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代传说中的大禹治水的相关事迹，讲述他通过疏导的方式成功治理洪水、三过家门而不入的经历，以及他的精神从古至今对中国人产生的深远影响与激励作用。 【详解】1．句意：他因治理和遏制严重的洪水而广为人知。and连接并列的动名词，作介词for的宾语，control变为动名词形式controlling，stop也要变为动名词形式stopping。 2．句意：到目前为止，他的精神一直影响着一代又一代的中国人。时间状语“So far”是现在完成时的标志，主语his spirit是单数，所以助动词用has，influence变为过去分词influenced，即has influenced。 3．句意：不幸的是，他所有的努力都以失败告终。此处修饰整个句子，需要用副词作状语，luck的副词形式是Unluckily，位于句首首字母大写。 4．句意：为了把洪水引入大海而不是强行堵截，他花了数年时间开凿新河道。此处表目的，要用动词不定式作目的状语，lead变为To lead，位于句首首字母大写。 5．句意：和他的父亲相比，禹用一种更好的方式改进了水道。Compared with his father提示此处暗含比较含义，good的比较级是better。 6．句意：怀着一颗热忱的心，禹忙于治理洪水，三次经过自己家都没有进去看望家人。结合语境这里表达“没有”的含义，with的反义词是without，介词后接动名词going符合用法。 7．句意：他总是让他的追随者们感到疲惫的时候照顾好自己，但是他自己几乎从未停止过工作。此处指代主语his followers本身，作look after的宾语，需要用反身代词，they的反身代词是themselves。 8．句意：他的伟大功绩不仅拯救了成千上万民众的生命，还给那里无助的人们提供了安全的环境。此处修饰名词people，需要用形容词作定语，结合语境表达“无助的”含义，help的形容词形式helpless符合语义。 9．句意：因为他的巨大贡献和高尚品质，禹在当时就赢得了所有人的极大尊重。时间状语“at that time”指代远古时期，句子用一般过去时，win的过去式是won。 10．句意：学校里的很多学生都被鼓励向他学习。主语Many students和动词encourage是被动关系，句子描述当下的普遍情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，结构为are encouraged。 二、完形填空 （2025·山东省聊城市中考） Everyone admires (崇拜) heroes. When we are asked who are our heroes, someone well-known like Yang Liwei or Zhong Nanshan may come into our mind. They make a big difference to the world. However, there are “everyday” heroes in our daily life. They may not be so famous to the public, 1 these common people are also working hard to build a better world. Sun Jun is among them. Sun Jun comes from a poor 2 . The villagers used to have no enough food. He learned to save food at his 3 age. When he was a college student, he found that the problem of food waste was more and more serious. After graduating (毕业), Sun Jun joined a volunteer organization (组织) called Green Food Bank. The purpose of the organization is to build a 4 between people who are ready to help others and those who are in need. It 5 by collecting and providing free food for the poor, the disabled and so on. Sun’s team 6 a phone app. It can show how much food restaurants remain (剩余) each day. They 7 go there to get the food for free. Then it can be given out in just a few hours. So far, Sun and his team have done 8 meaningful to the society. On the one hand, they’ve saved a lot of food. On the other hand, they’ve helped some people successfully. 9 does Sun do all these things? He says, “Thanks to Grandpa Yuan Longping, we are almost no longer short of food. We need to think about how to stop 10 . There’s a long way to go, but I won’t give up halfway. It’s just the beginning. We still have much to do.” 1．A．so B．or C．but 2．A．town B．village C．city 3．A．early B．middle C．old 4．A．house B．bridge C．wall 5．A．changes B．gives C．works 6．A．refused B．developed C．broke 7．A．usually B．never C．seldom 8．A．nothing B．everything C．something 9．A．Why B．How C．Where 10．A．collecting B．wasting C．saving 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“日常英雄”孙军的事迹。 【详解】1．句意：他们可能不那么为公众所知，但是这些普通人也在努力建设一个更美好的世界。 so所以；or或者；but但是。根据“They may not be so famous to the public”和“these common people are also working hard to build a better world”可知，前后句之间存在转折关系，此处表示“但是”。故选C。 2．句意：孙军来自一个贫穷的村庄。 town城镇；village村庄；city城市。根据“The villagers used to have no enough food.”可知，村民们过去常常没有足够的食物，由此可推测出孙军来自一个贫穷的村庄。故选B。 3．句意：他在很小的时候就学会了节约食物。 early早的；middle中间的；old老的。根据“The villagers used to have no enough food.”可知，村民们过去常常没有足够的食物，由此可推测出他在很小的时候就学会了节约食物，at an early age“在很小的时候”。故选A。 4．句意：这个组织的目的是在愿意帮助别人的人和有需要的人之间架起一座桥梁。 house房子；bridge桥梁；wall墙。根据“between people who are ready to help others and those who are in need”可知，此处表达的是“在愿意帮助别人的人和有需要的人之间架起一座桥梁”，build a bridge“架起一座桥梁”。故选B。 5．句意：它通过为穷人、残疾人等收集和提供免费食物来运作。 changes改变；gives给；works运作。根据“by collecting and providing free food for the poor, the disabled and so on”可知，此处表达的是“它通过为穷人、残疾人等收集和提供免费食物来运作”，works“运作”符合句意。故选C。 6．句意：孙的团队开发了一款手机应用。 refused拒绝；developed开发；broke打破。根据“a phone app”可知，此处表达的是“开发了一款手机应用”，developed“开发”符合句意。故选B。 7．句意：他们通常去那里免费获取食物。 usually通常；never从不；seldom很少。根据“Then it can be given out in just a few hours.”可知，食物可以在几个小时内分发出去，由此可推测出他们通常去那里免费获取食物，usually“通常”符合句意。故选A。 8．句意：到目前为止，孙和他的团队已经为社会做了一些有意义的事情。 nothing没有什么；everything一切；something一些事情。根据“On the one hand, they’ve saved a lot of food. On the other hand, they’ve helped some people successfully.”可知，一方面，他们节省了很多食物，另一方面，他们成功地帮助了一些人，由此可推测出孙和他的团队已经为社会做了一些有意义的事情，something“一些事情”符合句意。故选C。 9．句意：孙为什么要做所有这些事情？ Why为什么；How怎样；Where哪里。根据“He says, ‘Thanks to Grandpa Yuan Longping, we are almost no longer short of food. We need to think about how to stop ...’”可知，下文是解释孙做这些事情的原因，由此可推测出此处是询问孙为什么要做所有这些事情，Why“为什么”符合句意。故选A。 10．句意：我们需要考虑如何阻止浪费。 collecting收集；wasting浪费；saving节约。根据“they found that the problem of food waste was more and more serious”以及“On the one hand, they’ve saved a lot of food.”可知，他们发现食物浪费问题越来越严重，他们节省了很多食物，由此可推测出此处表达的是“需要考虑如何阻止浪费”。故选B。 $Unit 4 Heroes 课时3 Understanding ideas Grammar 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 battle /ˈbætl/ n. 战斗，战役 shock /ʃɒk/ n. 令人震惊的事 temperature /ˈtemprətʃə/ n. 温度，气温 post /pəʊst/ n. 岗位 deeply /ˈdiːpli/ adv. 非常，很深地 lose /luːz/ v. 丧失，失去 survivor /səˈvaɪvə/ n. 生还者，幸存者 句型 1. She was a brave soldier who never gave in. 她是永不屈服的勇敢战士。 2. How could a woman who loved her young son leave him behind? 一位深爱幼子的女性，怎么能够抛下孩子？ 3. Today, I interviewed an old soldier who survived in the Battle at Lake Changjin. 今天我采访了一位长津湖战役幸存的老兵。 4. But they stayed at their posts on the front line. 但他们坚守在前线岗位上。 5. I was deeply moved by those soldiers who gave everything for China. 我被那些为祖国奉献一切的士兵深深打动。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ___________ n. 战斗，战役 2. ___________ n. 令人震惊的事 3. ___________ n. 生还者，幸存者 4. ___________ n. 温度，气温 5. ___________ n. 岗位 6. ___________ v. 丧失，失去 7. ___________ adv. 非常，很深地 二、词组默写 1. ___________ 前线 2. ___________ 满怀敬意地 3. ___________ 永垂不朽；永远活在人们心中 4. ___________ 献出生命 5. ___________ 为了……的胜利 6. ___________ 通过某人的行动 7. ___________ 坚守岗位 8. ___________ 低至 9. ___________ 一次又一次 10. ___________ 为中国奉献一切 三、根据要求完成句子 1. She was a brave soldier ___ ___ _____ _____. 她是永不屈服的勇敢战士。 2. How could a woman who loved her young son _____him_______? 一位深爱幼子的女性，怎么能够抛下孩子？ 3. Today, I interviewed an old soldier ________ ________ in the Battle at Lake Changjin. 今天我采访了一位长津湖战役幸存的老兵。 4. But they ____ ____ ____ ____ on the front line. 但他们坚守在前线岗位上。 5. I ____ ____ ____ ____ those soldiers who gave everything for China. 我被那些为祖国奉献一切的士兵深深打动。 1、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The two armies ________ (battle) for three days. 2．He felt ________ (shock) when he heard the surprising news about the trip. 3．Now she encourages other ________ (survive) to look forward to a brighter future. 4．The ________ (temperature) will rise to 30 degrees tomorrow, so don't forget to take an umbrella. 5．She lent her pen to me, but I ________ (lose) it. 6．We were ________ (deep) inspired by his story. 7.The guards were ordered not to leave their________ (post) . 二、阅读还原 阅读短文，从短文下面的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整，衔接自然。 When Will Restall was in the fifth grade, he received bus safety training at school. Local bus drivers taught students about how to use the buses’ two-way radios. A twoway radio is a radio that can both send and receive messages. 1 And they showed the students how to use them in emergency situations. Will used what he learned to help a bus driver who got hurt get quick medical treatment. People in his hometown now call the 11-year-old boy a hero for his brave actions. Will was taking the bus to school one morning. 2 He had to wait 10 minutes or so before he could get off the bus. But then he heard a loud noise and looked up to see what happened. 3 She had passed out(昏迷) and fell over on the bus stairs. Will left his seat, grabbed the two-way radio and reported that the driver was hurt. 4 Soon, another bus driver and an ambulance(救护车) arrived to help. When they got there, the bus driver was awake and sitting up, but not speaking. They sent the driver to the hospital. Will and everyone else on the bus went to class as usual. Will’s brave actions attracted a lot of attention. 5 although he didn’t want to be the spotlight(公众注意的焦点). “I had to ask him,” said his father, Tim Restall. A．Like every other student on the bus, Will was playing a video game on his phone. B．A local TV station even interviewed him, C．The user can both talk and listen, and it’s also called a walkie-talkie (对讲机). D．He saw that the bus driver—Emily was no longer in the driver’s seat. E．The radios on each bus let Will’s friends hear him report the emergency. F．He was very surprised to see the situation. 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 （2025-2026·辽宁沈阳市虹桥中学初中学业水平模拟调研 ） On April 22, 2026, a special flight landed at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport. The aircraft was a Y-20B, China’s large military (军事的) transport plane. It carried 12 fallen heroes—the remains of Chinese People’s Volunteers (CPV) soldiers who gave 1 (they) lives in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953). Along with them came 146 pieces of 2 (person) belongings. This was 3 13th batch (一批) of CPV martyrs’ remains returned from South Korea. Since 2014, China 4 (bring) home 1, 023 fallen soldiers. For this mission (任务), the Y-20B was given a special call sign: “Glory Return 50”. The number “50” stands 5 the year 1950, when the CPV soldiers first crossed the Yalu River to fight. The call sign means: “Heroes, you went to war in 1950, now, you are coming home in glory (光荣).” As the Y-20B entered Chinese airspace, four J-20 fighter jets flew alongside 6 (guard) it. The five aircraft formed an arrow-shaped formation. The J-20s carried the call sign “Red Eagle” — a symbol of strength in today’s air force. 7 the Y-20B landed at the airport, it was welcomed with a water salute (敬礼). Two fire trucks sprayed (喷洒) water arches over the plane, the 8 (high) honor in aircraft industry. The welcoming ceremony was held at the airport. Soldiers in formal uniforms carried the coffins, each covered with the five-star red flag, and placed them in rows. An honor guard held guns, standing 9 (close) to protect the heroes’ spirits. More than 1,800 people attended the ceremony. After the ceremony, a motorcade of 70 police motorcycles guarded the soldiers’ remains to the CPV Martyrs’ Cemetery in Shenyang. In the following days, the 12 soldiers 10 (lay) to rest. Each year, in spring, when the flowers bloom in full, the fallen heroes come home. Their sacrifice and bravery will always be remembered. 一、完形填空 （2024·广东广州·二模） Yue Fei was a hero who lived during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). As a general, he 1 his army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song kingdom and tried to take 2 of its central lands. Yue decided to fight the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great 3 . What exactly do you plan to do?” “ 4 my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not 5 for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo the words onto her son’s back so that he would not 6 them. His mother asked, “My child, tattoos are very painful. Are you 7 ?” Yue said, “Mother, a little needle is 8 . If I was scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front lines?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. 9 ,Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his 10 was passed on to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 1．A．advised B．allowed C．stopped D．led 2．A．care B．notice C．control D．advantage 3．A．honor B．difficulty C．pleasure D．pity 4．A．Provide B．Serve C．Respect D．Remember 5．A．easy B．hard C．patient D．sad 6．A．solve B．describe C．forget D．explain 7．A．afraid B．worried C．disappointed D．surprised 8．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 9．A．Hopefully B．Luckily C．Happily D．Sadly 10．A．face B．knowledge C．spirit D．mind 二、阅读理解 What Makes a Hero? The concept of heroism has evolved over time. In ancient cultures, heroes were often warriors or gods. Today, we might think of scientists, activists, or even ordinary people who perform extraordinary acts. But what actually defines a hero? Psychologists have studied the psychology of heroism and found that heroes share certain traits. They tend to be empathetic, courageous, and altruistic. They are willing to take risks to help others, even when there is no personal benefit. Heroes also tend to have a strong moral compass — they act according to their values, not social pressure. Interestingly, research suggests that heroism is not an inborn trait but a behavior that can be cultivated. Studies have shown that people are more likely to act heroically when they have practiced empathy and compassion in their daily lives. This suggests that anyone can become a hero by developing these qualities. Furthermore, heroes often emerge in times of crisis. The pandemic, for example, brought many unsung heroes to light — healthcare workers, delivery drivers, and scientists who worked tirelessly. Their actions remind us that heroism is not about perfection but about choosing to act for the greater good. 1．What is the main topic of this passage? A．The history of heroism. B．The psychology and nature of heroism. C．Famous heroes in history. D．How to become a warrior. 2．What traits do heroes share according to psychologists? A．Wealth and fame. B．Empathy and courage. C．Intelligence and creativity. D．Strength and speed. 3．What does the passage say about heroism? A．It is an inborn trait. B．It can be cultivated through practice. C．It is only possible in times of war. D．It requires fame. 4．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．自私的 B．利他的 C．勇敢的 D．诚实的 一、短文填空 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题） Yu the Great is one of the most famous legendary figures in ancient Chinese history. He is widely known for controlling and 1 (stop) serious floods. And he set up the Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century — 16th century BC), the first dynasty in Chinese history. His story fully shows the wisdom of ancient people. So far, his spirit 2 (influence) Chinese people from generation to generation. A long time ago, terrible floods hit the areas along the Yellow River almost every year. The big floods destroyed people’s houses and farms, making their lives hard and poor. Yu’s father once tried his best to control the floods. 3 (luck), all his efforts ended in failure. After his father passed away, Yu decided to continue this difficult task. 4 (lead) the flood water to the sea instead of stopping it forcefully, he spent years digging new rivers. Compared with his father, Yu improved the water channels with a 5 (good) way. With a devoted heart, Yu was so busy controlling the floods that he passed his home three times 6 (with) going in to see his family. He always asked his followers to look after 7 (they) when feeling tired, but he himself almost never stopped working. Finally, his hard work paid off. He put an end to the terrible floods. His great work not only saved the lives of thousands of people but also provided 8 (help) people there with a safe environment. Because of his great contributions and noble qualities, Yu 9 (win) great respect from all people at that time. Even today, the story of Yu the Great is still popular among Chinese people. Many students in schools 10 (encourage) to learn from him. As long as we stick to our goals and keep moving forward, we will finally achieve the impossible. 二、完形填空 （2025·山东省聊城市中考） Everyone admires (崇拜) heroes. When we are asked who are our heroes, someone well-known like Yang Liwei or Zhong Nanshan may come into our mind. They make a big difference to the world. However, there are “everyday” heroes in our daily life. They may not be so famous to the public, 1 these common people are also working hard to build a better world. Sun Jun is among them. Sun Jun comes from a poor 2 . The villagers used to have no enough food. He learned to save food at his 3 age. When he was a college student, he found that the problem of food waste was more and more serious. After graduating (毕业), Sun Jun joined a volunteer organization (组织) called Green Food Bank. The purpose of the organization is to build a 4 between people who are ready to help others and those who are in need. It 5 by collecting and providing free food for the poor, the disabled and so on. Sun’s team 6 a phone app. It can show how much food restaurants remain (剩余) each day. They 7 go there to get the food for free. Then it can be given out in just a few hours. So far, Sun and his team have done 8 meaningful to the society. On the one hand, they’ve saved a lot of food. On the other hand, they’ve helped some people successfully. 9 does Sun do all these things? He says, “Thanks to Grandpa Yuan Longping, we are almost no longer short of food. We need to think about how to stop 10 . There’s a long way to go, but I won’t give up halfway. It’s just the beginning. We still have much to do.” 1．A．so B．or C．but 2．A．town B．village C．city 3．A．early B．middle C．old 4．A．house B．bridge C．wall 5．A．changes B．gives C．works 6．A．refused B．developed C．broke 7．A．usually B．never C．seldom 8．A．nothing B．everything C．something 9．A．Why B．How C．Where 10．A．collecting B．wasting C．saving $